A report on iUU fishing of Baltic Sea cod - Fisheries Secretariat

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DENMARKThe Baltic is the third most important fishingarea for Danish fishermen – after the North Seaand Skagerrak, respectively (Anderson, 2002).The overall contribution of the fisheries sector tothe economy is small – about 0.5% – but it has avery strong importance to specific regions whichare heavily dependent on fisheries for their livelihoods:north and west Jutland, and the island ofBornholm, where 95% of all landings by Danishvessels are made (European Commission, 2001).Approximately 5,650 fishermen work on 3,831vessels operating from Danish ports. The registeredtonnage of the fleet is 99,720 gross tonnage(GT). The table below provides a breakdown ofthe categories and number of vessels within theDanish fleet.species along with Norway pout, blue whitingand sprat, whereas, sprat are targeted in the Skagerrak/Kattegatand Baltic Sea. Owing to highlevels of dioxins which make them unsuitablefor human consumption, herring has also beenallowed to be targeted in some instances in theBaltic (RSPB, 2004).(ii) The pelagic fishery for human consumption,mainly herring and mackerel stored in tanks andlanded whole; and,(iii) The demersal fishery for white fish (cod,hake, haddock, whiting, saithe), flatfish (sole,plaice, flounder), lobster and deep water prawns(FAO, 2004).The table below indicates the total annual catchof fish from the Baltic Sea by Danish vessels.Category of registered vesselNumberSide trawlers56Stern trawler8Other trawler7Purse seine & combination vessels98Danish seiners 78Longliners and gillnetters ,138Traps, poundnets ,574Dredgers and other vessels6TOTAL 3,831Source: Danish Directorate of Fisheries, 2002Cod are targeted by trawl and gillnets, withlandings of plaice and flounder normally associatedwith the trawl fishery. Sprat and herring aretargeted by trawl and purse seiners.The trawler fleets are based in the main ports inJutland and Bornholm with a large fleet of smallgill netters located in all Danish ports (EuropeanCommission, 2001; Danish Directorate of Fisheries,2002; FAO, 2004). The numbers of gillnettershas declined in recent years owing to thestock age composition with vessels switching tolonglining or trawling. The main pelagic fisheriesare conducted by a small fleet of purse seinersand large trawlers (ICES, 2005).Broadly speaking there are three types of fisheryin Denmark:(i) The industrial fishery for fishmeal and fishoil. In the North Sea, sandeel is the main targetDanish catches from the Baltic Sea (includingThe Belt and The Sound)Main 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998speciesCod 11,843 19,836 34,613 48,521 42,581 29,488Herring 42,986 45,199 37,763 34,340 30,877 38,820Sprat 29,949 69,673 76,716 123,549 153,765 111.003Main 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004speciesCod 38,174 32,050 29,148 21,558 22,342 19,936Herring 37,973 49,727 46,297 18,407 5,300 n/aSprat 97,685 55,521 53,411 47,630 32,000 44,300Source: adapted from Danish Directorate of Fisheries, 2002; ICES2005; OECD, 2005The processing sectorBecause of the inability of the domestic fleet tomeet the national demand of Danish processors,there is a great reliance on imports to sustain theindustry. Denmark also acts as a “hub” for fishtrade. Figures for 2000 indicate there were 738companies dealing with processing and trade infish products: 83 in smoking and drying, 47 incanning and filleting, 5 in fish meal and fish oil,310 in wholesale trade and 293 in retail trade(FAO, 2004).Employment in the fish processing sector between1996 and 2000 is shown in the table below.– 52 –
Number of employees in the fish processingsector in DenmarkType of company 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000Smoking and drying 1,512 1,913 1,568 1,578 1,704Canning and filleting 6,473 5,220 5,251 4,962 4,859Fish meal and fish oil 603 499 488 472 424Wholesale trade 3,237 3,399 3,292 3,099 3,060Retail trade 909 901 955 998 1,048Total 19,612 18,293 17,771 17,285 17,449Source: adapted from FAO, 2004The table below provides a breakdown of thecategories and number of vessels within the Swedishfleet.Category of registered vesselNumberPelagic trawler (≥ 24m) 55Pelagic trawler (< 24 m) 63Demersal trawler (cod, ≥ 24 m)6Demersal trawler (cod, < 24 m) 73Gill netters/longliners (≥ 12 m)9Gill netters/longliners (< 12m)79Shrimp trawler 60Nephrops trawler 90TOTAL 685SWEDENFor Sweden, the Baltic Sea is the most importantfishing area with 45% of total national landingsin volume. Other important fishing areas includethe Skagerrak (15%), the Kattegat (6%), theNorth Sea (12%) and the North Atlantic (23%)(FAO, 2004a).The fishing sector in Sweden is decreasing – landings(value as well as quantity), vessel numbersand numbers of fishermen are all decreasing. Atthe same time, the prices of fish for consumptionhave increased, the amount of fish used forreduction has declined and exports of fish andfishery products have increased (OECD, 2005a).The overall contribution of the fisheries sector tothe economy is small – about 0.2%. On the westcoast, where large processing facilities are based,the economic importance is more significant(FAO, 2004a).There are approximately 1,860 fishermen (FAO,2004a) and 685 vessels with a total gross tonnageof 41,700 (ICES, 2005). The fleet segmentshave differing capacities for adapting to changesin fishing possibilities. The smaller boats usuallyfish from a local port, whereas the mobility oflarger vessels enables them to move betweenfishing grounds and land in other Baltic States.There are a large number of landing sites inSweden. The most important are the harboursof Träslövsläge, Göteborg, Ängholmen, Smögen,and Strömstad on the west coast; and Trelleborg,Simrishamn, Karlskrona, Nogersund, Västervik,and Oxelösund in the Baltic. Several Danish harbours,such as Skagen and Hanstholm, are alsoimportant for landing Swedish catches (FAO,2004a).Source: ICES, 2005The pelagic fisheries are conducted by four fleetcategories:(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)Trawlers catching herring for human consumption.Trawlers catching sprat, some of whichis used for human consumption but themajority is used for industrial purposes.Herring is caught as bycatch in this fishery.Coastal gillnet fishery for herring for humanconsumption.Purse seine fishery near the coast for spawningherring in the second quarter of theyear. This fishery is also for human consumption(FAO, 2004a).The demersal fishery for cod and flatfish in theBaltic is carried out by four fleet categories:(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)Trawlers targeting cod but with a bycatchof flatfish;Gillnetters and longliners targeting codbut with a bycatch of flatfish (longlines arestarting to increase on the behalf of gillnettersin this category, possibly caused by theneed for improved quality which deterioratesmore so with the soak time of nets)(ICES, 2005)Gillnetters targeting flatfish but with abycatch of cod.Coastal fishery with trap nets for eel andother species. Cod and flatfish are caughtin this fishery (FAO, 2004a).The large pelagic vessels accounted for morethan 40% of the total national landings in termsof value and close to 90% of the landed volumein 2003 (FAO, 2004a). EU rules governing the– 53 –
Page 1 and 2: A report on IUUfis
Page 3 and 4: A report on IUUfis
Page 5 and 6: Part II 21Policy and regulatory fra
Page 7: Executive summaryThe cod fisheries
Page 10 and 11: Part IDescribing and quantifying IU
Page 12 and 13: which it has undermined their abili
Page 14 and 15: the Association of Fish Processors
Page 16 and 17: or close to fishing communities was
Page 18 and 19: Fishing in closed areasEU fisheries
Page 20 and 21: the fishing industry and, therefore
Page 22 and 23: very active on the issue and, at th
Page 24 and 25: that were adopted within the IBSFC
Page 26 and 27: Table 5. An analysis of the 11 Poin
Page 28 and 29: Action Point and its Aim6. Working
Page 30 and 31: failings in the process (see page 3
Page 32 and 33: of cod and hake. The Commission wil
Page 34 and 35: adopted in the North Sea, the Balti
Page 36 and 37: Table 6 Showing the indicators used
Page 38 and 39: Policy areas Policy theme Indicator
Page 40 and 41: Table 7. The list of types of behav
Page 42 and 43: of this Regulation is to streamline
Page 44 and 45: appeared to bear out that significa
Page 46 and 47: General headings/Sub-headingsDetail
Page 48 and 49: Notes1ICES. 2005. Report of the Bal
Page 50 and 51: ReferencesAnderson, J.L., 2002. Rea
Page 54 and 55: highest allowable level of dioxin i
Page 56 and 57: duction are Iceland, Norway, Japan
Page 58 and 59: The processing sectorAt the beginni
Page 60 and 61: Annex IIMembers of the Administrati
Page 62 and 63: Annex IVSummary of the European Com
Page 64 and 65: Department of Fisheries and Game (k
Page 66 and 67: InspectionsThe Fisheries Control De
Page 68 and 69: this was to exceed the maximum, the
Page 70 and 71: Theme/ PolicyareaInspection andcont

A report on iUU fishing of Baltic Sea cod - Fisheries Secretariat

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