A report on iUU fishing of Baltic Sea cod - Fisheries Secretariat

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highest allowable level of dioxin in food enteredinto force on 1 July 2002. Sweden has an exemptionfrom these rules relating to fish from theBaltic sold for human consumption, implyingthat products whose dioxin levels exceed theselimits can be placed on the Swedish market. Thisderogation is currently in place until the end of2006 (RSPB, 2004).The table below shows the total <strong>report</strong>ed landingsof fish by Swedish vessels for human consumptionand reduction purposesYear Coastal For human Fordistrict consumption reduction2003 West Coast 28,628 27,256South Coast 24,540 3,909E east Coast 15,163 6,710TOTAL 68,331 37,8752004 West Coast 31,489 24,893South Coast 24,439 6,255E east Coast 14,218 9,548Source FAO, 2004aTOTAL 71,146 40,696Most of the Swedish landings of herring andsprat from the Baltic are from the traditionaltrawl fishery with pelagic trawls as well as bottomtrawls for herring. Fishing with gillnetsfor herring is of local importance in the coastalfisheries, especially in the northern Baltic.The table below shows the total <strong>report</strong>ed landingsof cod by Swedish registered vessels between1993 and 2004.Cod landings by Swedish vesselsYear 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998Cod 12,048 22,190 27,966 36,119 28,374 16,609Herring 66,400 61,600 47,200 25,900 44,100 71,000Sprat 92,700 135,200 143,700 158,200 151,900 191,100Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004Cod 15,927 19,172 21,026 14,588 14,585 14,163 *Herring 48,900 60,200 29,800 29,400 31,800 29,300Sprat 137,300 120,600 85,400 77,300 63,400 78,300* preliminarySource: adapted from ICES, 2005The processing sectorIn 2002, the fish processing industry in Swedenwas dominated by a relatively small number oflarge companies located on the Swedish westcoast. There were 184 companies involved inthe processing sector in 2002. Many Swedishcompanies have been bought by or merged withNorwegian or Icelandic companies. This developmenthas increased the availability of raw materialto the Swedish industry, and has also been away for Norwegian and Icelandic companies toget access to the EU market (FAO, 2004a).Total employment in the industry in 2002 was1,804 employees, a decrease of 16 per centcompared with 2001. Swedish fish processingcompanies import about 80 per cent of their rawmaterial. Their main output is herring and codproducts, but they also produce prawn, salmon,mackerel and haddock products. The majority ofimports come from Norway and Denmark (FAO,2004a).FINLANDThe arctic climate is an important characteristicof the Finnish fisheries, with coastal waterscovered by ice to varying degrees for part of theyear. This means that the main fishing periodlies between April and November but ice fishingusing nets, hooks and traps is also common inthe winter season (FAO, 2005).While economically important in some coastalregions the fishing industry is not a significanteconomic force, contributing about 0.1 and 0.2per cent of the national GDP in 2000 (FAO,2005; OECD, 2005b).The commercial fleet is largely comprised ofsmaller vessels, with the majority of the vesselsless than 18 metres in length. Most fishing effortis focused in the coastal waters, but the largestvolumes are caught in the offshore fisheries. Themost important commercial species is Baltic herringfollowed by salmon, whitefish (Coregonuslavaretus) and sprat. Finland catches the secondlargest amount of fish for feed in the EU, afterDenmark. Most of the herring and sprat are usedin industrial processing for animal feed for thefur farming industry (FAO, 2005).In 2003 there were about 1,000 full-time fishermen– in this instance, classed as anyonereceiving more than 30% of their income fromfishing – and a further 1,700 part-time fishermen.The number of fishing vessels was estimated tobe about 3,494 in 2003. 95% of the vessels areshorter than 12 metres (OECD, 2005b).– 54 –
Small scale Pelagic Demersal Staticcoastal trawler trawlers gear3,27 63 3 57Source: FAO, 2005Many of the trawlers use both pelagic anddemersal trawls for herring. Pelagic trawls areoften used to exploit the juvenile herring stocks,whereas demersal trawling is directed more tothe adult part of the stock. Only a few vesselsdirectly exploit sprat. However, sprat is the mainbycatch in the herring fishery (ICES, 2005). Ninetyper cent of the total catch is Baltic herringor sprat. Almost all the sprat and three quartersof the Baltic herring is used for reduction orotherwise as animal feed, leaving less than onethird of the total catch for human consumption(FAO, 2005).A few vessels target cod with demersal trawls inthe Main Basin (SDs 24-25) as do a small numberof gillnetters (FAO, 2005).Main species 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999Cod ,181 1,388 1,425 1,201 1,168*Herring 31,400 31,500 23,700 24,800 17,900Sprat 5,200 17,400 24,400 25,700 18,900Main species 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004Cod 775 856 228 650 1,193*Herring 23,300 26,100 25,700 14,700 14,500Sprat 20,200 15,400 17,200 9,000 18,600*preliminarySource: ICES 2005A coastal trap net fishery for herring, salmon andEuropean whitefish (Coregonidae) is commonnear the coast and inside archipelagos (FAO,2005).The processing sectorThere are a few large processing plants and numeroussmall family businesses. There were 228processing plants in 2001. They mostly processeddomestically landed fish (approximately 35,000tonnes), but also around 6,000 tonnes of importedfish (FAO, 2005).Over half of the Baltic herring used for humanconsumption is deep frozen, whereas half of therainbow trout is consumed in the form of fillets.The majority of fish for human consumption isprocessed into fillets; deep-frozen fish are thesecond most frequently consumed form of fish(OECD, 2005b).ESTONIAFisheries do not play a significant role in theEstonian economy, contributing about 0.3% tothe GDP. It is of economic, social and culturalimportance in coastal areas where alternativeincome sources are scarce. Fisheries employmentis concentrated in the western part of Estonia,the islands along the west coast and the coast ofthe Gulf of Finland (EU Commission, 2004). Approximately2,300 people were employed in thefishing industry in 2003 (FAO, 2005a).In 2004 the Estonian Baltic Sea fishing fleetconsisted primarily of trawlers: 152 fishing vesselsof over 12 m and 888 vessels of under 12 m.The fishery is predominantly focused on herringand sprat. Pelagic trawls take the most significantproportion of the catch but pound net fisheriesin the Gulf of Riga can also take large amounts.Cod is all but absent from the Estonian EEZ soa limited amount of fishing is undertaken by gillnetters in the Main Basin (SD 25) to the east.Brackish water fishes like perch, pike-perch,flounder, eel, sea trout and salmon being targetedby passive fishing gear is mainly used in coastalfisheries (ICES, 2005; FAO, 2005a). The Tablebelow shows the <strong>report</strong>ed quantities of the mainspecies of fish in metric tonnes landed by theEstonian fleet.Main species 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999Cod 1,049 1,388 1,420 1,196 1,062Herring 30,700 35,700 42,600 34,000 35,400Sprat 13,100 21,100 38,900 32,300 33,200Main species 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004Cod 609 805 37 591 1,193*Herring 30,100 27,400 21,00 13,300 10,900*Sprat 39,400 37,500 41,300 29,200 30,200* preliminarySource: ICES, 2005Estonia has a distant-water fishing fleet whichconsists of 11 factory trawlers – a shadow of itsformer self. Shrimp from the NAFO and NEAFCregulatory areas is the main target species. Themain export destinations for the shrimp pro-– 55 –
Page 1 and 2:
A report on IUUfis
Page 3 and 4: A report on IUUfis
Page 5 and 6: Part II 21Policy and regulatory fra
Page 7: Executive summaryThe cod fisheries
Page 10 and 11: Part IDescribing and quantifying IU
Page 12 and 13: which it has undermined their abili
Page 14 and 15: the Association of Fish Processors
Page 16 and 17: or close to fishing communities was
Page 18 and 19: Fishing in closed areasEU fisheries
Page 20 and 21: the fishing industry and, therefore
Page 22 and 23: very active on the issue and, at th
Page 24 and 25: that were adopted within the IBSFC
Page 26 and 27: Table 5. An analysis of the 11 Poin
Page 28 and 29: Action Point and its Aim6. Working
Page 30 and 31: failings in the process (see page 3
Page 32 and 33: of cod and hake. The Commission wil
Page 34 and 35: adopted in the North Sea, the Balti
Page 36 and 37: Table 6 Showing the indicators used
Page 38 and 39: Policy areas Policy theme Indicator
Page 40 and 41: Table 7. The list of types of behav
Page 42 and 43: of this Regulation is to streamline
Page 44 and 45: appeared to bear out that significa
Page 46 and 47: General headings/Sub-headingsDetail
Page 48 and 49: Notes1ICES. 2005. Report of the Bal
Page 50 and 51: ReferencesAnderson, J.L., 2002. Rea
Page 52 and 53: DENMARKThe Baltic is the third most
Page 56 and 57: duction are Iceland, Norway, Japan
Page 58 and 59: The processing sectorAt the beginni
Page 60 and 61: Annex IIMembers of the Administrati
Page 62 and 63: Annex IVSummary of the European Com
Page 64 and 65: Department of Fisheries and Game (k
Page 66 and 67: InspectionsThe Fisheries Control De
Page 68 and 69: this was to exceed the maximum, the
Page 70 and 71: Theme/ PolicyareaInspection andcont
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