A Comprehensive Introduction to Water Footprints

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[Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2008]The water footprint of pure chocolate is 2400 litres for a 100-gram bar (as aworld average!). Composition of dark chocolate: 40% cocoa paste (waterfootprint 33260 litres/kg); 20% cocoa butter (water footprint 50730 litres/kg);40% sugar (water footprint 1526 litres/kg). We then can calculate: 40% 33260 +20% 50730 + 40% 1526 = 24060 litres/kg = 2400 liters for one 100gr chocolatebar. The water footprint of milk powder is 4600 litres/kg, so that milk chocolatewill have a bit larger water footprint (about 2500 litres for one 100gr chocolatebar) than dark chocolate when <strong>to</strong>tal cocoa content remains the same. Most crucialfor the water footprint of chocolate is the cocoa paste and cocoa butter content.
[Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2008]For 1 kg of refined sugar from SUGAR CANE we require about 1500 litres ofwater. Sugar cane consumes about 220 billion cubic meters of water annually,which is 3.4 % of the global water use for crop production. Sugar from sugarbeets requires less water per kg.
Page 7 and 8: Assessing the water footprintof cro
Page 9 and 10: Irrigation requirementIrrigation re
Page 11 and 12: Grey water footprint• volume of p
Page 13: [Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2008]Water f
Page 16 and 17: Water footprint of EU’s cotton co
Page 18 and 19: The water footprint:making a link b
Page 22 and 23: [Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2008]22
Page 24 and 25: [Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2008]The maj
Page 26 and 27: [Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2008]Water f
Page 28 and 29: 2The water footprintof a nation28
Page 30 and 31: Water footprint of a nation► Nati
Page 32 and 33: Regional virtual water balances(onl
Page 34 and 35: Major determinants of a water footp
Page 36 and 37: Why businesses are interested• co
Page 38 and 39: The virtual water chainFarmerVirtua
Page 40 and 41: The water footprint of a retailerFa
Page 42 and 43: Water footprint - Carbon footprintW
Page 44 and 45: 4From concept to practice44
Page 46 and 47: Water footprint impact assessmentGl
Page 48 and 49: Reducing and offsetting the impacts
Page 50 and 51: Business perspectiveReduction of th
Page 52 and 53: Government perspectiveReduction of
Page 54 and 55: 6The way forward54
Page 56 and 57: www.waterfootprint.orgPartnerspartn
Page 58 and 59: Find the water footprint of various

A Comprehensive Introduction to Water Footprints

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