A Comprehensive Introduction to Water Footprints

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The virtual water chainFarmerVirtualwaterflowFoodprocesserVirtualwaterflowRetailerVirtualwaterflowConsumergreenandbluewaterusegreywaterbluewatergreyusewaterbluewatergreyusewaterbluewatergreyusewater[Hoekstra, 2008]The virtual water chain is the chain of production and consumption of waterintensivegoods. A typical virtual water chain consists of a farmer at the primaryproduction end, a consumer at the consumption end and, depending on thecommodity at stake, some intermediaries such as a food processor and a retailer.Each stage depends on some real water input and a virtual water inflow.38
The water footprint of a consumerFarmerVirtualwaterflowFoodprocesserVirtualwaterflowRetailerVirtualwaterflowConsumergreenandbluewaterusegreywaterbluewatergreyusewaterbluewatergreyusewaterbluewatergreyusewaterIndirect WFDirect WF[Hoekstra, 2008]39
Page 7 and 8: Assessing the water footprintof cro
Page 9 and 10: Irrigation requirementIrrigation re
Page 11 and 12: Grey water footprint• volume of p
Page 13: [Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2008]Water f
Page 16 and 17: Water footprint of EU’s cotton co
Page 18 and 19: The water footprint:making a link b
Page 20 and 21: [Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2008]The wat
Page 22 and 23: [Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2008]22
Page 24 and 25: [Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2008]The maj
Page 26 and 27: [Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2008]Water f
Page 28 and 29: 2The water footprintof a nation28
Page 30 and 31: Water footprint of a nation► Nati
Page 32 and 33: Regional virtual water balances(onl
Page 34 and 35: Major determinants of a water footp
Page 36 and 37: Why businesses are interested• co
Page 40 and 41: The water footprint of a retailerFa
Page 42 and 43: Water footprint - Carbon footprintW
Page 44 and 45: 4From concept to practice44
Page 46 and 47: Water footprint impact assessmentGl
Page 48 and 49: Reducing and offsetting the impacts
Page 50 and 51: Business perspectiveReduction of th
Page 52 and 53: Government perspectiveReduction of
Page 54 and 55: 6The way forward54
Page 56 and 57: www.waterfootprint.orgPartnerspartn
Page 58 and 59: Find the water footprint of various

A Comprehensive Introduction to Water Footprints

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