5. Ambulance service performanceAmbulance services collaborate closely with receivinghospitals and networks to improve care. For many, the focushas shifted from provision of pre-hospital thrombolytictreatment to identifying those patients with heart attack whomight benefit from primary PCI, and transferring them rapidlyto a Heart Attack Centre. So, for many ambulance services,the number of patients receiving pre-hospital thrombolytictreatment has declined. Nevertheless, ambulance personnelcontinue to provide the essential earliest phase of cardiac carefor patients with heart attack including resuscitation fromsudden cardiac arrest, pain relief, (and where appropriate)oxygen therapy, drugs such as aspirin and clopidogrel,performance of diagnostic ECG and continuing cardiacmonitoring. They are largely responsible for the earlyrecognition of an ACS, its initial diagnosis and decisions asto which receiving hospital to alert. Their role in providingprofessional reassurance to patients and their relatives shouldnot be underestimated (see part three, case study 4).Table 6 shows ambulance service performance in Englandand Wales. In England in 2011/12, 210 patients received prehospitalthrombolytic treatment compared to 824 in 2010/11.In Wales 154 patients received pre-hospital thrombolytictreatment compared to 219 in 2010/11.Because the response of the ambulance service influences thecall to balloon time of patients receiving primary PCI, Table6 also contains information on call-to-balloon time for eachambulance Trust.6. Use of secondary prevention medicationUse of secondary prevention medication after the acute eventis proven to improve outcomes for patients. These benefitsapply after both STEMI and nSTEMI.NICE guidance 19 recommends that all eligible patients whohave had an acute heart attack should be offered treatmentwith a combination of the following drugs:ACE inhibitoraspirinbeta blockerstatin.Table 7 shows the percentage of patients prescribed secondaryprevention medication on discharge by hospital in England,Wales and Belfast in 2011/12. For each hospital thosepatients surviving to be discharged home from that hospitalare included but those transferred to another hospital andthose patients in whom such drugs were contraindicated are19. http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG48/QuickRefGuide/pdf/Englishexcluded. Historically, we have used the NSF audit standardof 80% for aspirin, beta blockers and statins treatment. Thereare no national standards for the prescription of ACE inhibitorsand Clopidogrel/ thienopyridine inhibitors.Use of secondary prevention medication at dischargefrom hospital is very satisfactory, continuing to exceedthe national standards, and there is little room for furtherimprovement [Figure 15]. In England prescription of aspirinwas 99%, beta blockers 96%, statins 97%, ACE inhibitors95% and Clopidogrel/thienopyridine inhibitors 96%. In Walesprescription of aspirin was 99%, beta blockers 96%, statins96%, ACE inhibitors 90% and Clopidogrel/thienopyridineinhibitors 95%. In the Belfast hospitals prescription of aspirinwas 100%, beta blockers 100%, statins 99%, ACE inhibitors98% and Clopidogrel/thienopyridine inhibitors 99%.Figure 15. Use of secondary prevention medicationAll heart attacks, (transfers, deaths, contraindicated andpatient refused are all excluded).100908070%605040302003-4 2004-5 2005-6 2006-7 2007-8MINAP will revise its dataset at the end of 2012 to include theuse of newer antiplatelet medication; however it is likely to beanother two years before sufficient data is available to providereliable reports.7. Cardiac NetworksYearsClopidogrel/thienopyridine inhibitorsAspirinBeta Blocker2008-9 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12StatinACEI/ARBCardiac Networks (also known as ‘heart and stroke networks’since they also now facilitate improvements in stroke care)are local NHS organisations that seek to improve the waythat services are planned and delivered. Bringing togetherclinicians, managers, commissioners and patients, and awareof the entire ‘cardiac pathway’, the networks can provide apowerful voice in the local health economy to enable frontlinestaff to secure the changes needed to deliver best care.They provide a forum through which the public can influencetheir services. Some Cardiac Networks have patient carerrepresentatives providing a voice among the professionals.24 MINAP How the NHS cares for patients with heart attack
Table 8 shows the performance of the call-to-needle and callto-balloontargets and the percentage of patients that receivedpre-hospital thrombolytic treatment,in-hospital thrombolytictreatment and primary PCI by Cardiac Network. The twoCardiac Networks in Wales are shown separately.There are 28 Cardiac and Stroke Networks in England and twoin Wales. The purpose of the analyses at this level, amongstothers, is to highlight issues relating to equality of access tooptimal patient care. Figure 16 shows the rate of primary PCIsperformed within each Cardiac Network (based on postcode ofpatient’s residence). It is important to note that some patientsare now treated across their network’s boundaries – if theirnearest Heart Attack Centre lies outside this boundary.Countrywide access to primary PCI remains incomplete,although the picture is changing rapidly. The percentage ofpatients in English Cardiac Networks that received primary PCIranged between 42-99% and in 2 Cardiac Networks less than50% of their patients received primary PCI. In Wales primary PCIservices are currently only routinely available at the South WalesCardiac Network (Rhwydwaith y Galon De Cymru).Figure 16 (right). Number of primary PCIs permillion population by Cardiac Network0 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 >500MINAP Eleventh Public Report 201225
- Page 1 and 2: Myocardial IschaemiaNational Audit
- Page 3 and 4: Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit
- Page 5 and 6: ForewordThe annual MINAP Report, no
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Northern General Hospital, Sheffiel
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Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle
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Warrington Hospital, Warrington 435
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Withybush General Hospital, Haverfo
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Part Three: Case Studies1. Call act
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3. Implementing a high-risk nSTEACS
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The British Heart Foundation is a r
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of six individual criteria - all in
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9. Use of MINAP data to develop and
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Figure 26. Part 2 collected by Card
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12. Shifting the FocusNicola Mannin
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Figure 29. Funnel plot of hospital
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Figure 30. Estimated excess risk of
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Part 6: AppendicesAppendix 1: MINAP
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Coronary thrombosisThe formation of
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Birkhead J, Walker L. MINAP, a proj
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Heart attacks recorded in MINAP in