IAEA SAFETY GUIDES - gnssn - International Atomic Energy Agency

This publication is no longer validPlease see http://www-ns.iaea.org/standards/5.2. Radon daughters and thoron daughters.............................................................. 375.2.1. Grab sampling of radon daughters ..................................................... 375.2.1.1. Implementation of a grab sampling programme ............... 375.2.1.2. One-count methods ................................................................ 415.2.1.3. Two-count methods ............................................................... 455.2.1.4. Three-count methods ............................................................. 495.2.1.5. Additional methods for measuring radon daughters ........ 535.2.2. Grab sampling of mixtures of radon and thoron daughters ............ 545.2.3. Continuous monitoring of radon daughters.......................................... 575.3. External radiation ............................................................................................... 595.3.1. Introduction................................................................................................ 595.3.2. Instrumentation.......................................................................................... 595.3.3. Selection of suitable instruments........................................................... 605.3.4. Calibration and maintenance of gamma radiation monitoringinstruments ............................................................................................... 615.3.4.1. Objectives of calibration ..................................................... 615.3.4.2. Calibration techniques ........................................................ 615.4. Surface contamination ........................................................................................ 626. PERSONAL MONITORING.............................................................................. 646.1. Radon daughters and thoron daughters .......................................................... 646.1.1. Passive personal dosimeters .................................................................. 646.1.2. Active personal dosimeters .................................................................... 656.2. External dosimetry ................................................................... ........:................. 686.2.1. Photographic dosimeters ........................................................................ 686.2.2. Thermoluminescent dosimeters ........... ............................................... 696.3. Personal dosimetry for long-lived radionuclides ........ ............................... 696.4. Exposure estimates ............................................................. :................................ 707. HEALTH RELATED SURVEILLANCE ............................................................ 707.1. General .................................................................................................................... 707.2. Bioassay ...................... :......................................................................................... 717.2.1. Introduction .............................................................................................. 717.2.2. Urine analysis for uranium and thorium ........................................... 727.2.3. Faecal analysis for uranium and thorium ........................................... 747.2.4. Whole body counting ............................................................................ 747.2.5. Radon and thoron in breath ............................................................... 757.2.6. Other techniques ................................................................................... 75