Sanitation 21 planning framework - IWA

Sanitation 21Sanitation 21Simple Approaches to Complex SanitationA Draft Framework for AnalysisCONTENTSPREFACE 4FOREWORD 5Executive Summary 61 Background 71.1 The Scale of the Problem 71.2 Benchmarking a ‘Good’ Sanitation System 81.3 Areas of Controversy 82 Why Do ‘Well-designed’ Urban Sanitation Systems fail? 92.1 Introducing a Problem 92.2 The gap between households and urban systems 102.2.1 The Household Focus on Health 102.2.2 The Utility manager’s focus on the external environment and finance 112.2.3 The Resulting Gap 112.3 Lack of Flexibility 122.4 Inertia and Capacity 132.5 In Summary: Matching Supply and Demand 143 The Framework 15PART ONE: The Context 153.1 Decision Making Domains 153.2 Objectives and Interests 153.2.1 Developing a checklist 153.2.2 At the Household Level 163.2.3 At the neighbourhood and ward/district level 173.2.4 The city 173.2.5 Beyond the City 173.3 External Influencing factors 18– –