46 The Responsible Inves<strong>to</strong>r’s Guide <strong>to</strong> Commodities<strong>Principles</strong> for Responsible Investment in Farmland<strong>PRI</strong>NCIPLE ONE: PROMOTING ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITYWe will promote measures aimed atprotecting the environment and contributing<strong>to</strong> the sustainability of specificcrops and locations, for exampleby reducing soil erosion, protectingbiodiversity, reducing chemical emissions,effectively managing water,and mitigating climate impacts.We will require investment managersand opera<strong>to</strong>rs acting on ourbehalf <strong>to</strong> conduct an environmentalassessment identifying the relevantenvironmental impacts and risks ofa planned investment.Based on this environmental assessment,investment managers andopera<strong>to</strong>rs will be expected <strong>to</strong> implementmitigation and managementmeasures relevant and appropriate <strong>to</strong>the nature and scale of the proposedinvestment.<strong>PRI</strong>NCIPLE TWO: RESPECTING LABOUR AND HUMAN RIGHTSWe will respect labour and humanrights in our farmland investments.We will require investment managersand opera<strong>to</strong>rs acting on our behalf <strong>to</strong>do the same and <strong>to</strong> avoid complicityin human rights abuses.We will require investment managersand opera<strong>to</strong>rs <strong>to</strong> identify relevantlabour and human rights risksand impacts of a planned investmentand <strong>to</strong> implement mitigation andmanagement measures <strong>to</strong> addressthem appropriately.Depending on the location and thenature of the investment, we expectinvestment managers and opera<strong>to</strong>rs<strong>to</strong> explicitly implement policies <strong>to</strong>respect rights such as those relating<strong>to</strong> indigenous peoples, vulnerablegroups, unique cultural systems andvalues, local food security, labour andany other relevant rights in the scopeof their risk assessment and mitigationmeasures.<strong>PRI</strong>NCIPLE THREE: RESPECTING EXISTING LAND AND RESOURCE RIGHTSWe will respect the existing use ofand ownership rights <strong>to</strong> land andother resources and we will requireinvestment managers and opera<strong>to</strong>rsacting on our behalf <strong>to</strong> do the same.Investment managers and opera<strong>to</strong>rsacting on our behalf will berequired <strong>to</strong> implement processes forland acquisitions and related investmentsthat are culturally appropriateand transparent, are moni<strong>to</strong>red, ensureaccountability and the engagementwith relevant stakeholders.For investments with potentialsignificant adverse impacts F on affectedcommunities, the investmentmanagers are expected <strong>to</strong> implementprocesses <strong>to</strong> ensure their free, priorand informed consultation G and facilitatetheir informed participation as ameans <strong>to</strong> establish whether a projecthas adequately incorporated affectedcommunities’ concerns.<strong>PRI</strong>NCIPLE FOUR: UPHOLDING HIGH BUSINESS AND ETHICAL STANDARDSWe will promote high business andethical standards in our farmlandinvestments.We will require that investmentmanagers and opera<strong>to</strong>rs acting onour behalf respect the rule of laweven where it is poorly enforced.We will also require them <strong>to</strong> implementprocesses aimed at avoidingcorruption in all its forms, includingex<strong>to</strong>rtion and bribery, and <strong>to</strong> reflectan informed view of industry bestpracticein their operations.<strong>PRI</strong>NCIPLE FIVE: REPORTING ON ACTIVITIES AND PROGRESS TOWARDS IMPLEMENTING THE <strong>PRI</strong>NCIPLES ANDPROMOTING THE <strong>PRI</strong>NCIPLESWe will report publicly on ouractivities and progress <strong>to</strong>wardsimplementing the Farmland <strong>Principles</strong>,taking in<strong>to</strong> account appropriateconfidentiality considerations.We will encourage other institutionalinves<strong>to</strong>rs <strong>to</strong> endorse and implementthe Farmland <strong>Principles</strong>.
47Annexes <strong>to</strong> the <strong>Principles</strong> for Responsible Investmentin FarmlandAnnex 1 – NotesA: The attractiveness of investmentin farmland derives fromthe expected low correlation of itsreturns with other asset classes andits potential for relatively stablecash flows <strong>to</strong> inves<strong>to</strong>rs. There arevarious ownership and/or operatingmodels that institutional inves<strong>to</strong>rscan adopt for farmland:• buy the land and operate at theirown risk, (with exposure <strong>to</strong> thecommodity price of the crop);• buy and lease <strong>to</strong> a farmer (receivinga fixed rate return);• buy and receive revenue based ona combination of the two previousmodels (cropsharing).• lease from the owner and operateat their own risk or shared risk.These models can be implementedthrough direct investments, orfunds or funds-of-funds managed bya third party.B: Institutional inves<strong>to</strong>rs are organizationsthat pool large sums ofmoney and invest them on behalf oftheir clients and beneficiaries. Typesof typical inves<strong>to</strong>rs include banks,insurance companies, national pensionschemes, retirement or pensionfunds, hedge funds, investment advisorsand mutual funds. Their role inthe economy is <strong>to</strong> act as professionalinves<strong>to</strong>rs on behalf of others. InstitutionalInves<strong>to</strong>rs have a fiduciary duty<strong>to</strong> act in the best financial interest oftheir beneficiaries.C: As described by the UN-backed<strong>Principles</strong> for Responsible Investmentinitiative (www.unpri.org), ‘responsibleinves<strong>to</strong>rs’ take a long-termview in managing their assets andare convinced that certain ESG issuescan affect the performance of theirinvestment portfolios and thereforeneed <strong>to</strong> be taken in<strong>to</strong> account ininvestment management and ownershippolicies and practices.D: As noted above, institutionalinves<strong>to</strong>rs often invest through afund or a fund-of-funds structure.The institutional inves<strong>to</strong>r or theinvestment manager, in turn, oftendelegates the task of operating andmanaging the land <strong>to</strong> a specialis<strong>to</strong>pera<strong>to</strong>r. This limits the extent <strong>to</strong>which the institutional inves<strong>to</strong>r cancontrol the way the land is managedonce the investment has been made.This is why the institutional inves<strong>to</strong>r,as part of its pre-investmentdue diligence process, will activelyensure that the investment managersand opera<strong>to</strong>rs have the policies,systems and expertise needed <strong>to</strong> integrateESG considerations in<strong>to</strong> theirinvestment decisions and ownershipactivities. Prior <strong>to</strong> committingcapital, the inves<strong>to</strong>r will also discussthe ESG-related disclosures that theinvestment managers and opera<strong>to</strong>rswill be required <strong>to</strong> provide duringthe life of the relationship.E: A range of voluntary standardsand <strong>guide</strong>lines for ac<strong>to</strong>rs alongdifferent agricultural supply-chains(including inves<strong>to</strong>rs) are currentlybeing developed. Relevant initiativesinclude the Roundtable on SustainableBiofuels, the Roundtable onResponsible Soy, the Roundtable onSustainable Palm Oil, and the BetterSugarcane Initiative. The IFC Socialand Environmental PerformanceStandards also provide a relevan<strong>to</strong>verall framework for farmlandinvestments.F: Adverse impacts are significant ifthey severely impact the well-beingand livelihood of whole communities,as opposed <strong>to</strong> the well-being andlivelihood of single individuals orgroups.G: Please refer <strong>to</strong> the IFC PerformanceStandards on Social &Environmental Sustainability forguidance on the concept of free,prior and informed consultationand informed participation.Annex 2 - Examples ofimplementation measuresWe expect our investment managersand opera<strong>to</strong>rs <strong>to</strong> take the practicalsteps necessary <strong>to</strong> implement theFarmland <strong>Principles</strong>. These willdiffer greatly depending on the localcontext and the planned use of theland.We include here some examplesof possible implementation measuresby local land opera<strong>to</strong>rs. Theinformation is for illustrativepurposes only and is by no meansexhaustive. It should not be seen asa prescription in defining an implementationplan, which will alwayshave <strong>to</strong> reflect the specific situationand use of the land.Examples of implementation measures:• Introduce a system <strong>to</strong> moni<strong>to</strong>r andmanage agrochemical use witha view <strong>to</strong> minimizing risks andimpacts on the environment, farmworkers and local communities• Introduce a soil management andconservation system• Introduce a system <strong>to</strong> moni<strong>to</strong>rand manage water use with aview <strong>to</strong> using water more efficiently,protecting and enhancingwater quality and minimisingwater pollution• Implement an energy and wastemanagement system, aimed atusing energy more efficiently, reducinggreenhouse gas emissionsand minimizing waste production(for example through reuse/recycling)• Introduce measures <strong>to</strong> protect biodiversity,including endangeredspecies and sensitive ecosystems(for example protected areaswithin own properties)• Implement a health and safety