Annual Report 2011 - Center for Advanced Biotechnology and ...
Annual Report 2011 - Center for Advanced Biotechnology and ...
Annual Report 2011 - Center for Advanced Biotechnology and ...
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CENTER FOR ADVANCED<br />
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE<br />
<strong>Annual</strong> <strong>Report</strong> <strong>2011</strong>
CONTENTS<br />
Director’s Overview 3<br />
Research Programs <strong>and</strong> Laboratories 6<br />
Cell & Developmental Biology 7<br />
Molecular Chronobiology Isaac Edery 8<br />
Tumor Virology Céline Gélinas 11<br />
Bacterial Physiology <strong>and</strong> Protein Engineering Masayori Inouye 15<br />
Growth <strong>and</strong> Differentiation Control Fang Liu 19<br />
Protein Targeting Peter Lobel 22<br />
Developmental Neurogenetics James Millonig 25<br />
Viral Pathogenesis Arnold Rabson 29<br />
Molecular Virology Aaron Shatkin 32<br />
Molecular Neurodevelopment Mengqing Xiang 35<br />
Structural Biology 39<br />
Protein Engineering Stephen Anderson 40<br />
Biomolecular Crystallography Eddy Arnold 42<br />
Structural Biology <strong>and</strong> Bioin<strong>for</strong>matics Helen Berman 47<br />
Structural Microbiology Joseph Marcotrigiano 51<br />
Structural Bioin<strong>for</strong>matics Gaetano Montelione 54<br />
Protein Design <strong>and</strong> Evolution Vikas N<strong>and</strong>a 62<br />
Protein Crystallography Ann Stock 65<br />
Education, Training <strong>and</strong> Technology Transfer 68<br />
Lectures <strong>and</strong> Seminars 69<br />
CABM Lecture Series 70<br />
<strong>Annual</strong> Retreat 71<br />
25 th <strong>Annual</strong> Symposium 73<br />
Undergraduate Students 76<br />
Administrative <strong>and</strong> Support Staff 77<br />
Patents 78<br />
Scientific Advisory Board 81<br />
Current Members 82<br />
Past Members 84<br />
Fiscal In<strong>for</strong>mation 86<br />
Grants <strong>and</strong> Contracts 87<br />
2
Director’s Overview<br />
CABM—25 <strong>and</strong> counting.<br />
CABM experienced a momentous <strong>2011</strong>. It was remarkable as our 25 th anniversary year. Exciting<br />
events to celebrate this milestone included a festive dinner attended by nearly 200 <strong>for</strong>mer students<br />
<strong>and</strong> postdoctoral fellows who returned to CABM from around the country, Europe <strong>and</strong> Asia. This<br />
enjoyable reunion was held on October 20 th . Announced at this event was the establishment of the<br />
Aaron J. Shatkin Endowed Lectureship which will start in the spring of 2012 <strong>and</strong> the naming of the<br />
CABM south atrium as the Shatkin Atrium – two overwhelming <strong>and</strong> highly appreciated honors.<br />
The CABM <strong>Annual</strong> Symposium was held on the next day. The meeting attracted more than 450<br />
participants <strong>and</strong> featured lectures by current <strong>and</strong> <strong>for</strong>mer CABM Scientific Advisory Board members<br />
Bruce Alberts, Wayne Hendrickson, Robert Roeder <strong>and</strong> Phillip Sharp. In addition, several CABM<br />
alumni from academia <strong>and</strong> industry gave talks, <strong>and</strong> many others described recent their recent work<br />
in poster presentations.<br />
Continuing the CABM Mission<br />
The year was also noteworthy <strong>for</strong> the continued commitment to excellence of CABM faculty <strong>and</strong><br />
students. Their research success made possible the vigorous pursuit of our mission--the<br />
advancement of basic knowledge to improve human health. CABM research programs were<br />
supported by NIH <strong>and</strong> several additional federal <strong>and</strong> state granting agencies as well as other public<br />
<strong>and</strong> private sources. The resulting research advanced our underst<strong>and</strong>ing of cancer, infectious<br />
diseases <strong>and</strong> hereditary <strong>and</strong> developmental disorders. As described in the individual research<br />
summaries, CABM researchers are collaborating with clinical investigators at The Cancer Institute<br />
of New Jersey to elicit new targets <strong>and</strong> to develop therapies <strong>for</strong> non-Hodgkins lymphomas <strong>and</strong><br />
metastatic breast cancers as well as to design novel proteins <strong>for</strong> therapeutic use in cancer <strong>and</strong> other<br />
devastating diseases. Several CABM groups have gained new insights <strong>and</strong> found clever approaches<br />
to answer the health challenges of infections by antibiotic resistant bacteria, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis<br />
<strong>and</strong> influenza viruses. Other groups have used model systems to define a temperature dependent<br />
molecular mechanism <strong>for</strong> regulating biological clocks, uncover an autism susceptibility gene <strong>and</strong><br />
decipher the differentiation cascade of retinal cells essential <strong>for</strong> vision. Another CABM laboratory<br />
has discovered the molecular basis of Batten Disease, a lethal childhood hereditary disorder that<br />
may become reversible <strong>and</strong> even curable based on this finding <strong>and</strong> developing technology licensed<br />
to a biotechnology company.<br />
Fostering the Growth of Structural Biology<br />
Another stellar event in <strong>2011</strong> has been the completion by Rutgers University of an impressive<br />
<strong>Center</strong> <strong>for</strong> Integrative Proteomics Research. The new building is physically connected to CABM<br />
<strong>and</strong> will accommodate computational research <strong>and</strong> training activities including the Biomaps<br />
Institute, high field NMR groups, the CABM Mass Spectrometry core facility, a cryoEM laboratory<br />
<strong>and</strong> the international Protein Data Bank (PDB). CABM had the pleasure of hosting the PDB group<br />
this year while the proteomics building was under construction. This proved to be an enjoyable<br />
arrangement that led to productive interactions <strong>and</strong> mutually beneficial collaborations, notably<br />
between PDB <strong>and</strong> the Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium, a multi-institutional center led<br />
by a CABM group <strong>and</strong> sponsored by NIH as part of the Protein Structural Initiative (PSI).<br />
3
Teaching in the Classroom <strong>and</strong> Laboratory<br />
All CABM faculty participate actively in the teaching of students <strong>and</strong> postdoctoral fellows both in<br />
the lecture hall <strong>and</strong> at the laboratory bench. Trainees include undergraduates, graduate students<br />
from many different MS <strong>and</strong> PhD programs <strong>and</strong> medical students. The NIH <strong>Biotechnology</strong><br />
Program has been an excellent source of training <strong>and</strong> support <strong>for</strong> PhD students from various<br />
disciplines <strong>for</strong> more than 20 years. In recognition of its success, the training program was recently<br />
renewed <strong>for</strong> another five years. Outreach education programs also introduce scientific research to<br />
highly motivated high school students at local schools through SMART Team <strong>and</strong> Biolinks<br />
programs. In addition, CABM hosts a Summer Undergraduate Research Experience (SURE) that is<br />
now in its 8th year. In <strong>2011</strong> SURE students from Rutgers <strong>and</strong> several other leading universities<br />
participated in lectures <strong>and</strong> lab projects mentored by CABM graduate students <strong>and</strong> postdoctoral<br />
fellows—providing opportunities <strong>for</strong> both budding <strong>and</strong> committed scientists to interact. Other<br />
outreach programs include a seminar series that brings visiting scientists to talk about their work<br />
<strong>and</strong> to meet with trainees <strong>and</strong> the annual CABM Symposium each year on a topic of special interest.<br />
The next Symposium, our 26 th , will be held in October, 2012.<br />
Awards <strong>and</strong> Service<br />
CABM faculty have received significant national honors <strong>for</strong> their scientific contributions <strong>and</strong><br />
service. These include elected fellowship in AAAS, the American Academy of Microbiology, the<br />
American Academy of Arts & Sciences <strong>and</strong> the US National Academy of Sciences. Drs. Stock <strong>and</strong><br />
Arnold are recipients of MERIT awards from NIH, <strong>and</strong> Drs. Gelinas, Millonig <strong>and</strong> Rabson are NIH<br />
study section members. Dr. Stock recently completed service as Chair of the Board of Scientific<br />
Counselors <strong>for</strong> NIH-NIDCR <strong>and</strong> is completing a long-held position as HHMI investigator. After<br />
completing service on the American Society of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Council, she<br />
was appointed this year to the Society’s Education & Professional Development <strong>and</strong> Finance<br />
Committees. Dr. Montelione is advisor to the NSF Committee of Visitors. Many faculty serve on<br />
other national committees <strong>and</strong> in journal editorial positions. At the local level, Dr. Millonig recently<br />
joined Drs. Gelinas <strong>and</strong> Stock as Master Educators. In addition, Dr. Gelinas serves as Associate<br />
Dean <strong>for</strong> Research, <strong>and</strong> Dr. Millonig leads the RWJMS/Rutgers/Princeton joint MD/PhD program.<br />
This past year Dr. Rabson was appointed director of the Child Health Institute of New Jersey.<br />
Financial Support<br />
Advancing science through research requires strong support from many sources, administrative as<br />
well as financial. CABM is jointly administered by the University of Medicine <strong>and</strong> Dentistry of<br />
New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School <strong>and</strong> Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey.<br />
We thank the Universities, in particular <strong>for</strong> providing a wonderfully functional building <strong>for</strong> doing<br />
science. CABM also benefits from the advice, wisdom <strong>and</strong> guidance freely given by a Scientific<br />
Advisory Board composed of leaders from academia <strong>and</strong> industry. We acknowledge with gratitude<br />
their help <strong>and</strong> support on many issues. Despite difficult economic times, CABM faculty were<br />
successful again in obtaining grants <strong>and</strong> contracts—nearly $18 million in <strong>2011</strong>. Since the founding<br />
of CABM, a total of ~$300 million has been awarded, mostly <strong>for</strong> research but also <strong>for</strong> education<br />
<strong>and</strong> service functions that have had positive impacts on the two universities <strong>and</strong> stimulated the NJ<br />
economy. We are indebted to the numerous public agencies, private foundations, companies <strong>and</strong><br />
individuals <strong>for</strong> their generous <strong>and</strong> essential financial assistance in our pursuit of excellence at<br />
CABM <strong>for</strong> the past 25 years. The sources of federal funding notably include the National Institutes<br />
4
of Health, National Science Foundation, the Department of Defense <strong>and</strong>, at the state level, The NJ<br />
Commission on Spinal Cord Research, NJ Commission on Cancer Research, <strong>and</strong> the Governor’s<br />
Council <strong>for</strong> Medical Research <strong>and</strong> Treatment of Autism. The Howard Hughes Medical Institute has<br />
been supportive of CABM <strong>for</strong> nearly 20 years, <strong>and</strong> the Ara Parseghian Medical Research<br />
Foundation <strong>and</strong> Batten Disease Support <strong>and</strong> Research Association provided important help. CABM<br />
is very grateful to numerous companies including Johnson & Johnson, Hoffmann-LaRoche, Sanofi-<br />
Aventis, Pfizer, Takara Bio Inc., Cisco Inc., Nexomics Biosciences Inc., BioMarin Pharmaceuticals,<br />
Amicus Therapeutics, LifeGas, CIL, GenScript, Macrogen, New Engl<strong>and</strong> BioLabs, Taxis<br />
Pharmaceuticals Inc., Rigaku <strong>and</strong> Genewiz. Without this combined financial help, CABM could<br />
not have maintained its commitment to excellence in advancing basic knowledge in the life sciences<br />
to improve human health. We are most grateful.<br />
Aaron J. Shatkin, Professor <strong>and</strong> Director<br />
shatkin@cabm.rutgers.edu<br />
http://www.cabm.rutgers.edu<br />
5
Research Programs <strong>and</strong><br />
Laboratories<br />
6
Cell & Developmental Biology<br />
Laboratory Faculty Director<br />
Molecular Chronobiology Isaac Edery 8<br />
Tumor Virology Céline Gélinas 11<br />
Bacterial Physiology <strong>and</strong> Protein Engineering Masayori Inouye 15<br />
Growth <strong>and</strong> Differentiation Control Fang Liu 19<br />
Protein Targeting Peter Lobel 22<br />
Developmental Neurogenetics James Millonig 25<br />
Viral Pathogenesis Arnold Rabson 29<br />
Molecular Virology Aaron Shatkin 32<br />
Molecular Neurodevelopment Mengqing Xiang 35<br />
7
Dr. Isaac Edery<br />
CABM Resident Faculty Member<br />
Professor<br />
Department of Molecular Biology<br />
<strong>and</strong> Biochemistry<br />
Rutgers University<br />
Dr. Rudra Dubey<br />
Asst. Research Professor<br />
Dr. Weihuan Cao<br />
Research Assistant<br />
Dr. Kwang Huei Low<br />
Research Assistant<br />
Evrim Yildirim<br />
Graduate Student<br />
Chhaya Dharia<br />
Lab Researcher<br />
Molecular Chronobiology Laboratory<br />
Dr. Isaac Edery completed his doctoral studies in biochemistry as a Royal<br />
Canadian Cancer Research Fellow under Dr. Nahum Sonenberg at McGill<br />
University in Montreal. His Ph.D. research focused on the role of the<br />
eukaryotic mRNA cap structure during protein synthesis <strong>and</strong> precursor<br />
mRNA splicing. Subsequently, he was in the laboratory of Dr. Michael<br />
Rosbash at Br<strong>and</strong>eis University where he pursued postdoctoral studies<br />
aimed at underst<strong>and</strong>ing the time-keeping mechanism underlying circadian<br />
clocks. He joined CABM in 1993, <strong>and</strong> his research is supported by NIH. Dr.<br />
Edery is a member of the editorial board of Chronobiology International <strong>and</strong><br />
Journal of Biological Rhythms.<br />
The main focus of the Edery lab is to underst<strong>and</strong> the biochemical <strong>and</strong> cellular bases<br />
underlying circadian (~24 hr) rhythms, using Drosophila as a model system. Our<br />
strength lies in applying biochemical strategies that are integrated with genetic,<br />
ecological <strong>and</strong> evolutionary perspectives to underst<strong>and</strong> how circadian clocks<br />
function <strong>and</strong> regulate animal physiology <strong>and</strong> behavior. Circadian rhythms are driven<br />
by cellular clocks <strong>and</strong> enable organisms to anticipate daily <strong>and</strong> seasonal changes in<br />
environmental conditions, ensuring activities occur at optimal times in the day <strong>and</strong><br />
appropriate seasonal responses are elicited. Underst<strong>and</strong>ing how clocks function is<br />
highly relevant <strong>for</strong> human health <strong>and</strong> well-being. Indeed, clock malfunctions in<br />
humans have been implicated in many diseases, including manic-depression, cancer,<br />
sleep problems <strong>and</strong> metabolic syndromes. Our lab is investigating the core clock<br />
mechanism, identifying novel clock proteins <strong>and</strong> how they interact to build a<br />
biological time-keeping device that is synchronized to local time. In a second major<br />
ef<strong>for</strong>t, we are determining the role of clocks in seasonal adaptation, which has led to<br />
novel ecological <strong>and</strong> evolutionary implications. These studies have also broadened<br />
our research scope by revealing mechanisms that regulate sleep <strong>and</strong> arousal. In<br />
addition, we are investigating how environmental stimuli, most notably temperature,<br />
controls global gene expression. Below is a brief summary of some of our ongoing<br />
research <strong>and</strong> future directions<br />
Mechanisms underlying circadian clocks: The central clock mechanism is a<br />
dynamically changing multi-subunit biochemical oscillator based on a small set of<br />
interacting core “clock” proteins <strong>and</strong> auxiliary factors that as a unit generates a selfperpetuating<br />
daily transcriptional feedback loop that also drives global cyclical gene<br />
expression, which underlies many of the daily rhythms manifested by organisms. In<br />
addition, to the transcriptional architecture, numerous post-translational regulatory<br />
pathways, most notably reversible phosphorylation, regulate various aspects of clock<br />
8
protein metabolism/activity, such that the biochemical oscillator has an endogenous<br />
period of ~24 hr. A conserved feature of animal clocks is that the key clock protein<br />
termed PERIOD (PER) undergoes daily rhythms in phosphorylation that are central<br />
to normal clock progression in animals.<br />
We showed that phosphorylated PER is recognized by the F-box protein, SLIMB<br />
(homolog of β-TrCP) <strong>and</strong> targeted to the 26S proteasome <strong>for</strong> rapid degradation (Ko et<br />
al., 2002, Nature), a key event in stimulating the next round of daily gene expression.<br />
We used mass spectrometry <strong>and</strong> phospho-specific antibodies to identify the critical<br />
phosphorylation events that promote the binding of SLIMB to PER (Chiu et al., 2008,<br />
Genes & Development). Converting key phospho-sites to Ala or Asp (phosphomimetic)<br />
led to decreases or increases in the pace of the clock, respectively (Chiu et<br />
al., 2008, Genes & Development). In more recent work we identified a novel clock<br />
kinase, NEMO, <strong>and</strong> showed that different phospho-clusters have distinct functions<br />
(Chiu et al., <strong>2011</strong>, Cell). Ongoing work is aimed at identifying the roles of different<br />
phospho-clusters on PER <strong>and</strong> the relevant kinases <strong>and</strong> phosphatases. We are also<br />
applying these techniques to other clock proteins, <strong>and</strong> investigating the effects of other<br />
post-translational modifications in clock function, such as SUMOylation <strong>and</strong><br />
acetylation. Moreover, PER proteins not only function as the principle biochemical<br />
timer but also link to gene expression by acting as transcriptional repressors, whereby<br />
they “deliver” factors such as chromatin remodeling factors to central clock<br />
transcription factors, yielding cyclical gene expression <strong>and</strong> hence rhythmic physiology<br />
<strong>and</strong> behavior. We are undertaking proteomic strategies to identify native clock<br />
protein complexes <strong>and</strong> how they change throughout a daily cycle. In related work we<br />
are investigating the roles of micro RNAs (miRNAs) in clock function.<br />
Seasonal <strong>and</strong> thermal adaptation: Many animals exhibit a bimodal distribution of<br />
activity, with ‘morning’ <strong>and</strong> ‘evening’ bouts of activity that are separated by a midday<br />
dip in activity or ‘siesta’. Ambient temperature is a key environmental modality<br />
regulating the daily distribution of activity in animals. In D. melanogaster, as<br />
temperatures rise there is less midday activity <strong>and</strong> the two bouts of activity are<br />
increasingly shifted into the cooler nighttime hours, almost certainly an adaptive<br />
response that minimizes the detrimental effects of the hot midday sun (Majercak et al.,<br />
1999, Neuron). We showed that the temperature-dependent splicing of the 3'-terminal<br />
intron (termed dmpi8) from the D. melanogaster per RNA is a major ‘thermosensor’<br />
that adjusts the distribution of daily wake-sleep cycles, eliciting seasonably<br />
appropriate responses. In more recent work we showed that this mechanism does not<br />
operate in several Drosophila species with more restricted <strong>and</strong> ancestral locations in<br />
equatorial Africa wherein temperature <strong>and</strong> daylength do not show large seasonal<br />
variations (Low et al., 2008, Neuron). We investigated the molecular basis <strong>for</strong> the<br />
species-specific splicing phenotypes <strong>and</strong> found that multiple suboptimal splicing<br />
signals on dmpi8 underlie the thermosensitivity (Low et al., 2008, Neuron).<br />
Presumably, higher temperatures progressively destabilize interactions between the<br />
non-consensus 5’ splice site (ss) <strong>and</strong> the U1 snRNP, the initial step in the splicing<br />
reaction. Ongoing work is aimed at underst<strong>and</strong>ing how temperature regulates global<br />
gene expression. In addition, these studies are revealing new mechanisms that<br />
regulate sleep <strong>and</strong> arousal.<br />
9
Publications (2010-<strong>2011</strong>):<br />
Ko, H.W., Chiu, J., Vanselow, J.T., Kramer, A. <strong>and</strong> Edery, I. A hierarchical<br />
phosphorylation cascade that regulates the timing of PERIOD nuclear entry reveals novel<br />
roles <strong>for</strong> proline-directed kinases <strong>and</strong> GSK-3β/SGG in circadian clocks. J. Neurosci.<br />
2010 30: 12664-75.<br />
Chiu, J.C., Low, K.H., Pike, D.H., Yildirim, E. <strong>and</strong> Edery, I. Assaying locomotor activity<br />
to study circadian rhythms <strong>and</strong> sleep parameters in Drosophila. J. Visualized Expts.<br />
2010 43.<br />
Sun, W.C., Jeong, E.H., Jeong, H.J., Ko, H.W., Edery, I. <strong>and</strong> Kim, E.Y. Two distinct<br />
modes of PERIOD recruitment onto dCLOCK reveal a novel role <strong>for</strong> TIMELESS in<br />
circadian transcription J. Neurosci. 2010 43: 14458-69.<br />
Edery, I. Circadian rhythms. Temperatures to communicate by. Science 2010 330: 329-<br />
30.<br />
Chiu, J.C. Ko, H.W. <strong>and</strong> Edery, I. NEMO/NLK phosphorylates PERIOD to initiate a<br />
time-delay phosphorylation circuit that sets circadian clock speed. Cell <strong>2011</strong> 145: 357-<br />
70.<br />
Edery, I. A master CLOCK hard at work brings rhythm to the transcriptome. Genes &<br />
Dev. <strong>2011</strong> 25 (in press).<br />
Edery, I. A morning induced phosphorylation-based repressor times evening gene<br />
expression: a new way <strong>for</strong> circadian clocks to use an old trick. Mol. Cell. <strong>2011</strong> (in press).<br />
10
Dr. Céline Gélinas<br />
CABM Resident Faculty Member<br />
Professor<br />
Department of Biochemistry<br />
Associate Dean <strong>for</strong> Research<br />
UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson<br />
Medical School<br />
Dr. Sheng Ge<br />
Research Associate<br />
Dr. Poonam Molli<br />
Research Associate<br />
Dr. Sophie Richard-<br />
Bail<br />
Research Associate<br />
Dr. Anitha Suram<br />
Research Associate<br />
Na Yang<br />
Graduate Student<br />
Tumor Virology Laboratory<br />
Dr. Céline Gélinas came to CABM in September 1988 from the University of<br />
Wisconsin, where she conducted postdoctoral studies with Nobel laureate Dr.<br />
Howard M. Temin. She earned her Ph.D. at the Université de Sherbrooke in<br />
her native country, Canada, <strong>and</strong> received a number of honors including the<br />
Jean-Marie Beauregard Award <strong>for</strong> Academic <strong>and</strong> Research Excellence, the<br />
National Cancer Institute of Canada King George V Silver Jubilee<br />
Postdoctoral Fellowship, a Medical Research Council of Canada Postdoctoral<br />
Fellowship <strong>and</strong> a Basil O’Connor Starter Scholar Research Award. Her<br />
research is funded by the NIH, the Leukemia <strong>and</strong> Lymphoma Society <strong>and</strong> the<br />
Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program. Dr. Gélinas served<br />
<strong>for</strong> several years as a member of the NIH Experimental Virology Study Section<br />
<strong>and</strong> the Virology B Study Section. In 2006, she was elected to the UMDNJ<br />
Stuart D. Cook Master Educators Guild. Dr. Gelinas was appointed Associate<br />
Dean <strong>for</strong> Research <strong>for</strong> RWJMS in 2008. She was elected to Fellowship in the<br />
American Academy of Microbiology in 2010.<br />
Our laboratory focuses on the Rel/NF-kB signaling pathway <strong>and</strong> its role in cell<br />
survival <strong>and</strong> cancer. The Rel/NF-kB transcription factors are key to normal immune<br />
<strong>and</strong> inflammatory responses <strong>and</strong> play critical roles in tumor cell survival,<br />
pathogenesis <strong>and</strong> chemoresistance. They are thus important targets <strong>for</strong> therapy.<br />
Rel/NF-kB is constitutively activated in many human cancers, <strong>and</strong> the Rel proteins<br />
are implicated in leukemia/lymphomagenesis <strong>and</strong> in breast cancer. However, the<br />
detailed mechanism is not fully understood. Our studies aim at underst<strong>and</strong>ing how<br />
changes in NF-kB’s transcriptional activity <strong>and</strong> regulation contribute to<br />
carcinogenesis <strong>and</strong> tumor cell resistance to anti-cancer treatment.<br />
We published a study demonstrating that defective ubiquitin-proteasome mediated<br />
turnover of the NF-kB-regulated apoptosis inhibitor Bfl-1 (Bcl2A1, A1) can<br />
predispose to lymphoma (Fan et al. 2010). Ubiquitination-resistant mutants of Bfl-1<br />
showed decreased turnover <strong>and</strong> greatly accelerated tumor <strong>for</strong>mation in a mouse<br />
model of leukemia/lymphoma. We also showed that these tumors also displayed<br />
upregulation <strong>and</strong> activation of tyrosine kinase Lck along with activation of the IKK,<br />
Akt <strong>and</strong> Erk signaling pathways, which are key mediators in cancer. Coexpression of<br />
Bfl-1 <strong>and</strong> constitutively active Lck promoted tumor <strong>for</strong>mation, whereas Lck<br />
knockdown in tumor-derived cells suppressed leukemia/lymphomagenesis. Since<br />
Bfl-1 is overexpressed in many therapy-resistant leukemia <strong>and</strong> lymphomas <strong>and</strong> is<br />
necessary <strong>for</strong> tumor cell maintenance <strong>and</strong> chemoresistance, these data suggest that<br />
ubiquitination is an important tumor suppression mechanism to regulate Bfl-1<br />
function. This also raises the possibility that mutations in bfl-1 or in the signaling<br />
pathways that control its ubiquitination may predispose to cancer. This work was<br />
conducted together with our colleagues, Drs. Eileen White (CINJ <strong>and</strong> Rutgers<br />
Univ.), Yacov Ron (RWJMS) <strong>and</strong> David Weissmann (RWJMS, RWJUH).<br />
11
The findings above suggested that accelerating Bfl-1 turnover could perhaps be<br />
used to improve tumor cell response to anti-cancer therapy. We pursued our<br />
investigation of kinase-specific inhibitors that can accelerate Bfl-1 turnover <strong>and</strong><br />
showed that some of them could significantly sensitize drug-resistant human<br />
leukemia <strong>and</strong> lymphoma cell lines to anti-cancer agents. Ongoing studies are<br />
evaluating the effectiveness of combination treatment in vivo in mouse xenograft<br />
models <strong>and</strong> in patient-derived specimens ex vivo together with our Drs. Roger<br />
Strair, Daniel Medina, Lauri Goodell <strong>and</strong> Susan Goodin (CINJ).<br />
Our ef<strong>for</strong>ts looking into the mechanisms that regulate Bfl-1 turnover <strong>and</strong> function<br />
revealed that while Bfl-1 is regulated by ubiquitination, it is not a substrate <strong>for</strong><br />
sumoylation. This indicated that ubiquitination is the primary mode of posttranslational<br />
regulation to control its half-life. We identified specific mutations in<br />
putative Bfl-1 phosphorylation sites that markedly alter its turnover <strong>and</strong> have been<br />
investigating if these are substrates <strong>for</strong> phosphorylation. We also identified a<br />
naturally occurring gene mutation in human lymphoma cells that alters turnover<br />
of apoptosis inhibitor Bfl-1 <strong>and</strong> chemoresistance, <strong>and</strong> have optimized conditions<br />
to purify Bfl-1 binding partners with the ultimate goal to identify factors that<br />
control its turnover.<br />
Collaborative studies with the group of Dr. Gaetano Montelione (CABM)<br />
elucidated the structure of Bfl-1∆C (residues 1-151) bound to a Noxa BH3<br />
peptide, refined to 2.25 Å resolution. This provided additional key insights into<br />
the structure of the helix-binding cleft of Bfl-1 <strong>and</strong> helped to underst<strong>and</strong> how Bfl-<br />
1 selectively associates with some proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members <strong>and</strong> what<br />
dictates its affinity <strong>and</strong> specificity <strong>for</strong> Noxa compared to other Bcl-2 family<br />
members. A manuscript is in preparation (Guan et al. In preparation).<br />
We also pursued our studies on the role of CAPER in breast cancer <strong>and</strong> its<br />
functional interaction with estrogen receptor <strong>and</strong> NF-kB. Constitutive Rel/NF-kB<br />
activity is inversely correlated with expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)<br />
<strong>and</strong> is key to breast cancer cell survival, invasion <strong>and</strong> resistance to chemotherapy.<br />
Our studies uncovered a new role <strong>for</strong> CAPER in breast cancer cell invasion. In<br />
vivo studies using a mouse model of breast cancer metastasis are ongoing to<br />
elucidate its role in breast cancer progression <strong>and</strong> metastasis. Since CAPER was<br />
previously implicated both in transcriptional regulation as well as in alternative<br />
splicing, we used Affymetrix exon arrays to probe <strong>for</strong> possible effects on global<br />
gene expression in order to better underst<strong>and</strong> the mechanisms by which it affects<br />
invasion. Preliminary results suggest interesting effects of CAPER at both levels.<br />
This is consistent with CAPER mutation data <strong>and</strong> with immunofluorescence data<br />
showing co-localization of CAPER with splicing factor SC35. These experiments<br />
are being conducted in collaboration with the group of Dr. Guna Rajagopal<br />
(CINJ).<br />
Collaborative work emanating from the laboratories of Drs. Daniel Medina <strong>and</strong><br />
Roger Strair (CINJ), together with Drs. John Glod (CINJ), Arnold Rabson<br />
12
(CHINJ, CINJ <strong>and</strong> CABM) <strong>and</strong> Lauri Goodell (RWJUH) characterized the effects<br />
of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) on the survival <strong>and</strong> drug resistance of<br />
primary mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells, an aggressive subtype of non-<br />
Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Studies revealed an important role <strong>for</strong> the canonical <strong>and</strong><br />
non-canonical NF-kB pathways <strong>and</strong> expression of cytokine BAFF by MSC in the<br />
long term survival of MSC. A manuscript was submitted (Medina et al.<br />
Submitted).<br />
Finally, we pursued our collaborative work with Dr. Eileen White (CINJ) on the<br />
role of autophagy in tumorigenesis <strong>and</strong> the role of NF-kB in this context. These<br />
studies uncovered that activated Ras, commonly found in human tumors, requires<br />
autophagy to maintain oxidative metabolism <strong>and</strong> tumorigenesis. This suggests<br />
that therapeutic strategies to inhibit autophagy could perhaps be useful <strong>for</strong> the<br />
treatment of cancers in which Ras is activated. This work was published (Guo et al.<br />
<strong>2011</strong>). Ongoing studies focus on underst<strong>and</strong>ing how p62 modulates autophagy <strong>and</strong><br />
tumorigenesis <strong>and</strong> the role of NF-kB in this context, expressed <strong>and</strong> purified active<br />
fragment was crystallized <strong>and</strong> the structure determined by X-ray crystallography.<br />
Seven related con<strong>for</strong>mational states were obtained in the crystal. Position<br />
differences of the oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide (OB) binding fold lid domain<br />
over the conserved GTP binding site in the seven structures provided snapshots of<br />
the opening <strong>and</strong> closing of the active site cleft via a swivel motion. While the<br />
GTP binding site is structurally <strong>and</strong> evolutionarily conserved, the overall GTase<br />
mechanism in mammalian <strong>and</strong> yeast systems differs somewhat. Experiments are<br />
underway to crystallize complexes of human GTase with CTD <strong>and</strong> RNA as well<br />
as GTP. Protein engineering is being applied in an ef<strong>for</strong>t to crystallize the full<br />
length human CE.<br />
CAPER co-localizes<br />
with splicing factor<br />
SC35 in breast<br />
cancer cells, as seen<br />
by<br />
immunofluorescence<br />
<strong>and</strong> confocal<br />
microscopy.<br />
13
Publications:<br />
Fan, G., Simmons, M.J., Ge, S., Dutta-Simmons, J., Kucharczak, J..F, Ron, Y.,<br />
Weissmann, D., Chen, C.C., Mukherjee, C., White, E. <strong>and</strong> Gélinas, C. Defective<br />
ubiquitin-mediated degradation of anti-apoptotic Bfl-1 predisposes to lymphoma.<br />
Blood 2010 115: 3559-3569.<br />
Guo, J.Y., Chen, H-Y, Mathew, R., Fan, J., Strohecker, A.M., Kamphorst, J.J.,<br />
Chen, G., Lemmons, J.M.S., Karantza, V., Coller, H.A., DiPaola, R.S., Gélinas,<br />
C., Rabinowitz, J.D. <strong>and</strong> White, E.) Activated Ras requires autophagy to maintain<br />
oxidative metabolism <strong>and</strong> tumorigenesis. Genes & Dev. <strong>2011</strong> 25: 460-470.<br />
14
Dr. Masayori Inouye<br />
CABM Resident Faculty Member<br />
Distinguished Professor<br />
Department of Biochemistry<br />
UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson<br />
Medical School<br />
Dr. Sangita Phadtere<br />
Adjunct Associate Professor<br />
Yojiro Ishida<br />
Research Associate<br />
Hiroshi Kobayashi<br />
Research Associate<br />
Dr. Lili Mao<br />
Research Associate<br />
Dr. Yoshihiro<br />
Yamaguchi<br />
Research Associate<br />
Dr. Kuen-Phon Wu<br />
Postdoctoral Associate<br />
Dr. Hisako Masuda<br />
Postdoctoral Fellow<br />
Yu-Jen Chen<br />
Graduate Student<br />
Chun-Yi Lin<br />
Graduate Student<br />
Bacterial Physiology <strong>and</strong> Protein Engineering Laboratory<br />
Dr. Masayori Inouye joined CABM in October 2009. He is well-known <strong>for</strong><br />
his discovery of antisense-RNA in 1984, the function of the signal peptide <strong>for</strong><br />
secretion, biogenesis of outer membrane proteins, propeptide-mediated<br />
protein folding <strong>and</strong> molecular biology of histidine kinases. Currently he is<br />
working on the characterization of the toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems from E.<br />
coli <strong>and</strong> human pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis <strong>and</strong><br />
Staphylococcus aureus. The discovery of a sequence (ACA)-specific<br />
endoribonuclease from the E. coli TA systems led his laboratory to develop a<br />
unique protein production system converting E. coli cells to a single-protein<br />
production (SPP) bioreactor. This system allows one to label only a protein<br />
of interest in the cells with a specific isotope(s), an amino acid(s) or a toxic<br />
non-natural amino acid analogue(s) in a high yield. His laboratory also<br />
does research on the mechanism of ribosome stalling during protein<br />
synthesis. In May <strong>2011</strong>, he received the Edward J. Ill Excellence in Medicine<br />
Award <strong>for</strong> Outst<strong>and</strong>ing Medical Research Scientist. Dr. Inouye is a member<br />
of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences.<br />
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems; their roles in bacterial physiology <strong>and</strong> the<br />
development of novel antibiotics<br />
Almost all bacteria including human pathogens contain suicide or toxin genes which<br />
are induced under stress conditions leading to cell growth arrest <strong>and</strong> eventual cell<br />
death in a way similar to apoptosis or programmed cell death in higher systems.<br />
Escherichia coli contains at least 35 TA systems <strong>and</strong> their toxins are highly diverse,<br />
targeting DNA, mRNA, protein <strong>and</strong> cell wall synthesis. The importance of these TA<br />
systems in medical science has not been fully appreciated until recently. The Inouye<br />
laboratory works to decipher the cellular targets of these toxins <strong>and</strong> the molecular<br />
mechanisms of toxin functions.<br />
Promoter<br />
ATP-dependent<br />
proteases<br />
Antitoxin<br />
Toxin<br />
Cellular targets<br />
Bacterial Toxin-Antitoxin (Apoptosis) System<br />
Protein<br />
DNA<br />
15
mRNA interferases<br />
mRNA interferases are encoded by one of the TA systems. MazF from E. coli is<br />
the first mRNA interferase discovered in Dr. Inouye’s laboratory <strong>and</strong> functions as<br />
a sequence-specific (ACA) endoribonuclease. Its induction in E. coli cells results<br />
in growth arrest <strong>and</strong> eventual cell death. The Inouye group also observed that<br />
MazF induction in mammalian cells effectively causes Bak (a pro-apoptotic<br />
protein)-dependent programmed cell death. The application of bacterial mRNA<br />
interferases <strong>for</strong> mammalian cell growth regulation is currently being explored to<br />
develop an effective, novel method <strong>for</strong> cancer treatment <strong>and</strong> HIV eradication. In<br />
addition to E. coli MazF, the laboratory has identified a large number of mRNA<br />
interferases having different RNA cleavage specificity, including one from a<br />
highly halophilic archaeon that cleaves a specific seven base sequence. mRNA<br />
interference using highly sequence-specific mRNA interferases instead of<br />
antisense RNA or RNAi may be a novel <strong>and</strong> exciting way to regulate gene<br />
expression.<br />
Single protein production in living cells<br />
Expression of MazF, an ACA-specific mRNA interferase, results in nearly<br />
complete degradation of cellular mRNAs, leading to almost complete inhibition<br />
of protein synthesis. Intriguingly, MazF-induced cells are still fully capable of<br />
producing a protein at a high level if the mRNA <strong>for</strong> that protein is engineered to<br />
have no ACA sequences without altering its amino acid sequence. There<strong>for</strong>e, it is<br />
possible to convert E. coli cells into a bioreactor producing a single protein of<br />
interest. This “single-protein production” (SPP) system allows NMR structural<br />
studies of proteins without purification, which makes this system especially useful<br />
<strong>for</strong> structural studies of membrane proteins. In addition, the SPP system provides<br />
a unique opportunity to produce proteins in which all the residues of a specific<br />
amino acid in a protein are replaced with toxic non-natural amino acid analogues<br />
to create proteins of novel structures <strong>and</strong> functions.<br />
Publications:<br />
Awano, N., Rajagopal, V., Arbing, M., Patel, S., Hunt, J., Inouye, M., Phadtare, S.<br />
Escherichia coli RNase R has dual activities, helicase <strong>and</strong> ribonuclease. J.<br />
Bacteriol. 2010 192(5):1344-52.<br />
Peng, Y.Y., Yoshizumi, A., Danon, S.J., Glattauer, V., Prokopenko, O.,<br />
Mirochinitchenko, O., Yu, Z., Inouye, M., Werkmeister, J.A., Brodsky, B.,<br />
Ramshaw, J.A. A Streptococcus pyogenes derived collagen-like protein as a noncytotoxic<br />
<strong>and</strong> non-immunogenic cross-linkable biomaterial. Biomaterials 2010<br />
31(10):2755-61.<br />
Jung-Ho Park<br />
Graduate Student<br />
Narumi Tokunaga<br />
Graduate Student<br />
Zhuoxin Yu<br />
Graduate Student<br />
Dr. Qian Tan<br />
Research Teaching Spec.<br />
Chun Ying Xu<br />
Research Teaching Spec.<br />
Dr. Yoshihiro<br />
Yamaguchi<br />
Research Teaching Spec.<br />
Dr. Yong Long Zhang<br />
Research Teaching Spec.<br />
Xushen Chen<br />
Lab Technician<br />
16
Xu, Z., Mirochnitchenko, O., Xu, C., Yoshizumi, A., Brodsky, B., Inouye, M.<br />
Noncollagenous region of the streptococcal collagen-like protein is a trimerization domain<br />
that supports refolding of adjacent homologous <strong>and</strong> heterologous collagenous domains.<br />
Protein Sci. 2010 19(4):775-85.<br />
Hwang, J., <strong>and</strong> Inouye, M. Interaction of an essential E. coli GTPase, Der with 50S<br />
ribosome via the KH-like domain. J. Bacterial. 2010 192(8):2277-83.<br />
Schneider, W.M., Tang, Y., Vaiphei, S.T., Mao, L., Maglaqui, M., Inouye, M., Roth, M.J.,<br />
Montelione, G.T. Efficient condensed-phase production of perdeuterated soluble <strong>and</strong><br />
membrane proteins. J. Struct. Funct Genomics 2010 11(2):143-54.<br />
Hwang, J. <strong>and</strong> Inouye, M. A bacterial GAP-like protein, YihI, regulating the GTPase of<br />
Der, an essential GTP-binding protein in Escherichia coli. J. Mol. Biol. 2010 399 (5):759-<br />
72.<br />
Vaiphei, S. T., Mao, L., Shimazu, T., Park, J.H. <strong>and</strong> Inouye, M. The Use of Amino Acids<br />
as Inducers <strong>for</strong> High Level Protein expression in the Single-Protein Production (SPP)<br />
System. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2010 76 (18):6063-8.<br />
Love, J., Mancia, F., Shapiro, L., Punta, M., Rost, B., Girvin, M., Wang, D.N., Zhou, M.,<br />
Hunt, J.F., Szyperski, T., Gouaux, E., Mackinnon, R., McDermott, A., Honig, B., Inouye,<br />
M., Montelione, G., Hendrickson, W.A. The New York Consortium on Membrane Protein<br />
Structure (NYCOMPS): a high-throughput plat<strong>for</strong>m <strong>for</strong> structural genomics of integral<br />
membrane proteins. J. Struct. Funct. Genomics. 2010 11(3):191-9.<br />
Arbing, M.A., H<strong>and</strong>elman, S.K., Kuzin, A.P., Verdon, G., Wang, C., Su, M., Rothenbacher,<br />
F.P., Abashidze, M., Liu, M., Hurley, J.M., Xia, R., Acton, T., Inouye, M., Montelione,<br />
G.T., Woychik, N.A., Hung, J.F. Crystal structures of Phd-Doc, HigA, <strong>and</strong> YeeU establish<br />
multiple evolutionary links between microbial growth-regulating toxin-antitoxin systems.<br />
Structure. 2010 18(8):996-1010.<br />
Tang, Y., Schneider, W.M., Shen, Y., Raman, S., Inouye, M., Baker, D., Roth, M.J.,<br />
Montelione, G.T. Fully automated high-quality NMR structure determination of small<br />
(2)H-enriched proteins. J. Struct. Funct. Genomics 2010 11(4):223-32.<br />
Mao, L., Stathopulos, P.B., Ikura, M., Inouye, M. Secretion of human superoxide<br />
dismutase in Escherichia coli using the condensed single-protein-production (cSPP)<br />
System. Protein Sci. 2010 19 (12):2330-5.<br />
Zhu, L., Sharp, J.D., Kobayashi, H., Woychik, N.A., Inouye, M. Noncognate<br />
Mycobacterium tuberculosis toxin-antitoxins can physically <strong>and</strong> functionally interact. J.<br />
Biol. Chem. 2010 285(51):39732-8.<br />
Vaiphei, S.T., Tang, Y., Montelione, G.T., Inouye, M. The Use of the Condensed Single<br />
Protein Production System <strong>for</strong> Isotope-Labeled Outer Membrane Proteins, OmpA<br />
17
<strong>and</strong> OmpX in E. coli. Mol. Biotechnol. 2010 47(3):205-10.<br />
Chono, H., Matsumoto, K., Tsuda, H., Saito, N., Lee, K., Kim, S., Shibata, H.,<br />
Ageyama, N., Terao, K., Yasutomi, Y., Mineno, J., Kim, S., Inouye M. <strong>and</strong> Kato I.<br />
Acquisition of HIV-1 Resistance in T Lymphocytes Using an ACA-Specific E.<br />
coli mRNA interferase. Hum. Gene. Ther. <strong>2011</strong> 22(1):35-43.<br />
Tan, Q., Awano, N., Inouye, M. YeeV is an Escherichia coli Toxin that Inhibits<br />
Cell Division by Targeting the Cytoskeleton Proteins, FtsZ <strong>and</strong> MreB. Mol. Micro.<br />
<strong>2011</strong> 79(1):109-18.<br />
Mao, L., Inouye, K., Tao, Y., Montelione, G.T., McDermott, A.E. <strong>and</strong> Inouye, M.<br />
Suppression of phospholipid biosynthesis by cerulenin in the condensed Single-<br />
Protein-Production (cSPP) system. J. Biomol. NMR. <strong>2011</strong> 49(2):131-7.<br />
Zhang, Y.L. <strong>and</strong> Inouye, M. RatA (YfjG), an Escherichia coli toxin, inhibits 70S<br />
ribosome association to block translation initiation. Mol. Microbiol. <strong>2011</strong><br />
79(6):1418-29.<br />
Yu, Z., Brodsky, B., Inouye, M. Dissecting a bacterial collagen domain from<br />
Streptococcus pyogenes: sequence <strong>and</strong> length-dependent variations in triple helix<br />
stability <strong>and</strong> folding. J. Biol. Chem. <strong>2011</strong> 286(21):18960-8.<br />
Park, J.H., Yamaguchi, Y., Inouye, M. Bacillus subtilis MazF-bs (EndoA) is a<br />
UACAU-specific mRNA interferase. FEBS Lett. <strong>2011</strong> 585(15):2526-32.<br />
Yamaguchi, Y. <strong>and</strong> Inouye, M. Regulation of growth <strong>and</strong> death in Escherichia<br />
coli by toxin-antitoxin systems. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. <strong>2011</strong> 9(11):779-90.<br />
Yamaguchi, Y., Park, J.H. <strong>and</strong> Inouye, M. Toxin-antitoxin systems in bacteria <strong>and</strong><br />
archaea. Annu. Rev. Genet. <strong>2011</strong> 45:61-79.<br />
18
Dr. Fang Liu<br />
CABM Resident Faculty Member<br />
Associate Professor<br />
Department of Chemical Biology<br />
Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy<br />
Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory<br />
<strong>for</strong> Cancer Research<br />
Rutgers University<br />
Growth <strong>and</strong> Differentiation Control Laboratory<br />
Dr. Fang Liu obtained her B.S. in biochemistry from Beijing University <strong>and</strong><br />
Ph.D. in biochemistry from Harvard University working with Dr. Michael R.<br />
Green. She conducted postdoctoral research with Dr. Joan Massagué at<br />
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer <strong>Center</strong> <strong>and</strong> joined CABM in 1998. Dr.<br />
Liu has received awards from the American Association <strong>for</strong> Cancer<br />
Research-National Foundation <strong>for</strong> Cancer Research, the Pharmaceutical<br />
Research <strong>and</strong> Manufacturers of America Foundation, the Burroughs<br />
Wellcome Fund, <strong>and</strong> the Sidney Kimmel Foundation <strong>for</strong> Cancer Research.<br />
She also obtained fellowships from the K.C. Wong Education Foundation<br />
<strong>and</strong> the Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund <strong>for</strong> Medical Research.<br />
We study TGF-ß/Smad signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, cell cycle<br />
control <strong>and</strong> their roles in cancer.<br />
TGF-ß regulates a wide variety of biological activities. It induces potent growth<br />
inhibitory responses in normal cells, but promotes migration <strong>and</strong> invasion of cancer<br />
cells. Smads mediate the TGF-ß responses. TGF-ß binding to the cell surface<br />
receptors leads to the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in their carboxyl-terminus as well<br />
as in the proline-rich linker region. The serine/threonine phosphorylation sites in the<br />
linker region are followed by the proline residue. Pin1, a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans<br />
isomerase, recognizes phosphorylated serine/threonine-proline (pS/T-P) motifs. We<br />
show that Smad2/3 interacts with Pin1 in a TGF-ß-dependent manner. We further<br />
show that the phosphorylated threonine 179-proline motif in the Smad3 linker region<br />
is the major binding site <strong>for</strong> Pin1. Although EGF also induces phosphorylation of<br />
threonine 179 <strong>and</strong> other residues in the Smad3 linker region the same as TGF-ß,<br />
Pin1 is unable to bind to the EGF-stimulated Smad3. Further analysis suggests that<br />
phosphorylation of Smad3 in the carboxyl-terminus is necessary <strong>for</strong> the interaction<br />
with Pin1. Depletion of Pin1 by shRNA does not affect significantly TGF-ß-induced<br />
growth-inhibitory responses <strong>and</strong> a number of TGF-ß/Smad target genes analyzed. In<br />
contrast, knockdown of Pin1 in human PC3 prostate cancer cells strongly inhibited<br />
TGF-ß-mediated migration <strong>and</strong> invasion. Accordingly, TGF-ß induction of Ncadherin,<br />
which plays an important role in migration <strong>and</strong> invasion, is markedly<br />
reduced when Pin1 is depleted in PC3 cells. The catalytic activity of Pin1 is essential<br />
<strong>for</strong> TGF-ß-induced migration <strong>and</strong> invasion (see Figure). Since Pin1 is overexpressed<br />
in many cancers, our findings highlight the importance of Pin1 in TGF-ß-induced<br />
migration <strong>and</strong> invasion of cancer cells.<br />
19
Smad3 plays an important role in inhibiting cell proliferation <strong>and</strong> promoting<br />
apoptosis. Human Smad3 is localized near a hot spot mutation area <strong>for</strong> breast<br />
cancer <strong>and</strong> <strong>for</strong> several other types of cancers. We have found that Smad3 levels are<br />
reduced in human primary breast cancer samples <strong>and</strong> in human breast cancer cell<br />
lines. Importantly, Smad3 expression is high in normal breast stem cells but low in<br />
breast cancer stem cells. In addition, our preliminary studies indicate that 7,12dimethylbenz-[a]-anthracene<br />
(DMBA), a chemical carcinogen, induces mammary<br />
tumor <strong>for</strong>mation at a much higher frequency in Smad3 -/- or Smad3 +/- mice than in<br />
Smad3 +/+ mice. Thus, we hypothesize that Smad3 has important tumor suppressor<br />
function <strong>for</strong> breast cancer.<br />
Breast cancer stem cells are CD44 + CD24 -/low . Although CD44 lacks its own<br />
signaling domain, it associates with <strong>and</strong> co-stimulates signaling by a number of<br />
growth factor receptors, such as Her2 <strong>and</strong> EGF receptor 1. CD44 is overexpressed<br />
in the vast majority of breast cancers. CD44 is not just a marker <strong>for</strong> breast cancer<br />
stem cells. It is necessary <strong>for</strong> breast tumor initiation, tumor growth, <strong>and</strong> metastasis.<br />
Knockdown of CD44 greatly reduces tumor-initiating frequency, tumor weight,<br />
<strong>and</strong> colony <strong>for</strong>mation in soft agar assay. Disruption of tumor cell surface CD44<br />
function induces apoptosis in metastatic mammary carcinoma cells in vivo. A<br />
predominant function of CD44 is to promote growth <strong>and</strong> to inhibit apoptosis. The<br />
growth-inhibitory <strong>and</strong> tumor-suppressive functions of p53 depend on its repression<br />
of CD44 expression. Our preliminary studies have discovered that Smad3 potently<br />
represses CD44 transcription in mammary epithelial cells. Thus, we further<br />
hypothesize that Smad3 repression of CD44 expression is essential <strong>for</strong> its tumor<br />
suppressor activity, <strong>and</strong> that Smad3 <strong>and</strong> p53 cooperate to inhibit breast<br />
tumorigenesis. Our research is directed towards testing these hypotheses. Our<br />
findings will be highly significant <strong>for</strong> preventing <strong>and</strong> treating breast cancer.<br />
20
Publications:<br />
Matsuura, I., Chiang, K.-N., Lai, C.-Y., He, D., Wang, G., Ramkumar, R. Uchida, T.,<br />
Ryo, A., Lu, K. P., <strong>and</strong> Liu, F. (2010)Pin1 promotes TGF-ß-induced migration <strong>and</strong><br />
invasion.J. Biol. Chem. 285, 1854-1864.<br />
Sasseville, M., Ritter, L. J., Nguyen, T., Liu, F., Mottershead, D. G., Russell, D. L., <strong>and</strong><br />
Gilchrist, R. B. (2010).Growth differentiation factor 9 signaling requires ERK1/2<br />
activity in mouse granulosa <strong>and</strong> cumulus cells.J. Cell Sci. 123, 3166-3176.<br />
Chang, X., Liu, F., Wang, X., Lin, A., Zhou, H., <strong>and</strong> Su, B. (<strong>2011</strong>) The kinases MEKK2<br />
<strong>and</strong> MEKK3 regulate trans<strong>for</strong>ming growth factor-ß-mediated helper T cell<br />
differentiation. Immunity 34, 201-212.<br />
Liu, F. (<strong>2011</strong>) Inhibition of Smad3 activity by cyclin D-CDK4 <strong>and</strong> cyclin E-CDK2 in<br />
breast cancer cells. Cell Cycle 10, 186.<br />
So, J. Y., Lee, H. J., Smolarek, A. K., Paul, S., Maehr, H., Uskokovic, M., Zheng, X.,<br />
Conney, A., Cai, L., Liu, F., <strong>and</strong> Suh, N. (<strong>2011</strong>) A novel Gemini vitamin D analog<br />
represses the expression of a stem cell marker CD44 in breast cancer. Mol. Pharmacol.<br />
79, 360-367.<br />
Cohen-Solal K. A., Merrigan K. T., Chan, J. L., Goydos, J. S., Chen, W., Foran, D. J.,<br />
Liu, F., Lasfar, A., <strong>and</strong> Reiss, M. (<strong>2011</strong>) Constitutive Smad linker phosphorylation in<br />
melanoma: a mechanism of resistance to trans<strong>for</strong>ming growth factor-β-mediated growth<br />
inhibition. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 24, 512-524.<br />
Dhar-Mascareno, M., Belishov, I., Liu, F., <strong>and</strong> Mascareno, E. J. (<strong>2011</strong>) Hexim-1<br />
modulates <strong>and</strong>rogen receptor <strong>and</strong> the TGFβ signaling during the progression of prostate<br />
cancer. The Prostate in press<br />
21
Dr. Peter Lobel<br />
CABM Resident Faculty Member<br />
Professor<br />
Department of Pharmacology<br />
UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson<br />
Medical School<br />
Dr. David Sleat<br />
Research Associate Professor<br />
Dr. Haiyan Zheng<br />
Principal Research Associate<br />
Dr. Yu Meng<br />
Research Associate<br />
Dr. Istvan Sohar<br />
Research Associate<br />
Ling Huang<br />
Graduate Student<br />
Su Xu<br />
Graduate Fellow<br />
Mukarram El-Banna<br />
Research Teaching Spec.<br />
Dr. Meiqian Qian<br />
Research Teaching Spec.<br />
Protein Targeting Laboratory<br />
Dr. Peter Lobel trained at Columbia University <strong>and</strong> Washington University<br />
in St. Louis <strong>and</strong> joined CABM in 1989. He is currently conducting research<br />
on lysosomes <strong>and</strong> associated human hereditary metabolic diseases. This<br />
work resulted in identification of three disease genes that cause fatal<br />
neurodegenerative disorders. He was a Searle Scholar <strong>and</strong> received the<br />
excellence in research award from the UMDNJ Foundation. Dr. Lobel is the<br />
director of the CABM Mass Spectrometry Core Facility.<br />
.<br />
Our laboratory has developed new methods <strong>for</strong> disease discovery that evolved from<br />
our research on lysosomal enzyme targeting. Lysosomes are membrane-bound,<br />
acidic organelles that are found in all eukaryotic cells. They contain a variety of<br />
different proteases, glycosidases, lipases, phosphatases, nucleases <strong>and</strong> other<br />
hydrolytic enzymes, most of which are delivered to the lysosome by the mannose 6phosphate<br />
targeting system. In this pathway, lysosomal enzymes are recognized as<br />
different from other glycoproteins <strong>and</strong> are selectively phosphorylated on mannose<br />
residues. The mannose 6-phosphate serves as a recognition marker that allows the<br />
enzymes to bind mannose 6-phosphate receptor which ferries the lysosomal enzyme<br />
to the lysosome. In the lysosome, the enzymes function in concert to break down<br />
complex biological macromolecules into simple components. The importance of<br />
these enzymes is underscored by the identification of over thirty lysosomal storage<br />
disorders (e.g., Tay Sach's disease) where loss of a single lysosomal enzyme leads to<br />
severe health problems including neurodegeneration, progressive mental retardation<br />
<strong>and</strong> early death.<br />
Our approach to identify the molecular basis <strong>for</strong> unsolved lysosomal storage<br />
disorders is based on our ability to use mannose 6-phosphate receptor derivatives to<br />
visualize <strong>and</strong> purify mannose 6-phosphate containing lysosomal enzymes. Once we<br />
discover the cause of a given disease, we conduct further research to underst<strong>and</strong> the<br />
underlying system <strong>and</strong> potentially to develop therapeutics. We also investigate the<br />
basic mechanism <strong>for</strong> targeting of lysosomal proteins <strong>and</strong> the composition of the<br />
lysosome.<br />
22
In the prior year, we have made considerable progress investigating late infantile<br />
neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL), a recessive neurodenerative disease of<br />
childhood that is due to deficiencies in the lysosomal protease tripeptidyl-peptidase 1<br />
(TPP1). In one study, we per<strong>for</strong>med mass spectrometric analyses on storage material<br />
<strong>and</strong> lysosomal fractions from an LINCL mouse model. This revealed several<br />
c<strong>and</strong>idates <strong>for</strong> proteins stored in brain. In depth analysis of the most prominent of<br />
these, glial fibrillary acidic protein, revealed that this protein represented a<br />
contaminant that adventitiously associated with storage material <strong>and</strong> lysosomes during<br />
the isolation procedure. We also used the mouse model to explore potential<br />
therapeutic approaches <strong>and</strong> found that intrathecal administration of recombinant<br />
human TPP1 resulted in significant delivery of enzyme to the brain. Importantly, this<br />
treatment prolonged lifespan <strong>and</strong> improved decreased disease symptoms. Finally, in<br />
collaboration with scientists at the University of Missouri <strong>and</strong> BioMarin Therapeutics,<br />
as a step towards the clinic we conducted pilot enzyme replacement studies using an<br />
LINCL dog model.<br />
We are also continuing our investigation of the lysosomal proteome. Following the<br />
principles of de Duve <strong>and</strong> colleagues that lead to the discovery of the lysosome, we<br />
analyzed rat liver subcellular fractions using mass spectrometry to identify <strong>and</strong><br />
determine the distribution of different proteins. This led to the identification of<br />
numerous c<strong>and</strong>idate lysosomal proteins <strong>and</strong> provided further evidence that ABCB6 is<br />
lysosomal <strong>and</strong> that superoxide dismutase 1 has a mixed cytoplasmic-lysosomal<br />
localization.<br />
Percent survival<br />
100<br />
50<br />
0<br />
1.2 mg/animal<br />
0.38 mg/animal<br />
0.12 mg/animal<br />
0.038 mg/animal<br />
vehicle<br />
0 30 60 90 120 150 180<br />
Time (days)<br />
Acute intrathecal administration of recombinant human TPP1 extends lifespan of a<br />
LINCL mouse model. Animals were administered the indicated dose of TPP1 at the<br />
age of 28-30 days <strong>and</strong> then followed <strong>for</strong> survival.<br />
Jennifer Wiseman<br />
Research Teaching Spec.<br />
Caifeng Zhao<br />
Research Teaching Spec.<br />
23
Publications:<br />
Della Valle, M. C., Sleat, D. E., Zheng, H., Moore, D. F., Jadot, M. <strong>and</strong> Lobel, P.<br />
Classification of subcellular location by comparative proteomic analysis of native<br />
<strong>and</strong> density-shifted lysosomes. Mol.Cell. Proteomics. <strong>2011</strong> 10, M110 006403.<br />
Qian, Y., Lee, I., Lee, W. S., Qian, M., Kudo, M., Canfield, W. M., Lobel, P. <strong>and</strong><br />
Kornfeld, S. Functions of the alpha, beta, <strong>and</strong> gamma subunits of UDP-<br />
GlcNAc:lysosomal enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase. J. Biol.<br />
Chem. 2010 285: 3360-3370.<br />
Vuillemenot, B. R., Katz, M. L., Coates, J. R., Kennedy, D., Tiger, P., Kanazono, S.,<br />
Lobel, P., Sohar, I., Xu, S., Cahayag, R., Keve, S., Koren, E., Bunting, S., Tsuruda,<br />
L. S. <strong>and</strong> O'Neill, C. A. Intrathecal tripeptidyl-peptidase 1 reduces lysosomal storage<br />
in a canine model of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Mol. Genet. Metab.<br />
<strong>2011</strong> 104: 325-337.<br />
Xu, S., Sleat, D. E., Jadot, M. <strong>and</strong> Lobel, P. Glial fibrillary acidic protein is elevated<br />
in the lysosomal storage disease classical late-infantile neuronal ceroid<br />
lipofuscinosis, but is not a component of the storage material. Biochem. J. 2010 428:<br />
355-362.<br />
Xu, S., Wang, L., El-Banna, M., Sohar, I., Sleat, D. E. <strong>and</strong> Lobel, P. Large-volume<br />
intrathecal enzyme delivery increases survival of a mouse model of late infantile<br />
neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Mol Ther. <strong>2011</strong> 19: 1842-1848<br />
24
Dr. James Millonig<br />
CABM Resident Faculty Member<br />
Associate Professor<br />
Department of Neuroscience <strong>and</strong><br />
Cell Biology<br />
UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson<br />
Medical School<br />
Adjunct Assistant Professor<br />
Department of Genetics<br />
Rutgers University<br />
Dr. Paul Matteson<br />
Research Associate<br />
Anna Dulencin<br />
Graduate Fellow<br />
Myka Ababon<br />
Graduate Student<br />
Ji Yeon Choi<br />
Graduate Student<br />
Silky Kamdar<br />
Graduate Student<br />
Bo Li<br />
Graduate Student<br />
Mai Soliman<br />
Graduate Student<br />
Developmental Neurogenetics Laboratory<br />
Dr. James H. Millonig came to CABM in September 1999 from the Rockefeller<br />
University where he was a postdoctoral fellow in the laboratory of Dr. Mary<br />
E. Hatten. His postdoctoral research combined neurobiology <strong>and</strong> mouse<br />
genetics to characterize <strong>and</strong> clone the dreher mouse locus. He did his doctoral<br />
research at Princeton University with Dr. Shirley M. Tilghman. Dr. Millonig<br />
is a recipient of the March of Dimes Basil O’Connor Starter Research Award<br />
<strong>and</strong> grants from the National Institutes of Health, Department of Defense,<br />
National Alliance <strong>for</strong> Research on Schizophrenia <strong>and</strong> Depression, Autism<br />
Speaks, National Alliance <strong>for</strong> Autism Research, N.J. Governor’s Council on<br />
Autism <strong>and</strong> New Jersey Commission on Spinal Cord Research. He is director<br />
of the RU/Princeton/RWJMS M.D./Ph.D. program.<br />
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)<br />
Individuals diagnosed with ASD exhibit deficiencies in communication <strong>and</strong> reciprocal<br />
social interactions that are accompanied by rigid or repetitive interests <strong>and</strong> behaviors.<br />
ASD is considered to be a neurodevelopmental disorder that has a polygenic basis.<br />
Increased risk <strong>for</strong> the disorder is believed to be due to multiple genes interacting with each<br />
other as well as environmental factors.<br />
Risk <strong>for</strong> ASD is likely due to both genetic <strong>and</strong> non-genetic environmental factors, with<br />
epigenetic regulation of genes providing a possible interface between genetic <strong>and</strong><br />
environmental factors. Our previous research has focused on the homeobox transcription<br />
factor, ENGRAILED 2 (EN2). The common alleles (underlined) of two intronic EN2 SNPs,<br />
rs1861972 (A/G) <strong>and</strong> rs1861973 (C/T), are significantly associated with ASD (518<br />
families, P=.00000035). Subsequent association, LD mapping, <strong>and</strong> re-sequencing<br />
identified the associated rs1861972-rs1861973 as the most suitable c<strong>and</strong>idate to test <strong>for</strong><br />
function.<br />
Function was then tested in primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells since endogenous<br />
En2 is expressed at high levels in these cells. Luciferase assays demonstrated that the A-C<br />
haplotype results in an ~250% increase in expression. Additional analysis determined that<br />
both associated alleles are sufficient <strong>and</strong> necessary <strong>for</strong> this activator function. EMSAs<br />
revealed that nuclear factors specifically bind the A-C haplotype. An unbiased proteomic<br />
screen identified two transcription factors, Cux1 <strong>and</strong> NfiB, that bind significantly better to<br />
the A-C haplotype. Knock-down, over-expression, ChIP <strong>and</strong> EMSA supershift analysis<br />
demonstrated that both transcription factors bind the A-C haplotype at the same time <strong>and</strong><br />
are required <strong>for</strong> activator function. These studies determined that the ASD-associated A-C<br />
haplotype functions as a transcriptional activator.<br />
25
We then investigated if EN2 levels are increased in individuals with autism. Ninety<br />
cerebellar samples were acquired <strong>and</strong> Taqman QRTPCR measured normalized EN2<br />
mRNA levels. A significant increase was observed in affected individuals with an A-C<br />
haplotype compared to controls (74% increase, P=0.0005). Thus the A-C haplotype is<br />
also correlated with increased EN2 levels in individuals with ASD.<br />
Because ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder, we generated transgenic mice. EN2 was<br />
replaced with a DsRed, reporter <strong>and</strong> 25kb of evolutionarily conserved sequence was<br />
used to drive expression of the transgene. 6 A-C <strong>and</strong> 8 G-T lines were generated.<br />
QRTPCR measured Ds-Red levels <strong>for</strong> all the lines at 5 developmental time points (E9.5,<br />
E12.5, E17.5, P6 <strong>and</strong> adult). At all stages the A-C haplotype results in increased<br />
expression (P
We have mapped 5 different vl modifier loci on these different genetic<br />
backgrounds (Modifiers of vacuolated lens, Modvl 1-5, LOD 3.7-5.0)(Matteson<br />
et al., 2008; Korstanje et al., 2008).<br />
To identify the genes in the Modvl 95% CIs that may contribute to these<br />
modifying effects, transcripts co-expressed with Gpr161 during development<br />
were identified by bioin<strong>for</strong>matic analysis. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis<br />
indicates the Wnt <strong>and</strong> EMT pathways are over-represented (P
Publications:<br />
Figure 1. A) Luc assays demonstrate 50% increase in A-C haplotype<br />
after 1 day in vitro (left), <strong>and</strong> ~250% increase after 3 days in vitro in P6<br />
mouse granule cells (right). B) Luc assays demonstrate that a 200bp<br />
fragment encompassing both SNPs is sufficient <strong>for</strong> activator function<br />
(left), while analysis of the rare haplotypes (A-T <strong>and</strong> G-C) determined<br />
that both associated alleles are necessary (right) <strong>for</strong> function. C)<br />
EMSAs with P6 mouse granule cell nuclear extract demonstrate<br />
nuclear factors (arrow) bind better to A-C than G-T haplotype. D)<br />
Knockdown of both Cux1 <strong>and</strong> NfIB demonstrate that both factors are<br />
required <strong>for</strong> endogenous EN2 expression in HEK-293T cells (n=3).<br />
Choi J, Matteson PG, Millonig JH. <strong>2011</strong> Cut-like homeobox1 <strong>and</strong> Nuclear factor I/B<br />
mediate ENGRAILED2 Autism Spectrum Disorder-associated haplotype function. Human<br />
Molecular Genetics. EPub 12/12/11<br />
Choi J, Kamdar S, Rahman T, Matteson PG, Millonig JH. (<strong>2011</strong>). ENGRAILED 2 (EN2)<br />
genetic <strong>and</strong> functional analysis. Autism Spectrum Disorders - From Genes to Environment,<br />
edited by<br />
Tim Williams<br />
Deng Q, Andersson E, Hedlund E, Alekseenko Z, Coppola E, Panman L, Millonig JH,<br />
Brunet J-F, Ericson J. Specific <strong>and</strong> Integrated Roles of Lmx1a, Lmx1b <strong>and</strong> Phox2a in<br />
Ventral Midbrain. Development <strong>2011</strong> 138:3399-408<br />
28
Dr. Arnold Rabson<br />
Director<br />
Child Health Institute of New Jersey<br />
Professor<br />
Department of Molecular Genetics,<br />
Microbiology <strong>and</strong> Immunology<br />
Department of Pathology <strong>and</strong><br />
Laboratory Medicine<br />
Department of Pediatrics<br />
UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson<br />
Medical School<br />
Dr. Celine Granier<br />
Postdoctoral Fellow<br />
Dr. Hsin-Ching Lin<br />
Research Scientist<br />
Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory<br />
Dr. Rabson’s laboratory studies the molecular basis of cancer <strong>and</strong> human<br />
retroviral infections. His recent research activities are focused in two major<br />
areas: 1) the mechanisms responsible <strong>for</strong> the pathogenesis of retroviral<br />
infections, particularly infection with the human T-cell leukemia virus<br />
(HTLV-1), <strong>and</strong> 2) the roles of cellular transcriptional regulation in<br />
development <strong>and</strong> in human cancer.<br />
It is estimated that over 20 million people are infected by HTLV-1, the first<br />
identified human retrovirus, <strong>and</strong> 2-5% of them are likely to develop a serious<br />
HTLV-1-associated disease. Dr. Rabson is studying the differential mechanisms<br />
by which HTLV-1 causes an aggressive <strong>and</strong> fatal T cell leukemia/lymphoma<br />
(Adult T-Cell Leukemia, ATL) in some infected individuals <strong>and</strong> a series of<br />
immunological disorders including a neurological disease of the spinal cord<br />
(HTLV-associated Myelopathy, HAM/TSP) in other infected people. These<br />
disorders occur in only a minority of patients, years after initial infection. This<br />
suggests that there are important interactions between the virus <strong>and</strong> the host that<br />
determine its pathogenicity. Furthermore, a strong host immune response against<br />
HTLV-1 gene products favors the establishment of latent infection in vivo.<br />
Nonetheless, expression of HTLV-1 gene products, particularly the Tax<br />
transactivator, is required <strong>for</strong> disease development. The Rabson laboratory has<br />
identified <strong>and</strong> characterized the mechanisms by which the expression of HTLV-1<br />
can be activated in infected human T-lymphocytes leading ultimately to disease<br />
pathogenesis. They have shown that stimulation through the T-cell receptor can<br />
potently induce HTLV-1 gene expression, including the expression of Tax,<br />
leading to T cell immortalization. They have recently confirmed this in a mouse<br />
model of HTLV-1 latency <strong>and</strong> gene expression. T cell receptor stimulation of<br />
CD4+ cells in a Tax transgenic mouse leads to increased T cell proliferation <strong>and</strong><br />
long-lived survival (>13 months). Thus, activation of latently infected T cells in<br />
HTLV-1-infected individuals may induce expression of Tax, ultimately leading to<br />
proliferation of subsets of cells, based on specific T cell receptor-lig<strong>and</strong><br />
interactions. This could explain the progressive polyclonal to oligoclonal<br />
proliferation to ultimately monoclonal proliferation of infected T-cells that<br />
characterizes HTLV-1-associated diseases.<br />
29
Another important feature of HTLV-1-infected T cells expressing the Tax<br />
transactivator is the production of multiple cytokines. The Rabson laboratory has<br />
shown that Tax-expressing CD4+ T cells fail to properly “bias”, i.e. fail to<br />
differentiate into specific T helper subtypes, such as Th1, Th2, Th17 <strong>and</strong> Treg cells.<br />
Instead, the Tax-expressing cells express cytokines characteristic of all of these<br />
different cells, suggesting a “confused” phenotype that may in turn lead to immune<br />
dysregulation with the potential <strong>for</strong> both opportunistic infections <strong>and</strong> autoimmunelike<br />
diseases.<br />
The second major area of study in Dr. Rabson’s laboratory continues to be the<br />
roles of transcriptional regulation in the pathogenesis of human cancer. In<br />
collaboration with Drs. Ruth Steward (Waksman Institute), Dale Schaar (CINJ),<br />
<strong>and</strong> Hatem Sabaawy (CINJ), the Rabson lab is investigating the functions of<br />
PDCD2, a highly conserved nuclear <strong>and</strong> cytoplasmic protein, the mutation of<br />
which disrupts hematopoiesis in Drosophila (Drs. Steward <strong>and</strong> Minakhina). The<br />
Rabson lab has shown high levels of expression of this enigmatic protein in very<br />
early developing embryos <strong>and</strong> is currently per<strong>for</strong>ming mouse genetic experiments<br />
<strong>and</strong> transcriptional studies to determine its function. Dr. Rabson has also<br />
continued collaborations with Dr. Roger Strair at CINJ on the potential utility of<br />
NF-κB inhibition in leukemia therapy. A clinical trial, examining the effects of<br />
NF-κB inhibition, as part of induction chemotherapy, on the molecular phenotype<br />
of Acute Myeloid Leukemia is in the late stages of development <strong>and</strong> is a follow-up<br />
to a published trial showing the feasibility of inhibiting NF-κB in patients.<br />
Differentiated mouse embryonic stem cells<br />
30
Publications:<br />
Zheng, X., Cui, X.X., Gao, Z., Zhao, Y., Lin, Y., Shi, W.J., Huang, M.T., Liu, Y.,<br />
Rabson, A., Reddy, B., Yang, C.S., <strong>and</strong> Conney, A.H. Atorvastatin <strong>and</strong> celecoxib in<br />
combination inhibits the progression of <strong>and</strong>rogen-dependent LNCaP xenograft prostate<br />
tumors to <strong>and</strong>rogen independence. Cancer Prev. Res. 2010 3:114-24.<br />
Rabson, A.B. Trisomy 21 leukemias: Finding the hits that matter. Oncogene 2010<br />
29:6099-101.<br />
Swaims, A.Y., Khani, F, Zhang, Y., Roberts, A.I., Devadas, S., Shi, Y.*, <strong>and</strong> Rabson,<br />
A.B.* Immune activation induces immortalization of HTLV-1 LTR-Tax transgenic CD4 +<br />
T-cells. Blood 2010 116(16):2994-3003.<br />
Chen, Y., Rabson, A.B., <strong>and</strong> Gorski, D.H. MEOX2 regulates nuclear factor-κB activity in<br />
vascular endothelial cells through interactions with p65 <strong>and</strong> IκBβ. Cardiovasc Res. 2010<br />
87:723-31.<br />
Chen, Y., B<strong>and</strong>a, M., Speyer, C.L., Smith, J.S., Rabson, A.B. <strong>and</strong> Gorski, D.H.<br />
Regulation of the expression <strong>and</strong> activity of the antiangiogenic homeobox gene,<br />
GAX/MEOX2, by ZEB2 <strong>and</strong> microRNA-221. Mol. Cell Biol. 2010 30:3902-13.<br />
Fu, J., Qu, Z., Yan, P., Ishikawa, C., Mori, N., Aqeilan, R.I., Rabson, A.B. <strong>and</strong> Xiao, G.<br />
The tumor suppressor gene WWOX links the canonical <strong>and</strong> non-canonical NF-κB<br />
pathways in HTLV-1 Tax-mediated tumorigenesis. Blood <strong>2011</strong> 117:1652-61.<br />
De Lorenzo, M.S., Baljinnyam, E., Vatner, DE, Abarzua, P., Vatner S.F., <strong>and</strong> Rabson,<br />
A.B. Caloric Restriction reduces mammary tumor growth <strong>and</strong> metastasis. Carcinogenesis<br />
<strong>2011</strong> 32:1381-7.<br />
31
Dr. Aaron J. Shatkin<br />
Director of CABM<br />
Professor<br />
Department of Molecular<br />
Genetics, Microbiology <strong>and</strong><br />
Immunology<br />
UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson<br />
Medical School<br />
University Professor<br />
of Molecular Biology<br />
Rutgers University<br />
Dr. Weihua Qiu<br />
Research Associate<br />
Molecular Virology Laboratory<br />
Dr. Aaron J. Shatkin, a member of the National Academy of Sciences, has held<br />
research positions at the National Institutes of Health, The Salk Institute, <strong>and</strong> the<br />
Roche Institute of Molecular Biology. He has taught at Georgetown University<br />
Medical School, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, The Rockefeller University,<br />
UMDNJ-Newark Medical School, University of Puerto Rico, Princeton University <strong>and</strong><br />
other institutions. Shatkin was editor of the Journal of Virology from 1973-1977,<br />
founding editor-in-chief of Molecular <strong>and</strong> Cellular Biology from 1980-1990 <strong>and</strong> is<br />
currently editor of Advances in Virus Research. He has also served on the advisory<br />
boards of a number of organizations. In 1989 he was recognized by New Jersey<br />
Monthly magazine with a New Jersey Pride Award <strong>for</strong> his contributions to the State’s<br />
economic development. In 1991 the State of N.J. awarded Shatkin the Thomas Alva<br />
Edison Science Award, <strong>and</strong> he was selected as one of New Jersey’s top ten scientists<br />
by N.J. Business magazine. He was elected Fellow of the American Academy of Arts<br />
<strong>and</strong> Sciences in 1997 <strong>and</strong> the American Association <strong>for</strong> the Advancement of Science in<br />
1999. Shatkin received the 1977 National Academy of Sciences Molecular Biology<br />
Award, the 2003 Association of American Medical Colleges Award <strong>for</strong> Distinguished<br />
Research in the Biomedical Sciences, the Edward J. Ill Outst<strong>and</strong>ing Medical Research<br />
Scientist Award <strong>and</strong> from Robert Wood Johnson Medical School the R.W. Schlesinger<br />
Basic Science Mentoring Award in 2009 <strong>and</strong> the Honorary Alumnus Award in <strong>2011</strong>.<br />
mRNA 5'-capping<br />
One of the earliest steps in the cascade of events necessary <strong>for</strong> mRNA <strong>for</strong>mation <strong>and</strong><br />
function is the addition of a 5'-terminal m7GpppN "cap" to nascent RNA Polymerase<br />
II transcripts. This structural hallmark is present on most eukaryotic cellular as well<br />
as viral mR2NAs <strong>and</strong> is essential <strong>for</strong> viability. The presence of a cap enhances several<br />
downstream events in cellular gene expression including RNA stability, splicing of<br />
pre-mRNAs in the nucleus <strong>and</strong> initiation of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. These<br />
important effects have fostered many studies that defined the enzymatic mechanisms<br />
of capping. We have cloned <strong>and</strong> sequenced the mouse <strong>and</strong> human capping enzymes<br />
(CEs, ~98% identical) <strong>and</strong> mapped the human protein to 6q16, a region implicated in<br />
tumor suppression. The 597-amino acid, 68kD mammalian polypeptides consist of<br />
two functional domains --N-terminal RNA 5' triphosphatase (RTase) <strong>and</strong> C-terminal<br />
guanylyltransferase (GTase). Mutational, biochemical <strong>and</strong> genetic analyses<br />
demonstrated that the GTase active site is a lysine in the sequence 294 Lys-X-Asp-<br />
Gly 297, one of several highly conserved motifs characteristic of a<br />
nucleotidyltransferase superfamily of proteins that includes other cellular <strong>and</strong> viral<br />
CEs. A haploid deletion strain of S. cerevisiae missing the guanylyltransferase<br />
enzyme was complemented <strong>for</strong> growth by the mouse wild type cDNA clone despite<br />
only ~25% sequence identity. However, a mouse clone containing alanine in place of<br />
lysine in the KXDG motif did not complement. The results demonstrated the<br />
functional conservation of CEs from yeast to mammals.<br />
We found that mammalian capping enzyme binds via its GTase region to the<br />
hyperphosphorylated C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA<br />
32
polymerase II, facilitating the selective capping of pre-mRNAs. Similarly, the full<br />
length <strong>and</strong> C-terminal domain of CE were<br />
localized to the nucleus in transfected cells <strong>and</strong> also bound poly (U) in vitro,<br />
suggesting that the C-terminal domain of CE can bind nascent transcript 5' termini<br />
<strong>for</strong> capping directly. The CE N-terminal RNA 5'-triphosphatase (amino acids 1-<br />
237) contains the sequence VHCTHGFNRTG which corresponds to the<br />
conserved active-site motif in protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Mutational<br />
analyses identified the Cys <strong>and</strong> Arg residues in this motif <strong>and</strong> an upstream<br />
aspartate as required <strong>for</strong> triphosphatase activity. These <strong>and</strong> other results indicate<br />
that removal of phosphate from RNA 5' ends <strong>and</strong> from modified tyrosine residues<br />
in proteins occurs by a similar mechanism.<br />
We also cloned <strong>and</strong> characterized the third essential enzyme <strong>for</strong> mRNA 5'capping,<br />
human mRNA (guanine-7-) methyltransferase (MTase). It mapped to<br />
18p11.22-p11.23, a region encoding brain transcripts that have been suggested as<br />
positional c<strong>and</strong>idates <strong>for</strong> susceptibility to bipolar disorder. Sequence alignment of<br />
the 476-amino acid MTase protein within the corresponding yeast, C. elegans <strong>and</strong><br />
Drosophila enzymes demonstrated several required, conserved motifs including<br />
one <strong>for</strong> binding S-adenosylmethionine. MTase bound to human CE <strong>and</strong> also<br />
<strong>for</strong>med ternary complexes with the elongating <strong>for</strong>m of RNA polymerase II. To<br />
identify other proteins that interact with CEs, we used a yeast two-hybrid system<br />
to screen a human fetal brain cDNA library with full length human CE <strong>and</strong><br />
isolated transcription elongation factor SPT5. It bound to CE <strong>and</strong> stimulated RNA<br />
guanylylation but not the triphosphatase step of capping. Purified,<br />
hyperphosphorylated CTD similarly stimulated RNA guanylylation in vitro, but<br />
the effects of P-CTD <strong>and</strong> SPT5 were not additive, suggesting a common or<br />
overlapping binding site on CE. By using two-hybrid, GST-pulldown <strong>and</strong> coimmunoprecipitation<br />
approaches, we also found that MTase interacts with the<br />
nuclear transporter, importin-α (Impα). MTase selectively bound <strong>and</strong> methylated<br />
RNA containing 5'-terminal GpppG, <strong>and</strong> both activities were stimulated severalfold<br />
by Impα. MTase/RNA/Impα complexes were dissociated by addition of<br />
Impβ which also blocked Impα stimulation of RNA cap methylation. RanGTP but<br />
not RanGDP prevented these effects of Impβ. The results suggested that, in<br />
addition to a linkage between capping <strong>and</strong> transcription, mRNA biogenesis <strong>and</strong><br />
nucleocytoplasmic transport are functionally connected.<br />
A general model of capping: RNA Polymerase II containing hypophosphorylated<br />
CTD initiates transcription, produces 20-25 nucleotide 5'-triphosphorylated<br />
transcripts <strong>and</strong> pauses with SPT5 bound as part of a large transcription complex.<br />
Serine 5 residues in the heptad repeats that comprise the CTD <strong>and</strong> SPT5 are<br />
phosphorylated by transcription factor TFIIH, changing the CTD con<strong>for</strong>mation to<br />
allow CE binding. The 5’ end of the ~25 nucleotide nascent transcript is capped<br />
as it becomes exposed at the surface of the polymerase complex, stimulated by<br />
SPT5 as well as by the hyperphosphorylated CTD (P-CTD). MTase binds to CE<br />
(mammals) or to P-CTD (yeast). Impα stimulates MTase binding <strong>and</strong> N7 guanine<br />
methylation. After phosphorylation of SPT5 <strong>and</strong> RNA Polymerase II on CTD<br />
33
serine 2 residues by pTEF-b, polymerase bound complexes of factor DSIF <strong>and</strong><br />
negative elongation factor (NELF) dissociate <strong>and</strong> processive elongation ensues. In<br />
an ef<strong>for</strong>t to decipher how the critically important human GTase works, we<br />
determined that the minimum enzymatically active domain resides in CE residues<br />
229-567. The<br />
expressed <strong>and</strong> purified active fragment was crystallized <strong>and</strong> the structure<br />
determined by X-ray crystallography. Seven related con<strong>for</strong>mational states were<br />
obtained in the crystal. Position differences of the oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide<br />
(OB) binding fold lid domain over the conserved GTP binding site in the seven<br />
structures provided snapshots of the opening <strong>and</strong> closing of the active site cleft<br />
via a swivel motion. While the GTP binding site is structurally <strong>and</strong> evolutionarily<br />
conserved, the overall GTase mechanism in mammalian <strong>and</strong> yeast systems differs<br />
somewhat. Experiments are underway to crystallize complexes of human GTase<br />
with CTD <strong>and</strong> RNA as well as GTP. Protein engineering is being applied in an<br />
ef<strong>for</strong>t to crystallize the full length human CE.<br />
Publications:<br />
Structure of the GTase domain of<br />
human CE consisting of the base,<br />
hinge <strong>and</strong> flexible lid. The<br />
predicted single-str<strong>and</strong>ed RNA<br />
binding track, marked by sulfate<br />
ions incorporated from the<br />
crystallization solution, lies in a<br />
positively charged cleft below the<br />
lid <strong>and</strong> close to modeled GMP with<br />
phosphoamide linkage to K294 of<br />
the conserved KXDG active site<br />
sequence near the center of the<br />
structure. Also shown is the<br />
predicted CTD binding site<br />
modeled based on the structure of a<br />
mouse homolog complex (Ghosh et<br />
al. <strong>2011</strong> Mol. Cell 43: 299-310).<br />
Blue to red correlates with<br />
increasing flexibility.<br />
Chu, C., Das, K., Tyminski, J.R., Bauman, J.D., Guan, R., Qiu, W., Montelione,<br />
G.T., Arnold, E., <strong>and</strong> Shatkin, A.J. Structure of the guanylyltransferase domain of<br />
human mRNA capping enzyme. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. <strong>2011</strong> 108:10104-8.<br />
Topisirovic, I., Svitkin, Y., Sonenberg, N., <strong>and</strong> Shatkin, A.J. Cap <strong>and</strong> cap-binding<br />
proteins in the control of gene expression. Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA. <strong>2011</strong><br />
2(2):277-98.<br />
34
Dr. Mengqing Xiang<br />
CABM Resident Faculty Member<br />
Professor<br />
Department of Pediatrics<br />
UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson<br />
Medical School<br />
Dr. Kangxin Jin<br />
Postdoctoral Associate<br />
Dr. Shengguo Li<br />
Research Teaching Spec.<br />
Dr. Huijun Luo<br />
Research Teaching Spec.<br />
Dr. Kamana Misra<br />
Research Teaching Spec.<br />
Min Zou<br />
Graduate Student<br />
Molecular Neurodevelopment Laboratory<br />
Dr. Mengqing Xiang came to CABM in September 1996 from the Johns<br />
Hopkins University School of Medicine where he conducted postdoctoral<br />
studies with Dr. Jeremy Nathans. He earned his Ph.D. at the University of<br />
Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer <strong>Center</strong> <strong>and</strong> has received a number of honors<br />
including a China-U.S. Government Graduate Study Fellowship, a Howard<br />
Hughes Medical Institute Postdoctoral Fellowship, a Basil O’Connor Starter<br />
Scholar Research Award <strong>and</strong> a Sinsheimer Scholar Award. In 2003 he<br />
received the Award in Auditory Science from the National Organization <strong>for</strong><br />
Hearing Research Foundation. His work is currently supported by NIH.<br />
Our laboratory investigates the molecular mechanisms that govern the determination<br />
<strong>and</strong> differentiation of the highly specialized sensory cells <strong>and</strong> neurons. We employ a<br />
variety of molecular genetic approaches to identify <strong>and</strong> study transcription <strong>and</strong> other<br />
regulatory factors that are required <strong>for</strong> programming development of the retina, inner<br />
ear, spinal cord, <strong>and</strong> other CNS areas. A major focus of our work is to develop<br />
animal models to study the roles of these regulatory genes during normal<br />
sensorineural development, as well as to elucidate how mutations in these genes<br />
cause sensorineural disorders such as blindness <strong>and</strong> deafness.<br />
Generation of a transgenic line <strong>for</strong> studying V2 neuronal lineages <strong>and</strong> functions<br />
in the spinal cord. During spinal neurogenesis, the p2 progenitor domain generates<br />
at least three subclasses of interneurons named V2a, V2b <strong>and</strong> V2c, which are crucial<br />
components of the locomotor central pattern generator. We have previously shown<br />
that the winged-helix/<strong>for</strong>khead transcription factor Foxn4 is expressed in a subset of<br />
p2 progenitors <strong>and</strong> required <strong>for</strong> specifying V2b interneurons. To determine the cell<br />
lineages derived from Foxn4-expressing progenitors, we generated a Foxn4-Cre<br />
BAC transgenic mouse line that drives Cre recombinase expression, mimicking<br />
endogenous Foxn4 expression pattern in the developing spinal cord. We used this<br />
transgenic line to map neuronal lineages derived from Foxn4-expressing progenitors<br />
<strong>and</strong> found that they gave rise to all neurons of the V2a, V2b as well as the newly<br />
identified V2c lineages. These data suggest that Foxn4 may be transiently expressed<br />
by all p2 progenitors <strong>and</strong> that the Foxn4-Cre line may serve as a useful genetic tool<br />
not only <strong>for</strong> lineage analysis but also <strong>for</strong> functional studies of genes <strong>and</strong> neurons<br />
involved in locomotion.<br />
35
Diverse developmental roles of Foxn4. In our previous studies, we have shown that<br />
Foxn4 is transiently expressed in a subset of progenitors during retinogenesis <strong>and</strong><br />
spinal neurogenesis. Targeted inactivation <strong>and</strong> gain-of-function analyses have<br />
revealed an essential function of Foxn4 in the generation of amacrine <strong>and</strong> horizontal<br />
cells during retinal development as well as in specifying the V2b interneurons during<br />
spinal cord development. In collaboration with Drs. Stavros Malas (University of<br />
Cyprus) <strong>and</strong> William Richardson (University College London), we have now used<br />
genetic fate mapping <strong>and</strong> loss-of-function analysis to show that the transcription<br />
factor Sox1 is expressed in <strong>and</strong> required <strong>for</strong> a third type of p2-derived interneuron,<br />
which we named V2c. These are close relatives of V2b interneurons, <strong>and</strong>, in the<br />
absence of Sox1, they switch to the V2b fate. The absence of Foxn4 results in a<br />
complete loss of Sox1-expressing V2c neurons, indicating that Foxn4 is necessary <strong>for</strong><br />
specifying not only V2b but also V2c interneuron subtypes. In another collaboration<br />
with Dr. Jeffrey Goldberg (University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine), we<br />
observed a developmental delay in the distribution of RGC (retinal ganglion cell)<br />
projections to the superior colliculus. Moreover, RGC axons failed to penetrate into<br />
the retinorecipient layers in Foxn4 mutant mice. Foxn4 was not expressed by RGCs<br />
<strong>and</strong> was undetectable in the superior colliculus itself. Thus, Foxn4 may be indirectly<br />
required <strong>for</strong> RGC distal axon patterning. Aside from its neural expression, we have<br />
also shown that during murine lung development Foxn4 is expressed in proximal<br />
airways by a subpopulation of postmitotic epithelial cells which are distinct from<br />
basal <strong>and</strong> ciliated cells. Foxn4 inactivation causes dilated alveoli, thinned alveolar<br />
walls <strong>and</strong> reduced septa in the distal lung but no overt gross alterations in proximal<br />
airways, suggesting that Foxn4 may have a non-cell-autonomous role critical <strong>for</strong><br />
alveologenesis during lung development. Together, our data suggest that Foxn4 may<br />
play multiple cell-autonomous <strong>and</strong> non-cell-autonomous roles during epithelial cell<br />
development.<br />
Brn3a regulates dorsal root ganglion sensory neuron specification <strong>and</strong> axonal<br />
projection into the spinal cord. The sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia<br />
(DRG) must project accurately to their central targets to convey proprioceptive,<br />
nociceptive <strong>and</strong> mechanoreceptive in<strong>for</strong>mation to the spinal cord. How these different<br />
sensory modalities <strong>and</strong> central connectivities are specified <strong>and</strong> coordinated still<br />
remains unclear. Given the expression of the POU homeodomain transcription factors<br />
Brn3a <strong>and</strong> Brn3b in DRG <strong>and</strong> spinal cord sensory neurons, we analyzed subtype<br />
specification of DRG <strong>and</strong> spinal cord sensory neurons as well as DRG central<br />
projections in Brn3a <strong>and</strong> Brn3b single <strong>and</strong> double mutant mice. Inactivation of either<br />
or both genes causes no gross abnormalities in early spinal cord neurogenesis;<br />
however, in Brn3a single <strong>and</strong> Brn3a;Brn3b double mutant mice, sensory afferent<br />
axons from the DRG fail to <strong>for</strong>m normal trajectories in the spinal cord. The TrkA +<br />
cutaneous nociceptive afferents stay outside the dorsal horn <strong>and</strong> fail to extend into the<br />
spinal cord, while the projections of TrkC + proprioceptive afferents into the ventral<br />
horn are also impaired. Moreover, Brn3a mutant DRGs are defective in sensory<br />
neuron specification, as marked by the excessive generation of TrkB + <strong>and</strong> TrkC +<br />
neurons as well as TrkA + /TrkB + <strong>and</strong> TrkA + /TrkC + double positive cells at early<br />
embryonic stages. At later stages in the mutant, TrkB + , TrkC + <strong>and</strong> parvalbumin +<br />
36
neurons diminish while there is a significant increase of GRP + <strong>and</strong> c-ret + neurons.<br />
In addition, Brn3a mutant DRGs display a dramatic down-regulation of Runx1<br />
expression, suggesting that the regulation of DRG sensory neuron specification by<br />
Brn3a is mediated in part by Runx1. Our data together demonstrate a critical role <strong>for</strong><br />
Brn3a in generating DRG sensory neuron diversity <strong>and</strong> regulating sensory afferent<br />
projections to the central targets.<br />
Altered TrkA + <strong>and</strong> TrkC + central afferent projection patterns in Brn3a mutant<br />
spinal cords at E12.5. The bundles of TrkA + <strong>and</strong> TrkC + afferent fibers are detected<br />
by immunostaining from lateral to medial regions of the dorsal horn edge in Brn3a +/-<br />
spinal cords at E12.5. In Brn3a -/- spinal cords, TrkA + <strong>and</strong> TrkC + fibers are narrowly<br />
located in a much smaller region, <strong>and</strong> extensively overlap with each other.<br />
Publications:<br />
Jin, K., Jiang, H., Mo, Z., <strong>and</strong> Xiang, M. Early B-cell factors are required <strong>for</strong> specifying<br />
multiple retinal cell types <strong>and</strong> subtypes from postmitotic precursors. J. Neurosci. 2010<br />
30:11902-11916.<br />
Panayi, H., Or<strong>for</strong>d, M., Panayiotou, E., Genethliou, N., Mean, R., Lapathitis, G., Li, S.,<br />
Xiang, M., Kessaris, N., Richardson, W., <strong>and</strong> Malas, S. SOX1 is required <strong>for</strong> the<br />
specification of a novel p2-derived interneuron subtype in the mouse ventral spinal cord. J.<br />
Neurosci. 2010 30:12274-12280.<br />
Li, S., Misra, K., <strong>and</strong> Xiang, M. A Cre transgenic line <strong>for</strong> studying V2 neuronal lineages<br />
<strong>and</strong> functions in the spinal cord. Genesis 2010 48:667–672.<br />
Li, S. <strong>and</strong> Xiang, M. Foxn4 influences alveologenesis during lung development. Dev.<br />
Dyn. <strong>2011</strong> 240:1512-1517.<br />
37
Kunzevitzky, N. J., Almeida, M. V., Duan, Y., Li, S., Xiang, M., <strong>and</strong> Goldberg, J. L.<br />
Foxn4 is required <strong>for</strong> retinal ganglion cell distal axon patterning. Mol. Cell. Neurosci.<br />
<strong>2011</strong> 46:731-741.<br />
Jin, K. <strong>and</strong> Xiang, M. Ebf1 deficiency causes increase of Müller cells in the retina <strong>and</strong><br />
abnormal topographic projection at the optic chiasm. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.<br />
<strong>2011</strong> 414:539-544.<br />
Xiang, M., Jiang, H., Jin, K., <strong>and</strong> Qiu, F. Molecular control of retinal ganglion cell<br />
specification <strong>and</strong> differentiation. In Glaucoma - Basic <strong>and</strong> Clinical Concepts (R. Shimon,<br />
ed.),<strong>2011</strong> pp. 65-84, InTech, Rijeka.<br />
Jin, K. <strong>and</strong> Xiang, M. In vitro explant culture <strong>and</strong> related protocols <strong>for</strong> the study of<br />
mouse retinal development. In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer, New York, NY.<br />
<strong>2011</strong> (in press).<br />
Pöschl, J., Lorenz, A., von Bueren, A.O., Peraud, A., Li, S., Tonn, J.-C., Herms, J.,<br />
Xiang, M., Rutkowski, S., Kretzschmar, H.A., <strong>and</strong> Schüller, U. Expression of BARHL1<br />
in medulloblastoma is associated with prolonged survival in mice <strong>and</strong> humans.<br />
Oncogene <strong>2011</strong>(in press).<br />
Ding, Q., Joshi. P. S., Xie, Z.-H., Xiang, M., <strong>and</strong> Gan, L. BARHL2 regulates the<br />
ipsilateral/contralateral subtype divergence in postmitotic dI1 neurons of the developing<br />
spinal cord. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA <strong>2011</strong> (in press).<br />
38
Laboratory Faculty Director<br />
Structural Biology<br />
Protein Engineering Stephen Anderson 40<br />
Biomolecular Crystallography Edward Arnold 42<br />
Structural Biology <strong>and</strong> Bioin<strong>for</strong>matics Helen Berman 47<br />
Structural Microbiology Joseph Marcotrigiano 51<br />
Structural Bioin<strong>for</strong>matics Gaetano Montelione 54<br />
Protein Design <strong>and</strong> Evolution Vikas N<strong>and</strong>a 62<br />
Protein Crystallography Ann Stock 65<br />
39
Dr. Stephen Anderson<br />
CABM Resident Faculty Member<br />
Associate Professor<br />
Department of Molecular Biology<br />
<strong>and</strong> Biochemistry<br />
Rutgers University<br />
Yi-Wen Chiang<br />
Lab Researcher<br />
Protein Engineering Laboratory<br />
Dr. Stephen Anderson conducted his postdoctoral research under Nobel<br />
laureate Dr. Frederick Sanger at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology<br />
in Cambridge, Engl<strong>and</strong>. That project involved the sequencing of human <strong>and</strong><br />
bovine mitochondrial genomes. He went on to a position at the Cali<strong>for</strong>niabased<br />
biotechnology start-up company Genentech. Anderson has held<br />
research or teaching positions at Harvard University, the MRC Laboratory<br />
of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., University of Cali<strong>for</strong>nia, San<br />
Francisco, <strong>and</strong> Rutgers University. While at Genentech he was responsible<br />
<strong>for</strong> all specialty chemical projects <strong>and</strong> second generation tissue plasminogen<br />
activator research.<br />
In <strong>2011</strong> the lab embarked on a three-year $2.8M NIH-funded project to express a<br />
representative set of antigens derived from human transcription factors. The<br />
collaborators <strong>and</strong> co-PIs on this project are Profs. Gaetano T. Montelione <strong>and</strong> Joseph<br />
Marcotrigiano, both of CABM <strong>and</strong> Rutgers, <strong>and</strong> Prof. Cheryl Arrowsmith of the<br />
Ontario Cancer Research <strong>Center</strong> <strong>and</strong> the University of Toronto. Late in <strong>2011</strong>, NIH<br />
identified two “affinity capture reagent” consortia <strong>for</strong> our antigen production group<br />
to partner with: one, headed by Prof. Anthony Kossiakoff at the University of<br />
Chicago <strong>and</strong> including groups at UCSF <strong>and</strong> University of Toronto, that will be<br />
making Fabs <strong>and</strong> antibodies using high throughput phage display technology; <strong>and</strong><br />
one based at Johns Hopkins University, headed by Prof. Jef Boike, that has invented<br />
a low-cost, high throughput method of isolating <strong>and</strong> screening traditional<br />
monoclonal antibodies.<br />
NIH’s overarching goal is to eventually produce renewable cognate affinity capture<br />
reagents (including antibodies) directed against every human protein, an ef<strong>for</strong>t that<br />
has been unofficially dubbed the “Human Anti-Proteome Project”. NIH wants to<br />
make such reagents available to the research community as powerful tools <strong>for</strong><br />
studying human biology. A description of this initiative is at<br />
http://commonfund.nih.gov/proteincapture/index.aspx. The ef<strong>for</strong>t that we are<br />
undertaking, namely producing human transcription factor antigens <strong>for</strong> affinity<br />
capture reagent production, is a pilot project designed to kick-start this overall ef<strong>for</strong>t.<br />
The first envisioned application <strong>for</strong> the anti-TF antibodies is to enable chromatin<br />
immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies aimed at obtaining a complete map of potential<br />
transcription start sites in the human genome – much of this work is being carried<br />
out by the NIH-funded ENCODE Consortium.<br />
40
Human transcription factors are typically complex, multidomain proteins, <strong>and</strong> in<br />
terms of numbers of unique genes represent roughly 10% of the entire human<br />
proteome. Our goal is to express native, folded, individual domains from these<br />
different transcription factors with the hope that optimal specificity <strong>and</strong> affinity may<br />
be obtained by raising affinity capture reagents agains 3D epitopes. In the first year<br />
the Rutgers group has designed single-domain expression constructs using advanced<br />
“domain parsing” software developed by Dr. Janet Huang <strong>and</strong> Prof. Gaetano T.<br />
Montelione (see figure below). Together with Dr. Thomas Acton <strong>and</strong> Prof.<br />
Montelione, we have also developed a new series of high-efficiency E. coli vectors<br />
using “transcript optimized expression-enhancement technology” (“TOEET” – patent<br />
applied <strong>for</strong>). These vectors enable unprecedented levels of expression <strong>and</strong> solubility<br />
to be achieved. In <strong>2011</strong> the group cloned domains from nearly 1400 separate human<br />
transcription factors in >2700 distinct constructs <strong>and</strong> expression-tested approximately<br />
80% of these at small scale. We are now moving on to scale-up <strong>and</strong> production of<br />
multi-milligram quantities of purified antigen <strong>for</strong> our affinity capture reagent partners.<br />
In December, <strong>2011</strong>, we shipped our first batch of purified antigens.<br />
Fig. 1. Example of a portion of the output of the DisMeta server <strong>and</strong> how it can<br />
be used to analyze transcription factor sequences <strong>for</strong> structural in<strong>for</strong>mation.<br />
Shown schematically is a portion of the sequence of a human transiption factor, IF –<br />
16 (γ-interferon-inducible protein 16), analyzed by the DisMeta server.<br />
In this segment of the sequence the server predicts two regions that<br />
appear to have a complex, folded, tertiary structure separated by a<br />
region of polypeptide chain that is predicted to be relatively disordered.<br />
Three-dimentional structures <strong>for</strong> domains represented by the two<br />
ordered regions shown were determined by the NESG. The leftmost<br />
structure (PDB ID 2oq0) is a HIN-200/IF120x domain (InterPro ID<br />
IPR004021), <strong>and</strong> the rightmost structure (PDB ID 3b6y) is a pyrin<br />
domain (InterPro ID IPR004020) (Liao et al, unpulished). This example<br />
illustrates how the DisMeta server can be used to scan TF protein<br />
sequences to find the regions encoding domains that are likely to have<br />
3D epitopes.<br />
41
Dr. Eddy Arnold<br />
CABM Resident Faculty Member<br />
Board of Governors Professor<br />
Department of Chemistry <strong>and</strong><br />
Chemical Biology<br />
Rutgers University<br />
Adjunct Professor<br />
Department of Molecular Genetics<br />
Microbiology <strong>and</strong> Immunology<br />
UMDNJ-RWJMS<br />
Dr. Kalyan Das<br />
Research Professor<br />
Dr. Joseph Bauman<br />
Assistant Research Professor<br />
Dr. Daniel Himmel<br />
Research Associate<br />
Dr. Sergio Martinez<br />
Research Associate<br />
Dr. Matthew Miller<br />
Research Associate<br />
Dr. Steven Tuske<br />
Research Associate<br />
Dr. Mary Ho<br />
Postdoctoral Associate<br />
Dr. William Ho<br />
Postdoctoral Associate<br />
Biomolecular Crystallography Laboratory<br />
Dr. Eddy Arnold obtained his Ph.D. in organic chemistry with Professor Jon Clardy<br />
at Cornell University in 1982. From 1982 to 1987, he was a postdoctoral researcher<br />
with Professor Michael G. Rossmann at Purdue University <strong>and</strong> was a central member<br />
of the team that solved the structure of a human common cold virus by X-ray<br />
crystallography. Among the awards <strong>and</strong> fellowships Arnold has received are a<br />
National Science Foundation Predoctoral Fellowship, Damon Runyon–Walter<br />
Winchell <strong>and</strong> National Institutes of Health Postdoctoral Fellowships, an Alfred P.<br />
Sloan Research Fellowship, a Johnson <strong>and</strong> Johnson Focused Giving Award, <strong>and</strong> a<br />
Board of Trustees Award <strong>for</strong> Excellence in Research at Rutgers. He received an NIH<br />
MERIT Award in 1999 <strong>and</strong> a second consecutive one again in 2009. He was elected a<br />
Fellow of the American Association <strong>for</strong> the Advancement of Science in 2001 <strong>and</strong> a<br />
Fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology in 2006. In 2010 Dr. Arnold was<br />
named a Board of Governors Professor at Rutgers University. His laboratory is<br />
supported by grants from NIH <strong>and</strong> industrial collaborators, <strong>and</strong> by research<br />
fellowships. Dr. Arnold is involved in numerous international collaborations aimed<br />
at developing drugs <strong>for</strong> treatment <strong>and</strong> prevention of global infectious diseases,<br />
including HIV/AIDS, flu, <strong>and</strong> tuberculosis. His team has contributed to the discovery<br />
of two drugs used to treat HIV infection.<br />
Many of the underlying biological <strong>and</strong> chemical processes of life are being detailed at the<br />
molecular level, providing unprecedented opportunities <strong>for</strong> the development of novel<br />
approaches to the treatment, cure <strong>and</strong> prevention of human disease. A broad base of<br />
advances in chemistry, biology, <strong>and</strong> medicine has led to an exciting era in which<br />
knowledge of the intricate structure of life’s machinery can help to accelerate the<br />
development of new small molecule drugs <strong>and</strong> biomaterials such as engineered viral<br />
vaccines. Drs. Eddy Arnold <strong>and</strong> his colleagues are working to underst<strong>and</strong> molecular<br />
mechanisms of drug resistance <strong>and</strong> apply structure-based drug design <strong>for</strong> the treatment of<br />
serious human diseases. In pursuit of these goals, the laboratory uses research tools from<br />
diverse fields, including X-ray crystallography, molecular biology, virology, protein<br />
biochemistry, <strong>and</strong> macromolecular engineering. Eddy’s team of very experienced <strong>and</strong><br />
gifted coworkers, many of whom have been in the lab 10 years or longer, is the driving<br />
<strong>for</strong>ce behind the continuing progress.<br />
Since its establishment at CABM in 1987, our laboratory has studied the structure <strong>and</strong><br />
function of reverse transcriptase (RT), an essential component of the AIDS virus <strong>and</strong> the<br />
target of most widely used anti-AIDS drugs. Using the powerful techniques of X-ray<br />
crystallography, we have solved the three-dimensional structures of HIV-1 RT in complex<br />
with a variety of antiviral drugs <strong>and</strong> model segments of the HIV genome. These studies<br />
have revealed the workings of an intricate <strong>and</strong> fascinating biological machine in<br />
42
atomic detail <strong>and</strong> have yielded numerous novel insights into polymerase structure-function<br />
relationships, detailed mechanisms of drug inhibition <strong>and</strong> resistance, <strong>and</strong> structure-based<br />
design of RT inhibitors. The team has solved a variety of crystal structures representing<br />
multiple functional states of HIV-1 RT. These structures include HIV-1 RT in complex with a<br />
double-str<strong>and</strong>ed DNA template-primer, HIV-1 RT complexes with RNA:DNA templateprimers,<br />
structures of RT with AZTMP-terminated primer representing pre-translocation <strong>and</strong><br />
post-translocation complexes, <strong>and</strong> ternary complexes of wild-type <strong>and</strong> drug-resistant RT with<br />
DNA, <strong>and</strong> AZT-triphosphate/tenofovir-diphosphate. We have also determined the structures<br />
of numerous non-nucleoside inhibitors with wild-type <strong>and</strong> drug resistant HIV-1 RT, <strong>and</strong> the<br />
structural in<strong>for</strong>mation was used in the design of two recently approved non-nucleoside drugs.<br />
Also, we have obtained structures of RT:RNase H inhibitor <strong>and</strong> RT:DNA:AZTppppA (an<br />
ATP-mediated AZT excision product) complexes (Tu et al., 2010).<br />
Drug development against <strong>and</strong> structural studies of a molecule as complex as HIV RT require<br />
immense <strong>and</strong> highly coordinated resources. The Arnold group has been <strong>for</strong>tunate to have<br />
successful long-term collaborations with the groups of Stephen Hughes (NIH NCI-Frederick),<br />
Roger Jones (Rutgers), Michael Parniak (U. of Pittsburgh), <strong>and</strong> Ronald Levy (Rutgers). The<br />
group also benefits from generous access to synchrotron X-radiation sources (CHESS, APS,<br />
<strong>and</strong> BNLS). Hughes <strong>and</strong> his coworkers have contributed expertise in protein engineering,<br />
production, <strong>and</strong> biochemistry at every stage of the RT project since its inception.<br />
Through collaboration with the late Dr. Paul Janssen we participated in a structure-based drug<br />
design ef<strong>for</strong>t that resulted in the discovery <strong>and</strong> development of non-nucleoside inhibitors<br />
(diarylpyrimidine, or DAPY analogs) with high potency against all known drug-resistant<br />
variants of HIV-1 RT. Crystallographic work from the Arnold <strong>and</strong> Hughes laboratories<br />
allowed precise visualization of how potential anti-HIV drug c<strong>and</strong>idates latch onto RT, their<br />
molecular target. Janssen <strong>and</strong> colleagues at the <strong>Center</strong> <strong>for</strong> Molecular Design successfully<br />
used this structural in<strong>for</strong>mation to guide the design <strong>and</strong> synthesis of new molecules with<br />
improved potency against wild-type <strong>and</strong> drug-resistant HIV-1 strains. Scientists at Tibotec, a<br />
subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson, tested the compounds <strong>for</strong> antiviral activity against wild-type<br />
<strong>and</strong> resistant HIV-1, <strong>and</strong> have led the clinical trials.<br />
The DAPY compounds are simple, inexpensive to make <strong>and</strong> have near ideal pharmacological<br />
properties. Etravirine (TMC125/Intelence) was approved <strong>for</strong> treatment of HIV infection by<br />
the FDA in 2008, <strong>and</strong> rilpivirine (TMC278) was approved as Edurant in May <strong>2011</strong>. In what<br />
may be unprecedented <strong>for</strong> a new best-in-class drug, Johnson & Johnson is permitting<br />
rilpivirine to be available in generic <strong>for</strong>m immediately in developing nations; this will make<br />
the drug available to millions of people. The prototypical DAPY compound,<br />
TMC120/dapivirine, is now being developed as a microbicide <strong>for</strong> blocking sexual<br />
transmission of HIV-1. A broader outcome of this study is a drug design concept <strong>for</strong><br />
overcoming drug resistance; the strategic flexibility that permits the DAPY compounds to<br />
“wiggle” <strong>and</strong> “jiggle” in a binding pocket to accommodate mutations apparently accounts <strong>for</strong><br />
their potency against a wide range of drug-resistant variants. Through a systematic protein<br />
engineering ef<strong>for</strong>t we obtained high-resolution crystals of HIV-1 RT <strong>and</strong> demonstrated that<br />
strategic flexibility of rilpivirine was responsible <strong>for</strong> its resilience against drug-resistant RT<br />
variants. Recent ef<strong>for</strong>ts include using the high-<br />
Dr. Ramaswamy<br />
S. Vijayan<br />
Postdoctoral Associate<br />
Dr. Angela<br />
McKoy<br />
Postdoctoral Fellow<br />
Dabyaben Patel<br />
Graduate Student<br />
Joseph Thomas<br />
Eck<br />
Graduate Fellow<br />
Arthur Clark<br />
Laboratory Researcher<br />
43
esolution HIV-1 RT crystals <strong>for</strong> drug-like fragment screening. A number of novel<br />
allosteric sites <strong>for</strong> inhibition of both polymerase <strong>and</strong> RNase H activity have been<br />
identified from the fragment screening ef<strong>for</strong>t.<br />
In addition to working to study HIV-1 RT <strong>and</strong> to develop chemotherapeutic agents, the<br />
laboratory aims to gain greater insights into the basic molecular processes of living systems.<br />
Other projects currently being pursued in the lab include structural studies of: 1) bacterial<br />
RNA polymerase holoenzyme complexes with inhibitors <strong>and</strong> substrates in collaboration<br />
with Dr. Richard Ebright at Rutgers University; 2) the human mRNA capping enzyme <strong>and</strong><br />
its associated factors with Dr. Aaron Shatkin at CABM, <strong>and</strong> 3) influenza virus proteins<br />
including the polymerase from 2009 H1N1 p<strong>and</strong>emic strain.<br />
Figure from Das et al., 2012 showing nevirapine bound in the presence of DNA. The study<br />
confirms that nonnucleoside drugs displace the primer terminus from the polymerase active<br />
site. This structure, which had been elusive <strong>for</strong> decades, represents one of the key missing<br />
pieces in the HIV-1 RT structure/function puzzle.<br />
44
Figure from Das et al., <strong>2011</strong> showing how the nonnucleoside inhibitor TSAO has a<br />
shape that resembles a dragon when bound to HIV-1 RT.<br />
Publications:<br />
Das, K. J.M. Aramini, L.-C. Ma, R.M. Krug, <strong>and</strong> E. Arnold. Recent advances in structural<br />
studies of influenza A proteins: insights into antiviral drug targets. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol.<br />
2010 17:530-538.<br />
Lapelosa, M., E. Gallicchio, G.F. Arnold, E. Arnold, <strong>and</strong> R.M. Levy. Antigenic<br />
characteristics of rhinovirus chimeras designed in silico <strong>for</strong> enhanced presentation of HIV-<br />
1 gp41 epitopes. J. Mol. Biol. 2010 397:752-766.<br />
Tu, X., K. Das, Q. Han, J.D. Bauman, A.D. Clark, Jr., X. Hou, Y.V. Frenkel, B.L. Gaffney,<br />
R.A. Jones, P.L. Boyer, S.H. Hughes, S.G. Sarafianos, <strong>and</strong> E. Arnold. Structural basis of<br />
HIV-1 resistance to AZT. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 2010 17:1202-1209. (This publication<br />
was the focus of a commentary by Scott, W.A. <strong>2011</strong>. Structures of Reverse Transcriptase<br />
Pre- <strong>and</strong> Post-Excision Complexes Shed New Light on HIV-1 AZT Resistance. Viruses<br />
3:20-25.)<br />
Das, K., J.D. Bauman, A.S. Rim, C. Dharia, A.D. Clark, Jr., M.J. Camarasa, J. Balzarini,<br />
<strong>and</strong> E. Arnold. Crystal structure of tert-butyldimethylsilyl-spiroaminooxathioledioxidethymine<br />
(TSAO-T) in complex with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) redefines the elastic<br />
limits of the non-nucleoside inhibitor-binding pocket. J. Med. Chem. <strong>2011</strong> 54:2727-2737.<br />
Chu, C., Das, K., J.R. Tyminski, J.D. Bauman, R. Guan, W. Qiu, G.T. Montelione, E.<br />
Arnold, <strong>and</strong> A.J. Shatkin. Structure of the guanylyltransferase domain of human capping<br />
enzyme. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. <strong>2011</strong> 108:10104-10108.<br />
45
Chung, S., D.M. Himmel, J.K. Jiang, K. Wojtak, J.D. Bauman, J.W. Rausch, J.A. Wilson,<br />
J.A. Beutler, C.J. Thomas, E. Arnold, <strong>and</strong> S.F. Le Grice. Synthesis, activity, <strong>and</strong> structural<br />
analysis of novel a-hydroxytropolone inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus reverse<br />
transcriptase-associated ribonuclease H. J. Med. Chem. <strong>2011</strong> 54:4462-4473.<br />
Felts AK, K. Labarge K, J.D. Bauman, D.V. Patel, D.M. Himmel, E. Arnold, M.A. Parniak,<br />
R.M. Levy. Identification of alternative binding sites <strong>for</strong> inhibitors of HIV-1 ribonuclease H<br />
through comparative analysis of virtual enrichment studies. J Chem Inf Model. <strong>2011</strong><br />
51:1986-1998.<br />
Arnold, E., D.M. Himmel, <strong>and</strong> M.G. Rossmann. Co-editors of "International Tables <strong>for</strong> X-<br />
Ray Crystallography, Volume F: Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules, Second<br />
Edition.” <strong>2011</strong> Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht, xxix + 886 pages.<br />
Arnold, E., D.M. Himmel, <strong>and</strong> M.G. Rossmann. Overview of this volume. In "International<br />
Tables <strong>for</strong> X-Ray Crystallography, Volume F: Crystallography of Biological<br />
Macromolecules, Second Edition" E. Arnold, D.M. Himmel, <strong>and</strong> M.G. Rossmann, editors.<br />
<strong>2011</strong> Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht.<br />
Arnold, E. Gazing into the crystal ball: perspectives <strong>for</strong> the future. In "International Tables<br />
<strong>for</strong> X-Ray Crystallography, Volume F: Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules,<br />
Second Edition" E. Arnold, D.M. Himmel, <strong>and</strong> M.G. Rossmann, editors. <strong>2011</strong> Kluwer<br />
Academic Publisher, Dordrecht.<br />
Arnold, E. <strong>and</strong> M. G. Rossmann. Noncrystallographic symmetry averaging of electron<br />
density <strong>for</strong> molecular-replacement phase refinement <strong>and</strong> extension. In "International Tables<br />
<strong>for</strong> X-Ray Crystallography, Volume F: Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules,<br />
Second Edition" E. Arnold, D.M. Himmel, <strong>and</strong> M.G. Rossmann, editors. <strong>2011</strong> Kluwer<br />
Academic Publisher, Dordrecht.<br />
Bauman, J.D., D. Patel, E. Arnold. Fragment screening <strong>and</strong> HIV therapeutics. Top. Curr.<br />
Chem. Oct 5. <strong>2011</strong> [Epub ahead of print]<br />
Das, K., S.E. Martinez, J.D. Bauman, E. Arnold. HIV 1 reverse transcriptase complex with<br />
DNA <strong>and</strong> nevirapine reveals nonnucleoside inhibition mechanism. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol.,<br />
2012 in press.<br />
46
Dr. Helen M. Berman<br />
Board of Governors Professor<br />
Department of Chemistry <strong>and</strong><br />
Chemical Biology<br />
Interim Director<br />
Biological, Mathematical, <strong>and</strong><br />
Physical Sciences Interfaces<br />
(BioMaPS),<br />
Director<br />
RCSB Protein Data Bank<br />
Director<br />
PSI Structural Biology<br />
Knowledgebase<br />
Rutgers University<br />
Dr. Martha Quesada<br />
Research Professor<br />
Dr. John Westbrook<br />
Research Professor<br />
Dr. Feng Zukang<br />
Research Professor<br />
Dr. Catherine Lawson<br />
Associate Research Professor<br />
Dr. Shuchismita Dutta<br />
Assistant Research Professor<br />
Dr. Monica Sekharan<br />
Assistant Research Professor<br />
Dr. Jasmine Young<br />
Assistant Research Professor<br />
Structural Biology <strong>and</strong> Bioin<strong>for</strong>matics<br />
Dr. Berman's research area is structural biology <strong>and</strong> bioin<strong>for</strong>matics, with a<br />
special focus on protein-nucleic acid interactions. She is the founder of the<br />
Nucleic Acid Database, a repository of in<strong>for</strong>mation about the structures of<br />
nucleic acid-containing molecules; <strong>and</strong> is the co-founder <strong>and</strong> Director of the<br />
Protein Data Bank, the international repository of the structures of biological<br />
macromolecules. Professor Berman also leads the Protein Structure Initiative<br />
Structural Biology Knowledgebase. She is a Fellow of the American<br />
Association <strong>for</strong> the Advancement of Science <strong>and</strong> of the Biophysical Society,<br />
from which she received the Distinguished Service Award in 2000. A past<br />
president of the American Crystallographic Association, she is a recipient of<br />
the Buerger Award (2006) <strong>and</strong> a member of the inaugural class of ACA<br />
Fellows (<strong>2011</strong>). Dr. Berman received her A.B. in 1964 from Barnard College<br />
<strong>and</strong> a Ph.D. in 1967 from the University of Pittsburgh. She received the<br />
Department of Chemistry Alumni Award from the University of Pittsburgh in<br />
2010.<br />
The Protein Data Bank<br />
The Research Collaboratory <strong>for</strong> Structural Bioin<strong>for</strong>matics (RCSB) Protein Data Bank<br />
(PDB) supports scientific research <strong>and</strong> education worldwide by providing an essential<br />
resource of in<strong>for</strong>mation about biomolecular structures.<br />
The PDB archive is the single repository of in<strong>for</strong>mation about the 3D structures of<br />
large biological molecules, primarily proteins <strong>and</strong> nucleic acids. Scientists from<br />
around the world submit their data about their experiments to the PDB, which is then<br />
processed <strong>and</strong> made freely available in the PDB archive. The RCSB PDB, which is<br />
based at Rutgers <strong>and</strong> the University of Cali<strong>for</strong>nia, San Diego, manages the PDB<br />
archive as a member of the Worldwide PDB (wwPDB).<br />
The wwPDB organization (www.wwpdb.org) was <strong>for</strong>med to ensure that the PDB<br />
archive is <strong>and</strong> will be freely <strong>and</strong> publicly available to the global community. The<br />
wwPDB members (RCSB PDB, Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe), Protein Data<br />
Bank Japan (PDBj), <strong>and</strong> the BioMagResBank (BMRB)) host deposition, processing,<br />
<strong>and</strong> distribution centers <strong>for</strong> PDB data <strong>and</strong> collaborate on a variety of projects <strong>and</strong><br />
outreach ef<strong>for</strong>ts. As 'archive keeper' <strong>for</strong> the wwPDB, the RCSB PDB maintains the<br />
central repository of the PDB archive.<br />
The central activity of the wwPDB is the collection, validation, archiving <strong>and</strong><br />
distribution of high quality structural data to the scientific community on a timely<br />
basis. The systems developed by the RCSB PDB are reliable <strong>and</strong> stable to meet the<br />
challenges of high data rates <strong>and</strong> complex structures. As of November 8, <strong>2011</strong>, the<br />
PDB archive contains more than 77,000 entries.<br />
47
In <strong>2011</strong>, the wwPDB commemorated the PDB’s 40 th anniversary with a special<br />
symposium. The meeting was attended by 19 distinguished speakers,<br />
approximately 250 participants, <strong>and</strong> 93 poster presentations. 34 travel awards <strong>for</strong><br />
early career scientists were made using funds raised by the wwPDB. More<br />
in<strong>for</strong>mation about the meeting is available at<br />
http://meetings.cshl.edu/meetings/pdb40.shtml.<br />
The RCSB PDB’s website at www.pdb.org provides access to the PDB FTP<br />
archive as well as tools that help users search, analyze <strong>and</strong> visualize PDB<br />
structural data. In 2010, the RCSB PDB website had more than 5.6 million visits<br />
by users in 218 countries. On average, the website has more than 196,000 unique<br />
visitors each month. Additionally, 160,713,233 data files were downloaded from<br />
the FTP server in 2010.<br />
The website provides access to a relational database that integrates PDB data with<br />
related in<strong>for</strong>mation from external sources (such as journal abstracts, functional<br />
descriptors, sequence annotations, structure annotations, <strong>and</strong> taxonomy). Users<br />
can search <strong>for</strong> structures using simple searches (PDB ID, keyword, sequence, or<br />
author) <strong>and</strong> complex queries.<br />
PDB-101 is a unique view of the RCSB PDB that packages together the resources<br />
of interest to teachers, students, <strong>and</strong> the general public. Major topics include<br />
Molecule of the Month columns, a top-down exploration from high-level<br />
functional categories to PDB structures called Structural View of Biology, <strong>and</strong><br />
related Educational Resources <strong>and</strong> materials.<br />
The RCSB PDB group at Rutgers is involved with undergraduate <strong>and</strong> graduate<br />
education, <strong>and</strong> supports local K12 education with programs such as the protein<br />
modeling event at the New Jersey Science Olympiad, <strong>and</strong> K12 education<br />
throughout the world with online resources.<br />
Structural Genomics <strong>and</strong> the PSI Structural Biology Knowledgebase<br />
With the overarching goal of creating new knowledge about the interrelationships<br />
of sequence, structure, <strong>and</strong> function, the Protein Structure Initiative Structural<br />
Biology Knowledgebase (PSI SBKB, sbkb.org) is a free online resource that<br />
captures <strong>and</strong> highlights the structural <strong>and</strong> technical advances made by the PSI<br />
structural genomics ef<strong>for</strong>ts <strong>for</strong> use by the broader biological community. This<br />
in<strong>for</strong>mation is integrated with publicly available biological in<strong>for</strong>mation so that it<br />
can enable a better underst<strong>and</strong>ing of living systems <strong>and</strong> disease. Created in<br />
collaboration with the Nature Publishing Group, the Structural Biology<br />
Knowledgebase also provides a research library, highlights focused on new<br />
research advances <strong>and</strong> technical tips, the latest science news, <strong>and</strong> an events<br />
calendar to present a broader view of structural genomics <strong>and</strong> structural biology.<br />
Searches of the SBKB by sequence or PDB ID will yield a list of related protein<br />
structures from the Protein Data Bank, theoretical 3D models, associated<br />
Li Chen<br />
Research Associate<br />
Dr. Buvna<br />
Coimbatore-<br />
Narayanan<br />
Research Associate<br />
Dr. Luigi DiCostanzo<br />
Research Associate<br />
Dr. Margaret<br />
Gabanyi<br />
Research Associate<br />
Guanghua Gao<br />
Research Associate<br />
Saheli Ghosh<br />
Research Associate<br />
Dr. Sutapa Ghosh<br />
Research Associate<br />
Vladimir Guranovic<br />
Research Associate<br />
Dr. Brian Hudson<br />
Research Associate<br />
Aamir Jadoon<br />
Research Associate<br />
David Micallef<br />
Research Associate<br />
Dr. Ezra Peisach<br />
Research Associate<br />
Dr. Irina Persikova<br />
Research Associate<br />
Nomi Rom<br />
Research Associate<br />
Raul Sala<br />
Research Associate<br />
Raship Shah<br />
Research Associate<br />
48
Dr. Chenghua Shao<br />
Research Associate<br />
Dr. Lihua Tan<br />
Research Associate<br />
Dr. Yi-Ping Tao<br />
Research Associate<br />
Dr. Huanwang<br />
Yang<br />
Research Associate<br />
Christine Zardecki<br />
Research Associate<br />
Dr. Marina<br />
Zhuravleva<br />
Research Associate<br />
Kar Lun Chun<br />
Research Assistant<br />
Maria Voigt<br />
Research Assistant<br />
descriptions (annotations) from biological databases, as well as structural<br />
genomics protein target in<strong>for</strong>mation, experimental protocols, <strong>and</strong> the ability to<br />
order available DNA clones. Text searches will find technology reports <strong>and</strong><br />
publications that were created by the PSI’s high-throughput research ef<strong>for</strong>ts, as<br />
well as the monthly features <strong>and</strong> highlights from the website. Web tools that aid<br />
in bench top research, such as protein construct design, are also available. This<br />
in<strong>for</strong>mation can enable scientists by providing everything that is known about a<br />
protein sequence, including any experimental successes or failures, thus<br />
streamlining their own research ef<strong>for</strong>ts.<br />
The SBKB group also developed two entirely new resources <strong>for</strong> the Structural<br />
Genomics community. First, a new experimental data tracking resource,<br />
TargetTrack (sbkb.org/tt/), was created that merged two existing (<strong>and</strong> mostly<br />
redundant) <strong>and</strong> exp<strong>and</strong>ing to support new types of high-throughput <strong>and</strong><br />
biological research. Second, a “Metrics” resource was created to track the<br />
progress of the whole PSI program.<br />
The Unified Data Resource <strong>for</strong> Cryo Electron Microscopy<br />
The PDB archives large biological assemblies determined by cryo-electron<br />
microscopy (cryoEM), a maturing methodology in structural biology that<br />
bridges the gap between cell biology <strong>and</strong> the experimental techniques of X-ray<br />
crystallography <strong>and</strong> NMR. In addition to 3D density maps, cryoEM experiments<br />
often yield fitted coordinate models. Through an NIH/NIGMS-funded<br />
collaboration, a joint EM map <strong>and</strong> model deposition tool has been developed.<br />
The unified resource <strong>for</strong> deposition <strong>and</strong> retrieval network <strong>for</strong> cryoEM map,<br />
model, <strong>and</strong> associated metadata is available at EMDataBank.org. This work<br />
has been carried out in collaboration with the RCSB PDB at Rutgers, PDBe, <strong>and</strong><br />
the National <strong>Center</strong> <strong>for</strong> Macromolecular Imaging at Baylor College of Medicine.<br />
Publications:<br />
Dutta, S., Zardecki, C., Goodsell, D.S., <strong>and</strong> Berman, H.M. Promoting a<br />
Structural View of Biology <strong>for</strong> Varied Audiences: An Overview of RCSB PDB<br />
Resources <strong>and</strong> Experiences. Journal of Applied Crystallography. 2010 43:<br />
1224-1229.<br />
Lawson, C.L., Baker, M.L., Best, C., Bi, C., Dougherty, M., Feng, P., van<br />
Ginkel, G., Devkota, B., Lagerstedt, I., Ludtke, S.J., Newman, R.H., Oldfield,<br />
T.J., Rees, I., Sahni, G., Sala, R., Velankar, S., Warren, J., Westbrook, J.D.,<br />
Henrick, K., Kleywegt, G.J., Berman, H.M., Chiu, W. EMDataBank.org:<br />
unified data resource <strong>for</strong> CryoEM. Nucleic Acids Res. <strong>2011</strong> 39: D456-D464.<br />
49
Rose, P.W., Beran, B., Bi, C., Bluhm, W.F., Dimitropoulos, D., Goodsell, D.S.,<br />
Prlić, A., Quesada, M., Quinn, G.B., Westbrook, J.D., Young, J., Yukich, B.,<br />
Zardecki, C., Berman, H.M., Bourne, P.E., The RCSB Protein Data Bank:<br />
redesigned web site <strong>and</strong> web services. Nucleic Acids Res. <strong>2011</strong> 39: D392-D401.<br />
Bluhm, W.F., Beran, B., Bi, C., Dimitropoulos, D., Prlić, A., Quinn, G.B., Rose,<br />
P.W., Shah, C., Yukich, B., Berman, H.M., Bourne, P.E., Quality Assurance <strong>for</strong><br />
the Query <strong>and</strong> Distribution Systems of the RCSB Protein Data Bank. Database.<br />
<strong>2011</strong>.<br />
Rose, P.W., Bluhm, W.F., Beran, B., Bi, C., Dimitropoulos, D., Goodsell, D.S.,<br />
Prlić, A., Quinn, G.B., Yukich, B., Berman, H.M., Bourne, P.E. The RCSB<br />
Protein Data Bank: site functionality <strong>and</strong> bioin<strong>for</strong>matics use cases. NCI-Nature<br />
Pathway Interaction Database Bioin<strong>for</strong>matics Primer. <strong>2011</strong>.<br />
Gabanyi, M.J., Adams, P.D., Arnold, K., Bordoli, L., Carter, L.G., Flippen-<br />
Anderson, J., Gif<strong>for</strong>d, L., Haas, J., Kouranov, A., McLaughlin, W.A., Micallef,<br />
D.I., Minor, W., Shah, R., Schwede, T., Tao,YP.W., Westbrook, J.D.,<br />
Zimmerman, M., Berman, H.M. The Structural Biology Knowledgebase: A portal<br />
to protein structures, sequences, functions, <strong>and</strong> methods. Journal of Structural <strong>and</strong><br />
Functional Genomics <strong>2011</strong> 12:45-54.<br />
Beran, B., Bi, C., Bluhm, W.F., Dimitropoulos, D., Feng, Z., Goodsell, D.S., Prlic,<br />
A., Quinn, G., Rose, P., Westbrook, J., Yukich, B., Young, J., Zardecki, C.,<br />
Berman, H.M. The Evolution of the RCSB Protein Data Bank Website. WIREs<br />
Computational Molecular Science. <strong>2011</strong>.<br />
Berman, H.M. The Protein Data Bank: Evolution of a key resource in biology.<br />
Leadership in Science <strong>and</strong> Technology: A Reference H<strong>and</strong>book (William Sims<br />
Bainbridge, editor) SAGE Publications, Inc., <strong>2011</strong>.<br />
Kryshtafovych, A., Bartual, S., Bazan, J.F., Berman, H.M., Casteel, D.,<br />
Christodoulou, E., Everett, J., Hausmann, J., Heidebrecht, T., Hills, T., Hui, R.,<br />
Hunt, J., Jayaraman<strong>and</strong>, S., Joachimiak, A., Kennedy, M., Kim, C., Lingel, A.,<br />
Michalska, K., Montelione, G., Otero, J., Perrakis, O., Pizarro,J., vanRaaij,<br />
M.J., Ramelot, T., Rousseau, F., Wernimont, A., Young, J., Schwede, T. Target<br />
Highlights in CASP9: Experimental Target Structures <strong>for</strong> the Critical Assessment<br />
of Techniques <strong>for</strong> Protein Structure Prediction. PROTEINS: Structure, Function,<br />
<strong>and</strong> Bioin<strong>for</strong>matics, <strong>2011</strong> 79: 6–20.<br />
50
Dr. Joseph Marcotrigiano<br />
CABM Resident Faculty Member<br />
Assistant Professor<br />
Department of Chemistry <strong>and</strong><br />
Chemical Biology<br />
Rutgers University<br />
Dr. Abdul Khan<br />
Postdoctoral Assoc.<br />
Ankita Basant<br />
Graduate Student<br />
Fuguo Jiang<br />
Graduate Student<br />
Jillian Whidby<br />
Graduate Student<br />
Samantha Yost<br />
Graduate Student<br />
Structural Microbiology Laboratory<br />
Dr. Joseph Marcotrigiano obtained his B.A. from Rutgers with highest<br />
honors <strong>for</strong> research on the structure of HIV-1 RT <strong>and</strong> intergrase as a Henry<br />
Rutgers Undergraduate Scholar. He received the National Starch Award<br />
<strong>and</strong> the Bruce Garth Award <strong>for</strong> highest st<strong>and</strong>ing in the chemistry program<br />
<strong>and</strong> was selected <strong>for</strong> a graduate fellowship at Rockefeller University. He<br />
completed Ph.D. studies with Dr. Stephen Burley in 2000 <strong>and</strong> was awarded<br />
the inaugural David Rockefeller Jr. Alumni Fellowship. He conducted<br />
postdoctoral research as a Merck Fellow of the Life Sciences Research<br />
Foundation in the <strong>Center</strong> <strong>for</strong> the Study of Hepatitis C with Dr. Charles Rice<br />
at Rockefeller University. Dr. Marcotrigiano joined CABM in 2007.<br />
.<br />
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) continues to be a major public health problem. In most<br />
cases, HCV infection becomes chronic <strong>and</strong> can persist <strong>for</strong> decades, leading to<br />
cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease <strong>and</strong> hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, 2% of the<br />
human population – approximately 123 million people – is infected with HCV. In<br />
fact, there are 3-4 times more individuals infected with HCV than HIV, making virus<br />
transmission a major public health concern. In the United States, HCV infection is<br />
the most common cause of liver transplantation <strong>and</strong> results in 10,000 to 20,000<br />
deaths a year. There is no vaccine, <strong>and</strong> current HCV therapy, pegylated interferonalpha<br />
in combination with ribavirin, leads to a sustained response in only 50% of<br />
genotype 1-infected patients, the prevalent genotype in the United States. The<br />
current HCV treatment stimulates the patient’s immune system to clear the virus, but<br />
numerous side effects cause many patients to prematurely stop treatment. Given the<br />
high prevalence of infection <strong>and</strong> poor response rate, inhibitors that specifically target<br />
HCV proteins with fewer side effects are desperately needed. In addition, an<br />
effective vaccine would greatly reduce the spread of the virus.<br />
Our laboratory studies how HCV enters a host cell <strong>and</strong> avoids the cellular innate<br />
immune response to infection. To elucidate these processes we employ a variety of<br />
structural, biophysical, biochemical <strong>and</strong> virological techniques. HCV is a member<br />
of the family Flaviviridae, which also includes Pestiviruses <strong>and</strong> Flaviviruses.<br />
51
The HCV virion consists of an enveloped nucleocapsid containing the viral genome, a<br />
single-str<strong>and</strong>ed, positive sense RNA that encodes a single open reading frame. Once<br />
the virus penetrates a permissive cell, the HCV genome is released into the cytosol<br />
where the viral RNA is translated in a cap-independent manner by an internal<br />
ribosome entry site (IRES) located within the 5’ nontranslated region (NTR).<br />
Translation generates a viral polyprotein that is proteolytically processed by cellular<br />
<strong>and</strong> viral encoded proteases into ten proteins. HCV is an enveloped virus with two<br />
glycoproteins (E1 <strong>and</strong> E2) that <strong>for</strong>m the outermost shell of the virion. These two<br />
proteins are thought to be involved in cell receptor binding, entry, membrane fusion<br />
<strong>and</strong> immune evasion. Both E1 <strong>and</strong> E2 are type I transmembrane proteins with an<br />
amino-terminal ectodomain <strong>and</strong> a carboxy-terminal membrane-associating region.<br />
The transmembrane regions are involved in ER retention <strong>and</strong> the <strong>for</strong>mation of<br />
noncovalent E1/E2 heterodimers. Since HCV is thought to bud into the ER, retention<br />
of the glycoproteins at the ER membrane ensures their placement on the virion<br />
particles. The E1 <strong>and</strong> E2 ectodomains are heavily glycosylated <strong>and</strong> contain several<br />
intramolecular disulfide bonds. E1 <strong>and</strong> E2 contain 4 <strong>and</strong> 11 predicted N-linked<br />
glycosylation sites, respectively, <strong>and</strong> many highly conserved cysteines.<br />
Intracellular double-str<strong>and</strong>ed RNA (dsRNA) is an important signal of virus replication.<br />
The host has developed mechanisms to detect viral dsRNA <strong>and</strong> initiate antiviral<br />
responses. Pathogen Recognition Receptors (PRR) are cellular proteins that sense the<br />
presence of pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to induce an antiviral<br />
state. Retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) is one member of a family of PRR that<br />
resides within the cytoplasm of a cell <strong>and</strong> senses the presence of 5’ triphosphorylated<br />
dsRNA, an intermediate of virus replication. RIG-I encodes two caspase recruitment<br />
domains (CARD), a DExD/H box RNA helicase, <strong>and</strong> a repressor domain (RD). The<br />
RD blocks signaling by the CARD domains under normal growth conditions. To<br />
investigate the contributions of the individual domains of RIG-I to RNA binding, we<br />
determined the equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd) of the protein–RNA<br />
complexes. The tightest RNA affinity was observed with helicase-RD, whereas the<br />
full-length RIG-I, helicase domain <strong>and</strong> RD bind dsRNA with a 24-fold, 8,600-fold<br />
<strong>and</strong> 50-fold weaker affinity, respectively. Crystals of RIG-I helicase-RD in complex<br />
with ADP-BeF3 <strong>and</strong> 14 base-pair palindromic dsRNA were obtained <strong>and</strong> the structure<br />
was determined to 2.9Å resolution. RIG-I helicase-RD organizes into a ring around<br />
dsRNA, capping one end, while contacting both str<strong>and</strong>s using previously<br />
uncharacterized motifs to recognize dsRNA. Small-angle X-ray scattering, limited<br />
proteolysis <strong>and</strong> differential scanning fluorimetry indicate that RIG-I is in an extended<br />
<strong>and</strong> flexible con<strong>for</strong>mation that compacts upon binding RNA. These results provide a<br />
detailed view of the role of helicase in dsRNA recognition, the synergy between the<br />
RD <strong>and</strong> the helicase <strong>for</strong> RNA binding <strong>and</strong> the organization of full-length RIG-I bound<br />
to dsRNA. The results provide evidence of a con<strong>for</strong>mational change upon RNA<br />
binding.<br />
52
The long-term goals of our studies are to provide a structural <strong>and</strong> mechanistic<br />
underst<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>for</strong> how the HCV glycoproteins (E1 <strong>and</strong> E2) interact with each other<br />
<strong>and</strong> with cellular receptors. Also we are focused on how HCV evades the host<br />
antiviral response <strong>and</strong> how RIG-I discriminates viral from cellular RNAs.<br />
Publications:<br />
Structure of RIG-I helicase-<br />
RD bound to dsRNA <strong>and</strong><br />
ADP-BeF<br />
Jiang, F., Ramanathan, A., Miller, M.T., Tang, G.Q., Gale, M. Jr., Patel, S.S.,<br />
Marcotrigiano, J. Structural basis of RNA recognition <strong>and</strong> activation by innate<br />
immune receptor RIG-I. Nature <strong>2011</strong> 479(7373):423-7<br />
Whidby, J., Mateu, G., Scarborough, H., Demeler, B., Grakoui, A. <strong>and</strong><br />
Marcotrigiano, J.<br />
Blocking hepatitis C virus infection with recombinant <strong>for</strong>m of envelope protein 2<br />
ectodomain. J. Virol. 2009 83(21):11078-89.<br />
Saito, T., Owen, D.M., Jiang, F., Marcotrigiano, J., Gale, M. Jr. Innate immunity<br />
induced by composition-dependent RIG-I recognition of hepatitis C virus RNA.<br />
Nature 2008 454(7203):523-7<br />
53
Dr. Gaetano Montelione<br />
CABM Resident Faculty Member<br />
Jerome <strong>and</strong> Lorraine Aresty Chair in<br />
Cancer Biology Research<br />
Professor II<br />
Department of Molecular Biology <strong>and</strong><br />
Biochemistry<br />
Rutgers University<br />
Adjunct Professor<br />
Department of Biochemistry<br />
UMDNJ-RWJMS<br />
Director<br />
Northeast Structural Genomics<br />
Consortium<br />
Dr. Swapna Gurla<br />
Associate Research Professor<br />
Dr. Yuanpeng Huang<br />
Associate Research Professor<br />
Dr. Roberto Tejero<br />
Visiting Professor<br />
Dr. Thomas Acton<br />
Assistant Research Professor<br />
Dr. James Aramini<br />
Assistant Research Professor<br />
Dr. John Everett<br />
Assistant Research Professor<br />
Dr. Rongjin Guan<br />
Assistant Research Professor<br />
Dr. Gregory Kornhaber<br />
Assistant Research Professor<br />
Structural Bioin<strong>for</strong>matics Laboratory<br />
Dr. Gaetano Montelione did graduate studies in protein physical chemistry with<br />
Professor Harold Scheraga at Cornell University. He learned nuclear magnetic<br />
resonance spectroscopy at the Swiss Federal Technical Institute in Zürich where he<br />
worked with Nobel laureate Dr. Kürt Wüthrich, the first researcher to solve a protein<br />
structure with this technique in 1985. Two years later, Dr. Montelione solved the<br />
structure of epidermal growth factor. He has developed new NMR techniques <strong>for</strong><br />
refining 3D structures of proteins <strong>and</strong> triple resonance experiments <strong>for</strong> making 1 H,<br />
13 C, <strong>and</strong> 15 N resonance assignments in intermediate-sized proteins. He has served as<br />
a member of the NSF Molecular Biophysics Study Section, NSF Committee of Visitors,<br />
NSF Advisory Committee <strong>for</strong> Biological Sciences (BIO AC) <strong>and</strong> advisor to the World<br />
Wide Protein Data Bank (WW_PDB). Dr. Montelione has received the Searle<br />
Scholar Award, the Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award, a Johnson <strong>and</strong> Johnson<br />
Research Discovery Award, the American Cyanamid Award in Physical Chemistry,<br />
the NSF Young Investigator Award, <strong>and</strong> the Michael <strong>and</strong> Kate Bárány Award of the<br />
Biophysical Society. He is an elected Fellow of the American Association <strong>for</strong> the<br />
Advancement of Science.<br />
As director of the NIH-funded Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium of the<br />
NIGMS Protein Structure Initiative, Dr. Montelione leads an inter-institutional pilot<br />
project in large-scale structural proteomics <strong>and</strong> bioin<strong>for</strong>matics. Goals of our work<br />
involve developing high-throughput technologies suitable <strong>for</strong> determining many new<br />
protein structures from the human genome project using nuclear magnetic resonance<br />
spectroscopy (NMR) <strong>and</strong> X-ray crystallography. These structures provide important<br />
insights into the functions of novel gene products identified by genomic <strong>and</strong>/or<br />
bioin<strong>for</strong>matic analysis. The resulting knowledge of structure <strong>and</strong> biochemical function<br />
provides the basis <strong>for</strong> collaborations with academic laboratories <strong>and</strong> pharmaceutical<br />
companies to develop drugs useful in treating human diseases that are targeted to these<br />
newly discovered functions. The approach we are taking is opportunistic in the sense<br />
that only proteins which express well in certain expression systems are screened <strong>for</strong><br />
their abilities to provide high quality NMR spectra or well-diffracting protein crystals.<br />
Those that provide good NMR or X-ray diffraction data are subjected to automated<br />
analysis methods <strong>for</strong> structure determination. The success of our approach relies on our<br />
abilities to identify, clone, express <strong>and</strong> analyze several hundred biologically interesting<br />
proteins per year; only a fraction of the initial sequences chosen <strong>for</strong> cloning <strong>and</strong><br />
analysis result in high-resolution 3D structures. However, this “funnel” process is<br />
yielding three-dimensional structures <strong>and</strong> new functions <strong>for</strong> some 200 proteins per year,<br />
<strong>and</strong> can thus have tremendous scientific impact. Research areas include networks of<br />
proteins associated with human cancer biology, protein complexes involved in<br />
influenza virus infection, innate immune response, <strong>and</strong> ubiquitination pathways.<br />
54
s<br />
Publications:<br />
Singarapu, K.K., Mills, J., Xiao, R., Acton, T., Punta, M., Fischer, M., Honig, B., Rost, B.,<br />
Montelione, G.T., Szyperski, T. Solution NMR structures of proteins VPA0419 from<br />
Vibrio parahaemolyticus <strong>and</strong> yiiS from Shigelle flexneri provide structural coverage from<br />
protein domain family PFAM 04175. PROTEINS: Struc. Funct. Bioin<strong>for</strong>matics 2010 78:<br />
779 - 784.<br />
Mao, L., Vaiphei. S.T., Shimazu, T., Schneider, W.M., Tang, Y., Mani, R., Roth, M.J.,<br />
Montelione, G.T., Inouye, M. The E. coli single protein production (cSPP) system <strong>for</strong><br />
production <strong>and</strong> structural analysis of membrane proteins. J. Struct. Funct. Genomics 2010<br />
11: 81-84.<br />
Rossi, P., Swapna, G.V.T., Huang, Y.J., Aramini, J.M., Anklin, C., Conover, K., Hamilton,<br />
K., Xiao, R., Acton, T.B., Ertekin, A., Everett, J.K., Montelione, G.T. A microscale protein<br />
NMR sample screening pipeline. J. Biomol. NMR 2010 46: 11 - 22.<br />
Raman, S., Huang, Y.J., Rossi, P., Aramini, J.M., Liu, G., Mao, B., Montelione, G.T.,<br />
Baker, D. Accurate automated protein NMR structure determination using unassigned<br />
NOESY data. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010 132: 202 - 207.<br />
Raman, S., Lange, O.F., Rossi, P., Tyka, M., Wang, X., Aramini, J., Liu, G., Ramelot, T.,<br />
Eletsky, A., Szyperski, T., Kennedy, M., Prestegard, J., Montelione, G.T., Baker, D. NMR<br />
structure determination <strong>for</strong> larger proteins using backbone-only data. Science 2010 327:<br />
1014 - 1018.<br />
Dr. Gaohua Liu<br />
Assistant Research Professor<br />
Dr. Li-Chung Ma<br />
Assistant Research Professor<br />
Dr. Paolo Rossi<br />
Assistant Research Professor<br />
Dr. Rong Xiao<br />
Assistant Research Professor<br />
Dr. Yuefeng Tang<br />
Research Associate<br />
Dr. Asli Ertekin<br />
Postdoctoral Associate<br />
Binchen Mao<br />
Graduate Student<br />
Philip Kostenbader<br />
System Administrator<br />
Saichiu Tong<br />
Research Programmer<br />
Dongyan Wang<br />
Research Teaching Spec.<br />
Hoi Wun Au<br />
Laboratory Researcher<br />
Colleen Ciccosanti<br />
Laboratory Researcher<br />
Kenith Conover<br />
Laboratory Researcher<br />
Keith Hamilton<br />
Laboratory Researcher<br />
Haleema Janjua<br />
Laboratory Researcher<br />
Eitan Kohan<br />
Laboratory Researcher<br />
Dong Yup Lee<br />
Laboratory Researcher<br />
55
Melissa Maglaqui<br />
Laboratory Researcher<br />
Lei Mao<br />
Laboratory Researcher<br />
Dayaben Patel<br />
Laboratory Researcher<br />
Seema Sahdev<br />
Laboratory Researcher<br />
Ritu Shastry<br />
Laboratory Researcher<br />
Huang Wang<br />
Laboratory Researcher<br />
Ari Sapin<br />
Technician<br />
Liu, G., Xiao, R., Wang, D., Huang, Y.J., Acton, T.B., Montelione, G.T. NMR structure Factin<br />
binding domain of Arg/Ab12 from Homo sapiens. PROTEINS: Struct. Funct.<br />
Bioin<strong>for</strong>matics 2010 78: 1326 - 1330.<br />
Montelione, G.T., Szyperski, T. Advances in protein NMR impacting drug discovery<br />
provided by the NIGMS Protein Structure Initiative. Curr. Opin. Drug Discovery 2010 13:<br />
335 - 349.<br />
Arragain, S., Garcia-Serres, R., Blondin, G., Douki, T., Clemancey, M., Latour, J-M.;<br />
Forouhar, F., Neely, H., Montelione, G.T., Hunt, J.F., Mulliez, E., Fontecave, M., Atta, M.<br />
Post-translational modification of ribosomal proteins: Structural <strong>and</strong> functional<br />
characterization of RimO from Thermotoga maritima, a radical S-adenosylmethionine<br />
methylthiotransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 2010 285: 5792 - 5801.<br />
Aramini, J.M., Tubbs, J.L., Kanugula, S., Rossi, P., Belote, R.L., Ciccosanti, C.T., Jiang, M.,<br />
Xiao, R., Soong, T., Rost, B., Acton, T.B., Everett, J.K., Pegg, A.E., Tainer, J.A.,<br />
Montelione, G.T. Structural basis of O6-alkylguanine recognition by a bacterial<br />
alkyltransferase-like DNA repair protein. J. Biol. Chem. 2010 285: 13736 - 13741.<br />
Arbing, M.A., H<strong>and</strong>elman, S.K., Kuzin, A.P., Verdon, G., Wang, C., Su, M., Rothenbacher,<br />
F.P., Abashidze, M., Liu, M., Hurley, J.M., Xiao, R., Acton, T., Inouye, M., Montelione,<br />
G.T., Woychik, N.A., Hunt, J.F. Crystal structures of Phd-Doc, HigA, <strong>and</strong> YeeU establish<br />
multiple evolutionary links between microbial growth-regulating toxin-antitoxin systems.<br />
Structure 2010 18: 996 - 1010.<br />
Price, W.N., H<strong>and</strong>elman, S.K., Everett, J., Tong, S.N., Bracic, A., Luff, J.D., Naumov, V.,<br />
Acton, T., Manor, P., Xiao, R., Rost, B., Montelione, G.T., Hunt, J.F. Large-scale<br />
experimental studies show unexpected amino acid effects on protein expression <strong>and</strong><br />
solubility in vivo in E. Coli. Microbial In<strong>for</strong>matics <strong>and</strong> Experimentation <strong>2011</strong> 1: 6 - 26.<br />
Nie, Y., Xiao, R., Xu, Y., Montelione, G.T. Novel anti-prelog stereospecific carbonyl<br />
reductases from C<strong>and</strong>ida parapsilosis <strong>for</strong> asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones. Org.<br />
Biomol. Chem. <strong>2011</strong> 9: 4070 - 4078.<br />
Schneider, W.M., Tang, Y., Vaiphei, S.T., Mao, L., Maglaqui, M., Inouye, M., Roth, M.J.,<br />
Montelione, G.T. Efficient condensed-phase production of perdeuterated soluble <strong>and</strong><br />
membrane proteins. J. Struct. Funct. Genomics 2010 11: 143 - 154.<br />
Liu, G., Huang, Y.J., Xiao, R., Wang, D., Acton, T.B., Montelione, G.T. Solution NMR<br />
structure of the ARID domain of human AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 3A:<br />
A human cancer protein interaction network target. PROTEINS: Struct Funct<br />
Bioin<strong>for</strong>matics 2010 78: 2170 - 2175.<br />
56
Zhao, L., Zhao, K., Hurst, R., Slater, M., Acton, T.B., Swapna, G.V.T., Shastry, R.,<br />
Kornhaber, G.J., Montelione, G.T. Engineering of a wheat germ expression system to<br />
provide compatibility with a high throughput pET-based cloning plat<strong>for</strong>m. J. Struct. Funct.<br />
Genomics 2010 11: 210 - 209.<br />
Lee, H-W., Wylie, G., Bonsal, S., Wang, X., Barb, A.W., Macnaughtan, M.A., Ertekin, A.,<br />
Montelione, G.T., Prestegard, J.H. Three-dimensional structures of the weakly associated<br />
protein homodimer SeR13 using RDCs <strong>and</strong> paramagnetic surface mapping. Protein Science<br />
2010 19: 1673 - 1685.<br />
Stark, J.L., Mercier, K.A., Mueller, G.A., Acton, T.B., Xiao, R., Montelione, G.T., Powers, R.<br />
Solution structure <strong>and</strong> function of YndB, an AHSA1 protein from Bacillus subtilis.<br />
PROTEINS: Struc. Funct. Bioin<strong>for</strong>matics 2010 78: 3328 - 3340.<br />
Tang, Y., Xiao, R.; Ciccosanti, C., Janjua, H., Lee, Y.L., Everett, J., Swapna, G.V.T., Acton,<br />
T.B., Rost, B., Montelione, G.T. Solution NMR structure of Lin0431 protein from Listeria<br />
innocua reveals high structural similarity with domain II of bacterial transcription<br />
antitermination protein NusG. PROTEINS: Struc. Funct. Bioin<strong>for</strong>matics 2010 78: 2563 -<br />
2568.<br />
Xiao, R., Anderson, S., Aramini, J.M., Belote, R., Buchwald, W., Ciccosanti, C., Conover, K.,<br />
Everett, J.K., Hamilton, K., Huang, Y.J., Janjua, H., Jiang, M., Kornhaber, G.J., Lee, D.Y.,<br />
Locke, J.Y., Ma, L.-C., Maglaqui, M., Mao, L., Mitra, S., Patel, D., Rossi, P., Sahdev, S.,<br />
Sharma, S., Shastry, R., Swapna, G.V.T., Tong, S.N., Wang, D., Wang, H., Zhao, L.,<br />
Montelione, G.T., Acton, T.B. The high-throughput protein sample production plat<strong>for</strong>m of<br />
the Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium. J. Struct. Biol. 2010 172: 21 - 33.<br />
Tang, Y., Schneider, W.M., Shen, Y., Raman, S., Inouye, M., Baker, D., Roth, M.J.,<br />
Montelione, G.T. Fully automated high quality NMR structure determination of small 2Henriched<br />
proteins. J. Struct. Funct. Genomics 2010 11: 223 - 232.<br />
Yang, Y., Ramelot, T.A., Cort, J.R., Wang, D., Ciccosanti, C., Hamilton, K., Nair, R., Rost,<br />
B., Acton, T.B., Xiao, R., Everett, J.K., Montelione, G.T., Kennedy, M. Solution NMR<br />
structure of photosystem II reaction center protein Psb28 from Synechocystis sp. strain PCC<br />
6803. PROTEINS: Struc. Funct. Bioin<strong>for</strong>matics <strong>2011</strong> 79: 340 - 344.<br />
Yang, Y., Ramelot, T.A., McCarrick, R., Ni, S., Feldmann, E., Cort, J.R., Wang, D.,<br />
Ciccosanti, C., Jiang, M., Janjua, H., Acton, T.B., Xiao, R., Everett, J.K., Montelione, G.T.,<br />
Kennedy, M. Combining NMR <strong>and</strong> EPR methods <strong>for</strong> homo-dimer protein structure<br />
determination. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010 132: 11910 - 11913.<br />
Love, J., Mancia, F., Shapiro, L., Punta, M., Rost, B., Girvin, M., Wang, D-N., Zhou, M.,<br />
Hunt, J.F., Szyperski, T., Gouaux, E., MacKinnon, R., McDermott, A., Honig, B., Inouye, M.,<br />
Montelione, G.T., Hendrickson, W.A. The New York Consortium on Membrane Structure<br />
(NYCOMPS): A high-throughput plat<strong>for</strong>m <strong>for</strong> structural genomics of integral membrane<br />
proteins. J. Struct. Funct. Genomics 2010 11: 191 - 199.<br />
57
Mani, R., Vorobiev, S., Swapna, G.V.T., Neely, H., Janjua, H., Ciccosanti, C., Xiao, R.,<br />
Acton, T.B., Everett, J.K., Hunt, J.F., Montelione, G.T. Solution NMR <strong>and</strong> X-ray crystal<br />
structures of membrane-associated lipoprotein-17 domain reveal a novel fold. J. Struct.<br />
Funct. Genomics <strong>2011</strong> 12: 27 - 32.<br />
Zhang, H., Constantine, R., Vorobiev, S., Chen, Y., Seetharaman, J., Huang, Y.J., Xiao, R.,<br />
Montelione, G.T., Gerstner, C.D., Davis, M.W., Inana, G., Whitby, F.G., Jorgensen, E.M.,<br />
Hill, C.P., Tong, L., Baehr, W. UNC119 is required <strong>for</strong> G protein trafficking in sensory<br />
neurons. Nature Neuroscience <strong>2011</strong> 14: 874 - 880.<br />
Aramini, J.M., Rossi, P., Cort, J., Ma, L-C., Xiao, R., Acton, T.B., Montelione, G.T.<br />
Solution NMR structure of the plasmid-encoded fimbriae regulatory protein PefI from<br />
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. PROTEINS: Struc. Funct. Bioin<strong>for</strong>matics <strong>2011</strong><br />
79: 335 - 339.<br />
Forouhar, F., Lew, S., Seetharaman, J., Xiao, R., Acton, T.B., Montelione, G.T., Tong, L.<br />
Crystal structures of bacterial biosynthetic arginine decarboxylases. Acta Cryst. F. 2010<br />
F66: 1562 – 1566.<br />
Montelione, G.T., Szyperski, T. IOS Press, Editors A.J. Dingley <strong>and</strong> S.M. Pascal.<br />
Advances in NMR-based structural genomics spectroscopy. Advances in BioNMR<br />
Spectroscopy 2010<br />
Vaiphei, S.T., Tang, Y., Montelione, G.T., Inouye, M. The use of the condensed single<br />
protein production (cSPP) system <strong>for</strong> isotope-labeled outer membrane proteins, OmpA <strong>and</strong><br />
OmpX in E. coli. Molecular <strong>Biotechnology</strong> <strong>2011</strong> 47: 205 – 210.<br />
You, L., Cho, E.J., Leavitt, J., Ma, L-C., Montelione, G.T., Anslyn, E.V., Krug, R.M.,<br />
Ellington, A., Robertus, J.D. Synthesis <strong>and</strong> evaluation of quinoxaline derivatives as<br />
potential NS1A protein inhibitors. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. <strong>2011</strong> 21: 3007 - 3011.<br />
Schauder, C., Ma, L-C., Krug, R.M., Montelione, G.T., Guan, R. Crystal structure of iSH2<br />
domain of human phosphoinositide3-kinase p85β subunit reveals con<strong>for</strong>mational plasticity<br />
in the interhelical turn region. Acta Cryst. F. 2010 F66: 1567 - 1571.<br />
Vorobiev, S.M., Huang, Y.J., Seetharaman, J., Xiao, R., Acton, T.B., Montelione, G.T.,<br />
Tong, L. Structure <strong>and</strong> function of human retinoblastoma binding protein 9 (RBBP9).<br />
Protein Peptide Letts <strong>2011</strong> (e-pub ahead of print)<br />
58
Acton, T.B., Xiao, R., Anderson, S., Aramini, J.M., Buchwald, W., Ciccosanti, C., Conover,<br />
K., Everett, J.K., Hamilton, K., Huang, Y.J., Janjua, H., Kornhaber, G.J., Lau, J., Lee, D.Y.,<br />
Liu, G., Maglaqui, M., Ma, L-C., Mao, L., Patel, D., Rossi, P., Sahdev, S., Sharma, S., Shastry,<br />
R., Swapna, G.V.T., Tang, Y., Tong, S.N., Wang, D., Wang, H., Zhao, L., Montelione, G.T.<br />
Preparation of protein samples <strong>for</strong> NMR structure, function, <strong>and</strong> Small Molecule screening<br />
studies. Meth. Enzymology <strong>2011</strong> 493: 21 - 60.<br />
Mao, L., Inoue, K., Tao, Y., Montelione, G.T., McDermott, A.E., Inouye, M. J. Suppression of<br />
phospholipid biosynthesis by cerulenin in the condensed Single-Protein-Production (cSPP)<br />
system. Biomol. NMR <strong>2011</strong> 49: 131 - 137.<br />
Ramelot, T.A., Smola, M.J., Lee, H-W., Ciccosanti, C., Hamilton, K., Acton, T.B., Xiao, R.,<br />
Everett, J.K., Prestegard, J.H., Montelione, G.T., Kennedy, M.A. Solution NMR structure of<br />
4’-phosphopantetheine - GmACP3 from Geobacter metallireducens: a specialized acyl carrier<br />
protein with aty[ical structural features <strong>and</strong> a putative role in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis.<br />
Biochemistry <strong>2011</strong> 50: 1442 - 1453.<br />
Yin, C., Aramini, J.M., Ma, L-C., Cort, J.R.; Swapna, G.V.T.; Krug, R.M.; Montelione, G.T.<br />
Backbone <strong>and</strong> Ile-δ1, Leu, Val methyl 1H, 13C <strong>and</strong> 15N NMR chemical shift assignments <strong>for</strong><br />
human interferon-stimulated gene 15 protein. J. Biomol. NMR Assignments <strong>2011</strong> 5: 215 -<br />
219.<br />
Karanicolas, J., Corn, J.E., Chen, I., Joachimiak, L.A., Dym, O., Peck, S.H., Albeck, S., Unger,<br />
T., Hu, W., Liu, G., Delbecq, S., Montelione, G.T., Spiegel, C.P., Liu, D.R., Baker, D. A de<br />
novo protein binding pair by computational design <strong>and</strong> directed evolution. Molecular Cell<br />
<strong>2011</strong> 42: 250 - 260.<br />
Grant, T., Luft, J.R., Wolfley, J.R., Tsuruta, H., Martel, A., Montelione, G.T., Snell, E. Small<br />
angle x-ray scattering as a complementary tool <strong>for</strong> high-throughput structural studies.<br />
Biopolymers <strong>2011</strong> 95: 517 - 530.<br />
Sgourakis, N.G., Lange, O.F., DiMaio, F., André, I., Fitzkee, N.C., Rossi, P., Montelione, G.T.,<br />
Bax, A., Baker, D. Determination of the structures of symmetric protein oligomers from NMR<br />
chemical shifts <strong>and</strong> residual dipolar couplings. J. Am. Chem. Soc. <strong>2011</strong> 133: 6288 - 6298.<br />
Barb, A.W., Cort, J.R., Seetharaman, J., Lew, S., Lee, H.W., Acton, T., Xiao, R., Kennedy,<br />
M.A., Tong, L., Montelione, G.T., Prestegard, J.H. Structures of domains I <strong>and</strong> IV from YbbR<br />
are representative of a widely distributed protein family. Protein Science <strong>2011</strong> 20: 396 - 405.<br />
59
Chu, C., Das, K., Tyminski, J.R., Bauman, J.D., Guan, R., Qiu, W., Montelione, G.T.,<br />
Arnold, E., Shatkin, A.J. Structure of the guanylyltransferase domain of human mRNA<br />
capping enzyme. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. <strong>2011</strong> 108: 10104 - 10108.<br />
Mao, B., Guan, R., Montelione, G.T. Improved technologies now routinely provide<br />
protein NMR structures useful <strong>for</strong> molecular replacement. Structure <strong>2011</strong> 19: 757 - 766.<br />
Aramini, J. M., Ma, L.-C., Zhou, L., Schauder, C. M., Hamilton, K., Amer, B. R., Mack, T.<br />
R., Lee, H.-W., Ciccosanti, C.T., Zhao, L., Xiao, R., Krug, R. M., Montelione, G. T.<br />
(<strong>2011</strong>) The dimer interface of the effector domain of non-structural protein 1 from<br />
influenza A virus: an interface with multiple functions. J. Biol. Chem. <strong>2011</strong> 286: 26050 -<br />
26060.<br />
Aramini, J.M., Rossi, P., Fischer, M., Xiao, R., Acton, T.B., Montelione, G.T. Solution<br />
NMR structure of VF0530 from Vibrio fischeri reveals a nucleic-acid binding function.<br />
PROTEINS: Struc. Funct. Bioin<strong>for</strong>matics <strong>2011</strong> 79: 2988 - 2991.<br />
Guan, R., Ma, L-C; Leonard, P.G., Amer, B.R., Sridharan, H., Zhao, C., Krug, R.M.,<br />
Montelione, G.T. Structural basis <strong>for</strong> the sequence-specific recognition of human ISG15<br />
by the NS1 protein of influenza B virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. <strong>2011</strong> 108: 13468 -<br />
13473.<br />
Eletsky, A., Ruyechan, W.T., Xiao, R., Acton, T.B., Montelione, G.T., Szyperski, T.<br />
Solution NMR structure of MED25(391-543) comprising the activator-interacting domain<br />
(ACID) of human mediator subunit 25. J. Struct. Funct. Genomics <strong>2011</strong> 12: 159 - 166.<br />
Forouhar, F., Saadat, N., Hussain, M., Seetharaman, J., Lee, I., Janjua, H., Xiao, R.,<br />
Shastry, R., Acton, T., Montelione, G.T., Tong, L. A large con<strong>for</strong>mational change in the<br />
putative ATP pyrophosphatase PF0828 induced by ATP binding. Acta Cryst. F <strong>2011</strong><br />
67:1323 - 1327.<br />
Lowery, J., Szul, T., Seetharaman, J., Xiaoying, J., Su, M., Forouhar, F., Xiao, R., Acton,<br />
T.B., Montelione, G.T., Lin, H., Wright, J.W., Lee, E., Holloway, Z.G., R<strong>and</strong>azzo, P.A.,<br />
Tong, L., Sztul, E. A novel C-terminal motif within the Sec7 domain of guanine<br />
nucleotide exchange factors regulates ARF binding <strong>and</strong> activation. J. Biol. Chem. <strong>2011</strong><br />
286: 36898 - 36906.<br />
Yang, Y., Ramelot, T.A., Cort, J.R., Wang, D., Ciccosanti, C., Jiang, M., Acton, T.B.,<br />
Xiao, R., Everett, J.K., Montelione, G.T., Kennedy, M. Solution NMR structure of<br />
Dsy0195 homodimer from Desulfitobacterium hafniense: First structure representative of<br />
the YapB domain family of proteins involved in spore coat assembly. J. Struct. Funct.<br />
Genomics <strong>2011</strong> 12: 175 - 179.<br />
60
Kryshtafovych, A., Bartual, S.G., Bazan, J.F., Berman, H., Casteel, D.E., Christodoulou, E.,<br />
Everett, J.K., Hausmann, J., Heidebrecht, T., Hills, T., Hui, R., Hunt, J.F., Tong, L.,<br />
Jayaraman, S., Joachimiak, A., Kennedy, M., Kim, C., Lingel, A., Michalska, K., Montelione,<br />
G.T., Otero, J.M., Perrakis, A., Pizarro, M.J., van Raaij, M.J., Ramelot, T.A., Rousseau, F.,<br />
Weraimont, A.K., Young, J., Schwede, T. Target highlights in CASP9: experimental target<br />
structures <strong>for</strong> the critical assessment of techniques from protein structure prediction.<br />
PROTEINS: Struc. Funct. Bioin<strong>for</strong>matics <strong>2011</strong> (e-pub ahead of print).<br />
Feldmann, E.A., Ramelot, T.A., Yang, Y., Xiao, R., Acton, T.B., Everett, J.K., Montelione,<br />
G.T., Kennedy, M.A. Solution NMR structure of Asl3597 from Nostoc sp. PCC7120, the first<br />
structure from protein domain family PF12095, adopts a novel fold. PROTEINS: Struc. Funct.<br />
Bioin<strong>for</strong>matics <strong>2011</strong> (e-pub ahead of print).<br />
Rosato, A., Aramini, J.M., Arrowsmith, C., Bagaria, A., Baker, D., Cavalli, A., Doreleijers,<br />
J.F., Eletsky, A., Giachetti, A., Guerry, P., Gutmanas, A., Güntert, P., He, Y., Herrmann, T.,<br />
Huang, Y.J., Jaravine, V., Jonker, H.R.A., Kennedy, M.A., Lange, O.F., Liu, G., Malliavan,<br />
T.E., Mani, R., Mao, B., Montelione, G.T., Nilges, M., Possi, P., van der Schot, G., Schwalbe,<br />
H., Szyperski, T.A., Vendruscolo, M., Vernon, R., Vranken, W.F., de Vries, S., Vuister, G.W.,<br />
Wu, B., Yang, Y., Bonvin, A.M.J.J. Blind testing of routine, fully automated determination of<br />
protein structures from NMR data. Nature Methods <strong>2011</strong> (in press).<br />
Bagaria, A., Jaravine, V., Huang, Y.P., Montelione, G.T., Guntert, P. Protein structure<br />
validation by generalized linear model root-mean-square deviation prediction Protein Science<br />
<strong>2011</strong> (in press).<br />
61
Dr. Vikas N<strong>and</strong>a<br />
CABM Resident Faculty Member<br />
Associate Professor<br />
Department of Biochemistry<br />
UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson<br />
Medical School<br />
Dr. Fei Xu<br />
Research Associate<br />
Dr. Agustina<br />
Rodriguez-Granillo<br />
Research Assistant<br />
Dr. James Stapleton<br />
Postdoctoral Fellow<br />
Dr. Isaac John Khan<br />
Postdoctoral Assoc.<br />
Dr. Avanish Parmar<br />
Postdoctoral Assoc.<br />
Sumana Giddu<br />
Research Teaching Spec.<br />
Teresita Silva<br />
Research Teaching Spec.<br />
Daniel Hsieh<br />
Graduate Student<br />
Protein Design <strong>and</strong> Evolution Laboratory<br />
Dr. Vikas N<strong>and</strong>a joined CABM in September of 2005 after studying as an<br />
NIH National Research Service Award postdoctoral fellow in the laboratory<br />
of Dr. William DeGrado at the Department of Biochemistry <strong>and</strong> Biophysics<br />
at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. His research focused<br />
on studying the molecular basis of transmembrane interactions among<br />
integrins involved in regulation of platelet hemostasis. Prior to that, Dr.<br />
N<strong>and</strong>a received his doctorate in Biochemistry from Johns Hopkins<br />
University. His laboratory is supported by federal grants including a recent<br />
highly competitive NIH New Innovator Award.<br />
.<br />
Our group is interested in constructing new proteins <strong>for</strong> applications in biomedical<br />
research, nanotechnology <strong>and</strong> as tools <strong>for</strong> underst<strong>and</strong>ing how proteins fold <strong>and</strong><br />
evolve. Significant progress has been made in the last decade using sophisticated<br />
computer programs to design proteins with novel folds <strong>and</strong> functions. We maintain<br />
<strong>and</strong> develop the software package, protCAD (protein computer aided molecular<br />
design), which has been applied to protein design, structure prediction <strong>and</strong> docking<br />
of protein lig<strong>and</strong> complexes.<br />
Computational Design of an Extracellular Matrix<br />
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network of collagens, laminins,<br />
fibronectins <strong>and</strong> proteoglycans that provides a surface upon which cells can adhere,<br />
differentiate <strong>and</strong> proliferate. Defects in the ECM are the underlying cause of a wide<br />
spectrum of diseases. The ECM mediates endothelial cell polarity <strong>and</strong> under normal<br />
conditions can suppress pre-oncogenic transitions to a neoplastic state. We are<br />
constructing artificial, de novo collagen-based matrices using a hierarchic<br />
computational approach. These matrices will be physically characterized in the<br />
laboratory <strong>and</strong> used to probe the role of chemical <strong>and</strong> spatial organization in the<br />
ECM on the tumor <strong>for</strong>ming potential of adhered cells. Successfully designed<br />
matrices will be applied to engineering safer artificial tissues.<br />
Rational Design of Enhanced Peptide Therapeutics<br />
Peptides are an emergent <strong>and</strong> important class of therapeutics with over <strong>for</strong>ty<br />
compounds on the market <strong>and</strong> nearly 700 more in clinical or pre-clinical trials.<br />
During the development of peptide drugs, D-enantiomers of amino acids are<br />
frequently incorporated to improve pharmacokinetic <strong>and</strong> pharmacodynamics<br />
62
properties by lowering susceptibility to proteolysis. Typically, such modifications are<br />
introduced in lead compounds by trial-<strong>and</strong>-error or combinatorial approaches.<br />
Our laboratory is developing components in protCAD to simulate the impact of nonnatural<br />
amino acids on structure <strong>and</strong> stability. Using fundamental principles of protein<br />
design, we will pursue the computational, structure-based development of peptides<br />
with variable chirality, broadly extending our capacity to create safe <strong>and</strong> potent<br />
therapeutics.<br />
Biochemical Basis of Food Allergies<br />
A crucial <strong>and</strong> unanswered question in the field of food allergy research is why certain<br />
proteins elicit an IgE mediated immune response, while others are tolerated. One<br />
compelling model is that non-allergens are more digestible, resulting in sufficient<br />
protein degradation in the stomach <strong>and</strong> intestine to render the remaining fragments<br />
immunologically inert. In this project, we develop a highly defined system <strong>for</strong><br />
exploring the relationship between digestibility <strong>and</strong> allergenicity using engineered<br />
variants of protein allergens from peanut <strong>and</strong> shrimp.<br />
Natural collagens in the connective<br />
tissue or the basement membrane<br />
assemble in a hierarchic fashion.<br />
Our peptides proceed from<br />
monomer to trimer to fiber, <strong>and</strong><br />
finally to a hydrogel. Hydrogels are<br />
versatile materials with applications<br />
in drug delivery, tissue scaffolds<br />
<strong>and</strong> enzyme immobilization. Insight<br />
gained from this study will improve<br />
molecular design of biomimetic<br />
materials. TOP PICTURE: Phase<br />
diagram of peptides CPB <strong>and</strong> CPC<br />
combinations showing the diversity<br />
of self-assembling structures<br />
<strong>for</strong>med. BOTTOM PICTURE:<br />
Electron Microscopy images of<br />
negatively stained CPB:CPC<br />
samples at various mixing ratios.<br />
Mihir Joshi<br />
Research Assistant<br />
Kenneth<br />
McGuinness<br />
Research Asstistant<br />
Yol<strong>and</strong>a Hom<br />
Technician<br />
63
Publications:<br />
Rodriguez-Granillo, A., Annavarapu, S., Zhang, L., Koder, R.L., N<strong>and</strong>a, V.<br />
Computational Design of Thermostabilizing D-Amino Acid Substitutions. J. Am. Chem.<br />
Soc. (in press)<br />
Xu, F., Zahid, S., Silva, T., N<strong>and</strong>a, V. Computational Design of a Collagen A:B:C-type<br />
Heterotrimer. J. Am. Chem. Soc. <strong>2011</strong> 183:15260-63.<br />
Hsieh, D., Davis, A., N<strong>and</strong>a, V. A Knowledge Based Potential Highlights Differences in<br />
Membrane a-helical <strong>and</strong> b-barrel Protein Insertion <strong>and</strong> Folding. Prot. Sci. (in press)<br />
Woronowicz, K., Sha, D., Frese, R.N., Sturgis, J.N., N<strong>and</strong>a, V., Niederman, R.A. The<br />
effects of protein crowding in bacterial photosynthetic membranes on the flow of quinone<br />
redox species between the photochemical reaction center <strong>and</strong> the ubiquinol-cytochrome c2<br />
oxidoreductase. Metallomics <strong>2011</strong> 3(8):765-74.<br />
N<strong>and</strong>a, V., Zahid, S., Xu, F., Levine, D. Computational Design of Intermolecular Stability<br />
<strong>and</strong> Specificity in Protein Self-Assembly. Methods Enzym. <strong>2011</strong> 487:575-93.<br />
Braun, P., Goldberg, E., Negron, C., von Jan, M., Xu, F., N<strong>and</strong>a, V., Koder, R.L., Noy, D.<br />
Design principles <strong>for</strong> chlorophyll-binding sites in helical proteins. Proteins. <strong>2011</strong><br />
79(2):463-76.<br />
Stapleton, J.A., Rodriguez-Granillo, A., N<strong>and</strong>a, V. Chapter 3.2-Artificial Enzymes (in<br />
Nanobiotechnology H<strong>and</strong>book). Taylor & Frances Group (in press)<br />
Rodriguez-Granillo, A., N<strong>and</strong>a, V. Designing new enzymes with molecular simulations.<br />
<strong>Biotechnology</strong> International <strong>2011</strong><br />
N<strong>and</strong>a, V., Koder ,R.L. Designing artificial enzymes by intuition <strong>and</strong> computation.<br />
Nature Chemistry 2010 2(1):15-24.<br />
Xu, F., Zhang, L., Koder, R.L., N<strong>and</strong>a, V. De novo self-assembling collagen heterotrimers<br />
using explicit positive <strong>and</strong> negative design. Biochemistry. 2010 49(11):2307-16.<br />
Grzyb, J., Xu, F., Weiner, L., Reijerse, E.J., Lubizt, W., N<strong>and</strong>a, V., Noy, D. De novo<br />
design of a non-natural fold <strong>for</strong> an iron-sulfur protein: alpha-helical coiled coil with fouriron<br />
four-sulfur cluster binding site in its central core. Biochim BIophys Acta 2010<br />
1797(3):406-13.<br />
64
Dr. Ann M. Stock<br />
Associate Director of CABM<br />
Investigator<br />
Howard Hughes Medical Institute<br />
Professor<br />
Department of Biochemistry<br />
UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson<br />
Medical School<br />
Dr. Rong Gao<br />
Research Associate<br />
Dr. Christopher<br />
Barbieri<br />
Postdoctoral Associate<br />
Dr. Paul Leonard<br />
Postdoctoral Associate<br />
Ian Bezar<br />
Graduate Fellow<br />
Hua Han<br />
Graduate Student<br />
Ti Wu<br />
Research Teaching Spec.<br />
Jizong Gao<br />
Research Specialist<br />
Protein Crystallography Laboratory<br />
Dr. Ann Stock per<strong>for</strong>med graduate work on the biochemistry of signal transduction<br />
proteins with Professor Daniel E. Koshl<strong>and</strong>, Jr. at the University of Cali<strong>for</strong>nia at<br />
Berkeley. From 1987 to 1991 she pursued structural analysis of these proteins<br />
while a postdoctoral fellow with Professor Clarence Schutt at Princeton University<br />
<strong>and</strong> Professor Gregory Petsko at the Structural Biology Laboratory in the<br />
Rosenstiel <strong>Center</strong> at Br<strong>and</strong>eis University. Stock has received National Science<br />
Foundation Predoctoral <strong>and</strong> Damon Runyon-Walter Winchell Postdoctoral<br />
Fellowships, a Lucille P. Markey Scholar Award in Biomedical Science, an NSF<br />
Young Investigator Award, a Sinsheimer Scholar Award <strong>and</strong> an NIH MERIT Award<br />
in 2002. She has received the Foundation of UMDNJ Excellence in Teaching<br />
Award, the Molecular Biosciences Graduate Association Educator of the Year<br />
Award <strong>and</strong> the designation of Master Educator at UMDNJ. In 2004 Stock was<br />
selected as an Outst<strong>and</strong>ing Scientist by the NJ Association <strong>for</strong> Biomedical Research.<br />
She was elected Fellow of the American Association <strong>for</strong> the Advancement of Science<br />
in 2006 <strong>and</strong> fellow of the American Academy <strong>for</strong> Microbiology in 2007. Stock was<br />
an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute from 1994-<strong>2011</strong>. She<br />
served as Chair of the Board of Scientific Counselors <strong>for</strong> the NIH-National Institute<br />
of Dental <strong>and</strong> Craniofacial Research in 2008-2009 <strong>and</strong> currently serves as an<br />
Editor of the Journal of Bacteriology. She served on the Council of the American<br />
Society <strong>for</strong> Biochemistry <strong>and</strong> Molecular Biology from 2008-<strong>2011</strong> <strong>and</strong> currently<br />
serves as a member of the ASBMB Education & Professional Development <strong>and</strong><br />
Finance Committees. Stock serves as an elected member of the RWJMS Faculty<br />
Council <strong>and</strong> the UMDNJ Faculty Senate.<br />
The research of the Stock laboratory focuses on structure/function studies of signal<br />
transduction proteins. Ef<strong>for</strong>t is concentrated on response regulator proteins that are<br />
the core of two-component systems, the most prevalent signal transduction pathways<br />
in bacteria. These systems are important <strong>for</strong> virulence in pathogenic organisms <strong>and</strong><br />
are targets <strong>for</strong> development of new antibiotics.<br />
The Stock laboratory has continued to focus ef<strong>for</strong>ts on characterizing representative<br />
members of the OmpR/PhoB transcription factor subfamily of response regulator<br />
proteins, but now from a systems biology perspective. Studies have shifted from in<br />
vitro analyses to in vivo analyses with the goal of being able to describe the<br />
parameters of protein levels, phosphorylation states, <strong>and</strong> gene expression activity<br />
during induction of the phosphate assimilation pathway, a model two-component<br />
system in E. coli. Tools have been developed <strong>and</strong> data are being accumulated that<br />
will hopefully allow the mathematical modeling of the mechanism of regulation in a<br />
representative two-component system.<br />
An additional research focus is characterization of two-component systems of<br />
Staphylococcus aureus, a re-emerging pathogen that is currently associated with<br />
more deaths annually in the United States than HIV1 (AIDS). New classes of drugs<br />
are needed to combat the economic <strong>and</strong> health burden of drug-resistant S. aureus<br />
strains (i.e. methicillin-resistant, MRSA). Several response regulators in<br />
Staphylococcus aureus play important roles in virulence <strong>and</strong> are potential drug<br />
targets. The Stock laboratory has focused ef<strong>for</strong>ts on two S. aureus transcription<br />
factors, AgrA <strong>and</strong> VraR. In 2008, the Stock laboratory reported the structure of the<br />
65
DNA-binding domain of AgrA, establishing a novel fold <strong>for</strong> the LytTR domain that<br />
regulates virulence factor expression in many pathogenic bacteria. Recent studies<br />
have focused on purification <strong>and</strong> characterization of full-length AgrA with an<br />
emphasis on underst<strong>and</strong>ing the role of the extreme C terminus that is altered by a<br />
phase-variation mechanism, inactivating AgrA at late stages of infection.<br />
WATERGATE LOGSY NMR experiments were used to identify drug-like fragments<br />
that bind to AgrA. All six lig<strong>and</strong>s identified bind to the same site, overlapping the<br />
surface required <strong>for</strong> binding. Three of the fragments have been shown to inhibit DNA<br />
binding <strong>and</strong> are being pursued <strong>for</strong> inhibitor development. The Stock laboratory has<br />
determined the structures of both inactive <strong>and</strong> activated full-length VraR, a<br />
vancomycin-resistance-associated regulator that plays a central role in maintaining<br />
the integrity of the cell wall peptidoglycan <strong>and</strong> in coordinating responses to cell wall<br />
damage. These structures represent the first inactive <strong>and</strong> active pair of full-length<br />
response regulator transcription factors. The structures establish the mechanism of<br />
activation of VraR via dimerization <strong>and</strong> reveal an unusual deep binding pocket with<br />
great potential <strong>for</strong> inhibitor development. Virtual docking analyses using the Zinc<br />
database of available compounds have identified many compounds predicted to bind<br />
to this pocket. In collaboration with Ed LaVoie (School of Pharmacy, Rutgers<br />
University) <strong>and</strong> John Kerrigan (CINJ), these compounds have been ranked <strong>and</strong> several<br />
have been selected as a starting point <strong>for</strong> inhibitor development.<br />
Dimer interface of active VraR<br />
receiver domain. The protruding<br />
Methionine 13 from one monomer<br />
fits into a deep binding cleft of the<br />
other monomer, a site that is<br />
being targeted <strong>for</strong> development of<br />
inhibitors as leads <strong>for</strong><br />
development of novel antibiotics.<br />
66
Publications:<br />
Barbieri, C.M., Mack, T.R., Robinson, V.L., Miller, M.T. <strong>and</strong> Stock, A.M. Regulation of<br />
response regulator autophosphorylation through interdomain contacts. J. Biol. Chem. 2010<br />
285: 32325-32335.<br />
Dixit, S.S., Jadot, M., Sohar, I., Sleat, D.E., Stock, A.M. <strong>and</strong> Lobel, P. Biochemical<br />
alterations resulting from the loss of either NPC1 or NPC2 suggest that these proteins<br />
underlie Niemann-Pick C disease function in a common lysosomal pathway. PLOS One<br />
<strong>2011</strong> in Press.<br />
67
Education, Training <strong>and</strong> Technology Transfer<br />
Lectures <strong>and</strong> Seminars 69<br />
CABM Lecture Series 70<br />
<strong>Annual</strong> Retreat 71<br />
25 th <strong>Annual</strong> Symposium 73<br />
Undergraduate Students 76<br />
Administrative <strong>and</strong> Support Staff 77<br />
Patents 78<br />
Scientific Advisory Board 81<br />
Current Members 82<br />
Past Members 84<br />
Fiscal In<strong>for</strong>mation 86<br />
Grants <strong>and</strong> Contracts 87<br />
68
Lectures <strong>and</strong> Seminars<br />
69
Lecture Series 2010-<strong>2011</strong><br />
Lectures will be held in CABM Seminar Room 010 unless otherwise noted<br />
October 19, 2010 – Waksman Auditorium<br />
(Pre-Registration Required)<br />
24th <strong>Annual</strong> CABM Symposium<br />
“Cancer – Progress & Prospects”<br />
Wednesday, November 17, 12:00<br />
Robert Lamb, HHMI, Northwestern University<br />
“Influenza Virus Budding: Who Needs an ESCRT When There Is M2 Protein”<br />
Wednesday, December 1, 12:00<br />
Alanna Schepartz, Yale University<br />
“Exploring Biology with Molecules that Nature Chose not to Synthesize”<br />
Wednesday, January 19, 2010,12:00<br />
Evgeny Nudler, New York University, School of Medicine<br />
“Trafficking <strong>and</strong> Cooperation in Gene Regulation <strong>and</strong> Genome Instability”<br />
Wednesday, February 2, 12:00<br />
Smita Patel, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School<br />
“Mechanistic studies of a ring-shaped helicase that coordinates DNA replication”<br />
Wednesday, March 30, 12:00<br />
Charles Rice, The Rockefeller University<br />
“Hepatitis C virus: New insights into replication <strong>and</strong> control”<br />
Wednesday, April 13, 12:00<br />
Nahum Sonenberg, McGill University<br />
“Translational Control of Cancer”<br />
Supported by Sanofi Aventis<br />
70
CABM RETREAT, June 30, <strong>2011</strong><br />
Cook Campus <strong>Center</strong>, New Brunswick, NJ<br />
Program<br />
8:15 AM Registration, Poster Set-up <strong>and</strong> Continental Breakfast<br />
8:45 AM Opening Remarks – Aaron J. Shatkin<br />
9:00 AM Session I – Gene Expression –From Structure to Behavior <strong>and</strong> Steps In Between<br />
Chair: Janet Huang - Structural Bioin<strong>for</strong>matics <strong>and</strong> Proteomics Lab (Guy Montelione)<br />
Shuchismita Dutta – Protein Data Bank Lab (Helen Berman)<br />
“Molecular Anatomy Project: Promoting a Structural View of Biology”<br />
Lili Mao – Bacterial Physiology <strong>and</strong> Protein Engineering Lab (Masayori Inouye)<br />
“The Single Protein Production (SPP) system in E. coli”<br />
Hua Han – Protein Crystallography Lab (Ann Stock)<br />
“The Kinetics of phospho regulation by PhoBR two-component system in E. coli “<br />
Evrim Yildirim – Molecular Chronobiology Lab (Isaac Edery)<br />
“Phosphorylation of S826/828 on PER sets the pace of circadian clock”<br />
Weihua Qiu – Molecular Virology Lab (Aaron Shatkin)<br />
“Structure of the Guanylyltransferase Domain of Human mRNA Capping Enzyme”<br />
Stephen Anderson – Protein Engineering Lab (Stephen Anderson)<br />
“Production of human transcription factor immunogens”<br />
10:30 AM Coffee Break <strong>and</strong> Posters<br />
11:00 AM Session II – Model Systems to Study Growth <strong>and</strong> Development<br />
Chair: Su Xu – Protein Targeting Lab (Peter Lobel)<br />
Kenneth McGuinness – Protein Design <strong>and</strong> Evolution Lab (Vikas N<strong>and</strong>a)<br />
“Designing Collagen Self-Assembly using Hydrophobic Interactions”<br />
Céline Granier – Viral Pathogenesis Lab (Arnold Rabson)<br />
“PDCD2, a Novel Nuclear Body-associated Protein in Embryonic Stem Cells <strong>and</strong> Mouse<br />
Development”<br />
Bo Li – Developmental Neurogenetics Lab (Jim Millonig)<br />
“Vacuolated lens (vl): a multigenic mouse mutant model of Neural Tube Defects (NTDs)”<br />
71
12:30 PM Lunch <strong>and</strong> Break<br />
Kamana Misra – Molecular Neurodevelopment Lab (Meng Xiang)<br />
“To be or not to be" A neuron's perspective<br />
2:15 PM Posters <strong>and</strong> Coffee<br />
4:30 PM Close<br />
Session III – Underst<strong>and</strong>ing Disease at the Molecular Level as a Basis <strong>for</strong> Developing<br />
Novel Therapies<br />
Chair: Kamana Misra – Molecular Neurodevelopment Lab (Meng Xiang)<br />
Mary Fitzgerald Ho – Biomolecular Crystallography Lab (Eddy Arnold)<br />
“GE23077: A novel bacterial RNA polymerase inhibitor”<br />
Joseph Marcotrigiano – Structural Virology Lab (Joe Marcotrigiano)<br />
“The Structure of a Precursor from the Alphavirus Replication Complex sheds light on<br />
pathogenesis <strong>and</strong> mechanisms of polyprotein processing”<br />
Rongjin Guan – Structural Bioin<strong>for</strong>matics <strong>and</strong> Proteomics Lab (Guy Montelione)<br />
“Structural Basis <strong>for</strong> the Sequence-Specific Recognition of Human ISG15 by the NS1 Protein<br />
of Influenza B Virus”<br />
Yu Meng – Protein Targeting Lab (Peter Lobel)<br />
“Intravenous enzyme replacement therapy <strong>for</strong> late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis<br />
(LINCL)”<br />
Fang Liu – Growth <strong>and</strong> Differential Lab (Fang Liu)<br />
“Pin1 promotes TGF-beta-induced migration <strong>and</strong> invasion”<br />
Na Yang – Tumor Virology Lab (Céline Gélinas)<br />
“Underst<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>and</strong> targeting Bfl-1 turnover to overcome chemoresistance”<br />
72
25 th Anniversary CABM Symposium<br />
Friday, October 21, <strong>2011</strong><br />
Program<br />
8:15 am Registration & Continental Breakfast<br />
RWJMS Great Hall<br />
9:00 am Welcoming Remarks<br />
Aaron J. Shatkin, PhD<br />
Professor <strong>and</strong> Director, CABM<br />
Richard L. McCormick, PhD<br />
President, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey<br />
Session I: Chairperson: Joanna Chiu, PhD<br />
Assistant Professor, UC Davis<br />
9:10 am Phillip Sharp, PhD<br />
Institute Professor, MIT<br />
“The Cell Biology of Small Noncoding RNAs”<br />
9:50 am Ken Valenzano, PhD<br />
Vice President, Amicus Therapeutics<br />
“Pharmacological Chaperones Offer a Two-pronged Approach to Treat Lysosomal Storage<br />
Disorders: Fabry Disease as a Case Study”<br />
10:10 am Zhenyu Yue, PhD<br />
Associate Professor, Mt. Sinai Medical School<br />
“From LRRK2 Kinase to the Hope of Underst<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>and</strong> Treating Parkinson’s Disease”<br />
10:30 am Coffee Break<br />
Session II: Chairperson: Wei-xing Zong, PhD<br />
Assistant Professor, SUNY Stony Brook<br />
11:00 am Robert Roeder, PhD<br />
Arnold <strong>and</strong> Mabel Beckman Professor, Rockefeller University<br />
“Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms in Animal Cells”<br />
12:00 pm Scott Banta, PhD<br />
Associate Professor, Columbia University<br />
“Development of the Beta Roll Motif as a Novel Biomolecular Recognition Scaffold”<br />
74
12:20 pm Lunch Break<br />
RWJMS Great Hall<br />
1:00 pm Poster Session<br />
RWJMS Great Hall<br />
Session III: Chairperson: Jun Zhu, PhD<br />
Director, DNA Sequencing <strong>and</strong> Computational Biology Core, NIH-NHLBI<br />
2:00 pm Wayne Hendrickson, PhD<br />
University Professor, Columbia University; Investigator, HHMI<br />
“Structural Analysis of SLAC1-family Anion Channel Activity”<br />
2:40 pm Snezana Djordjevic, PhD<br />
Senior Lecture, University College London, UK<br />
“Small Molecule Inhibitors of the VEFG-Neuropilin Interaction”<br />
3:00 pm Hunter Moseley, PhD<br />
Assistant Professor, University of Louisville<br />
“Metabolic Modeling of Converging Metabolic Pathways: Analysis of Non-Steady State<br />
Stable Isotope-Resolved Metabolomics Data of UDP-GlcNAc <strong>and</strong> UDP-GalNAc”<br />
3:20 pm Coffee Break<br />
Session IV: Chairperson: Minjung Kim, PhD<br />
Assistant Professor, Moffitt Cancer <strong>Center</strong>, Tampa, FL<br />
3:50 pm Joseph Marcotrigiano, PhD<br />
CABM Resident Faculty Member; Assistant Professor, Rutgers University<br />
“The Innate Immune Response to Viral RNA”<br />
4:20 pm Bruce Alberts, PhD<br />
Editor, Science; Professor Emeritus, UCSF<br />
“Stimulating Innovation in Scientific Research”<br />
5:00 pm Closing<br />
5:10 pm Reception<br />
RWJMS Great Hall<br />
75
Edery Lab<br />
Joseph Albistur<br />
George Ghanim (SURE)<br />
Yee Chen Low<br />
Neal Mehta<br />
Jash Vakil (SURE)<br />
Gelinas Lab<br />
Nikita Ekhelikar (SURE)<br />
Inouye Lab<br />
Yuliya Afinogenova<br />
Shantanu Baghel<br />
Neel Belani<br />
Sehrish Asmal<br />
Lobel Lab<br />
Mohamed Albana (SURE)<br />
Duo Hang<br />
Sharlina Keshava<br />
Aakash Panchal<br />
Dhruv Patel<br />
Dana Betts<br />
Tapan Patel<br />
Samantha Schlachter<br />
Tian Sun<br />
Central Lab Services<br />
Monika Kapedia<br />
Brendan Striano<br />
Millonig Lab<br />
Aziz Karakhanyan<br />
Samantha Kelly<br />
Omar Khan<br />
Keiry Rodriguez<br />
Sammy Taha (SURE)<br />
N<strong>and</strong>a Lab<br />
Alex<strong>and</strong>er Davis (SURE)<br />
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS<br />
Shatkin Lab<br />
Frank Zong (SURE)<br />
Stock Lab<br />
Christopher Burns<br />
Jose Valverde (SURE)<br />
Xiang Lab<br />
Benjamin Hanft (SURE)<br />
Montelione Lab<br />
Brendan Amer<br />
Hoi Wun Au<br />
Ashley Aya<br />
Alex<strong>and</strong>er Bendik<br />
Tina Bijlani<br />
Nicole Brunck<br />
Katherine Carrino-Bednarski<br />
Ya-Min Chi<br />
Rokhsareh Eyvazkhany<br />
Dhaval G<strong>and</strong>hi<br />
Emily Grasso<br />
Sultan Khawam<br />
Eitan Kohan<br />
Wylie Lopez<br />
Joseph Miller<br />
Ari Sapin<br />
Jaskamel Singh<br />
Chelsea Stahl<br />
Amy Suhotliv (SURE)<br />
Aparna Tatineni (SURE)<br />
Teddy Wohlbold<br />
Liu Lab<br />
Kavelbhai Patel<br />
Administration<br />
Ashley Redmond<br />
Daniel Yoon<br />
76
Administrative Assistants<br />
Darlene Bondoc<br />
Ellen Goodman<br />
Jane Kornhaber<br />
Janice Nappe<br />
Barbara Shaver<br />
Elaine Simpson<br />
Jane Kornhaber<br />
Business Office<br />
Lynnette Butler<br />
John Drudy<br />
Madeline Frances<br />
Sharon Pulz<br />
Kristin Rossi<br />
Diane Sutterlin<br />
ADMINISTRATIVE AND SUPPORT STAFF<br />
Central In<strong>for</strong>mation Technology<br />
Shelley Waltz<br />
Keith Williams<br />
Central Lab Services<br />
Ramon Dugenio<br />
Alba LaFi<strong>and</strong>ra<br />
Sally Marshall<br />
Harren Mercado<br />
Minoti Sinha<br />
Angela Sowa<br />
77
PATENTS<br />
P. Lobel, et al. “Methods of treating a deficiency of functional tripeptidyl peptidase I (CLN2) protein”.<br />
United States Patent 8,029,781<br />
P. Lobel, et al. “Human lysosomal protein <strong>and</strong> methods of its use”. United States Patent 7,745,166<br />
J.F. Hunt, W.M. Price, T.B. Acton, <strong>and</strong> G.T. Montelione. “Methods <strong>for</strong> altering polypeptide expression <strong>and</strong><br />
solubility”. PCT WO 2010/151593 A1 Filed Feb 9, <strong>2011</strong><br />
T. Acton, S. Anderson, Y. Huang, <strong>and</strong> G.T. Montelione. “System <strong>for</strong> high-level production of proteins <strong>and</strong><br />
protein domains”. PCT Filed Nov <strong>2011</strong><br />
Anderson, S., Lazarus, R.A., Hurle, M., Anderson, S. <strong>and</strong> Powers, D.B. "Enzymes <strong>for</strong> the production of 2-keto-<br />
L-gulonic acid". U. S. Patent No. 5,376,544<br />
Anderson, S. <strong>and</strong> Ryan, R. "Inhibitors of urokinase plasminogen activator". U. S. Patent No. 5,550,213<br />
Lazarus, R.A., Hurle, M., Anderson, S. <strong>and</strong> Powers, D.B. "Enzymes <strong>for</strong> the production of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid".<br />
U. S. Patent No. 5,583,025<br />
Anderson, S. "Methods <strong>for</strong> the prevention or treatment of vascular hemorrhaging <strong>and</strong> Alzheimer's disease". U. S.<br />
Patent No. 5,589,154<br />
Powers, D.B. <strong>and</strong> Anderson, S. "Mutants of 2,5-diketo-D-gluconic acid (2,5-DKG) reductase A". U. S. Patent No.<br />
5,795,761<br />
Lazarus, R.A., Hurle, M., Anderson, S. <strong>and</strong> Powers, D.B. "Enzymes <strong>for</strong> the production of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid".<br />
U. S. Patent No. 5,912,161<br />
Anderson, S. “Methods <strong>for</strong> identifying useful t-PA mutant derivatives <strong>for</strong> treatment of vascular hemorrhaging”.<br />
U. S. Patent No. 6,136,548<br />
Anderson, S. <strong>and</strong> Banta, S. “Design <strong>and</strong> production of mutant 2,5-diketo-D-gluconic acid reductase enzymes with<br />
altered cofactor dependency”. U. S. Patent No. 6,423,518<br />
Anderson, S. "Methods <strong>for</strong> the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer's disease". U. S. Patent No. 6,471,960<br />
Anderson, S. “Methods <strong>for</strong> identifying useful t-PA mutant derivatives <strong>for</strong> treatment of vascular hemorrhaging” U.<br />
S. Patent No. 6,136,548<br />
Anderson, S. <strong>and</strong> Banta, S. “Design <strong>and</strong> production of mutant 2,5-diketo-D-gluconic acid reductase enzymes with<br />
altered cofactor dependency”. U. S. Patent No. 6,423,518<br />
78
Lazarus, R.A., Hurle, M., Anderson, S. <strong>and</strong> Powers, D.B. "Enzymes <strong>for</strong> the production of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid".<br />
U. S. Patent No. 5,912,161<br />
Arnold, E., Kenyon, G.L., Stauber, M., Maurer, K., Eargle, D., Muscate, A., Leavitt, A., Roe, D.C., Ewing, T.J.A.,<br />
Skillman, A.G., Jr., Kuntz, I.D. <strong>and</strong> Young, M. “Naphthols useful in antiviral methods”. U.S. Patent No.<br />
6,140,368<br />
Arnold, E. <strong>and</strong> Ferst<strong>and</strong>ig Arnold, G. "Chimeric Rhinoviruses". U.S. Patent No. 5,714,374<br />
Krupey, J., Smith, A., Arnold, E. <strong>and</strong> Donnelly, R. "Method of Adsorbing Viruses from Fluid Compositions".<br />
U.S. Patent No. 5,658,779<br />
Arnold, E. <strong>and</strong> Ferst<strong>and</strong>ig Arnold, G. "Chimeric Rhinoviruses". U.S. Patent No. 5,541,100<br />
Edery, I., Altman, M. <strong>and</strong> Sonenberg, N. “Isolation of full-length cDNA clones <strong>and</strong> capped mRNA”. U.S. Patent<br />
No. 5219989<br />
Lobel, P. <strong>and</strong> Sleat, D. "Human lysosomal protein <strong>and</strong> methods of its use". US Patent No. 6,302,685 B1<br />
Lobel, P. <strong>and</strong> Sleat, D., “Human lysosomal protein <strong>and</strong> methods of its use”. US Patent No. 6,638,712. Submitted<br />
10/28/2003<br />
Millonig, J.H., Brzustowicz, L,M. <strong>and</strong> Gharani, N. “Genes as diagnostic tools <strong>for</strong> autism”. Provisional<br />
application submitted 7/1/03<br />
Montelione, G.T., Anderson, S. <strong>and</strong> Huang, Y. “Linking gene sequence to gene function by 3D protein structure<br />
determination”. EU Patent 99935746.0-2402. Issued in United Kingdom<br />
Stein, S. <strong>and</strong> Montelione, G.T. “Site specific 13C-enriched reagents <strong>for</strong> magnetic resonance imaging”. U.S.<br />
Patent No. 6210655<br />
Montelione, G. T. <strong>and</strong> Krug, R. “Process <strong>for</strong> designing inhibitors of influenza virus non-structural protein 1”.<br />
Filed November 13, 2003. PCT/US03/36292. Patent Pending.<br />
Montelione, G.T., Krug, R., Yin, C. <strong>and</strong> Ma, L. “Novel compositions <strong>and</strong> vaccines against influenza A <strong>and</strong><br />
influenza B infections”. Filed November 17, 2006. Patent Pending.<br />
Montelione, G. T, Arnold, E., Das, K., Ma, L., Xiao, R., Twu, K.Y., Rei-Lin, K. <strong>and</strong> Krug, R.M. “Influenza A<br />
virus vaccines <strong>and</strong> inhibitors”. Filed January 23, 2007. Patent Pending.<br />
Montelione, G.T., Das, K. <strong>and</strong> Arnold, E. “Ribosomal RNA methyltransferases RlmAI <strong>and</strong> RlmAII: Drug target<br />
validation <strong>and</strong> process <strong>for</strong> developing an inhibitor assay”. Submitted June 26, 2004; Priority date: June 27, 2003.<br />
PTC/US2004/020244. Patent Pending.<br />
79
Montelione, G.T., Ma, L. <strong>and</strong> Krug, R.M. “An assay <strong>for</strong> designing small molecule inhibitors of the life cycle of<br />
influenza (Flu) virus targeted to the viral non-structural protein 1”. Provisional Patent Application submitted<br />
March 2007.<br />
Suzuki, M., Schneider, W., Tang, Y., Roth, M., Inouye, M. <strong>and</strong> Montelione, G.T. “Processes using E. coli single<br />
protein production system (SPP) <strong>for</strong> deuterium/methyl enrichment of proteins, detergent screening of membrane<br />
proteins using NMR, <strong>and</strong> peptide bond labeling <strong>for</strong> high throughput NMR assignments”. Provisional Patent<br />
Application submitted March 2007.<br />
Xiao, R.; Nie, Y.; Xu, Y.; Montelione, G.T. “Three NADPH-dependant stereospecific reductase from C<strong>and</strong>ida<br />
parapsilosis <strong>and</strong> their application to chiral alcohol production.” Provisional Patent Application submitted June<br />
2009.<br />
Shatkin, A.J., Pillutla, R., Reinberg, D., Maldonado, E. <strong>and</strong> Yue, Z. “mRNA Capping enzymes <strong>and</strong> uses thereof.”<br />
U.S. Patent No. 631292631.<br />
80
Scientific Advisory Board<br />
81
Outside Academic Members<br />
Dr. Wayne A. Hendrickson<br />
Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute<br />
Professor<br />
Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics<br />
Columbia University<br />
Dr. Robert G. Roeder<br />
Arnold <strong>and</strong> Mabel Beckman Professor<br />
Head, Laboratory of Biochemistry <strong>and</strong> Molecular Biology<br />
The Rockefeller University<br />
Dr. Thomas Eugene Shenk<br />
Elkins Professor<br />
Department of Molecular Biology<br />
Princeton University<br />
Industry Representatives<br />
Dr. Nader Fotouhi<br />
Vice President, Discovery Chemistry<br />
Roche<br />
Michael Dean Miller, Ph.D.<br />
Site Lead, Infectious Disease – HIV<br />
Merck Research Laboratories<br />
Garry Neil, M.D. (Chair)<br />
Corporate Vice President<br />
Corporate Office of Science & Technology<br />
Johnson & Johnson<br />
Dr. William S. Somers<br />
Assistant Vice President<br />
Global Biotherapeutic Technologies<br />
Pfizer<br />
Dr. Michael J. Tocci<br />
Director, Bridgewater Functional Genomics<br />
Sanofi<br />
CABM Scientific Advisory Board<br />
82
UMDNJ MEMBERS<br />
Robert S. DiPaola, M.D.<br />
Director, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey<br />
Associate Dean <strong>for</strong> Oncology Programs<br />
Professor of Medicine<br />
UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School<br />
Dr. Leroy F. Liu<br />
Professor <strong>and</strong> Chairman<br />
Department of Pharmacology<br />
Arnold B. Rabson, M.D.<br />
Professor <strong>and</strong> Director, Child Health Institute of New Jersey<br />
Interim Senior Associate Dean <strong>for</strong> Research<br />
UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School<br />
RUTGERS MEMBERS<br />
Dr. Kenneth J. Breslauer<br />
Linus C. Pauling Professor<br />
Dean of Biological Sciences<br />
Vice President of Health Science Partnerships<br />
Dr. Allan H. Conney<br />
William M. And Myrle W. Garber<br />
Professor of Cancer <strong>and</strong> Leukemia Research<br />
Dr. Joachim W. Messing<br />
University of Professor <strong>and</strong> Director<br />
Waksman Institute<br />
Martin L. Yarmush, M.D.<br />
Paul <strong>and</strong> Mary Monroe Professor of Science <strong>and</strong> Engineering<br />
Director, <strong>Center</strong> <strong>for</strong> Innovative Ventures of Emerging Technologies, Rutgers<br />
Director, <strong>Center</strong> <strong>for</strong> Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital<br />
83
Former CABM Scientific Advisory Board Members<br />
Alberts, Bruce, Prof., UCSF (Pres. National Academy of Sciences), '86<br />
Babiss, Lee, Vice President Pre-Clinical Res. & Dev. Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.'99-'06<br />
* Baltimore, David, Dir., Whitehead Inst., (Pres. Cal. Tech.), '86-'90<br />
Bayne, Marvin L., VP Discovery Technologies Merck, ’07-‘10<br />
Bolen, Joseph, Vice President, Hoechst Marin Roussel, '98<br />
Black, Ira, M.D., Prof. & Chairman, Dept. of Neurosci. & Cell Biol., RWJ/UMDNJ '91-'06, (deceased)<br />
Blumenthal, David, M.D., Exec. Dir., Ctr. <strong>for</strong> Health Policy & Mgmt. @ Harvard, '86-'88<br />
Burke, James, Chairman of the Board, J & J, '86-'89<br />
Denhardt, David, Prof. & Chairman, Rutgers, Dept. Biol. Sci., '88-'91<br />
Drews, Jürgen, M.D., Pres., Intl. R & D, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., '93-'96<br />
Gage, L. Patrick, Pres., Wyeth-Ayerst, '01<br />
Gill, Davinder, Vice President <strong>and</strong> Head Global Biotherapeutic Technologies, Pfizer, Inc. ’10-‘11<br />
Gussin, Robert, Corporate V. P., Johnson <strong>and</strong> Johnson, '01<br />
Haber, Edgar, M.D., Pres., Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharma. Res. Inst., '90-'91(deceased)<br />
Hait, William, M.D., Ph.D., Prof., Associate Dean & Director, CINJ, '06-'07<br />
Harris, Edward, Jr., M.D., Prof. & Chairman, Dept. Med., RWJ/UMDNJ '86-'88 (deceased)<br />
Inouye, Masayori, Ph.D., Prof. of Biochemistry, UMDNJ-RWJMS 1986-2010<br />
Koblan, Kenneth V.P. <strong>and</strong> Site Head <strong>for</strong> Basic Research, Merck, '06-'10<br />
Lerner, Irwin, Pres. & CEO, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., '86-'93<br />
Levine, Arnold, Prof. & Chairman, Dept. Biol. Princeton, (Pres. Rockefeller U.), '89-'93<br />
Loh, Dennis, Vice President Preclinical Res. & Dev. Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. '98<br />
Lowry, Stephen F., M.D., Prof <strong>and</strong> Chair Dept. of Surgery, UMDNJ-RWJMS ’07-’11 (deceased)<br />
Luck, David, M.D., Ph.D., Prof., Rockefeller Univ., '94-'97 (deceased)<br />
Mansour, Tareq S., C.S. Interim Head Wyeth Research, ’09-‘10<br />
* Merrifield, Robert, Prof., Rockefeller Univ., '91-'93 (deceased)<br />
Moliteus, Magnus, Pres., Pharmacia, '86-'88<br />
Morris, N. Ronald, M.D., Associate Dean & Professor, Dept. of Pharma, RWJ/UMDNJ, '86-'92<br />
* Nathans, Daniel, M.D., Sr. Invest., HHMI, Johns Hopkins Univ., (Pres., Johns Hopkins, deceased), '93-'96<br />
Olson, Wilma, Prof., Dept. of Chemistry, Rutgers,'86-'92<br />
Palmer, James, CSO <strong>and</strong> Pres., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, '00-'04 (deceased)<br />
Pickett, Cecil, Executive V.P., Schering-Plough, '00-'06<br />
Pramer, David, Dir., Waksman Inst. '86-'88<br />
Reynolds, Richard C., M.D., Executive Vice President, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation,'88-' 91<br />
Rosenberg, Leon, M.D., Pres., Bristol-Myers Squibb, '91-'97<br />
Ruddon, Raymond W., M.D., Ph.D., Corp. V.P. Johnson & Johnson, '01<br />
Ringrose, Peter, Pres., Bristol-Myers Squibb, 2000<br />
Sabatini, David, M.D., Ph.D., Prof. & Chair, Dept. Cell Biol. NYU School of Med., '93-' 08<br />
S<strong>and</strong>ers, Charles, M.D., Vice Chairman, E.R. Squibb & Sons, '88-'91<br />
Scolnick, Edward M., M.D., President, Merck & Co. Inc. , '95 - '97<br />
Shapiro, Bennett, M.D., Executive V.P., Merck & Company, '01<br />
84
* Sharp, Phillip, Prof. & Dir., Ctr. <strong>for</strong> Cancer Res., MIT, '90-'93<br />
Sigal, Elliott, M.D., Ph.D., President <strong>and</strong> CSO, Bristol Myers Squibb, '05-'08<br />
Strader, Catherine, Exec. V.P. <strong>and</strong> CSO, Schering-Plough Research Institute, '06<br />
Tilghman, Shirley M., Prof., Princeton University (Pres. Princeton U.), '01<br />
Torphy, Theodore John, Corp. V.P. <strong>and</strong> CSO, Corp. Office of Science <strong>and</strong> Technology J&J, '03-'07<br />
Turner, Mervyn J., Senior V.P. Merck & Co., '01-'05<br />
Vagelos, P. Roy, M.D., Chairman & CEO, Merck & Co., '86-'94<br />
Walsh, Frank S., Ph.D., Senior V.P. <strong>and</strong> Head Wyeth Research, '02-'08<br />
Wilson, Robert, Vice Chairman, Board of Directors, J & J, '91-'95<br />
* Nobel Laureate<br />
85
Fiscal In<strong>for</strong>mation<br />
86
CENTER FOR ADVANCED BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE<br />
GRANTS AND CONTRACTS SUMMARY<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong>: JULY 1, 2010 - JUNE 30, <strong>2011</strong><br />
DIRECT COSTS INDIRECT COSTS TOTAL COSTS<br />
FEDERAL 11,356,398 4,219,231 15,575,629<br />
FOUNDATION 931,211 234,430 1,165,641<br />
INDUSTRY 374,064 51,380 425,444<br />
STATE 522,723 29,327 552,050<br />
UNIVERSITY 25,000 0 25,000<br />
TOTAL 13,209,396 4,534,368 17,743,764
Anderson, Stephen Rutgers<br />
CABM Grants <strong>and</strong> Contracts<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong>: 7/01/2010 - 6/30/<strong>2011</strong><br />
Total Award<br />
Start - End<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Direct Costs<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Indirect Costs<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Total Costs<br />
Federal 1 $2,812,622<br />
$564,435 $252,145 $816,580<br />
NIH<br />
Human Transcription Factor Immunogens: Generation of a<br />
Complete Set<br />
$2,812,622 9/23/10 8/31/13 $564,435 $252,145 $816,580<br />
Total - Anderson, Stephen 1 $2,812,622<br />
$564,435 $252,145 $816,580<br />
Arnold, Edward Rutgers<br />
Federal 3 $6,920,622<br />
$887,573 $485,078 $1,372,651<br />
NIH<br />
HIV RNase H Natural Product Inhibitors: Structural <strong>and</strong><br />
Computational Biology (University of Pittsburgh subcontract)<br />
Inhibitors of Bacterial RNA Polymerase: “Switch Region” (PI -<br />
Dr. Richard Ebright)<br />
HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Structure: Function, Inhibition, <strong>and</strong><br />
Resistance (MERIT Award)<br />
$2,005,345 3/5/07 2/28/12 $255,526 $141,119 $396,645<br />
$1,161,788 1/1/07 12/31/11 $142,430 $77,118 $219,548<br />
$3,753,489 2/1/09 1/31/14 $489,617 $266,841 $756,458<br />
Total - Arnold, Edward 3 $6,920,622<br />
$887,573 $485,078 $1,372,651<br />
Das, Kalyan Rutgers<br />
Federal 1 $421,242<br />
$126,958<br />
$68,605 $195,563
NIH<br />
Defining <strong>and</strong> Targeting the HIV Nucleoside-Computing RT<br />
Inhibitor Binding Site<br />
Total Award<br />
Start - End<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Direct Costs<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Indirect Costs<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Total Costs<br />
$421,242 6/15/10 5/31/12 $126,958 $68,605 $195,563<br />
Total - Das, Kalyan 1 $421,242<br />
$126,958 $68,605 $195,563<br />
Edery, Isaac Rutgers<br />
Federal 2 $2,679,362<br />
$436,224 $231,271 $667,495<br />
NIH<br />
Clock Mechanism Underlying Drosophila Rhythmic Behavior $1,327,486 2/15/08 1/31/12 $217,474 $113,146 $330,620<br />
Seasonal Adaptation of a Circadian Clock $1,351,876 7/1/10 6/30/14 $218,750 $118,125 $336,875<br />
Total - Edery, Isaac 2 $2,679,362<br />
$436,224 $231,271 $667,495<br />
Gélinas, Celine UMDNJ<br />
Federal 1 $737,308<br />
$57,404<br />
$32,146 $89,550<br />
NIH<br />
Functional Analysis of BFL-1/A1 in Apoptosis <strong>and</strong> Oncogenesis $737,308 6/3/08 3/31/12 $57,404 $32,146 $89,550<br />
Foundation 1 $600,000<br />
$180,018<br />
$19,982 $200,000
Leukemia & Lymphoma Society<br />
BFL-1 as a Therapeutic Target <strong>and</strong> Prognostic Indicator in B-CLL<br />
<strong>and</strong> AML<br />
Total Award<br />
Start - End<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Direct Costs<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Indirect Costs<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Total Costs<br />
$600,000 10/1/08 9/30/11 $180,018 $19,982 $200,000<br />
Total - Gélinas, Celine 2 $1,337,308<br />
$237,422 $52,128 $289,550<br />
Inouye, Masayori UMDNJ<br />
Federal 3 $3,008,717<br />
$576,258 $284,717 $860,975<br />
NIH<br />
Deciphering of the Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in E. coli $1,593,094 1/1/09 12/31/12 $250,674 $140,377 $391,051<br />
The Method <strong>for</strong> Determination of Membrane Protein Structures<br />
without Purification<br />
Deciphering of the Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in E. coli (ARRA<br />
Supplement)<br />
$1,240,223 8/1/08 7/31/12 $198,167 $110,973 $309,140<br />
$175,400 6/18/10 11/30/11 $127,417 $33,367 $160,784<br />
Industry 1 $5,200,000<br />
$208,333<br />
$41,667 $250,000<br />
Takara Bio Inc.<br />
Takara Bio Initiative <strong>for</strong> Innovative <strong>Biotechnology</strong> $5,200,000 10/1/05 9/30/10 $208,333 $41,667 $250,000<br />
Total - Inouye, Masayori 4 $8,208,717<br />
$784,591 $326,384 $1,110,975<br />
Liu, Fang Rutgers
Total Award<br />
Start - End<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Direct Costs<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Indirect Costs<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Total Costs<br />
University 1 $25,000<br />
$25,000<br />
$0 $25,000<br />
Rutgers University<br />
Smad3 as a Tumor Suppressor <strong>for</strong> Breast Cancer (Busch<br />
Memorial Fund grant)<br />
$25,000 7/1/10 5/1/12 $25,000 $0 $25,000<br />
Total - Liu, Fang 1 $25,000<br />
$25,000<br />
$0 $25,000<br />
Lobel, Peter UMDNJ<br />
Federal 2 $2,788,578<br />
$521,881 $292,254 $814,135<br />
NIH<br />
Novel Lysosomal Enzyne Deficient in Batten Disease (ARRA<br />
Award)<br />
$858,000 7/17/09 6/30/11 $275,000 $154,000 $429,000<br />
Lysosomal Enzymes <strong>and</strong> Associated Human Genetic Diseases $1,930,578 4/1/08 3/31/13 $246,881 $138,254 $385,135<br />
Foundation 2 $153,000<br />
$113,318<br />
$8,182 $121,500<br />
Ara Parseghian Medical Research Foundation<br />
Molecular Characterization of Niemann Pick C2 Disease $90,000 7/1/10 6/30/11 $81,818 $8,182 $90,000<br />
Batten Disease Support & Research Association<br />
Intrathecal Enzyme Replacement Therapy <strong>for</strong> LINCL (Predoctoral<br />
Fellowship - Su Xu)<br />
$63,000 8/1/09 7/31/11 $31,500 $0 $31,500
Total Award<br />
Start - End<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Direct Costs<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Indirect Costs<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Total Costs<br />
Total - Lobel, Peter 4 $2,941,578<br />
$635,199 $300,436 $935,635<br />
Marcotrigiano, Joseph Rutgers<br />
Federal 1 $1,523,219<br />
$208,333 $103,500 $311,833<br />
NIH<br />
Mechanistic Studies of HCV E2 $1,523,219 9/15/10 8/31/14 $208,333 $103,500 $311,833<br />
State 1 $243,900<br />
$106,130<br />
$11,145 $117,275<br />
NJ Commission on Cancer Research<br />
Defining Essential Regions of E2 <strong>for</strong> HCV Infection $243,900 12/1/09 11/30/11 $106,130 $11,145 $117,275<br />
Total - Marcotrigiano, Joseph 2 $1,767,119<br />
$314,463 $114,645 $429,108<br />
Meng, Yu UMDNJ<br />
Foundation 1 $120,000<br />
$36,667<br />
$0 $36,667<br />
Batten Disease Support & Research Association<br />
Evaluation of Peripheral Enzyme Replacement Therapy <strong>for</strong><br />
LINCL <strong>and</strong> Development of Inducible Transgenic TPPI Model<br />
(Postdoctoral Fellowship)<br />
$120,000 8/1/10 7/31/13 $36,667 $0 $36,667<br />
Total - Meng, Yu 1 $120,000<br />
$36,667<br />
$0 $36,667<br />
Millonig, James UMDNJ<br />
Federal 3 $3,511,051<br />
$286,527<br />
$154,191 $440,718
NIH<br />
Identification <strong>and</strong> Functional Assessment of Autism Susceptibility<br />
Genes<br />
Elucidating the Role of miRNA Dysregulation in Schizophrenia<br />
<strong>and</strong> Bipolar Disorder (Rutgers University subcontract)<br />
A Mouse Knock-in Model <strong>for</strong> ENGRAILED 2 Autism<br />
Susceptibility (Phased Innovation Award - R21/R33)<br />
Total Award<br />
Start - End<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Direct Costs<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Indirect Costs<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Total Costs<br />
$2,147,788 9/30/05 7/31/10 $26,336 $14,205 $40,541<br />
$830,697 4/1/08 3/31/12 $135,191 $75,707 $210,898<br />
$532,566 5/5/08 4/30/11 $125,000 $64,279 $189,279<br />
State 2 $1,069,550<br />
$416,593<br />
$18,182 $434,775<br />
NJ Commission on Spinal Cord Research<br />
Orphan GPCR, Gpr161, <strong>and</strong> Apithelial-Mesenchymal Transition $600,000 6/15/10 6/30/13 $181,818 $18,182 $200,000<br />
NJ Governor’s Council <strong>for</strong> Medical Research <strong>and</strong> Treatment of Autism<br />
Genetics <strong>and</strong> Non-genetic ENGRAILED 2 ASD Risk Factors $469,550 6/28/10 6/27/12 $234,775 $0 $234,775<br />
Total - Millonig, James 5 $4,580,601<br />
$703,120 $172,373 $875,493<br />
Molli, Poonam UMDNJ<br />
Federal 1 $351,000<br />
$75,000<br />
$42,000 $117,000
Department of Defense<br />
Tumor suppressor role of CAPER alpha in ER alpha negative &<br />
Rel NF-kB positive breast cancer (Postdoctoral Fellowship)<br />
Total Award<br />
Start - End<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Direct Costs<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Indirect Costs<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Total Costs<br />
$351,000 8/15/09 8/14/12 $75,000 $42,000 $117,000<br />
Total - Molli, Poonam 1 $351,000<br />
$75,000 $42,000 $117,000<br />
Montelione, Gaetano Rutgers<br />
Federal 3 $39,383,043<br />
$6,304,310 $1,571,103 $7,875,413<br />
NIH<br />
Targeting the NS1 Protein <strong>for</strong> the Development of Influenza Virus<br />
Antivirals (University of Texas subcontract)<br />
$1,451,279 8/17/07 7/31/12 $203,244 $109,828 $313,072<br />
Structural Genomics of Eukaryotic Domain Families $37,810,498 9/1/10 6/30/15 $6,066,300 $1,442,501 $7,508,801<br />
Membrane Protein Production using the Yeast SPP System<br />
(UMDNJ subcontract)<br />
$121,266 9/30/10 7/31/14 $34,766 $18,774 $53,540<br />
Industry 1 $80,228<br />
$17,821<br />
$9,713 $27,534<br />
Nexomics Biosciences, Inc.<br />
Protein Production <strong>and</strong> NMR Data Collection Services $80,228 7/1/08 6/30/11 $17,821 $9,713 $27,534<br />
Total - Montelione, Gaetano 4 $39,463,271<br />
$6,322,131 $1,580,816 $7,902,947<br />
N<strong>and</strong>a, Vikas UMDNJ
Total Award<br />
Start - End<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Direct Costs<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Indirect Costs<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Total Costs<br />
Federal 4 $4,722,697<br />
$688,625 $378,163 $1,066,788<br />
National Science Foundation<br />
NIH<br />
Design of Programmable, Self-Assembling Collagen Biomaterials $404,997 9/1/09 8/31/12 $86,538 $48,461 $134,999<br />
Computational Design of a Synthetic Extracellular Matrix $2,340,000 9/30/09 8/31/14 $304,545 $170,545 $475,090<br />
Structure-Based Engineering of Allergens to Enhance<br />
Digestibility<br />
A Computational Approach to Developing Heterochiral Peptide<br />
Therapeutics<br />
$426,660 4/1/10 3/31/12 $130,875 $73,290 $204,165<br />
$1,551,040 9/1/10 8/31/15 $166,667 $85,867 $252,534<br />
Total - N<strong>and</strong>a, Vikas 4 $4,722,697<br />
$688,625 $378,163 $1,066,788<br />
Phadtare, Sangita UMDNJ<br />
Federal 1 $156,000<br />
$45,833<br />
$25,667 $71,500<br />
NIH<br />
Transcription Antitermination by OB-fold Family Proteins (ARRA<br />
Award)<br />
$156,000 6/1/09 5/31/11 $45,833 $25,667 $71,500<br />
Total - Phadtare, Sangita 1 $156,000<br />
$45,833 $25,667 $71,500<br />
Shatkin, Aaron UMDNJ
Total Award<br />
Start - End<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Direct Costs<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Indirect Costs<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Total Costs<br />
Industry 1 $35,000<br />
$35,000<br />
$0 $35,000<br />
Pharmaceutical Companies<br />
CABM Symposium & Lecture Series $35,000 7/1/10 6/30/11 $35,000 $0 $35,000<br />
Total - Shatkin, Aaron 1 $35,000<br />
$35,000<br />
$0 $35,000<br />
Stock, Ann UMDNJ<br />
Federal 2 $1,919,216<br />
$265,579 $125,390 $390,969<br />
NIH<br />
Structure <strong>and</strong> Function of Response Regulator Proteins (MERIT<br />
Award)<br />
Structure <strong>and</strong> Function of Response Regulator Proteins (ARRA<br />
Supplement)<br />
$1,792,012 7/1/09 6/30/14 $225,720 $114,367 $340,087<br />
$127,204 9/30/09 12/31/10 $39,859 $11,023 $50,882<br />
Foundation 1 $13,990,822<br />
$601,208 $206,266 $807,474<br />
Howard Hughes Medical Institute<br />
Molecular Mechanisms of Signal Transduction $13,990,822 8/1/94 2/28/11 $601,208 $206,266 $807,474<br />
Total - Stock, Ann 3 $15,910,038<br />
$866,787 $331,656 $1,198,443<br />
Williams, Keith Rutgers<br />
Industry 1 $112,910<br />
$112,910<br />
$0 $112,910
Cisco, Inc.<br />
Infrastructure Improvements <strong>for</strong> Extracellular Matrix Research: A<br />
Computational Design (Equipment Grant)<br />
Total Award<br />
Start - End<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Direct Costs<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Indirect Costs<br />
FY <strong>2011</strong><br />
Total Costs<br />
$112,910 5/31/11 6/30/11 $112,910 $0 $112,910<br />
Total - Williams, Keith 1 $112,910<br />
$112,910<br />
$0 $112,910<br />
Xiang, Mengqing UMDNJ<br />
Federal 2 $2,669,332<br />
$311,458 $173,001 $484,459<br />
NIH<br />
Transcriptional Regulation of Retinal Development $1,156,132 12/1/07 11/30/10 $103,125 $56,334 $159,459<br />
Dll4 Gene Regulation <strong>and</strong> Function during Retinogenesis $1,513,200 9/1/10 8/31/14 $208,333 $116,667 $325,000<br />
Total - Xiang, Mengqing 2 $2,669,332<br />
$311,458 $173,001 $484,459<br />
CABM TOTAL $13,209,396<br />
$4,534,368 $17,743,764