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AEROSIL® for Adhesives and Sealants - Adhesives & Sealants by ...

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Invented to improve®<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> <strong>for</strong><strong>Adhesives</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Sealants</strong>


<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> fumed silicaimproves the rheological<strong>and</strong> mechanicalproperties of adhesivesused in the automotiveindustry2


More than just a powder:The service components of <strong>AEROSIL®</strong>fumed silica’s “value-added productphilosophy”Dr. Harry Kloepfer, Evonik chemist<strong>and</strong> inventor of <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> fumed silica<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> –more than just a powderEvonik Industries developed <strong>AEROSIL®</strong>fumed silica more than 60 years ago, <strong>and</strong>has dominated the world’s development<strong>and</strong> production of fumed silica ever since.Many things as we know them in ourdaily lives would be unthinkable without<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> fumed silica. For example,<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> fumed silica is found inearthquake-proof building foundations, insilicone sealing compounds <strong>for</strong> bath tubs,in the plastic walls of yachts, in insulatingmaterials <strong>for</strong> ceramic stove tops, <strong>and</strong> inpaints <strong>and</strong> coatings. <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> fumedsilica has become indispensable, notjust as a product in itself, but becausethe highly-specialized, environmentallyfriendlytechnologies enabled <strong>by</strong><strong>AEROSIL®</strong> products have become firmlyrooted in numerous industries. In additionto the actual <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> products, weoffer real solutions <strong>for</strong> many technicalapplications, with unbeatable advantages.Our specialist teams in Research <strong>and</strong>Development take care of a continuousimprovement of the products <strong>and</strong> theirapplication. Competent <strong>and</strong> dedicatedlaboratories work together with thecustomers to solve problems regardingapplication <strong>and</strong> h<strong>and</strong>ling techniques.Efficient logistics guarantee deliveries ontime. Well-designed packaging solvestechnical h<strong>and</strong>ling problems be<strong>for</strong>e theycan occur. Technical support <strong>and</strong>customer care are available worldwide.Our policy regarding the long-termavailability of <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> products offersplanning security <strong>and</strong> prevents unexpectedinvestment costs <strong>for</strong> alternative solutions.In addition, our worldwide presence helpsus to combine our expertise to <strong>for</strong>m aninternational network.In this way, we work h<strong>and</strong> in h<strong>and</strong>with our customers towards providingindividual solutions <strong>for</strong> their systems,to meet with their high st<strong>and</strong>ards, thusmaking their products even moresuccessful.3


Manufacturing rotor blades <strong>for</strong> wind turbines(Nordex AG, Norderstedt/Germany)Bonding with the customer to findsolutions that st<strong>and</strong> the test of timeHistory of technical achievement<strong>Adhesives</strong> <strong>and</strong> sealants are employedin many different industries <strong>and</strong> areincreasingly finding new applications,especially in the automotive industry.Thanks to the development of specialhydrophobic <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> fumed silica,it has been possible to produce structuraladhesives that belong to the futuretechnologies in automobile construction.Modern structural adhesives enable thejoining of various materials, such as steel,aluminum, magnesium, <strong>and</strong> plastics.The use of new processes, such as weldbonding, which combines the individualadvantages of gluing <strong>and</strong> spot welding,makes it possible to improve themechanical strength of the automobilebody (chassis), especially <strong>for</strong> improvingthe crash safety <strong>and</strong> sound dampening.Furthermore, structural adhesives havemade it possible to construct lightweightdesign components, such as bonded roofmodules.Widest Product RangeNumerous systems can benefit from thetechnical advantages <strong>and</strong> improvementsthat may be achieved with Evonik’s largeselection of <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> grades, whichhave been specially developed <strong>for</strong> theadhesives <strong>and</strong> sealants industry. Thesespecial <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> grades not onlyimprove the rheological <strong>and</strong> mechanicalproperties, but also act as anti-settlingagents, <strong>and</strong> improve the storage stability<strong>and</strong> processability of adhesives <strong>and</strong>sealants.4


<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> milestones <strong>for</strong> the adhesives <strong>and</strong> sealants industryIntroducedto the market19631986<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> grades / new products<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 972 – Development of thefirst hydrophobic fumed silica in the world<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 202, <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 805,<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 812/812 SApplications<strong>Adhesives</strong> <strong>and</strong> sealants based on silicone,polyurethane, polysulfide<strong>Adhesives</strong> <strong>and</strong> sealants based on epoxy,polyurethane, vinylester resin1995<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 104, <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 106,<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 816 – Introduction of a partlyhydrophobic grade of <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> fumed silica,Introduction of the new VV compaction technology<strong>for</strong> fumed silica<strong>Adhesives</strong> <strong>and</strong> sealants based onsilicone, water-based adhesive <strong>and</strong>sealant systems199820012005<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 8200 – Introduction of a newstructure-modified type of <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> fumed silica<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 7200, <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 711Introduction of <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> grades renderedhydrophobic with methacrylate functional silanes<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 9200 – Introduction of a newstructure-modified type of <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> fumed silica<strong>Adhesives</strong> <strong>and</strong> sealants based on silicone,epoxy, polyurethane<strong>Adhesives</strong> <strong>and</strong> sealants based onacrylate, polyester, vinylester resin<strong>Adhesives</strong> <strong>and</strong> sealants based on silicone,epoxy, polyurethane5


Uses <strong>for</strong> silicone sealants in bathrooms(e.g. leak-proofing shower stalls)Application of a silicone sealant<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> – Advantages<strong>for</strong> Silicone <strong>Adhesives</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Sealants</strong>When it comes to rein<strong>for</strong>cement <strong>and</strong> transparency, <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> is essentialOne of the most important applicationsof <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> fumed silica in the adhesives<strong>and</strong> sealants industry is its use as an activerein<strong>for</strong>cing filler to improve the mechanicalproperties of silicone sealants. Without<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> fumed silica, the mechanicalproperties of silicone sealants would beinadequate, making it impossible toper<strong>for</strong>m as a watertight, durable fealbetween similar <strong>and</strong> dissimilar materials.<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> fumed silica is also usedsuccessfully in transparent silicone sealants<strong>for</strong> waterproofing tub surrounds <strong>and</strong>shower stalls.Glass has become a fashionable buildingmaterial over the past few years. All-glassconstructions do not merely fulfill modernanesthetic desires; they also improve theacoustic properties of buildings, offersuperior protection from weathering,<strong>and</strong> guarantee an excellent interior livingenvironment. Structural glazing is used<strong>for</strong> the static bonding of glass to a metalconstruction. These adhesives generallyconsist of one- or two-componentsilicone materials. <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> fumed silicaimproves both the mechanical <strong>and</strong>rheological properties of these materialsin this relatively new application.The <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> fumed silica grade withthe best properties <strong>for</strong> this importantapplication is dependent upon thedem<strong>and</strong>s made <strong>by</strong> the manufacturer onthe <strong>for</strong>mulation of the silicone sealant.<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 150 <strong>and</strong> <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 972 are<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> grades most frequently used inthe <strong>for</strong>mulation <strong>and</strong> production of siliconesealants. <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 150 demonstratesvery good rein<strong>for</strong>cing properties insilicone sealants, <strong>and</strong> also improves theirprocessability. The hydrophobic grade<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 972 offers further advantagesover the hydrophilic grade <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 150;<strong>for</strong> example, an improved storage stability6


Testing the mechanical properties ofa silicone sealant compoundStructural glazing adhesives<strong>for</strong> all-glass building facades<strong>and</strong> processability of the non-crosslinkedsilicone sealant. Due to their fine particlesize, <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 812 S or <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 106are especially well suited <strong>for</strong> applicationin transparent silicone sealants, which areused, <strong>for</strong> instance, to seal shower stalls.Structural glazing adhesives based onsilicone materials are extensively testedwith regard to product quality, mechanicalstrength, aging, <strong>and</strong> compatibility. Thehydrophobic grades <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 972,<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 812, <strong>and</strong> <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 8200are suited <strong>for</strong> the fine tuning of themechanical <strong>and</strong> rheological propertiesof silicone materials. They are alsosuperior to the hydrophilic products intheir improved resistance to aging, thanksto their extremely hydrophobic nature.High filler loading with low-thickeningcan be obtained using <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 8200<strong>and</strong> <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 9200 which makes itpossible to <strong>for</strong>mulate structural glazingwith excellent mechanical properties.7


<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> improves structural adhesives <strong>for</strong> construction of automobile bodies<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> – Advantages <strong>for</strong> <strong>Adhesives</strong><strong>and</strong> <strong>Sealants</strong> in the Automotive IndustryUsing <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> to optimize your production processes creates strong bondsBonding is the technology of the future inthe modern automotive industry. Thereare tailor-made adhesive systems <strong>for</strong> nearlyevery application in the construction ofvehicles. The use of structural adhesives<strong>for</strong> building automobile bodies hassteadily increased since the 1990s, <strong>and</strong>offers the following advantages overclassic bonding techniques, such as spotwelding:• Bonding of different materials, suchas steel, aluminum, magnesium, <strong>and</strong>plastics• For lightweight design components,such as bonded roof modules• Improved mechanical strength• No thermal influence on the materials• Low-stress composite structureswithout load peaks• Useful <strong>for</strong> difficult-to-reachcomponentsMeanwhile, many automobile bodies arebonded <strong>by</strong> weld bonding with an epoxystructural adhesive. Spot welding isused additionally to fix the part until theadhesive has cured completely.Polyurethane structural adhesives areused to bond automobile body parts madeof fiber glass rein<strong>for</strong>ced polyester resins.The automobile body parts are attached<strong>by</strong> a structual adhesive to a steel frame,which bears the main weight of thechassis <strong>and</strong> the engine. The properties ofstructural adhesives <strong>and</strong> the dem<strong>and</strong>splaced on them are extremely diverse<strong>and</strong> include:• Improved rigidity <strong>and</strong> strengthof the automobile body• Improved crash propertiesof components• Waterproofing of the rawautomobile body• Corrosion resistance• Resistance to washing out <strong>by</strong>means of rheology or pre-curing• Compatibility with immersion coatings• Adhesion to oily substrates, abilityto be thoroughly welded• Good viscosity stability <strong>and</strong>sag resistance• Process stability, string resistance• Resistance to aging, good storagestabilityAnother important application <strong>for</strong>adhesives in the automotive industry isthe window glass segment <strong>for</strong> the directsealing of windshields <strong>and</strong> side windows.Windshield sealants were introduced tothe automotive industry in the 1970s, <strong>and</strong>remain st<strong>and</strong>ard practice today.Polyurethane adhesives are used <strong>for</strong> thisapplication. The requirements <strong>for</strong>windshield sealants are:• Direct adhesion, adhesion on glass,plastics, <strong>and</strong> coated substrates• Fixing of components with adhesivesduring assembly• Improved structural integrity• Increased rigidity of the automobilebody• Low electrical conductivity8


Application of an adhesive(Dow Europe GmbH/Switzerl<strong>and</strong>)The hydrophobic grade <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 202is a very effective thixotropic <strong>and</strong> antisettlingagent <strong>for</strong> structural adhesivesbased on epoxy resins <strong>and</strong> polyurethane.<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 202 <strong>and</strong> <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 805provide epoxy resin-based structuraladhesives with sag <strong>and</strong> process stability,combined with very good storagestability. The hydrophobic grades<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 972 <strong>and</strong> <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 202have been used successfully <strong>for</strong> manyyears as thixotropic <strong>and</strong> rein<strong>for</strong>cing agentin windshield sealants based onpolyurethane.Both hydrophobic <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> fumed silicagrades can be used to achieve highlyviscous, thixotropic, storable adhesivebeads, which remain ready <strong>for</strong> applicationwith automatic glue guns onto theautomobile body components. For lowconductivity window glass adhesives, the<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> fumed silica concentration isslightly increased <strong>and</strong> the carbon blackconcentration is reduced.Diagram of thixotropyviscositystatic period shearing static periodtime9


<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> fumed silica are used in adhesives <strong>and</strong>sealants to bond <strong>and</strong> seal cockpits, fuel tanks, <strong>and</strong>pressurized cabins.<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> – Advantages <strong>for</strong> <strong>Adhesives</strong><strong>and</strong> <strong>Sealants</strong> in the Aircraft IndustryWith <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> you’ll always win <strong>by</strong> a nose – even under maximumtemperature fluctuationA large number of different adhesive <strong>and</strong>sealant systems have gained significancein the aircraft industry. Examples of someof the important applications requiringadhesives <strong>and</strong> sealants are the bonding<strong>and</strong> sealing of cockpits, fuel tanks,pressurized cabins, <strong>and</strong> the embedding ofelectronic components. The propertiesrequired <strong>for</strong> these adhesive <strong>and</strong> sealantsystems are often determined <strong>by</strong> usingst<strong>and</strong>ardized test methods, some of whichcome from the military field. The industryutilizes a wide selection of testingst<strong>and</strong>ards, such as ASTM or UL.<strong>Adhesives</strong> <strong>and</strong> sealants based on epoxyresins, methacrylates, silicones, <strong>and</strong>polysulfides are used to seal cockpits <strong>and</strong>window panes. The bond must be able towithst<strong>and</strong> high pressure differences <strong>and</strong>temperature changes, as well as displayinghigh UV resistance. <strong>Sealants</strong> are used toseal joints or entire inside walls of fueltanks. The sealants used <strong>for</strong> fuel tanks arebased on polysulfide polymers, epoxyresins, or silicones. <strong>Sealants</strong> are alsorequired in the aircraft industry to sealcabins, which have to withst<strong>and</strong> highpressure.The key parameters <strong>for</strong> this kind ofsealant are elasticity <strong>and</strong> high strength.Potting compounds <strong>and</strong> adhesives areadditionally used to encapsulate <strong>and</strong>protect electronic components. Systemsbased on polyurethanes, silicones, orepoxy resins are used <strong>for</strong> these applications.Finally, adhesives <strong>and</strong> sealants are alsoused to prevent corrosion. Corrosionoccurs when airplanes come into contactwith salt water. <strong>Adhesives</strong> based oncyanacrylate, methacrylate, or epoxy resinare used <strong>for</strong> this application. <strong>AEROSIL®</strong>products can be used to achieve a widerange of effects in these systems;<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> fumed silica acts as athixotropic agent, rein<strong>for</strong>cing agent, <strong>and</strong>also as an anti-settling agent. A mere 1%of <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> fumed silica, <strong>for</strong> instance,can reduce the settling behavior of fillersin potting compounds used to encapsulateelectronic devices.The overview on page 23 of this brochurerecommends the <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> product bestsuited <strong>for</strong> most adhesive <strong>and</strong> sealantapplications.11


Wind turbines(Nordex AG, Norderstedt/Germany)12


Cross-section of a fiber-rein<strong>for</strong>ced rotor bladetail edge bondingnose bondinginner-support bonding<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> – Advantages in Structural <strong>Adhesives</strong><strong>AEROSIL®</strong> provides modern wind power stations with an edgeAn important application <strong>for</strong> <strong>AEROSIL®</strong>fumed silica in the adhesives industry isits use as a thixotropic agent in specialadhesives <strong>for</strong> the construction of windturbines.Wind turbines must be able to providetwenty years of service without requiringlarge-scale repairs. High dem<strong>and</strong>s areplaced on the durability behavior of therotor blades, especially in large units withpower outputs of 2.5 <strong>and</strong> 5 MW. Thequality of a rotor blade is determined <strong>by</strong>the reliability of its many adhesive bonds.The use of systems with a high degreeof thixotropy is necessary to preventthe sagging of the adhesive on slopingor vertical walls during processing. Thespecial hydrophobic <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> gradesare particulary well suited <strong>for</strong> thispurpose. Currently, there are adhesivesbased on epoxy resin, polyurethane,vinylester/polyester resin, <strong>and</strong>methacrylates available <strong>for</strong> this application.The hydrophobic <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 202 gradeis a very effective thixotropic agent <strong>for</strong>use in polar epoxy resin, polyurethane,<strong>and</strong> vinylester resin-based adhesives.Furthermore, very good storage stabilitycan be achieved with the latter adhesiveswhen <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 202 is used; theviscosity builds up again even after highshear <strong>for</strong>ces are applied, ensuring goodstability of the adhesive. The morecompacted <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 202 VV 90grade offers the following advantagesover the st<strong>and</strong>ard <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 202: lessdevelopment of dust during processing,shorter incorporation times, betterwetting into the adhesive, <strong>and</strong> also ahigher bulk density. This offers advantageswhen planning the installation <strong>and</strong> alsowith regard to logistics. Due to the highshear <strong>for</strong>ces that prevail during thedispersion of <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> fumed silica inthe adhesive, the levels of viscosityattainable with <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 202 VV 90are almost the same as those of<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 202. The fast-curingmethacrylate adhesives are especiallysuitable <strong>for</strong> carrying out small repairs.<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 200 <strong>and</strong> <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 300 arethe primarily used thixotropic agents <strong>for</strong>methacrylate-based adhesives.<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 711 <strong>and</strong> <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 7200are two new <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> grades that havemethacrylate functional groups attachedto their surface. <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 711 has athixotropic effect, while <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 7200demonstrates a low thickening effect inadhesive systems, thus enabling higherlevels of loading.The use of <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 7200, inparticular, makes it possible to improvethe mechanical properties <strong>and</strong> the ageresistance of radical curing adhesives orgel coats. This is an advantage <strong>for</strong> unitsbuilt close to the coast or at sea, since theenvironmental conditions there areharsher.13


Printed circuit board with electronic components14


SMD <strong>Adhesives</strong>SMD componentadhesivewired componentSMD adhesives attach the electronic device to the circuit board be<strong>for</strong>ethe completed circuit boards are turned upside down <strong>for</strong> immersion in the soldering bath<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> – Advantages in <strong>Adhesives</strong><strong>for</strong> Electronic Components<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> helps the electronics industry in sticky situationsFor decades now, the electronics industryhas been the fastest growing <strong>and</strong> fastestchanging industry worldwide. <strong>Adhesives</strong>are used in the electronics industry toadhere electronic components to printedcircuit boards <strong>and</strong> to seal electroniccomponents (e.g. relays). Miniaturizationis the main trend in the development ofcircuit boards <strong>and</strong> in manufacturingtechnology. The introduction of SMDtechnology (Surface Mounted Device)in the 1980s, replacing the then st<strong>and</strong>ardwired elements, made it possible toachieve further miniaturization of thecomponents <strong>and</strong> a higher degree ofrationalization during fabrication. TheSMD process involves the direct solderingof the device contacts onto solder spotslocated on the surface of the circuit board.SMD adhesives play an important role inthe mounting of circuit boards withsubsequent soldering. They attach theelectronic devices to the circuit boardbe<strong>for</strong>e the completed circuit boards areflipped <strong>for</strong> immersion in the solderingbath. The adhesive is dispensed from acartridge; this requires the adhesive tohave a suitable drop profile. The volumeapplied must be sufficient to bridge thegap between the circuit board <strong>and</strong> theSMD components. The diameter of theglue spot must remain within the spacebetween the solder spots, withoutinadvertently wetting the connectionspots with glue. The drop profile of theadhesive is defined <strong>by</strong> the thixotropy,the viscosity in a state of resting, <strong>and</strong>the surface tension. Furthermore, theadhesive has to fulfill additional highrequirements during application:• Thixotropic flow behavior,high viscosity in resting state• Sag-resistance during thecuring process• High drop profile, no strings• Constant drop profile <strong>and</strong> volume• High green strength• High cure strength• Rapid cure rate• Guaranteed rapid applicationof very small drops• Bubble-free application, lowmoisture adsorptionBoth epoxy resin <strong>and</strong> acrylate-basedadhesives are available <strong>for</strong> use as SMDadhesives. The hydrophobic grades<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 972, <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 202, <strong>and</strong><strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 805 are very effectivethixotropic agents <strong>for</strong> these adhesives.SMD adhesives can be adjusted using<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 972, <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 202, <strong>and</strong><strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 805, to fulfill the dem<strong>and</strong>s<strong>for</strong> thixotropic flow behavior, highviscosity in resting state, high dropprofile, <strong>and</strong> anti-sagging during the curingprocess.15


Anchoring of signs <strong>and</strong> lighting fixturesin tunnel constructions with chemical anchors16


How a chemical plug functions:drill holestoneworkscreen caseglasscartridgecontainingreactionresinglasscartridgecontainingreactionresinsteel pinor boltnut<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> – Advantages <strong>for</strong> Chemical Bonding<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> provides the construction industry with the strength to hang in thereChemical plugs are composite anchorcartridges which have the followingadvantages over mechanical plugs <strong>and</strong>dowels:• Adaptation to uneven drill holes• High break resistance due to elasticity• Simple h<strong>and</strong>ling at building site• Corrosion inhibiting effectChemical plugs are available <strong>for</strong> use inconcrete applications, hollow block <strong>and</strong>aerated concrete constructions. They areused, <strong>for</strong> example, in the construction oftunnels to attach signs, lighting fixtures,or ventilators. One- <strong>and</strong> two-componentsystems are commercially available <strong>for</strong>different applications. A st<strong>and</strong>ard onecomponentsystem consists of a glasscartridge containing a special syntheticresin, fillers, thixotropic agents, <strong>and</strong> asecond smaller glass cylinder containingthe hardener. In order to anchor steel pinsused in the construction of bridges, theglass cartridge is placed into the drill holeinside a screen case, <strong>and</strong> is then brokenopen with a drill or hammer. The steel pinis fixed directly into the reaction resinwhich is now beginning to cure. Improvedbonding strength is achieved betweenthe concrete, the adhesive, <strong>and</strong> the steelrod. Due to its elasticity, the system is lesslikely to crack than classical plugs,especially as a result of expansion withinthe concrete.Finally, there are also two-componentsystems available as flexible foil cartridges,so-called “side-<strong>by</strong>-side” cartridges, whichrequire the resin <strong>and</strong> hardener to be mixedwith a static mixer prior to application.These systems are advantageous if aprecise drill hole cannot be made, or ifan irregular drill hole already exists.Vinylester resins, epoxy resins, orpolyester resins make up these syntheticresins. The hydrophobic grade<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 202 is especially suitable <strong>for</strong>providing vinyl resins <strong>and</strong> epoxy resinswith an effective thixotropy, whereas thehydrophilic <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 200 is used inpolyester resin applications.During the exothermal curing, the highdegree of thixotropy <strong>and</strong> high yield valueof the reaction resins prevent saggingon sloping <strong>and</strong> vertical surfaces duringapplication. Both <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> gradesfunction additionally as anti-settlingagent <strong>and</strong> prevent the settling of fillersin the cartridges during storage.17


Typical bag packagingof Evonik <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> fumed silica<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> fumed silica in the new bulk product container(FIBC: Flexible Intermediate Bulk Container)Technical H<strong>and</strong>ling Service of <strong>AEROSIL®</strong>enables compact solutionsWorking with <strong>AEROSIL®</strong>The h<strong>and</strong>ling of <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> fumed silica is receiving increasedattention at a time when automation, rationalization, industrialhygiene <strong>for</strong> the protection of employees, <strong>and</strong> environmentalregulations are all becoming more <strong>and</strong> more important. Parallelto these developments, the Business Line Aerosil has beenexp<strong>and</strong>ing its activities in this field <strong>for</strong> more than ten years.The planning of dust-free, automatic plants <strong>for</strong> <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> fumedsilica requires a fundamental knowledge of the products, togetherwith experience in process engineering when h<strong>and</strong>ling fumedoxides. We combine our experience in this field with the specificknow-how of our customers <strong>and</strong> the know-how of themanufacturers of conveying, dosage, <strong>and</strong> production units.This enables us to develop joint concepts which facilitate theh<strong>and</strong>ling of <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> products at our customers’ plants.H<strong>and</strong>lingThe term h<strong>and</strong>ling is used to describe thetechniques required to move <strong>AEROSIL®</strong>products within a customer’s plant. Thefollowing topics should be regarded asthe main priorities:• Emptying of packaging units• Silo storage• Internal conveying• Dosage• Introduction of the material into theprocessing machineryIn addition to these points, the termh<strong>and</strong>ling also includes topics essential toputting the above steps into practice.More detailed in<strong>for</strong>mation about theoffering of this service is available fromthe customer service agent in your area.18


Dust-free, automatic filling unitPackaging<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> fumed silica in powder <strong>for</strong>mis available in three different packagingunits. The st<strong>and</strong>ard packaging is themulti-layer paper bag, with an additionalpolyethylene liner <strong>for</strong> certain products.The weight of the bags range from 10 lb.,20 lb. to 10 kg in the US <strong>and</strong> from 10 to20 kg in all other regions, <strong>and</strong> depends onthe <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> grade <strong>and</strong> its set tappeddensity. Evonik also offers <strong>AEROSIL®</strong>fumed silica in a new kind of packaging inthe semi-bulk range – the FIBC (FlexibleIntermediate Bulk Container). Dependingon the product <strong>and</strong> its densification ratio,the weights of the filled FIBC’s also vary.Large-scale users may also have theproduct delivered <strong>by</strong> silo truck, whichrequires a corresponding storage siloat the customer’s location. <strong>AEROSIL®</strong>dispersions, known as AERODISP®, aredelivered in 60 kg cans, 220 kg barrels<strong>and</strong> 1.000 kg IBC’s (Intermediate BulkContainers).Storage Stability<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> fumed silica is chemically inertto a large extent <strong>and</strong> shows no chemicalchanges after long periods of storage,provided it is stored under suitableconditions. Nevertheless, it should benoted that a small number of substancesdo react with silicon dioxide. Due to itshigh specific surface, volatile substancesmay be adsorbed on the <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> fumedsilica surface. This adsorption is reversiblein the case of moisture. The adsorption ofmoisture is significantly reduced <strong>by</strong> theorganic modification of the hydrophobic<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> grades.It is possible that prolonged periods ofstorage may cause the <strong>AEROSIL®</strong>products to become slightly compacted.This can lead to a minimal rise in thetapped density, which might slightlyaffect correlated product properties.19


<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> fumed silica around theworld: More than 100 sales officesin 95 countries, production sites onthree continents, <strong>and</strong> appliedtechnology service centers inAsia, America, <strong>and</strong> EuropeThe Advantage of a Global Enterprise –Local ProximitySize usually creates distance – but not atEvonik. As a leading specialty chemicalscompany Evonik relies on the businessphilosophy: ”as decentralized as possible,as centralized as necessary“.The decentralized organization at alllevels <strong>and</strong> in all divisions of the companyis tailored to operative units which canrespond to the market quickly, flexibly<strong>and</strong> on a customer-oriented basis. As abr<strong>and</strong> operating worldwide, <strong>AEROSIL®</strong>uses production facilities, applicationrelatedservice centers, research centers,<strong>and</strong> commercial <strong>and</strong> technical serviceoffices in all regions of the world.The mere fact that we produce on3 continents represents a decisiveadvantage <strong>for</strong> us <strong>and</strong> our customers whenit comes to an effective worldwidedelivery service. With a total of more than1200 motivated employees <strong>and</strong> more than100 service offices in 95 countries, wealso offer our customers the biggestservice network of all suppliers on themarket.The combination of highest productquality <strong>and</strong> a marked focus on service <strong>and</strong>consulting is a major cornerstone of the<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> strategy. As a br<strong>and</strong> that isactive worldwide we also want tocombine with partners to <strong>for</strong>m a strong,international network in which weconcentrate our areas of expertise.A functioning globality, which ourcustomers experience on a local level.Always close <strong>by</strong>.21


Detailed in<strong>for</strong>mationregarding our technical literaturecan be obtained from:Evonik Degussa GmbHInorganic MaterialsWeißfrauenstr. 960287 Frankfurt/Main, GermanyPhone +49 69 218-2613Fax +49 69 218-62613E-Mail: aerosil@evonik.comwww.aerosil.comProduct overview<strong>and</strong> technical literatureTechnical Bulletin Pigments No. 11• Basic Characteristics of <strong>AEROSIL®</strong>Technical Bulletin Pigments No. 27• <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> <strong>for</strong> Solvent-free EpoxyResinsTechnical Bulletin Pigments No. 28• H<strong>and</strong>ling of Synthetic Silicas <strong>and</strong>SilicatesTechnical Bulletin Pigments No. 63• Synthetic Silicas <strong>for</strong> <strong>Sealants</strong>Industrial In<strong>for</strong>mation No. 2123• <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> in <strong>Adhesives</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Sealants</strong>Product OverviewTechnical Bulletin Pigments No. 54• <strong>AEROSIL®</strong> <strong>for</strong> Unsaturated PolyesterResins <strong>and</strong> Vinylester Resins22


<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>Adhesives</strong><strong>AEROSIL®</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>Sealants</strong>System<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> GradeEffectSystem<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> GradeEffectEpoxyPolyurethane<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 200<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 380<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 202<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 805<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 200<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 972<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 974<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 202Thixotropy,Thickening,Anti-settling,Anti-SagThixotropy,Thickening,Anti-settling,Anti-Sag1-ComponentSilicone(RTV-1)<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 130<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 150<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 972<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 974<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 106<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 812 S<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 8200AEROXIDE® TiO 2P25Thixotropy,Thickening,Rein<strong>for</strong>cing, Anti-Sag,Improved transparency(R 106, R 812 S),Self-levelling (R 8200),Improvement ofthermal stability(AEROXIDE® TiO 2P25)MS/SMP/SPUAcrylate/MethacrylateUnsaturatedPolyesterVinylester<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 974<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 202<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 812 S<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 200<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 300<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> COK 84<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 711<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 7200<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 200<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 300<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 380<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 7200<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 202<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 812 S<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 7200Anti-Sag, Thixotropy,Rein<strong>for</strong>cing,TransparentThixotropy,Thickening,Anti-settling, Anti-Sag,improved hardness<strong>and</strong> scratch resistance(R 7200)Thixotropy,Thickening,Anti-settling, Anti-Sag,improved hardness(R 7200)Thixotropy,Thickening,Anti-settling, Anti-Sag,improved hardness(R 7200)2-ComponentSilicone(RTV-2)1-ComponentPolyurethanePolyacrylatePolysulfideButyl<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 9200<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 8200AEROXIDE® TiO 2<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 202<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 972<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 974<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 200<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 972<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 974<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 805<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 200<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 972<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 202<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 200<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 972Rein<strong>for</strong>cing, Anti-Sag,Improvement ofthermal stability(AEROXIDE® TiO 2),Self-levelingThixotropy,Thickening,Rein<strong>for</strong>cing, Anti-SagThixotropy,Thickening,Rein<strong>for</strong>cing, Anti-SagThixotropy,Thickening,Rein<strong>for</strong>cing, Anti-SagThixotropy,Thickening,Rein<strong>for</strong>cing, Anti-SagSilicone<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 200<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 972<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 812 S<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 8200Thixotropy,Thickening,Anti-settling, Anti-Sag,Rein<strong>for</strong>cingMS/SMP/SPU<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 972<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 974<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 8200<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 9200Thixotropy,Thickening,Rein<strong>for</strong>cing, Anti-SagPolychloroprene<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 200VP AdNano® ZnOThixotropy,Thickening, Preventionof string <strong>for</strong>mation,Anti-Sag, StabilizingPVC-Plastisol<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 200<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 300<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 380Thixotropy,Thickening,Anti-SagPolyvinyl Chloride<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 200Thixotropy,Thickening,Prevention of string<strong>for</strong>mation, Anti-SagPressure Sensitivewater-based<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 200<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 972AERODISP® W 7520Thixotropy,Thickening, Preventionof bleed-through,Rein<strong>for</strong>cement, Shearadhesion, ClarityHotmelts (Polyester,Polyamide,Polyurethane)<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 200<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 972<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 8200Anti-Sag, Rein<strong>for</strong>cing,Thixotropy, ThickeningPolychloroprene,water-based<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 200AEROXIDE® Alu CVP AdNano® ZnOThixotropy,Thickening,Rein<strong>for</strong>cing, StabilizingEthylene VinylAcetate, water-basedAEROXIDE® Alu CThixotropy,Thickening,Rein<strong>for</strong>cing, Anti-Sag,Pigment suspensionPolyurethane,water-based<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> COK 84<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 974AEROXIDE® Alu CThixotropy,Thickening,Improved waterresistance, Anti-SagAcrylate,water-based<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> 200<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> COK 84<strong>AEROSIL®</strong> R 974AERODISP® W 7520Thixotropy,Thickening, Improvedwater resistance, Anti-Sag, Shear adhesion,Clarity23


Europe, Middle-East, Africa,Latin AmericaEvonik Degussa GmbHInorganic MaterialsWeißfrauenstr. 960287 Frankfurt am MainGermanyPhone +49 69 218-2613Fax +49 69 218-62613e-mail ask-si@evonik.comNorth AmericaEvonik Degussa CorporationInorganic Materials379 Interpace ParkwayP.O. Box 377Parsippany, NJ 07054-0677USAPhone +1 888 745-4227Fax +1 732 981-5310e-mail ask-si-nafta@evonik.comAsia-PacificEvonik Degussa (SEA) Pte. Ltd.Inorganic Materials3 International Business Park#07-18 Nordic European CentreSingapore 609927Phone +65 6 890-6031Fax +65 6 890-6872e-mail ask-si-asia@evonik.comThis in<strong>for</strong>mation <strong>and</strong> all technical <strong>and</strong> other adviceare based on Evonik’s present knowledge <strong>and</strong>experience. However, Evonik assumes no liability <strong>for</strong>such in<strong>for</strong>mation or advice, including the extent towhich such in<strong>for</strong>mation or advice may relate to thirdparty intellectual property rights. Evonik reserves theright to make any changes to in<strong>for</strong>mation or advice atany time, without prior or subsequent notice.EVONIK DISCLAIMS ALL REPRESENTATIONSAND WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESS ORIMPLIED, AND SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY FOR,MERCHANTABILITY OF THE PRODUCT OR ITSFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE (EVENIF EVONIK IS AWARE OF SUCH PURPOSE),OR OTHERWISE. EVONIK SHALL NOT BERESPONSIBLE FOR CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECTOR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING LOSSOF PROFITS) OF ANY KIND.It is the customer’s sole responsibility to arrange<strong>for</strong> inspection <strong>and</strong> testing of all products <strong>by</strong>qualified experts. Reference to trade names used<strong>by</strong> other companies is neither a recommendationnor an endorsement of the corresponding product,<strong>and</strong> does not imply that similar products could notbe used.www.aerosil.comwww.evonik.comEvonik Degussa GmbHInorganic MaterialsWeissfrauenstr. 960287 Frankfurt am MainGermanyPhone +49 69 218-2613Fax +49 69 218-62613e-mail ask-si@evonik.comIM-69-1-2-OCT09MT

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