The Difference between an Absolute and a Limited Monarchy

captured, and committed to the Tower, where he remaineduntil his brief restoration. He does not seem to have beenharshly treated, and full provision was made for the satisfactionof his religious wants l. His life was valuable toRelations Edward as long as his son remained at large. Of all thewith Burgundyand princely relatives of the house of Lancaster Charles theFrance. Bold seems to have been the one who took the mostinterest in its fate2. And about this very time Edwardfound it impossible to come to a permanent agreementwith Burgundy because of Charles's influence in favour ofMargaret3. It is not therefore surprising that in thissummer Louis XI and Edward IV rnade a truce foreighteen months, of which the terms were that Louis wasnot to assist Margaret, and Edward was not to assistWar of the Burgundy or Brittany 4. For this year was the year ofPublicWeal. the War of the Public Weal in France, in which not onlyBrittany, but also John of Calabria the brother of Margaretof Anjou, and Edmund Beaufort the titular Duke ofSomerset 5, were among the confederates of Charles ofBurgundy. And this may have had something to do withCharles's tenderness for the concerns of Margaret. Thesefacts moreover lend an additional interest to Fortescue'sreference to that war in the ninth Chapter of the presentwork, where, speaking of the perils of over-mighty subjects,he says : 'and in owre dayes we have sene a subgett offthe Ffsench kynges in such myght pat he hath gyvenbataiil to the same kyng and putt hym to flight, and aftirwardbesegett hym beyng in Paris is grettest cete, and sokeppid thair vnto ye tyme his said kyng hade made suchende with hym, his adherentes and fauctours as he desired.'But at the time no doubt the humiliation of Louis was amatter of jubilation in the Lancastrian camp. In June1467 Charles the Bold became, by his father's death, Dukel Issues of the Exchequer, pp. it necessary to make for his in-489 f. termarrying with the house ofa That Charles really felt his York.connexion uith the house of Lan- W. Worcester, p. 784.caster is shown by the excuses ' Ib. 785 ; Rymer, XI. 452 Kwhich Chastellain (v. 22) thinks Hearne's Fragment, p. 295.of Burgundy; and in the following year he married Mar- Alliance ofgaret the sister of Edward IVCharles thel. The Duke of Somerset Bold withwas at the Burgundian court while the preparations for the "dwaidIV.marriage were going forward, and only left Bruges the daybefore the arrival of the bride, and having nothing more tohope for in that quarter retired to Queen Margaret 2. Thischange in Charles's attitude must have seemed at the timea great blow to the Lancastrians, but it had its compensations.The close alliance of England and Burgundy led Louis X Jnns toLouis XI to look with greater favour on the cause of the theexiles, and it occasioned the final breach betwecn Edward :?,C+and the Nevilles 3. Even before this time the hopes of theLancastrians had been raised by the attitude of Warwiclc'and the general discontent with Edward's government.And now in the summer of 1468 Jasper Tudor was sentinto Wales, where he exercised jurisdiction in King Henry'sname? A little later, Margaret, having been allowed tocollect some forces in France, was waiting at Harfleurhoping for an opportunity of passing into England G. Butthe threat of invasion came to nothing, and Jasper Tudorwas defeated by Lord Herbert, to whom his title of Earlof Pembroke was given. We do not know with what' As early as May, 1467, thequestion of this marriage hadformed the subject of wagers inEngland ; Paston Letters, ii. 305.Vaston Letters, ii. 319. Heseems however to have entered intoconlmunication with some of theEnglish who came over for thewedding. Two gentlemen of theretinue of the Duchess of Norfolkwere executed for this; Hearne'sFra,ment, p. 297 ; Plumpton Correspondence,pp. 19-20 ; Gregory,P. 217.- Tont. Croyl. p. 551.S. C. H. iii. 205. In Dupont'sWaurin, iii. 186-196, there is amost interesting document datedJan. 16,1467 (0. S.), which throwsgreat light on the attitude of Louisand U'arwick at this time. It isfrom Louis's ambassador in Eng-Fland, who says, the report thatbuis is about to marry one of hisdaughters to Prince Edward ofLancaster has caused the utmostdismay in England. On Jan. 7thEdward sent for Warwick, whorefused to come unless his mortalenemies Herbert, Scales,and Wyd-ville [Kivers] were removed. InSuffolk 300 men had risen andchosen a captain, 'Robin,' but ontheir sending to Warwick he toldthem that it was not yet time tomove (' besoigner '). Warwick isloyal to Louis, and though timidcannot dissemble much longer.He is going northwards to meethis brother Northumberland, andif the king pursues him he will defendhimself.~re~ory, p. 237 ; Worcester, p.791. Ib. 792.