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32 THE LINK BETWEEN NUTRITION, DISEASE AND PROSPERITYThe Link Between Nutrition, Diseaseand Prosperity:PreventingNon-Communicable DiseasesAmong Women and Childrenby Tackling MalnutritionJane Badham, Klaus KraemerSight and Life, Basel, SwitzerlandWe face a harsh health reality in the developing world. Nutritionaldeficiencies, predominantly in the form of micronutrient malnutrition,increase the susceptibility to communicable diseasesand non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as heart disease,diabetes and cancer. Many economically developing regions arenow suffering a double burden of obesity, diabetes and otherrelated NCDs, on top of nutritional deficiencies and infectiousdiseases.These all have a significant and negative impact on the livesof individuals that flows over to affect communities and ultimatelyharms national economies. Low- and middle-income countriesare at the center of both longstanding and new public healthchallenges. Much is now being spoken about nutritional deficienciesin the context of undernutrition; while important, we alsoneed to focus attention on addressing the NCDs that will causeover three quarters of all deaths in 2030 and will pose additionalchallenges for already stretched health care budgets. A key linkbetween undernutrition and NCDs is micronutrients (vitaminsand minerals), which yet again mostly affects the world’s poorwomen and children – further increasing the disparities betweenthe affluent and the poor. The fact remains that women make uplittle over half of the world’s population, but they account for60% of the world’s hungry. They also produce between 60 and80% of the food in most developing countries, where they haveless access to land and credit than men do.The powerful consequences of nutrition transitionHuman diet and nutritional status have undergone a numberof major shifts over the last three centuries. The concept of thenutrition transition can be defined as a stepwise sequence ofcharacteristic changes in dietary patterns and nutrient intakesassociated with societal, economic and cultural changes duringthe demographic transition of populations. It focuses on shifts indiet, especially its structure and overall composition, is reflectedin outcomes such as changes in body stature and body composition,and is paralleled by major changes in health status. A clearexample is how changes in European and American diets havecaused fluctuations in the average height of men and womenthroughout time.Now, more than ever, we need to not only understand the dietaryand health changes taking place and their consequences,but we also need to define and implement program and policychanges that will positively improve the total nutritional andhealth status of people in developing economies.The prevalence of overweight and obesity exceeded that ofundernutrition in the majority of 37 developing countries studiedas far back as 2005. Recent trends show the rising prevalencehas spread and the incidence of obesity has further acceleratednot only amongst adults but also adolescents and even childrenin the emerging middle class. It is not obesity alone but also diabetes,hypertension, dyslipidemia and arthrosclerosis that appearto be on the increase. The reality is that four out of five NCDdeaths are in low- and middle-income countries. (Figure 1) Thisindicates a negative nutrition transition that has serious implicationsfor physical and mental development and performance.
SIGHT AND LIFE | VOL. 25 (2) | 201133“Nutrition has to bethe basis of judging nationaldevelopment”The double burden of malnutrition occurs in a single family,as seen with this mother and child in Micronesia.
Page 1 and 2: VOL. 25 (2) | 2011Sight and Life16
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Page 5 and 6: WelcomeThe risk of doing nothing
Page 7 and 8: The Sight and Life editorial board
Page 9 and 10: SIGHT AND LIFE | VOL. 25 (2) | 2011
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Page 14 and 15: 14NCDs-Silent Killersle “Non-Comm
Page 16 and 17: 16 INTRAUTERINE PROGRAMMING OF NCDI
Page 18 and 19: 18 INTRAUTERINE PROGRAMMING OF NCDf
Page 20 and 21: 20 INTRAUTERINE PROGRAMMING OF NCDM
Page 22 and 23: 22 INTRAUTERINE PROGRAMMING OF NCDR
Page 24 and 25: 24 OLSON MEMORIAL LECTURE - CARIG W
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Page 38 and 39: 38 VITAMIN D AND INFLAMMATIONPlasma
Page 40 and 41: 40 VITAMIN D AND INFLAMMATIONfigure
Page 42 and 43: 42table 3: Factors influencing vita
Page 44 and 45: 44 VITAMIN D AND INFLAMMATION1,25(O
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Page 48 and 49: 48 OPINION 1Opinion 1: Vitamin D St
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Page 52 and 53: 52 SYSTEMATIC DATA ANALYSIS IN QUAL
Page 58 and 59: 58 FEIKE SIJBESMA: A VISION OF LIFE
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Page 76 and 77: 76REMEMBERING MICHAEL C LATHAMRemem
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88 WHAT'S NEWMaternal, Infant and Y
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90 WHAT'S NEW101the Momentum - Stak
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92 WHAT'S NEWand President Elect of
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