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Chainsaw milling in Ghana: context, drivers and impacts1.3 Public debate on chainsaw millingNot surprisingly, there has been increased public debate about how to deal withchainsaw milling in policy and practice. In 2004, for example, Tropenbos InternationalGhana organised a national expert consultation workshop solely to discuss chainsawmilling. The FAO commissioned a study in 2005 to assess CSM in Ghana. Theseinitiatives resulted in reports (TBI 2004; Odoom 2005) that revealed the complexitiesof CSM; it was confirmed that CSM was thriving and that enforcement of theban had largely failed. It was recognised that there was a lack of information on thedrivers and structure of CSM and on its social, economic and environmental impacts.Little information was available on the perceptions of CSM stakeholders on how todeal with the issue.In 2005, the UK Department for International Development (DFID) funded a studyon chainsaw milling and lumber trade in West Africa. This study, which includedGhana, resulted in three main reports (Adam et al. 2007a, b and c), focusing on socioeconomicimpacts, corruption in CSM and trade and the development of a decisionsupport system for CSM in Ghana. During 2008–09, based on an information gapanalysis, the Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG) undertook a study of CSMto provide the additional information needed to inform a policy dialogue process forfinding alternatives to illegal chainsaw milling in Ghana. The study report was sharedat a two-day regional workshop on chainsaw milling in May 2009 in Accra, Ghana.This document collates and synthesises all the information available on CSM with aview to informing the multi-stakeholder dialogue process to develop policy options.It provides a summary of the most up-to-date information on chainsaw operationsin Ghana, drawing on the information contained in previous studies. In particular itbuilds on the work of Tropenbos International (2004), Adam et al. (2007a and b),Marfo, Adam and Obiri (2009) and subsequent discussions on chainsaw millingunder the EU-TBI chainsaw milling project (Table 2).1.4 Main approaches followed in previous studiesThe national focus-group discussion workshop in 2004 was attended by more than100 people from all major stakeholder groups; ten invited papers were presentedand group discussions were held, and the proceedings were published (TBI 2004).The DFID-funded study on chainsaw milling and lumber trade in West Africa wascarried out by FORIG in collaboration with Aberdeen University over two years with aresearch team of eight core members.The TIDD/FORIG market survey, commissioned under the Natural Resources andEnvironment Governance program, was carried out within a period of about twomonths with four technical teams.The Ghana case study from the EU-TBI chainsaw milling project was carried out byan 11-member research team, mainly from FORIG. The details of the studies aresummarised in Table 2.4
Chapter 1. IntroductionTable 2. Details of case studies on chainsaw milling carried out by FORIGproject study area* methods used respondentsDFID study(Adam et al.2007a, b, c)EU-TBIchainsawmillingproject(Marfo, Adamand Obiri2009)TIDD-FORIGmarket study(TIDD/FORIG2009)12 market survey, interviewsand focus group discussion8 market survey,stakeholder surveys,focus group discussions,expert round-table meetingnationwide(all regions)*Note: number of forest districtsdocument reviewmarket survey360 households8 lumber markets79 chainsaw firms22 district forest managers289 retailers10 timber markets300 district-level stakeholderrepresentatives (chiefs, DistrictChief Executives, etc.)85 farmers300 operators218 consumers from 37 markets611 wood dealers in 44 marketsEnvironmental impact studies under the EU project used field surveys and aquantitative assessment of five indicator variables in two forest reserves: disturbanceto ground vegetation, canopy loss, harvesting intensity, residue generation, andrecognition for protection of immature trees, waterbodies and agricultural crops. Theproject measured the processing efficiency of chainsaws, chainsaws with attachmentsand Wood-Mizer milling using four species of different density classes replicated inthree trees per species.1.5 Scope of this reportThis report is organised into six chapters. The introductory chapter gives a briefhistory behind the work and objectives and a brief review of the methods used inprevious studies. Chapter 2 describes the evolution of CSM in Ghana and the policyresponses over the years. It ends with an overview of the major players involved inCSM policy debates and operations. Chapter 3 reports on the current situation ofchainsaw milling, focusing on production, transport and marketing. It also includesfinancial aspects such as investment sources, production costs, profits and distributionof revenue. Chapter 4 looks at the factors that drive CSM. The social, economicand environmental impacts of CSM are discussed in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 draws outthe main conclusions from the various studies analyzed and presents a set of recommendationsand a range of alternative options, particularly those relevant to multistakeholderprocesses.5
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Endnotes1. The actual amount of waw
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ReferencesAyine, A.D. 2008. Develop
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ReferencesOpoku, K. 2006. Forest Go
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Annex 1average size of haulagecrewn
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AcronymsAAC Annual allowable cutCE
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