CHAINSAW MILLING IN GHANA: CONTExT, DRIVERS ... - Fornis.net

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Chainsaw milling in Ghana: context, drivers and impactsTable 5. Operators’ reasons to consider areas their most important source of timberreasonsproportion of answers from respondentsobtaining timber mainly from:forest reserves(n=6)fallow areas(n=5)farms(n=38)availability of timber resources in the area 50 60 16helps open up farms and helps crops to grow well 0 0 26harvesting in the area does not destroy farm0 40 3cropsless likely to be arrested 0 0 13availability of high-quality timber 50 0 10easy access to trees/timber 0 0 26farmers invite operators to harvest from their land 0 0 3the ban on reserves 0 0 3total 100 100 100Source: Adam et al. 2007aTable 6. Key considerations of CSM operators in selecting areas and trees for millingfactors affecting choice of trees for felling% of respondentsavailability of desired species 32size 68location on farmland 29bole quality (length or form) 46off-reserve 7proximity to road 5accessibility in terms of terrain 11Source: Adam et al. 2007a; n = 76 respondentsGenerally, the size of the tree, quality of the bole and location on farmland appear tobe the most important considerations when selecting a tree to harvest. Most operators(about 74% in the case of Acheampong and Marfo 2009) indicated that theyoperated within five km of the main roads.With regard to obtaining permission to fell trees, 80% of operators reported thatfarmers were the most important persons to contact, followed by assembly representativesand forestry staff (8%); 12% of operators said they did not ask permission tocut trees. Interestingly, 85% of those who contacted farmers said they did so because“the farmer is the land-owner and can give access to the trees” (Box 2); the otherssaid it was because “they don’t need a permit and can easily bargain with thefarmer” (Acheampong and Marfo 2009, 88).16
Chapter 3. Timber production and tradeAcheampong and Marfo (2009) also report on operators’ perceptions of the availabilityof trees for their operations. As many as 92% of chainsaw operators admittedthat access to trees had become difficult; they reported that the three most limitingfactors were increased law enforcement (86%), restrictive tree tenure arrangements(44%) and the long distances to travel to obtain trees (40%).B o x 2. Tree tenure and access to treesTree tenure arrangements in Ghana are complex; the right that a person has overa tree depends on whether it is planted or naturally growing, whether it is oncommunal/family land or rented land; whether the whole tree is needed or onlypart of it, and whether the end use is commercial or domestic.The rights to all naturally-occurring trees are vested in the state, no matter wherethey occur, except for alienated lands, which are lands that have been given back totraditional owners.All planted trees are owned by the planter.Although community members can generally use parts of trees on communal landsfor domestic needs, they cannot harvest the trees or products for commercial use.Any harvesting of trees requires a permit from the Forestry Commission in the formof a Timber Utilisation Contract, Timber Utilisation Permit or Salvage Permit.For a detailed review of forest tenure security in Ghana, see Agyeman 1994and Marfo 2009.3.3.2 Production operationsAdam et al. (2007a) identified four main categories of workers involved in millingoperations: tree fellers, porters, tree scouts and loading boys. In general, the size ofthe operation gangs ranged from six to nine. With the exception of the tree fellerand porters, who may be migrants, most of the workers were hired locally.The chainsaw brand used most often is Stihl, and the average age of equipmentwas six years (Adam et al. 2007a). Safety did not seem to be a major considerationin chainsaw operations. Adam et al. (2007a) for example, observed that as many as73% of operators did not use any safety device such as boots, ear and eye protection,cups, gloves and helmets, nor did they monitor tree-felling direction. About46% of operators reported having had occupational accidents. In addition to the lackof safety measures, about one third of operators studied also indicated that theycarried out their operations at night. There was no correlation between workingperiod and incidence of accidents (Adam et al. 2007a, 42).17
Page 1: Chainsaw Millingin GhanaContext, dr
Page 4 and 5: The mission of Tropenbos Internatio
Page 6: Chapter 4. Drivers of chainsaw mill
Page 12 and 13: Chainsaw milling in Ghana: Context,
Page 14 and 15: Chainsaw milling in Ghana: Context,
Page 16 and 17: Chainsaw milling in Ghana: context,
Page 58: Chainsaw milling in Ghana: context,
Page 61 and 62: Chapter 6Conclusions and policyreco
Page 63 and 64: Chapter 6. Conclusions and policy r
Page 69 and 70: Endnotes1. The actual amount of waw
Page 71 and 72: ReferencesAyine, A.D. 2008. Develop
Page 73 and 74: ReferencesOpoku, K. 2006. Forest Go
Page 75 and 76: Annex 1average size of haulagecrewn
Page 77: AcronymsAAC Annual allowable cutCE

CHAINSAW MILLING IN GHANA: CONTExT, DRIVERS ... - Fornis.net

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?