Class: 2 nd Year H/W UnitsSubject: Atmospheric Thermodynamics Thr. 3 Lab. 2 3×2 = 81. Math ReviewDefinitions2. Systems, equilibrium, types of energy, state variables, extensive versus, intensivevariables, transformations, reversible and irreversible processesThe First Law of Thermodynamics3.The laws of thermodynamics, the first law of thermodynamics, p-v workEnthalpy, Specific Heat, and Ideal GasesEnthalpy, the importance of enthalpy, heat capacities and specific heats, relation4. between c v and c p, ideal gases, form of ideal gas law most used by meteorologists,internal energy of an ideal gas, specific heats for ideal gases,the first law of thermodynamics for ideal gasesThermodynamic Processes5. Isothermal processes, isobaric processes, adiabatic processes potential temperature,work in an adiabatic processVertical StructureGeopotential, pressure, pressure decrease in an isothermal atmosphere, thickness and6.the hypsometric equation, distribution of molecular speeds,why is there so little hydrogen in the atmosphere? is the upper atmosphere well mixed?Stability of Dry air7. Dry adiabatic lapse rate, buoyancy, stability in a dry atmosphere, potential temperature,dry static energyEntropyA review of state variables, entropy, mathematical excursion, entropy of an ideal gas,8.entropy change in an adiabatically expanding ideal gas, entropy of a mixture of idealgases, entropy of mixingThe Second Law of Thermodynamics9. The second law of thermodynamics, the maximum work theorem, maximum efficiencyof a heat engine, the Carnot cycle, potential temperatureThe Energy Minimum Principle10 The entropy maximum principle, the energy minimum principle, Helmholtz freeenergy, Gibbs free energy, Maxwell relationsPhase ChangesGeneral, phase diagram for H 2 O, Gibbs free energy of a multiple component system,11. equilibrium at phase change, the Clapeyron equation, liquid – vapor equilibrium, solid –vapor equilibrium, solid – liquid equilibrium, the effect of air pressure on the saturationvapor pressureWater VaporPartial pressure, vapor pressure, saturation vapor pressure, specific humidity and12.mixing ratio, dew point temperature, relative humidity, key difference between themeasures of humidity, humidity measurementPseudoadiabatic Processesvirtual temperature, specific heat of moist air, thermodynamic equation for a moist air13.parcel, pseudoadiabatic processes equivalent potential temperature,pseudoadiabatic lapse rate, moist static energy14. Thermodynamic DiagramsGeneral, creating a diagram with area proportional to work, the emagram, tephigram,
skew-T/log p diagram, Stuve diagram15. Use of the Skew-T diagramSkew-T/log p diagram, use of the skew-T/log p diagram, convective available potentialenergy (CAPE), convective inhibition (CIN)TextbookAn Introduction to Atmospheric Thermodynamics, by Anastasios Tsonis, Cambridge UniversityPress, 2007.ReferenceA Short Course in Cloud Physics, 3 rd ed., R. R. Rogers and M. K. Yau, Pergamon Press, 1989.
Change language