understanding land investment deals in africa - Oakland Institute

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About This ReportThis report is part of the Oakland Institute’s (OI) seven-country case study project to document and examine landinvestment deals in Africa (Ethiopia, Mali, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, and Zambia) in order todetermine social, economic, and environmental implications of land acquisitions in the developing world.This report is the product of research undertaken by OI between June and October 2011. The research teamconducted thorough examination of the actual agreements and the extent and distribution of specific land deals.Through field research, involving extensive documentation and interviews with local informants, multiple aspectsof commercial land investments were examined including their social, political, economic, and legal impacts.The team also met with government officials, civil society, investors, and the local communities that have beenimpacted by land investments.
Table of Contentslist of Acronyms.........................................................................................................................................................1Executive Summary.................................................................................................................................................... 2Introduction...............................................................................................................................................................51. COUNTRY CONTEXT................................................................................................................................................... 7North-South Civil War............................................................................................................................................................ 7Challenges of Nation-building .............................................................................................................................................. 8Food Security ....................................................................................................................................................................... 10Questions Surrounding the Availability of Land.................................................................................................................. 112. LEGAL FRAMEWORK..................................................................................................................................................13Land Act (2009)....................................................................................................................................................................13Draft Land Policy (2011)........................................................................................................................................................14The Local Government Act (2009) and Investment Promotion Act (2009).......................................................................14“Land Belongs to the Community”....................................................................................................................................... 153. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK................................................................................................................................. 16Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.....................................................................................................................................16Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Investment................................................................................................................17International Financial Institutions (IFIs) and Donor Countries.........................................................................................184. CASE STUDIES............................................................................................................................................................ 19Nile Trading and Development, Kinyeti Development and the American Exotic Timber Group......................................20Commonwealth Development Corporation (CDC) and the Finnish Fund for Development Cooperation (Finnfund).... 27Al Ain National Wildlife.........................................................................................................................................................33Citadel Capital and Concord Agriculture............................................................................................................................. 365. CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................................................ 42ENDNOTES ....................................................................................................................................................................44
Page 2: Understanding Land Investment Deals
Page 7: executive summaryOn July 9, 2011, t
Page 10 and 11: INTRODUCTIONAround the world, ferti
Page 12 and 13: 1. COUNTRY CONTEXTBox 1. South Suda
Page 14 and 15: the population—are moderately or
Page 16 and 17: Questions Surrounding the Availabil
Page 18 and 19: 2. LEGAL FRAMEWORKSouth Sudan’s l
Page 20 and 21: within the local government council
Page 22 and 23: Habila mechanized schemes, Nuba Mou
Page 24 and 25: 4. CASE STUDIESThere was a large in
Page 27 and 28: Nile Trading & Development Contract
Page 29 and 30: when Kinyeti representatives travel
Page 31 and 32: South Sudan. There is a tendency fo
Page 33 and 34: the Equatoria Teak Company and its
Page 36 and 37: of encroachment by the local commun
Page 38: which the CDC and Finnfund are will
Page 41 and 42: provide the local community with so
Page 43 and 44: officials with the state and centra
Page 45 and 46: all of the 50,000 tons of food it c
Page 47 and 48: 5. CONCLUSIONSouth Sudan experience
Page 49 and 50: ENDNOTES1 This is an updated figure
Page 51 and 52: 68 “South Sudan Launches Private
Page 53 and 54:
171 Ibid.172 Taban Deng, op. cit.17
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