understanding land investment deals in africa - Oakland Institute

108 McSkimming, op. cit.109 Thwol, op. cit.110 Ezibon, op. cit.111 Suba Manase, County Commissioner, Lanya County, direct communication,23 June 2011.112 Equatoria Teak Agreement, op. cit.113 Ibid.114 Kpasira, op. cit.11 Ibid.116 According to the SGS Qualifor report, in January 2009, ETC wasemploying 246 workers. Equatoria Teak Company Forest ManagementCertification Report, SGS Qualifor, Doc. No. AD 36A-08, 22 January2009.117 Ezibon, op. cit.118 Ezibon, op. cit.119 Former employee, Equatoria Teak Company, direct communication,27 July 2011.120 Local government official, op. cit.121 Equatoria Teak Agreement, op. cit.122 SGS Qualifor, op. cit.123 Ibid.124 Western Equatoria State Official, direct communication, 27 July 2011.125 Ezibon, op. cit.126 Ezibon, op. cit.127 Local government official, op. cit.128 Equatoria Teak employee, direct communication, 27 July 2011.129 According to the SGS Qualifor report, the ETC paid its employees10.11 Sudanese pounds per day. SGS Qualifor, op. cit. However, accordingto workers, the company deducted the cost of lunch and the actualamount that they took home was seven Sudanese pounds per day.130 Former Equatoria Teak employee, op. cit.131 Equatoria Teak employee, op. cit.132 Paul Logony, Director, Boma Development Initiative (BDI), directcommunication, 19 August 2011.133 Jared Ferrie, “Southern Sudan: The Role of Minority Rights in Buildinga New Nation,” Minority Rights Group (MRG), June 2011.134 Local government official, Boma, direct communication, 29 June 2011.135 Logony, op. cit.136 The word “maruwak” is Murle for “ancestor” and Maruwa is consideredto be the birthplace of the first Red Chiefs and a holy place inMurle culture.137 International non-governmental organization (INGO) employee, Juba,South Sudan, direct communication, 19 August 2011.138Logony, op. cit.139 Citadel Capital, “Wafra Concludes First Commercial Wheat Harvestin Sudan,” 4 July 2011, http://farmlandgrab.org/post/view/19018 (accessed27 September 2011).140 Deng, The New Frontier, op. cit.141 Citadel Capital, http://www.citadelcapital.com/ (accessed 27 September2011) [hereinafter Citadel Capital website].142 Ibid.143 European Investment Bank (EIB), “Egypt: EIB invests in PrivateEquity Fund Managed by Citadel Capital, to Support PrivateCompanies in the Region,” 1 October 2009, http://www.eib.org/projects/press/2009/2009-188-egypt-eib-invests-in-private-equityfund-to-support-private-companies-in-the-region.htm(accessed 27September 2011); “IFC commits USD 25m to Citadel Capital’s MENAJoint Investment Fund,” AltAssets, 14 May 2009, http://www.altassets.com/private-equity-news/by-region/africa/mena/article/nz15798.html(accessed 27 September 2011).144 EIB, op. cit.145 Simon Mars, “Citadel Capital to conquer east Africa,” The National, 3December 2010, http://www.thenational.ae/featured-content/channelpage/business/middle-article-list/citadel-capital-to-conquer-east-africa(accessed 27 September 2011).146 “Citadel Capital co-hosts annual African Venture Capital Associationmeeting,” 17 November 2009, http://www.ameinfo.com/216404.html(accessed 27 September 2011).147 Citadel Capital website, op. cit.148 Citadel Capital, 2010 Annual Report, p 36.149 Ibid. p 30; Citadel Capital website, op. cit.150 Citadel Capital, 2010 Annual Report, op. cit., p 31.151 Ibid. p 32.152 Ibid. 38; Eric Ombok, “Citadel Capital of Egypt Plans to Invest More inEast Africa,” Bloomberg, 1 August 2011, http://farmlandgrab.org/post/view/19019 (accessed 27 September 2011).153 Ombok, op. cit.154 Taban Deng, Governor of Unity State, direct communication, 17August 2011.155 Ibid.156 Peter Schuurs, CEO, Concord Agriculture, direct communication, 17August 2011.157 Ibid.158 Citadel Capital, 2009 Annual Report, p 5.159 Schuurs, op. cit.160 Group discussion, Unity State, direct communication, 17 August 2011.161 Bonaifacio Taban Kuich, “North Sudan Army Arrest Two NGO Staffsand Four Civil Servants in Oil Rich Heglig,” Sudan Tribune, 21 June2011, http://www.sudantribune.com/North-Sudan-army-arrest-two-NGO,39290 (accessed 27 September 2011).162 Schuurs, op. cit.163 “Citadel Capital co-hosts annual African Venture Capital Associationmeeting,” Citadel Capital, 17 November 2009, http://citadelcapital.com/press-releases/citadel-capital-co-hosts-african-venture-capitalassociation-meeting/(accessed 27 September 2011).164 Schuurs, op. cit.165 Ibid.166 Taban Deng, op. cit.167 Schuurs, op. cit.168 Schuurs, op. cit.169 Carey Gillam, “Roundup Herbicide Research Shows Plant, SoilProblems,” Reuters, 12 August 2011, http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/12/us-glyphosate-idUSTRE77B58A20110812(accessed 27September 2011); B. McPherson, “Roundup Blamed for Plant Disease,Super Weeds, Lowered Fertility Rates,” All Voices, 12 August 2011,http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/9937636-roundup-blamedfor-plant-diseasesuper-weeds-lowered-fertility-rates(accessed 27September 2011); Sean Ellis, “Delays Pile up in Investigation of BiotechWoes,” Capital Press, 21 July 2011, http://www.capitalpress.com/idaho/se-Roundup-claims-072211 (accessed 27 September 2011).170 Schuurs, op. cit.The Oakland Institute understanding land investment deals in africa: south sudan | 47