January-December 2010, vol. 1

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Permanent Study Centre on Emigration – Museum of theEmigrant, to allow those who live in the Republic, and thosewho live abroad, to explore, without rites or rhetoric, migratoryevents, collectively recognizing themselves with regard to pastand future.In 1997 the Permanent Study Centre on Emigration – Museumof the Emigrant was established in a wing of the ancientMonastero Santa Chiara, located in the historical centre of SanMarino. The project was completed thanks to the activecooperation of all citizens, providing objects, documents,testimonies, advice, besides economic contribution from publicand private entities and international organizations. High schooland university students were involved in the project tointerview former emigrants and collect documentary andiconographic material. The research was also carried out amongthe twenty five Communities of San Marino Citizens ResidentAbroad. Continuous involvement and cooperation are the bestguarantee for the development of any future initiative.The collected materials are divided in three large categories:objects, written sources and iconographic sources.• Objects include work tools and tools of any kind relevant tothe migratory experience.• Written sources include:- correspondence with emigrants (letters andpostcards from and to San Marino);- miscellaneous documents (passports, certificates,government calls from foreign countries, ticket fares,working papers and pay sheets, receipts and bankbooks, diplomas obtained abroad, officialcorrespondence with public and privateadministrations, sports or other certificates,advertising of San Marino companies abroad,posters and documents of the Communities abroad,notices and announcements of baptisms,confirmations, weddings, etc.);- minor literature (autobiographies, diaries, essays onemigration).• The iconographic sources have been collected from thefamilies who have experienced migration either directly orindirectly.the research centreThe Permanent Study Centre on Emigration was established onthe one hand to collect and protect the history and memory ofSan Marino emigration, highlighting its social, political,economic, linguistic and anthropological aspects, and on theother hand, to become a research centre on migrations.Over the years the Research Centre has promoted and carriedout several initiatives, described in detail on its website atwww.museoemigrante.sm:• Conferences and seminars. The Conference “Migrationand Development” held on 20-21 October 2006 obtainedthe support of the Secretary General of the Council ofEurope Terry Davis.• A specialized library (which may be consulted on theunified catalogue of San Marino University athttp://supernova.unirsm.sm/sebina/opac/ase);• A film library containing multimedia productions andamateur videotapes;• A book collection;• A drama: ”The Hero’s Journey”;• A literary competition: ”The Migratory Experience of SanMarino People”;• An itinerant exhibition: “A Small State in the Great History.Emigration Between Event and Narration” to be consultedat www.museoemigrante.sm• Workshops for schools; and• A project for networked research: “Migrant Professions”;The Study Centre promotes the introduction of San Marinouniversity students or graduates in the field of research andoperates under the guidance of an Advisory Board. It is linked toa network of research centres with similar objectives located inItaly, in European countries and outside Europe. It has been amember of AEMI (Association of European MigrationInstitutions) since 1997.The archives of the Museum consist of:Hard-copy archive: 1,200 documents on emigration, collected in San Marinoand abroad, filed and catalogued by community; 12,000 passports and relevant certificates filed andnumbered progressively; and 500 original pieces or copies of public and privatecorrespondence.Sound archive: 300 interviews and 150 filmed interviews to formeremigrants and San Marino nationals resident abroad.Digital archive: microfilms of: documents related to the Emigration Officeover the period 1923-1942, deposited in the State Archive;the minutes of SUMS (Società Unione Mutuo Soccorso)over the period 1893-1914; and baptism extracts at theSaint’s Basilica over the period 1572-1870.the memory archiveThe Memory Archive is a networked system dedicated to theresearch and management of data and documentation on SanMarino emigration. This project, still in progress, not onlyfacilitates the collection and inclusion of sources in an inventory,and their consultation and use, but it also enables users toaccess such information by entering a password.The objective is the creation of a “large San Marino memoryarchive”, a virtual and interactive museum of intangible goods,46 | IHSJ ITALIAN HISTORICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL VOLUME 18 2010
which may be consulted, widened and updated in all countriesof the world hosting San Marino citizens.The archives consist of 8 databases: the first five includeexpatriation documents, testifying more than a hundred yearsof emigration. Research can be carried out by entering theperson’s surname, selecting the country of emigration orentering the period of issue of the document authorizingexpatriation.1. register of expatriation records(1835-1843 and 1856-1860)The archive contains more than 1,550 entries from 1835 to1843 ad from 1856 to 1861. Such data have been obtainedfrom expatriation records on migration movements of SanMarino nationals to Italy, showing personal data, professionand destination.2. emigration permits (1865-1923)The archive contains 16,298 entries obtained from theemigration permits issued to San Marino citizens whoemigrated to Italy from 1865 to 1923. Each permit showspersonal data, profession and destination.3. stubs (1868-1923)The archive contains 5,914 entries obtained from the stubs ofthe expatriation records (documents necessary to emigrate toEuropean and non European countries from 1868 to 1923).They contain personal data, profession and destination, andaccompanying family members’ names.6. repatriations (1960-1980)The archive contains about 4,960 entries of citizens repatriatedto San Marino between 1960 and 1980. Each entry showspersonal data, repatriation year, country of departure.7. iconographiesThe archive contains about 1,800 photographs, which arecatalogued into macro-categories (in studio, ceremony, travel,community, work, monuments, leisure time, school, other). Foreach photograph place, date, type and donor are specified.8. lettersThe archive contains 200 letters catalogued according to thefollowing parameters: date, sender, receiver, type (letter,postcard, telegram), subject, place.4. renewal of stubs (1868-1923)The archive contains 1,911 detailed entries obtained from therequests for renewal of the expatriation document, showingplaces of destination, profession and accompanying familymembers’ names.5. passports (1923-1962)The archive contains 11,977 entries (plus renewals) withphotographs obtained from passports issued to San Marinocitizens (Law on passport issue n. 23 of 13 August 1923, whichreplaced all other expatriation documents). The passports arepreserved at the Museum of the Emigrant and represent ainvaluable documentary heritage. Each passport showsphotograph, personal data, social class, destination, professionand accompanying family members’ names.the exhibitionThe Museum of the Emigrant, which was established with theobjective to become a large documentary exhibition,presenting San Marino emigration as an historical event and anarration, is neither a mere container for obsolete objects nor a“monument” fixed once and for all. It is a comprehensiveitinerary aiming at representing the essential characteristics ofSan Marino society and economy, caught also through materialculture.The Museum, which came in the top ten at the “1998 EuropeanMuseum of the Year Award”, organized by the association “TheEuropean Museum Forum” with the support of the Council ofEurope, can also be visited on the Internet atwww.museoemigrante.sm.The tour starts with an enlarged picture of a group of SanMarino citizens leaving for Germany in 1939, following aGovernment call, and proceeds through eight rooms (dividedIHSJ ITALIAN HISTORICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL VOLUME 18 2010 | 47
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