CURRENT Essentials of Critical Care.pdf

Incontinence, in spinal cord compression, 199Incoordination, in respiratory acidosis, 68Infection, 155, 221, 291diarrhea caused by, 166hemoptysis in, 96in immunocompromised hosts, 141intra-abdominal, 143intravenous catheter-associated, 144necrotizing soft tissue, 146polymicrobial, 146, 291prevention of nosocomial, 152in transplant recipients, 28Infiltrates, in PCP, 151Inflammation, 161airway, 100in aspiration pneumonitis, 95Informed choice, 32, 33Informed consent, 34Informed denial, 34Inhalation injury, acute, 82Inhalation therapy, delayed effects of, 82Injury, spinal cord, 200. See also Brain injury;Head injuryInotropic agents, 63, 219, 220Insecticides, poisoning from, 238Insomnia, 226, 227, 237Inspiratory plateau pressure, 100Inspiratory pressure airway pressure (IPAP), 103Insulin, 55, 181intravenous infusion of, 12metabolism of, 183in parenteral nutrition, 15in renal failure, 214in sepsis, 154Insulinoma, 183Insulin resistance, 12, 180Intakes and outputs, 64Interferon, for rubeola, 272Intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV), 97.See also Ventilation, mechanicalInternational normalized ratio (INR), 48, 49Intracranial pressurein head injury, 193in hepatic failure, 169increased, 194on mechanical ventilation, 101monitoring of, 13Intravenous (IV) fluids, 226, 237, 242, 250. Seealso Fluid managementin benzodiazepine withdrawal, 227in hypothermia, 251in spinal cord injury, 200Intubation, 169, 238, 240, 248, 250, 251, 253in coma, 202in electrical shock, 248for head injury, 193in increased ICP, 194in inhalation injury, 82for pancreatitis, 173Intubation, endotracheal, 83, 87, 93, 110in hemoptysis, 96in neurogenic shock, 77in respiratory failure, 107, 108, 109for respiratory failure from neuromusculardisorders, 106Intubation, nasal, 77, 164Ipodate sodium, 186Ipratropium bromide, 105, 110Iron deficiency anemia, in gastritis, 168Iron overdose, 232Irrigationin calcium channel blocker overdose, 229in toxic shock syndrome, 274Irritability, 69, 227, 241. See also Agitationin hyponatremia, 60in renal failure, 213Irritation, in aspiration pneumonitis, 95Ischemiain arterial insufficiency, 118in toxicology disorders, 230Isolation, 145, 272of HIV-infected patients, 153for meningococcemia, 266for radiation injury, 254Isoniazid (INH), 145Isopropanol toxicity, 235Isoproterenol, 228Isotonic fluids, in adynamic ileus, 162. See alsoFluid managementIsotretinoin drugs, for psoriasis, 264Itching, in miliaria, 267JJaneway lesions, 142Jaundice, 161, 165, 169, 225, 256Jejunostomy tubes, 14Jugular shunt, in renal failure, 209Jugular venous distension, in renal failure, 213Jugular venous pressure (JVP), in cardiactamponade, 120Justice, in medical ethics, 33KKayexalate, 55Ketamine, 233Ketoacidosis, diabetic, 181Ketoconazole, for Cushing syndrome, 180Kidneyssacrificing, 215transplants, 26, 209Knee replacement, DVT prophylaxis for, 7Koplik spots, 272Kussmaul respirations, 65, 181, 213Kussmaul sign, in cardiac tamponade, 120Kyphoscoliosis, respiratory failure associatedwith, 107LLabetalol, 116, 123, 288Lacrimation, in opiod withdrawal, 237Lactic acidosis, in septic shock, 78Lactulose, 285Laminectomy, 199Large-bowel obstruction, 170Laryngeal edema, 73, 83Legionella, 137Lepirudin, for HIT, 42Lethargy, 86, 193, 225, 235, 239, 240, 251in diabetic ketoacidosis, 181in metabolic acidosis, 65in metabolic alkalosis, 66in renal disorders, 208, 213in respiratory failure, 108Leucovorin, for HIV-infected patients, 135Leukemia, acute, 279Leukocytosis, 81, 124, 161, 162, 164, 169, 180in C. difficile-associated diarrhea, 136in cholangitis, 165in dermatology disorders, 263, 264in pancreatitis, 173and strangulated obstruction, 175in vasculitis, 222Leukopenia, 222Leukotriene inhibitors, 212Leukotrienes, in anaphylaxis, 83LeVeen shunt, 209Level of consciousness (LOC). See also Comain increased ICP, 194in toxicology disorders, 236Levofloxacin, 95, 137Levothyroxine therapy, for myxedema coma,184