Wheat DDGS Feed Guide - Western Canadian Feed Innovation ...

Recommendations

Info

RUMINANT DIETS DAIRy Due to the small particle size of wheat DDGS resulting from the processes involved in ethanol production, dairy producers and nutritionists formulate dairy rations to ensure cow chewing time is sufficient to maintain rumen pH which is linked to maintaining milk fat concentrations (Nuez, 2010; Chibisa et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2010a; Zhang et al., 2010b). Penner and Christensen (2009) found that wheat DDGS or corn DDGS could effectively replace 19% of the concentrate (e.g. barley, canola meal) without negatively impacting milk yield, milk composition or chewing. Zhang et al. (2010) replaced a portion of the barley silage with 20% DDGS or 20% DDGS + 10% alfalfa hay. DMI, milk yield and milk protein yields were increased slightly with overall DDGS inclusion. Somewhat contrary to Penner and Christensen’s findings (2009), eating, chewing time and ruminating time were reduced for cows on DDGS-containing diets (Zhang et al., 2010b). No differences were seen by including 10% alfalfa hay. Further studies on higher rates of alfalfa hay inclusion may clarify the effectiveness of including hay in the diets with wheat DDGS to maintain milk fat. Significantly more research has been carried out on feeding corn DDGS to dairy cattle than on wheat DDGS (Schingoethe, 2009). Today in Canada and the U.S., corn DDGS is frequently included in dairy herd rations. In a lactation performance study Anderson et al. (2006) concluded that corn wet or dry corn-based DDGS improved feed efficiency by increasing milk yields, protein yields, and milk fat yields while tending to decrease DMI when included at up to 20% of dietary DM. 16 TABLE 6. Effect of wheat DDGS on milk yield, milk fat yield, and dry matter intake in dairy cattle rations. Relative to Control Results Study Wheat DDGS Replacement Milk Yield Milk Fat Yield DMI Germany - Franke et al. (2009) Replaced 16.5% rape seed meal No change No change No change Saskatchewan - Chibisa et al. (2010) Replaced 10% canola meal (protein) No change No change -- Saskatchewan - Chibisa et al. (2010) Replaced 15% canola meal (protein) 1 kg/day higher No change -- Saskatchewan - Chibisa, et al. (2010 Replaced 20% canola meal (protein) No change No change -- Alberta - Zhang et al. (2010b) Replaced part of barley silage at 20% of diet DM 2.8 kg/day higher No change 2 kg/day higher Alberta - Zhang et al. (2010b) Replaced part of barley silage at 20% of diet DM + add 10% alfalfa hay 3.6 kg/day higher No change 2.6 kg/day higher Alberta - Zhang et al. (2010a) 70/30 corn/wheat DDGS fed to replace 20% barley silage (forage portion), 3.4kg/day higher No change 3.6 kg/day higher Alberta - Zhang et al. (2010a) 70/30 corn/wheat DDGS fed to replace 20% barley grain (protein portion) No change No change No change Saskatchewan - Penner et al. (2009) Replaced 19% of concentrate fed No change No change No change
As discussed previously, the oil content of corn DDGS has been shown to meet animal requirements while decreasing DMI (Anderson et al., 2006), whereas wheat DDGS is lower in oil content. Studies consistently show the inclusion of wheat DDGS in diets results in no DMI reduction. As seen in Table 6, feeding wheat DDGS to dairy cattle has been evaluated under many different parameters to determine suitability for use in dairy rations. Feeding wheat DDGS compared to control diets did not negatively affect animal performance, and often increased milk yield, milk fat yield, and dry matter intake. CONSIDERATIONS FOR OTHER RUMINANTS Limited research has been conducted globally on feeding wheat DDGS to other ruminants including bison, sheep and goats. The basic nutritional qualities, chemical properties, and feeding principles of wheat DDGS for the bovine industries should be taken into consideration when applying wheat DDGS to the rearing of other ruminants. The exact nutritional requirements of bison have not yet been researched, calculated, or tested on-farm (Hauer, 2005). The species differences between bison and cattle in respect to seasonality, rate of gain, and ability to digest forages may alter how bison react to different feedstuffs (Feist, 2005), including wheat DDGS. The Canadian sheep industry is poised for expansion. Currently, lamb has the highest red meat growth potential in Canada while the overall national herd and individual herd size is low (Canadian Sheep Federation, September 2010). Research on feeding wheat DDGS to sheep has been limited worldwide. Indications from research in Bulgaria show that wheat DDGS can be successfully fed to dairy ewes during lactation. No significant differences in milk yield or composition, wool yield, fertility of lambed ewes, overall flock fertility, or weaned lamb weights were seen between 101 ewes fed a standard roughage/sunflower meal compound feed diet and 101 ewes fed roughage/wheat DDGS/grain diet of equal CP and energy (Dimova et al., 2009). This is in agreement with bovine wheat DDGS research within Canada. Although goats are ranked tenth behind other livestock in production numbers in Canada (Statistics Canada, 2006), ongoing opportunities exist in the marketplace. Wheat DDGS and corn DDGS feed intake data has not been compiled for goats. Initial indications from a small-scale corn DDGS feeding trial in Alabama (Gurung et al., 2009) point toward success in feeding male goats for slaughter up to 31% corn DDGS (DM) in the ration. No differences in feed intake, growth performance (ADG, gain:feed) and carcass quality (dressing percentage, ribeye, body wall fat, longissisimus muscle) were seen between control diets and corn DDGS inclusion diets (Gurung et al., 2009). Inclusion of corn DDGS above 31% DM was not explored. Distillers grains, solubles, and DDGS are discussed as a viable feeding option for sheep and goats within the Sheep & Goat Management in Alberta - Nutrition Manual produced by the Lamb Producers and Alberta Goat Breeders Association (2009). If wheat DDGS is chosen as a feedstuff for sheep and goats, species-specific feeding principles should be taken into account: - Nutritional requirements of a 150-pound (68 kilogram) sheep range from 9% crude protein (CP), 55% total digestible nutrients (TDN) with intake of 1.58 kg/day during gestation to 15% CP and 69% TDN with intake of 3.18 kg/day in heavy lactation (North Dakota State University Extension, 1996). 17 RUMINANT DIETS
Page 1 and 2: 1st Edition, 2011 Feed Guide
Page 3 and 4: Introduction The Canadian biofuels
Page 5 and 6: Wheat DDGS - Processing Producing h
Page 7 and 8: SACCHARIFICATION AND FERMENTATION T
Page 9 and 10: Wheat DDGS - Nutrient Composition T
Page 11 and 12: Ethanol plants in Canada commonly u
Page 13 and 14: The calcium (Ca):phosphorus (P) rat
Page 15: FINISHING A beef finishing feedlot
Page 19 and 20: The impact that ruminant production
Page 21 and 22: TABLE 7. Composition of wheat DDGS
Page 23 and 24: The manufacturing process for wheat
Page 25 and 26: Wheat DDGS In Swine Diets Ethanol c
Page 27 and 28: AMINO ACID DIGESTIBILITy The standa
Page 29 and 30: Wheat DDGS In Aquaculture Diets Lim
Page 31 and 32: Dugan, M.E.R., N. Aldai, J.K.G. Kra
Page 33 and 34: Walter, L.J., T.A. McAllister, W.Z.
Page 35 and 36: DM basis 100% Wheat DDGS 70% Wheat

Wheat DDGS Feed Guide - Western Canadian Feed Innovation ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?