The Philippines Health System Review - WHO Western Pacific ...

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4. Physical and Human Resources................................................................... 584.1 Section Summary.......................................................................................... 584.2 Physical Resources....................................................................................... 584.3 Human Resources......................................................................................... 695. Provision of Services.................................................................................... 815.1 Section Summary.......................................................................................... 815.2 Public Health................................................................................................. 825.3 Referral System............................................................................................ 845.4 Primary Care Services.................................................................................. 855.5 Specialized Ambulatory Care/Inpatient Care............................................... 865.6 Emergency Care............................................................................................ 865.7 Pharmaceutical Care.................................................................................... 875.8 Long-Term Care............................................................................................ 885.9 Palliative Care............................................................................................... 905.10 Mental Health Care....................................................................................... 905.11 Dental Care.................................................................................................... 915.12 Alternative/Complementary Medicine.......................................................... 926. Principal Health Reforms............................................................................ 936.1 Section Summary.......................................................................................... 936.2 Historical Perspective................................................................................... 946.3 Analysis of recent reforms............................................................................ 966.4 Future Developments.................................................................................. 1067. Assessment of the Health System............................................................. 1077.1 Section Summary........................................................................................ 1077.2 The Stated Objectives of the Health System............................................... 1077.3 Equity........................................................................................................... 1087.4 Allocative and Technical Efficiency............................................................. 1107.5 Quality of Care............................................................................................. 1107.6 The Contribution of the Health System to Health Improvement................ 1118. Conclusions................................................................................................. 1129. Appendices.................................................................................................. 1159.1 References.................................................................................................. 1159.2 Useful websites........................................................................................... 1249.3 HiT methodology and production process.................................................. 1269.4 About the authors........................................................................................ 127iv
List of TablesTable 1-1 Population/demographic indicators,1970-2007 (selected years)....... 2Table 1-2 Economic indicators, 1970-2007 (selected years).............................. 5Table 1-3Average annual family income per region inPhilippine Peso (Php), 1988-2006....................................................... 5Table 1-4 Main causes of death, 1997-2005 (selected years)............................. 8Table 1-5 Main causes of morbidity, 1997-2005 (selected years)....................... 9Table 1-6 Risk Factors affecting health status................................................. 10Table 1-7 Maternal and child health indicators, 1970-2008............................. 11Table 2-1 Principal Legislation in the Health Sector........................................ 14Table 2-2Trend in the Number of Nursing Schools, Philippines,AY 1998-99 to 2007-08....................................................................... 25Table 3-1 Trends in health care expenditure, 1995-2005................................. 35Table 3-2Table 3-3Table 3-4Table 3-5Government health expenditure, by use of funds (% of THE),1995-2005.......................................................................................... 36Government health expenditure, by type of expenditure(% of THE), 2005................................................................................ 37Number of active PhilHealth beneficiaries(members & dependents), 2000-2008 (in thousands)...................... 40Estimated PhilHealth support values for ward hospitalizations,in percent, by type of hospital & case, 2005-2006............................ 41Table 3-6 PhilHealth Special Benefit Packages............................................... 42Table 3-7 PhilHealth utilization rates (percentage) by sector, 2002–2006....... 42Table 3-8Table 3-9Allotments, obligations & unobligated balances of DOH,2006-2008.......................................................................................... 46Premium collections & benefit payments,by type of membership, 2006-2007................................................... 49Table 3-10 Funds of selected DOH-retained hospitals (in million Php),by major source, fiscal year 2004..................................................... 50Table 3-11 Number of PhilHealth-accredited facilities & physicians, 2008....... 52Table 3-12 Average OOP payments of households with &without PhilHealth coverage, 2006................................................... 53Table 3-13 Health expenditures by FAPs, in million US$, 1998-2005................ 54Table 4-1 Hospitals by ownership and service capability, 2005-2007.............. 59Table 4-2Table 4-3Beds in government and private hospitals and otherhealth facilities, 2003-2007............................................................... 62Distribution of licensed government and private hospitalsand beds by region, 2005................................................................... 63v
Page 1: Health Systems in TransitionVol. 1
Page 5: ContentsPreface....................
Page 9 and 10: Figure 4-2 Number of beds in govern
Page 11 and 12: A standardized profile has certain
Page 13 and 14: Peer Reviewers on behalf of the Asi
Page 15 and 16: CPRDALEDBMDHSDILGDODOFDOHDOLEDOSTDT
Page 17 and 18: OOPOut-of-pocketOPBOutpatient Benef
Page 19 and 20: AbstractHealth status has improved
Page 21 and 22: the principle governing agency of t
Page 23 and 24: Hospital admissions data from PhilH
Page 25 and 26: 1. Introduction1.1 Geography and So
Page 27 and 28: Indicator 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005
Page 29 and 30: Table 1-2 Economic indicators, 1970
Page 31 and 32: Women tend to live longer than men
Page 33 and 34: Rate per 100 000 population (Rank)R
Page 35 and 36: Table 1-7 Maternal and child health
Page 37 and 38: 2. Organization and Governance2.1 S
Page 39 and 40: Rural Health Act, which transformed
Page 41 and 42: that supplement PhilHealth coverage
Page 43 and 44: plan, covering all government emplo
Page 45 and 46: The DOH has attempted to address th
Page 47 and 48: 2.7 Regulation2.7.1 Overview and hi
Page 49 and 50: through the institutionalization of
Page 51 and 52: Figure 2-3 Nursing Licensure Examin
Page 53 and 54: epresent another level of regulatio
Page 55 and 56: The law stresses the need for a hig
Page 57:
coverage of the population vary, th
Page 60 and 61:
Figure 3-1Health expenditure as a s
Page 62 and 63:
Figure 3-2Financial FlowsOut-of-poc
Page 64 and 65:
the results are promising. As of Ap
Page 66 and 67:
Table 3-6 PhilHealth Special Benefi
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Taxes or contributions pooled by a
Page 70 and 71:
Table 3-8 Allotments, obligations &
Page 72 and 73:
LGUs procure all commodities throug
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payment of salaries and other allow
Page 76 and 77:
Accreditation contracts are renewed
Page 78 and 79:
3.6 Voluntary Health InsuranceBased
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pricing in local hospitals, observe
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4. Physical and Human Resources4.1
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Figure 4-1 Number of government and
Page 86 and 87:
Table 4-2 Beds in government and pr
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Table 4-4 Patient care utilization
Page 90 and 91:
Figure 4-3DOH total appropriations
Page 92 and 93:
4.2.3 Medical Equipment, Devices an
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attempted to document the number of
Page 96 and 97:
Health Worker DistributionSince dat
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(Figure 4-6). As for the nurse-to-p
Page 100 and 101:
Figure 4-9 Ratio of pharmacists per
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of 2002. While CNS is essentially a
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To manage migration flows of health
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5.2 Public HealthImproving access t
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• The prevention of cardiovascula
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Private sector health professionals
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Access to essential drugs is constr
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5.9 Palliative CareIn 1991, the Phi
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5.12 Alternative/Complementary Medi
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drug stores. Later in 2009, the DOH
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Year Reform Brief description2005 F
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health care approach of putting hea
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asic health packages. To this end,
Page 126 and 127:
The Generics Act of 1988 aims to pr
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know the generics of oral/suspensio
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As a result of these strategies, th
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Improvements in the delivery of key
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7.4 Allocative and Technical Effici
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8. ConclusionsAs measured by standa
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Further elaboration of the Human re
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De Rosas-Valera M (2009). Health te
Page 142 and 143:
Gonzaga E, Navarra D (2004). The Re
Page 144 and 145:
National Statistics Office (2006).
Page 146 and 147:
Taguiwalo M (2004). Strategy for Lo
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9.2 Useful websitesAvailable in Eng
Page 150 and 151:
The World Bankhttp://www.worldbank.
Page 152 and 153:
Jennifer Frances E. dela Rosa is a
Page 155:
The Asia Pacific Observatory on Hea
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