The Philippines Health System Review - WHO Western Pacific ...

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(Figure 4-6). As for the nurse-to-population ratio in the Philippines,it was 0.31 per 1000 people in 1993, but since then, this number grewdramatically to 4.43 per 1000 in 2000 and stabilized until 2005 (Figure4-7). This large increase was mainly due to the high demand for nursesin other countries.Of all the selected countries, the Philippines had the highest dentistdensity, having 0.54 to 0.56 dentists for every 1000 Filipinos in the period1997 to 2004 (Figure 4-8). The pharmacist-to-population ratio grew in thelast 20 years for all selected countries except China (Figure 4-9). Averagemidwife-to-the population ratio is 1.70 per 1000 people, the highest of allthe selected countries. This is followed by Malaysia and Indonesia.The World Bank’s 1993 Development Report suggested that, as a rule ofthumb, the ratio of nurses to doctors should be 2:1 as a minimum, with4:1 or higher considered more satisfactory for cost-effective and qualitycare. In the Philippines, for government and private health workers inhospitals in 2006, the nurse-to-physician ratio was 3:1, while the midwifeto-physicianratio was 2:1.Figure 4-6 Ratio of doctors per 1000 population, 1990-20082.22Doctors per 10001.81.61.41.210.80.60.40.201990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008YearChina Malaysia PhilippinesRepublic of Korea Indonesia Thailand74
Figure 4-7 Ratio of nurses per 1000 population, 1990-200854.54Nurses per 10003.532.521.510.501990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008YearChina Malaysia PhilippinesRepublic of Korea Indonesia ThailandFigure 4-8 Ratio of dentists per 1000 population, 1990-20080.60.550.5Dentists per 10000.450.40.350.30.250.20.150.10.0501990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008YearChina Malaysia PhilippinesRepublic of Korea Indonesia Thailand75
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Health Systems in TransitionVol. 1
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ContentsPreface....................
Page 7 and 8:
List of TablesTable 1-1 Population/
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Figure 4-2 Number of beds in govern
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A standardized profile has certain
Page 13 and 14:
Peer Reviewers on behalf of the Asi
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CPRDALEDBMDHSDILGDODOFDOHDOLEDOSTDT
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OOPOut-of-pocketOPBOutpatient Benef
Page 19 and 20:
AbstractHealth status has improved
Page 21 and 22:
the principle governing agency of t
Page 23 and 24:
Hospital admissions data from PhilH
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1. Introduction1.1 Geography and So
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Indicator 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005
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Table 1-2 Economic indicators, 1970
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Women tend to live longer than men
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Rate per 100 000 population (Rank)R
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Table 1-7 Maternal and child health
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2. Organization and Governance2.1 S
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Rural Health Act, which transformed
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that supplement PhilHealth coverage
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plan, covering all government emplo
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The DOH has attempted to address th
Page 47 and 48: 2.7 Regulation2.7.1 Overview and hi
Page 49 and 50: through the institutionalization of
Page 51 and 52: Figure 2-3 Nursing Licensure Examin
Page 53 and 54: epresent another level of regulatio
Page 55 and 56: The law stresses the need for a hig
Page 57: coverage of the population vary, th
Page 60 and 61: Figure 3-1Health expenditure as a s
Page 62 and 63: Figure 3-2Financial FlowsOut-of-poc
Page 64 and 65: the results are promising. As of Ap
Page 66 and 67: Table 3-6 PhilHealth Special Benefi
Page 68 and 69: Taxes or contributions pooled by a
Page 70 and 71: Table 3-8 Allotments, obligations &
Page 72 and 73: LGUs procure all commodities throug
Page 74 and 75: payment of salaries and other allow
Page 76 and 77: Accreditation contracts are renewed
Page 78 and 79: 3.6 Voluntary Health InsuranceBased
Page 80 and 81: pricing in local hospitals, observe
Page 82 and 83: 4. Physical and Human Resources4.1
Page 84 and 85: Figure 4-1 Number of government and
Page 86 and 87: Table 4-2 Beds in government and pr
Page 88 and 89: Table 4-4 Patient care utilization
Page 90 and 91: Figure 4-3DOH total appropriations
Page 92 and 93: 4.2.3 Medical Equipment, Devices an
Page 94 and 95: attempted to document the number of
Page 96 and 97: Health Worker DistributionSince dat
Page 100 and 101: Figure 4-9 Ratio of pharmacists per
Page 102 and 103: of 2002. While CNS is essentially a
Page 104 and 105: To manage migration flows of health
Page 106 and 107: 5.2 Public HealthImproving access t
Page 108 and 109: • The prevention of cardiovascula
Page 110 and 111: Private sector health professionals
Page 112 and 113: Access to essential drugs is constr
Page 114 and 115: 5.9 Palliative CareIn 1991, the Phi
Page 116 and 117: 5.12 Alternative/Complementary Medi
Page 118 and 119: drug stores. Later in 2009, the DOH
Page 120 and 121: Year Reform Brief description2005 F
Page 122 and 123: health care approach of putting hea
Page 124 and 125: asic health packages. To this end,
Page 126 and 127: The Generics Act of 1988 aims to pr
Page 128 and 129: know the generics of oral/suspensio
Page 130 and 131: As a result of these strategies, th
Page 132 and 133: Improvements in the delivery of key
Page 134 and 135: 7.4 Allocative and Technical Effici
Page 136 and 137: 8. ConclusionsAs measured by standa
Page 138 and 139: Further elaboration of the Human re
Page 140 and 141: De Rosas-Valera M (2009). Health te
Page 142 and 143: Gonzaga E, Navarra D (2004). The Re
Page 144 and 145: National Statistics Office (2006).
Page 146 and 147: Taguiwalo M (2004). Strategy for Lo
Page 148 and 149:
9.2 Useful websitesAvailable in Eng
Page 150 and 151:
The World Bankhttp://www.worldbank.
Page 152 and 153:
Jennifer Frances E. dela Rosa is a
Page 155:
The Asia Pacific Observatory on Hea
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