Learning - Department of Psychological Sciences
Learning - Department of Psychological Sciences
Learning - Department of Psychological Sciences
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Applications <strong>of</strong> OperantConditioningReinforcement principles can enhance athleticperformance.Applications <strong>of</strong> OperantConditioningReinforcers affect productivity. Many companiesnow allow employees to share pr<strong>of</strong>its andparticipate in company ownership.In Sports55At work56Applications <strong>of</strong> OperantConditioningOperant vs. Classical ConditioningIn children, reinforcing good behavior increases theoccurrence <strong>of</strong> these behaviors. Ignoring unwantedbehavior decreases their occurrence (time-out).Still, ignoring has other negative consequences that makeit aversive; not just removing positive attention5758<strong>Learning</strong> by Observation:Social <strong>Learning</strong>Mirror NeuronsHigher animals,especially humans,learn through observingand imitating others.© Herb TerraceNeuroscientists discovered mirror neurons inthe brains <strong>of</strong> animals and humans that are activeduring observational learning.The monkey on theright imitates themonkey on the left intouching the pictures ina certain order to obtaina reward.©Herb TerraceReprinted with permission from the AmericanAssociation for the Advancement <strong>of</strong> Science,Subiaul et al., Science 305: 407-410 (2004)© 2004 AAAS.596010
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