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Abstracts of oral presentations 19 Massive carbon dioxide venting along the Wagner Fault, Gulf of California, Mexico, and the associated fauna P. R. Dando 1 , C. Canet 2 , R. M. Prol-Ledesma 2 1 Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Citadel Hill. Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK 2 Departemento de Recursos Naturales, Instituto de Geofisica, UNAM, Mexico The northern Gulf of California is an extensional basin that has been nearly filled with sediments from the Colorado River system and volcanic and marine deposits. The northernmost basins today are the 200 m deep Wagner and Consag Basins that overly 5 Km of sedimentary deposits. Extensional stresses have caused heavy faulting of these sediments, especially along the Wagner Fault that runs along the NE boundary of these basins. Large-scale CO2 release occurs along this faults gave rise to gas-saturated sediment, gas chimneys, pockmarks and sorted sediments, hard grounds due to cemented sediments, mud-volcanism and massive gas plumes that reach the sea surface and acidify the entire water-column. These features were mapped using a TOPAS subbottom profiler and echosounders. Preliminary sampling indicated that the fauna of the venting area has a higher diversity than that of the surrounding sediments where polychaete-dominated the fauna, comprising 97 % of all specimens. One of an estimated 15000 gas plumes in the northern Gulf of California. High-pressure continuous-incubation studies of sediments containing highly active communities of anaerobic methanotrophs C. Deusner 1 , T. G. Ferdelman 1 , F. Widdel 1 1 Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany The anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled to sulfate reduction in marine sediments is an important sink in the global methane budget. However, the biochemistry of methane oxidation and assimilation by anaerobic methanotrophs (ANMEs) is not yet fully understood and knowledge about the regulating factors is very limited. For the study of mechanism and regulation of AOM as well as to enrich the catalyzing organisms from environmental samples we have established a unique multiple-phase continuous-incubation system that is designed to simulate conditions of high concentrations of aqueous gases (e.g. gas seeps, hydrate systems). The system is designed to be operated in a wide range of pressure (up to 45 MPa) and temperature (up to 230°C). In long-term continuous-incubation studies at 15 MPa with approximately 60 mM of aqueous methane using dilute biomass prepared from microbial mats from the Black Sea and a hydraulic retention time of 35 h, AOM
20 Abstracts of oral presentations rates reached 6 mMol⋅gDW -1 ⋅d -1 . It was shown that the process was insensitive towards changing substrate concentrations and the accumulation of dissolved sulfide of up to 18 mM. Furthermore, the biomass could survive prolonged periods of starvation. After eight weeks of incubation without supplying substrate, analysis of total biomass indicated than no significant degradation of biomass took place. Cell integrity was confirmed by FISH (Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization) analysis. AOM activity was re-established after supplying methane without measurable lag phase. Unexpectedly, in experiments where we varied biomass density, AOM rates at high methane partial pressure were not dependent on biomass concentration. FISH analysis with specific probes revealed the enrichment of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) as compared to ANME. This is in contrast to batch incubation at near atmospheric pressure where usually ANMEs are enriched compared to sulfate reducing bacteria. This observation combined with the apparent process stability towards changing incubation conditions and the high methane turnover rates suggest that both ANME and SRB are active in the catalysis of methane oxidation and that the biochemical system and the physiological coupling of the organisms must allow a high degree of both flexibility and efficiency towards changing availabilities of C1 compounds. Possible BSR reflections on high resolution multichannel seismic reflection profiles from western Black Sea continental slope D. Dondurur 1 , S. Coşkun 1 , S. Gürçay 1 , S. Okay 1 , P. Özer 1 , G. Çifçi 1 , M. Ergün 1 1 Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Inciraltı, Izmir, Turkey Black Sea is an interesting semi-isolated basin with occurrences of several gas-related processes. Abundant organic matter supply and rapid sediment deposition cause high amounts of shallow gas accumulations as well as gas hydrate formations in deeper basin, and pockmarks, gas seeps and mud volcanoes are common all around the basin. Approximately 360 km of high resolution multi-channel seismic reflection data were collected together with high resolution 3.5 kHz Chirp profiles from the western Black sea continental slope using a 96 channel seismic recorder and 45+45 inch 3 GI gun in order to map possible shallow gas accumulations as well as gas hydrate formations appears as Bottom Simulating Reflections (BSR) on the seismic lines. On the processed lines, some very high amplitude reflections which mimic the seabed were observed (Fig. 1). They lie approximately 200 ms below the sea floor and appear just below the channel banks, and therefore they are interpreted as BSR reflections associated with the channel-levee systems. We also computed complex trace attributes of these anomaly reflections and obtained reflection strength (envelope), apparent polarity and instantaneous frequency sections. BSR reflections which were observed have very large amplitude with negative polarity with respect to the seabed reflection as usual case. Fig. 1: Multichannel seismic reflection data from western Black Sea slope showing a BSR reflection.
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