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82 Abstracts of posters Fig. 1: Typical Characteristic crystals of Gypsum: Gypsum (Selenite) with Lenticular shape (a), Gypsum (Selenite) Variety (b), Gypsum Rosette with euhedral crystals (C), Intergrowths of Gypsum crystal (d), Cluster of Bladed Gypsum crystals (e), Complex aggregates Gypsum crystals (f). Fig. 2: Typical Characteristic crystals of Gypsum: Gypsum (Selenite) with Lenticular shape, with authigenic carbonate cements (a&b), cubical pyrite crystals in anaerobic sediments (c), co-occurrence of authigenic gypsum, pyrite with carbonate cementations (c). New data of fluids migrations on Shatskiy ridge in the Black Sea R. Kruglyakova 1 , V. Artemenko 1 , N. Shevtsova 1 1 Federal Scientific Centre "Yuzhmorgeologiya", Ministry of Natural Resources, Russia In the East of Shatskiy ridge the wide complex of works including seismo-acoustic method (NSAP-OGT), gravity and magnetic prospecting, geothermy, geochemical studying of bottom sediments is executed. Gases. The seismicity of high resolution has given the opportunity of observing breaks, which are the channels of transit of hydrocarbon fluids from perspective complexes of a section and areas of burrowed highs to a surface of bottom and to plan points of sampling. At geological sampling by gravity corer (up to depth of 340 cm) novochernomorskie, drevnechernomorskie and novoevkinskie sediments are revealed. 100 stations with the analysis of hydrocarbonic gases (HCG) in two intervals are tested. Methane is prevailing among HCG in structure of a gas phase of deposits with the content on 3÷5 orders higher, than its homologues. The content of methane changes from 0,005 up to 71,7 cm 3 /kg, average value – 4.8 cm 3 /kg. The area as a whole is characterized
Abstracts of posters 83 by high content of methane. Deposits of the Black Sea abyssal are characterized by low content of all homologues of methane. The total content of light homologues of methane averages 0,276x10 -3 cm 3 /kg (a maximum-1,37x10 -3 cm 3 /kg), heavy homologues - 0,045x10 -3 cm 3 /kg (a maximum - 0,44x10 -3 cm 3 /kg). Among light homologues ethane prevails. Attributes of oil and gas presence are expressed in geochemical anomalies of methane of the "mixed" type where with methane of biogenic origin, migrated to a surface of bottom, thermogenic methane is present, and also by anomalies of easy and heavy methane homologues. Large breaks are emphasized by a lot of attributes of fluids migration. Except for geochemical anomalies, anomalies of the increased thermal stream, and also seismic anomalies of "bright spot" type are marked. The most numerous and contrast seismic anomalies of "bright spot" type are marked in the West of Shatskiy ridge. Less contrast, but more extensive seismic dynamic anomalies are in the East-Black Sea basin. We assume a deep gas seep at station 49, dated for a deep break, and on station 84 (CH4=71,2 cm 3 /kg, reef high). Pore waters. For the first time on Shatskiy ridge pore waters research (182 samples) is carried out, deposits with mineralized (20÷22 g/l) and strongly freshened (12÷15 g/l) pore water are distinguished. Areas with anomalous high content of methane homologues are characterized by strong freshening of pore waters of sediments. It is possible to assume, as the freshened waters together with deep hydrocarbonic fluids rise from depths of sedimentary thickness. Hence, the chemical content of pore waters is an indirect attribute of migration of fluids from possible deposits of hydrocarbons. Thermal stream. Among structures of the Black Sea Shatskiy ridge have a high thermal stream (q), background value q exceeds on 30 %÷ 40 % the values known for Western and East deep-water basins. On Shatskiy ridge northwest and southeast areas are detected, the average thermal stream of which is more than 52 mV/m 2 . Local areas are marked by anomalies exceeding 65÷70 mV/m 2 . Two types of anomalies of thermal stream are notable. The first type represents the usual localized increase of thermal stream. Anomalies which in a contour of the increased thermal stream have an area of their lowered values (q=34÷43 mV/m 2 ) concern to the second type. The most contrast low geothermal parameters are in the East-Black Sea basin. Gas saturated sedimentary thicknesses and direct gas-bearing traps, being thermal barriers on a way of distribution of a deep thermal stream, cause presence of negative anomalies of geothermal parameters. Isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon in the subsurface sediments of the gas hydrate-bearing mud volcanoes, Lake Baikal. A. A. Krylov 1,2 , O. M. Khlystov 3 , A. Hachikubo 1 , H. Minami 1 , Y. Nunokawa 1 , H. Tomaru 1 , K. Hyakutake 1 , T. I. Zemskaya 3 , T. V. Pogodaeva 3 , H. Shoji 1 1 Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami 090-8507, Japan 2 Present address: VNIIOkeangeologia, 1 Angliyskiy pr., St. Petersburg 190121, Russia 3 Limnological Institute SB RAS, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya st., Irkutsk 664033, Russia Lake Baikal, eastern Siberia, is the largest freshwater basin in the world with a maximal depth of 1642 m (De Batist et al., 2002) and the only freshwater lake known to contain gas hydrates. First near-bottom methanehydrates were sampled at the Malenky mud volcanoes in March 2000 (Van Rensbergen et al., 2002; Klerkx et al., 2003; Matveeva et al., 2003). Investigations of Kida et al. (2006) indicate that the main portion of methane was produced due to methyl-type fermentation. The authigenic siderites were found in subsurface gas hydratebearing sediments of the Malenky, K-2 and Irkutsk mud volcanoes. The δ 13 C values of the siderites (+3.3 to +21.9‰ PDB) indicate that their formation is due to methanogenesis (Krylov et al., 2008). The isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was measured in the several mud volcanoes (Malenky, Peschanka, Irkutsk, Goloustnoe). The δ 13 C values of the DIC are varied from the -10‰ PDB in the uppermost part of sedimentary section up to +20‰ PDB at the layers deeper than 1 m below lake floor. The oxidation of the rising CH4 in the uppermost sediments is associated with a kinetic isotope effect for carbon which tends to concentrate the lighter 12 C isotope in the produced CO2. As a result, the 13 C theoretically should be concentrated in the residual CH4. However, it is not the case for investigated sites where the DIC and CH4 have the general tendency to be depleted in 13 C in the uppermost sedimentary layers. The reason for observed phenomena is not clear. Since the sulfate-reduction zone in the Lake Baikal freshwater environment is insignificant, we speculate that the anaerobic methane-oxidation in the near-bottom sediments is, probably, overwhelmed by the processes of the methane generation. The strong enrichment of DIC in 13 C at the layers deeper than 1 m below lake floor indicates active methanogenesis. The methane generation is the exact reason for the enrichments of both siderites and DIC in 13 C.
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Program overview Monday September 1
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