at 1.881 ghz, rectangular microstrip patch antenna using split ... - ijater

International Journal of Advanced Technology & Engineering Research (IJATER)AT 1.881 GHZ, RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP PATCHANTENNA USING SPLIT RECTANGULAR SHAPE OFMETA MATERIAL STRUCTURE FOR BANDWIDHIMPROVEMENTSapana Yadav, Department of Electronics Madhav Institute of Technology and Science Gwalior(MP); Dr. Rekha Gupta, Department ofElectronics Madhav Institute of Technology and Science Gwalior(MP); Neelima Choudhary, Department of Electronics Madhav Instituteof Technology and Science Gwalior(MP); Bhim Singh, Department of Electronics Madhav Institute of Technology and ScienceGwalior(MP)AbstractIn this paper, the proposed microstrip patch antenna isused for improving a bandwidth at 1.881 GHz. The bandwidthof the RMPA alone is 4.9 MHz and the return loss is-10.068 dB. The bandwidth of the proposed microstrip patchantenna is increased up to 22.5 MHz and the return loss isreduced up to -18.175 dB at 1.881 GHz.The desired microstrippatch antenna is designed at a height 3.2 mm from theground plane By using the CST (COMPUTER SIMULA-TION TECHNOLOGY SOFTWARE) MICROWAVESTUDIO. The metamaterial inspired patch antenna is designedat operating frequency. The proposed antenna hassmall size, easy to fabricate and unaffected directivity.Keywords- Rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA),Metamaterial (MTM) Impedance Bandwidth, Return loss.I. IntroductionMicrostrip antennas are largely used in many wirelesscommunication systems because of their low profile andlight weight [1].In modern wireless communication systems, the microstrippatch antennas are commonly used in the wireless devices.Therefore, the miniaturization of the antenna has becomean important issue in reducing the volume of entirecommunication system [2].V.G. Veselago in 1968 provided a theoretical report on theconcept of metamaterial (MTM) [3]. A Left- Handedmetamaterial or double-Negative Metamaterial exhibitsnegative permittivity and permeability [4]. The currentlypopular antenna designs suitable for the applications ofwireless local area network (WLAN) and world- wideinteroperability for microwave access (Wi-MAX) have beenreported [5].The “patch” is a low-profile, low –gain, narrow – bandwidthantenna. Aerodynamic considerations require low-profileantenna on aircraft and many kinds of vehicles. Typically apatch consists of thin conducting sheet about 1 by 1/2λ0mounted on Substrate. Radiation from the patch is likeradiation from two slots, at the left and right edges of thepatch.The “slot” is the narrow gap between the patch and theground plane. The patch –to-ground-plane spacing is equalto the thickness t of the substrate and is typically aboutλ0/100. Advantage of patch antenna than several antenna islightweight and inexpensive. The electric field is zero at thecenter of patch, maximum at one side, minimum on theopposite side. The important parameters of any type antennaare impedance bandwidth and return loss. The impedancebandwidth depends on parameters related to the patchantenna element itself and feed used. The bandwidth istypically limited to a few percent. This is a disadvantage ofbasic patch antenna. Metamaterial based rectangularmicrostrip patch antenna improves the bandwidth and returnloss in significant way. CST MICROWAVE STUDIO is asoftware package for the electromagnetic analysis anddesign, use to design the metamaterial based rectangularmicrostrip patch antenna. The software contains fourdifferent simulation techniques like transient solver,frequency domain solver, integral equation solver, Eigenmode solver and most flexible is transient solver[6].II. Design specificationsThe RMPA parameters are calculated from the followingformulas. Desired Parametric Analysis [7][8]. Calculation of Width (W):(1)ISSN No: 2250-3536 Volume 2, Issue 5, Sept 2012 72

International Journal of Advanced Technology & Engineering Research (IJATER)WhereC = free space velocity of light,Ɛr =Dielectric constant of substrate The effective dielectric constant ofthe rectangular microstrip patchantenna:(2) Actual length of the patch (L):Table1.Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna SpecificationsParameters Dimension UnitDielectric constant4.3 -Loss tangent .02 -(tan )Thickness (h) 1.6 MmOperating 1.881 GHzFrequencyLength L 35.85 MmWidth W 46.07 MmCut width 5 MmCut depth 10 MmPath length 33.58 Mm(3) Calculation of length extension:(4)III. Analysis of RectangularMicrostrip Patch Antenna andMetamaterial Structure withSimulated ResultsThe Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna is designedon FR-4 (Lossy) substrate at 50Ω matching impedance,dielectric constant εr = 4.3 and height from the ground planed=1.6mm.The parameter of rectangular microstrip patchantenna are L= 35.8462 mm, W= 46.0721 mm, CutWidth= 5mm, Cut Depth= 10mm, length of transmissionline feed= 33.58mm, with width of the feed= 3.05mmshown in figure1.The simple RMPA is inspired by metamaterial structure at1.881 GHz.Figure1. Rectangular microstrip patch antenna at 1.881 GHz.CST-software is used to design the Rectangular microstrippatch antenna (RMPA) at oprating frequency 1.881 GHz.However, their employment raises some problems, such as,difficulty impedance matching or increasing of surfacewaves in the Substrate that could decline the radiationefficiency and the radiation pattern. Bandwidth of theantenna may be considerably becomes worse [9].Simulated result of Return loss and bandwidth ofRectangular Microstrip Patch antenna(RMPA) is shown infig 2.ISSN No: 2250-3536 Volume 2, Issue 5, Sept 2012 73

International Journal of Advanced Technology & Engineering Research (IJATER)Figure 2. Simulation of return loss and bandwidth of RMPA.Figure 4. E- field in RMPA alone at 1.881 GHz.The bandwidth of simple RMPA is 4.9 MHz and Return lossis -10.068 dB.The Rectangular microstrip patch antenna has 3D Radiationpattern at 1.881 GHz as shown in figure3. The radiationpattern shows the directivity of simple RMPA is 6.875 dBi.Figure 3. Radiation pattern of RMPA at 1.794 GHz.Figure 5. H- field in RMPA alone in 1.881 GHzISSN No: 2250-3536 Volume 2, Issue 5, Sept 2012 74

International Journal of Advanced Technology & Engineering Research (IJATER)Figure 6. S-parameter in RMPA alone in 1.881 GHz.Figure 9. Design of proposed metamaterial structure at theheight of 3.2 mm from ground plane.In this metamaterial design, split rectangular shape areloaded on the patch antenna. There are two parallel striplines which are equally distributed from the center andanother strip line is centred between two parallel line, and asplit rectangular structure on the FR-4 lossy at a height 3.2mm from the ground plane .This design gives the better improvementin impedance bandwidth and reduction in returnloss.Figure 7. Smith chart in RMPA alone in 1.881 GHz.Figure 8. Delivered power to RMPA. The maximum powerdeliver to patch antenna is above 0.95 watt.Figure 10. Rectangular microstrip patch antenna with proposedmetamaterial structure.ISSN No: 2250-3536 Volume 2, Issue 5, Sept 2012 75

Simulation result of Return loss and bandwidth ofRectangular microstrip patch antenna loaded withmetamaterial structure is shown in Fig 11.The proposed metamaterial structure reduces the return lossby -8.107dB and increases the bandwidth up to 17.96 MHz.International Journal of Advanced Technology & Engineering Research (IJATER)Figure13. H Field of the reduced size RMPA loaded withMetamaterialFigure 11. Simulation of Return loss and impedance bandwidthof RMPA with proposed metematerial structure at operatingfrequency 1.881 GHz.The Simulated result of RMPA using split rectangular shapeis reduced return loss of -18.175 dB and Bandwidth of 22.5MHz.It is clear that the Directivity of proposed antenna is almostunaffected in comparison to simple RMPA alone.Figure14. H Field of the reduced size RMPA loaded withMetamaterial.Figure 12. Radiation pattern of proposed antenna showingDirectivity of 6.784 dBi.ISSN No: 2250-3536 Volume 2, Issue 5, Sept 2012 76

International Journal of Advanced Technology & Engineering Research (IJATER)IV. Simulation ResultsIn this paper, Rectangular microstrip patch antenna usingsplit rectangular shape of metamaterial for bandwidthimprovement at 1.881 GHz is simulated using CST-MWSsoftware. The proposed design in comparison to RMPAalone, found that the potential parameters of the proposedantenna is increased. This is clear from Fig.2 & Fig.11 thatthe return loss is reduced from -10.068 dB to -18.175 dB,and bandwidth is increased from 4.9 MHz to 22.5 MHz.From the Fig.12, it is clear that the Directivity of proposedantenna design is almost unaffected. The maximum powerdeliver to proposed rectangular microstrip patch antennais above 0.95 watt.V. ConclusionFigure 15. Smith chart of simple Rectangular microstrip patchantenna.The bandwidth of the proposed microstrip patchantenna is increased by using meta material and thereturn loss is reduced at operating frequency anddirectivity is unaffected. Due to this, Rectangularmicrostrip patch antenna using SPLIT RECTANGU-LAR SHAPE of metamaterial for bandwidth improvement.By using Metamaterial, the maximumpower delivered to proposed antenna is 1 watt as comparedto the RMPA delivered power above the 0.95watt.VI. AcknowledgementFigure 16. Smith chart of simple Rectangular microstrip patchantenna.The smith chart is very useful when solving transmissionproblems. The real utility of the Smith chart, it can be usedto convert from reflection coefficients to normalizedimpedances (or admittances), and vice versa.Smith chart of RMPA using split rectangular shape forbandwidth improvement at 1.881 GHz. Above Fig. showsthe impedance variation in the simulated frequency rangeand received impedance matching for proposed antenna atcharacteristic impedance.The authors wish to thank their parents for their constantmotivation without which this work would have never beencompleted. The authors are grateful to the Dr. Sanjeev JainDirector MITS Gwalior for providing us lab facilities tocomplete this project work. We also express our gratitudetowards Dr. P K Singhal HOD Dept. of Elex MITS and Dr.Sarita S Bhadoria Professor Dept. of Elex, MITS for theircontinued support and guidance. Finally we thank ourfriends Mr. Harshal Mishra and Mr. Mohan Choudhary fortheir moral support and help during this project.VII. References[1] Douglas, H. W., R. L. Haupt, and P. L. Werner,Fractal antenna engineering: The theory and design offractal antenna arrays," IEEE Antennas andPropagation Magazine, Vol. 41, No. 5, 37-59, 1999.[2] H.A. Jang, D.O. Kim , and C. Y. Kim “ SizeReduction of Patch Antenna Array Using CSRRsLoaded Ground Plane”Progress In ElectromagneticsISSN No: 2250-3536 Volume 2, Issue 5, Sept 2012 77

International Journal of Advanced Technology & Engineering Research (IJATER)Research Symposium Proceedings, KL MALAYSIA,March 27-30, 2012 1487.[3] Veselago, V. G., The electrodynamics of substances,with simultaneously negative values of ɛ and µ"Soviet Physics Uspekhi , Vol. 10, No. 4 , 509-514,1968.[4] R.W. Ziolkowski, “Design fabricating and fabricationand testing of double negative metamaterials ,” IEEETransactions on antennas and Propagation, vol.51,no.7, pp.1516-1529, July 2005.[5] Kuo, Y. L. and K. L. Wong, Printed double- Tmonopole antenna for 2.4/5.2 GHz dual-band WLANoperations," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 51,No. 9, 2187-2192.[6] Dr. Rekha Gupta, Bhim Singh, Neelima ChoudharySapana Yadav “Rectangular microstrip patch antennaloaded with Symmetrically cut H and Hexagonalshaped Metamaterial structure for bandwidth improvementat 1.794 GHz”, International Journal ofAdvanced Technology & Engineering Re-search(IJATER), ISSN No: 2250-3536 , Volume 2, Issue 5,Sept 2012.[7] Constantine A. Balanis, Antenna Theory and Design,John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997.NEELIMA CHOUDHARY received the B.E degree inInformation and Technology from R.G.P.V Bhopal M.P. in2009. Currently she is pursuing M.Tech in CommunicationControl and Networking from MITS Gwalior, Bhopal,(M.P). Her research interest includes Antenna andMicrowave communication and their applications.Neelima choudhary can be reached atnisha_mits29@rediff.comBHIM SINGH received the B.Tech degree in Electronicsand Communication from Bundelkhand University JhansiUtter Pradesh in 2009. At present he is pursuing M.Tech inCommunication, Control and Networking from MITSGwalior, Bhopal, (M.P). His research interest includesAntenna and Micro wave communication and theirapplications. Bhim Singh may be reached atsinghbhim16@gmail.com[8] .L. Stutzman, G.A. Thiele, Antenna Theory anddesign , John Wiley & Sons 2nd Ed., New York,1998.[9] J. S. Colburn and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Patch antennason externally perforated high dielectric constantSubstrates IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.,, vol. 47,no. 12, pp 1785–1794, 1999.BiographiesDR. REKHA GUPTA is currently associated with MITS,Gwalior as a Senior Faculty of Electronics andCommunication Department. She has done Ph.D in wirelesscommunication from R.G.P.V. Her research interestsinclude Antenna and Microwave communication, wirelesscommunication and their applications. Dr.Rekha Guptamay be reached at rekha652003@yahoo.comSAPANA YADAV received the B.E degree in Electronicsand communication from RGPV, Bhopal M.P in 2009.Currently she is pursuing M.Tech in Communication,Control and Networking from MITS Gwalior, Bhopal,(M.P).Her research interest includes Antenna and Microwavecommunication and their applications. Sapana Yadav maybe reached at sapanayadav12@gmail.comISSN No: 2250-3536 Volume 2, Issue 5, Sept 2012 78