2014_01

y David K. SchlappyIntroductionThe Department of Defense (DOD) and the U.S. Army havemade significant progress within the cyber domain, but onlyafter grappling with critical issues for many years. There arestill many serious force modernization actions that still needto occur. A large portion of that effort has just begun or issoon to begin. This is an exciting effort from the DOD toJoint to Army service levels as the entire community shapesour future by building mature cyber capabilities.This article provides an update on the actions ongoingwithin the cyber domain using the doctrine, organization,training, materiel, leadership and education, personnel, andfacilities (DOTMLPF) construct, and addresses some of themost recent developments regarding the cyber aspects ofdoctrine, organization, and personnel.Doctrine. What’s available and what’s yet to be published.Joint Publication (JP) 3-12, Joint Cyberspace Operations,published 2 February 2013, is available on the SIPRNETJoint Electronic Library. JP 3-12 provides the fundamentalconstructs and guidance to assist joint force commanders,their staffs, and supporting and subordinate commandersin the planning, execution, and assessment of cyberspaceoperations.It defines cyberspace operations as the employment ofcyberspace capabilities where the primary purpose is toachieve objectives in or through cyberspace. It discussesand explains the Joint Staff, combatant command, U.S.Strategic Command, U.S. Cyber Command, functional andService component relationships and responsibilities, andmilitary operations in and through cyberspace, and it establishesa framework for the employment of cyberspaceforces and capabilities.Combined arms doctrine is coming to grips with the cyberdomain and cyber activities with the introduction of cyberelectromagnetic activities (CEMA). This process occurredmuch like the development for Information Operations. TheArmy codified the concept of CEMA in ADRP 3-0, UnifiedLand Operations, and ADRP 6-0, Mission Command. Themission command warfighting function now includes fourprimary staff tasks:ÊÊConduct the operations process (plan, prepare, execute,assess).ÊÊConduct knowledge management and informationmanagement.ÊÊConduct inform and influence activities (IIA).ÊÊConduct CEMA.The Electronic Warfare Proponent Office at FortLeavenworth, Kansas, submitted Field Manual (FM) 3-38,Cyber Electromagnetic Activities (CEMA) to the CombinedArms Center Commanding General for signature, and wassigned on 25 October 2013. FM 3-38 is the first doctrinefield manual of its kind, the concept of integrated and synchronizedCEMA is new.FM 3-38 provides an overview of principles, tactics, andprocedures on how the Army will integrate CEMA as a partof unified land operations. At its heart, CEMA are designedto posture the Army to address the increasing importanceof cyberspace and the electromagnetic spectrum and theirrole in unified land operations. CEMA are implemented viathe integration and synchronization of cyberspace operations,electronic warfare (EW), and electromagnetic spectrummanagement operations (EMSMO).The Army continues to support the Secretary of Defenseand joint requirements for information operations, EW, andcyberspace operations through the execution of IIA, CEMA,and the integration of 20 other information-related activities.These separate activities are tied through MissionCommand, but have 21 distinctly different processes forcarrying out their operating requirements. FM 3-38 will jointhe rest of the FMs that are a part of the Doctrine 2015initiative.FM 3-12, Army Cyberspace Operations, currently has anapproved program directive and is under development. The38 Military Intelligence