Innovation-in-Europes-Cities_Bloomberg-Mayors-Challenge1

DevolutionPressure to shift fiscal and political power from state to lower tiers of government, in order to strengthenlocal democracy, is increasing. Cities in turn are under pressure to provide citizens with increasedopportunities for participation in local governance. These trends can result in conflicting policies that reflectdivergent local, regional and state aspirations. Directly elected mayors, especially in large cities, may havea significant political mandate, providing greater legitimacy to their decisions.DenmarkSwedenFinlandPolandNetherlandsItalyUnited KingdomRomaniaLatviaCzech RepublicNorwayEstoniaLithuaniaBulgariaFranceHungarySloveniaSlovakiaGermanySpainAustriaBelgiumIrelandLuxembourgGreeceCyprusMaltaFive in ten participatingFive mayorsFive in in ten areten participating directly electedparticipatingmayors are directly electedSix in ten participating local governments are politicallyalignedSix in ten participating localwith their nationalgovernments are politicallygovernmentaligned with their nationalgovernmentPopulation ofparticipating cities(only for cities with all comparabledata available)Total population growth(over ten year period)-1.6%-1.0%-0.5%0.0%0.5%1.0%1.5%2.0%2.5%3.0%Migrants8.3M5M4M3M2M2014 European Mayors Challenge0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%Revenue raising powers of local government:local revenue as a percentage of overall tax revenue1MVeniceBrighton & HoveSunderlandLjubljanaNantesNewcastleMannheimKaunasNottinghamMalmöValladolidUtrechtLeicesterAlicanteVarnaCardiffBilbaoBydgoszczFlorenceBrnoBolognaBratislavaTallinnKirkleesBristolMurciaGdańskLiverpoolLyonEdinburghThe HagueAntwerpManchesterLeipzigLisbonPoznańSheffieldCopenhagenMálagaDortmundHelsinkiGenoaWrocławAthensZaragozaŁódźKrakówTiranaValènciaAmsterdamStockholmCologneBirminghamDublinMilanBarcelonaWarsawHamburgParisRomeMadridBerlinLondon019