Type 2 Diabetes Adult Outpatient Insulin Guidelines - CMA Foundation

General Nutritional Recommendations for Diabetes 36
• Regular and individualized meal planning advice.
• Total carbohydrate (in grams) monitoring to help control glycemia.
• Balance calories from foods and beverages with calories used.
• Consume varieties of nutrient and vitamin rich foods and beverages.
• Limit saturated fat intake to < 7% of total calories.
• Limit intake of trans fats.
• Limit cholesterol intake to < 200 mg/day.
• Limit sodium intake to < 1,500 mg/day (in patients with hypertension) with a diet high in fruits,
vegetables, and low-fat dairy products to lower blood pressure.
• Daily alcohol intake should be limited to < 1 drink/day for women and < 2 drinks/day for men)
Table 26: Modifiable Nutrients and Fats
TABLe 26 Modifiable Nutrients and Fats
Saturated fat < 7% of total calories
Polyunsaturated
fat
Up to 10% of total calories
Monounsaturated
fat
Up to 20% of total calories
Total fat 25-35% of total calories
Cholesterol < 200 mg/day
Carbohydrates 50-60% of total calories
Protein Approx. 15% of total calories
Soluble fiber 10-25 g/day
Plant
stanols/sterols
2 g/day
Total calories Balance energy intake with expenditure
Nutritional Recommendations for Weight Loss In Diabetes 9
• Moderate decreases in calories (500-1000 kcal/day) can result in progressive weight loss of
1-2 lbs/week.
• Low-carbohydrate or low-fat calorie-restricted diets may be effective in the short term (up to 1
year) for weight loss.
• Physical activity and behavior modification are important components of weight loss
programs and are most helpful in maintenance of weight loss.
Physical Activity and exercise In Diabetes 9
• At least 150 minutes of moderate/intense aerobic activity per week (30 minutes, five days a
week)
• In the absence of contraindications, people with type 2 diabetes should be encouraged to
perform resistance training 3 days/week
58 CMA FoundAtion . diAbetes And CArdiovAsCulAr diseAse Provider reFerenCe guide . july 2011