Glacier Mass Balance and Regime: Data of Measurements and ...

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Chile no inform. WGI, 1988, p. C67Bolivia: Cordillera Oriental 556 WGI, 1988, p. C67Peru: Southern Cordilleras 649 WGI, 1988, p. C68Peru: Northern Cordilleras 1,131 WGI, 1988, p. C68Equador 110.8 WGI, 1988, p. C68Columbia: Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta 19.1 WGI, 1988, p. C69Columbia: other regions 91.9 WGI, 1988, p. C69Venezuella: Sierra Nevada de Merida 2.7 WGI, 1988, p. C69S.America 25,000Subantarcic Islands 7,0 WGI, 1988Antarctica: small glaciers 70,0 Weidick and Morris, 1998Total in S. Hemisphere 103,000Global 680,000P.S. Because in some regions data onglacier area are not available (see "no information") and aggregate area of Antarctica local glaciers maybe much larger we consider the area total area of small glaciers are underestimated20
Chapter 2. Data on Glacier RegimeThe term “regime” as used here includes not only mass balance but other parameters as well,such as winter and summer balances, net accumulation and net ablation, annual accumulation andablation, mass turnover, equilibrium-line altitude (ELA), and accumulation-area ratio (AAR). All ofthese components of glacier regime will be defined in this chapter.Point (individual stakes, or snow pits) data are not considered here but rather data alreadyaveraged over the glacier (Appendixes 1, 3, and 4) or over certain areas, e.g., ablation, accumulation, oraltitudinal ranges (Appendix 2).2.1. DATA ON GLACIER CHARACTERISTICS AND VARIABLES OF GLACIER REGIMEThe terminology and indexes used in FoG publications are followed here, as they areinternationally accepted. All available data on the main characteristics of glaciers and variables of theirregime are combined in Appendix 1. Every glacier with a mass-balance record, no matter how long it is,is characterized by: glacier name, country, region, PSFG number (five digits identifying glacier withalphabetic prefix denoting country), code (three digits giving primary classification, form and frontalcharacteristic respectively), latitude and longitude (in degrees and minutes), maximum, median, andminimum elevations (meters), area (the latest information on total area of glacier, in km 2 ), length (thelatest information on glacier length, in km), aspect (for some glaciers it is given separately foraccumulation area - denominator, and for ablation area - numerator). These characteristics are takenfrom FoG volumes or from other publications given in rows of “Reference”.Data related to glacier regime (defined here as variables) are the results of measurements onmany glaciers in different geographical regions in the world (Appendix 3). These are given by years andinclude: (1) glacier area (s); (2) components of mass gain, which are presented by different variables fordifferent glaciers, depending on the system used for measurements: winter mass balance (b w), or annualsnow accumulation, (c t) or net accumulation (a c), all in mm of water equivalent; (3) components of massloss, which are also presented by different variables for different glaciers: summer mass balance, (b s),annual ablation (a t), net ablation, (a a); (4) annual glacier mass balance, b a, or net mass balance b n; (5)equilibrium-line altitude (ELA); and (6) accumulation-area ratio (AAR). These all result from direct21
Page 4 and 5: 3.1.1. Number of records and surfac
Page 6 and 7: of winter mass balance. (d) Extreme
Page 8 and 9: PREFACEThe study of glacier fluctua
Page 10 and 11: IntroductionThis work presents data
Page 12 and 13: 100Number of mass balance records80
Page 14 and 15: Four Appendices contain data:Append
Page 16 and 17: 70×10 3 km 2 of ice caps around th
Page 18 and 19: Nianqingtangla 7,54 Dyurgerov and M
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Page 24 and 25: 20001500a)bsataa(1-AAR)mm/yr1000500
Page 26 and 27: w, bs, ac(AAR), aa(1-AAR), mm/yr300
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Page 32 and 33: Golubev and Dyurgerov, 1976). Here
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Page 38 and 39: were found between published and re
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Page 42 and 43: 42PlaceSentinelSykoraTidemannWoolse
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Page 68 and 69: Conclusions and RecommendationThis
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7.1. Globally-averaged mass balance
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Auer, I., Bohm, R., Hammer, N., Sch
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Cogley, J. G., Adams, W. P., Eccles
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Galakhov, V. P., Narozhniy, Yu. K.,
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Holmlund, P., Karlen W. and Grudd,
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Jianchen Pu, Zhen Su, Tandong Yao,
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Matsuoka, K. and Naruse, R., 1999:
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Narozhniy, Yu. K., 1991: Balans mas
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Rott, H., Skvarca, P., Nagler, T.,
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Warrick, R. A., Provost, C. Le., Me
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Explanation to Appendix 1Appendix 1
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Explanation to Appendix 3- Blank ce
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Appendix 1 General information on g
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Appendix 1 General information on g
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References to Appendix 1FOG, 1967;
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Appendix 2 Mass balance versus alti
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Appendix 3 Annual data on glacier r
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Appendix 4 Glaciers with long-term
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