Glacier Mass Balance and Regime: Data of Measurements and ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

3.1.1. Number of records and surface area of glaciers…………………………………...483.1.2. Glacier mass balance……………………………………………………………...503.1.3. Specific components………………………………………………………………523.2. SELECTED APPLICATIONS OF THE RESULTS…………………………………………613.2.1. Study of sea-level change…………………………………………………………613.2.2. Melt water production…………………………………………………………….633.2.3. Regional and global precipitation at high altitudes………………………………….643.2.4. Regional and global monitoring……………………………………………………653.2.5. Application to climate studies……………………………………………………..663.2.6. Application to study of paleo-environments……………………………………….663.2.7. Application of mass-balance variation with elevation………………………………67CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION……………………………………69REFERENCES CITED……………………………………………………………………………………………...72APPENDICES4
TABLES1.1. Surface area of glaciers outside the major ice sheets2.1. Comparison of published and recalculated variables2.2. Comparisons of annual mass balances measured by the glaciological method and by topographicalmethod2.3. Comparisons of mass balance and surface area calculations for three glaciersFIGURESFig. I.1. Histogram showing the numbers of glaciers with mass balance records, annually since thebeginning of continuous mass-balance observations.Fig. I.2. Map showing locations of glaciers with mass-balance records.Fig. 2.1. Shumskiy Glacier (Djungariya Mtn.) mass-balance componentsFig. 2.2. Shumskiy Glacier mass-balance components.Fig.2.3. Storglaciären (Sweden), seasonal mass balance components.Fig. 2.4. Correlation between all mass-balance records and records 20-years and longer (1), 30-years andlonger (2).Fig. 3.1. Aggregate surface area of mountain and subpolar glaciers where mass balance measurementswere carried out.Fig.3.2. Area of glaciers where mass-balance measurements were carried out showing all recordsincluding those with large annual variability, and calculated for the 44 glaciers having long-term massbalancerecords.Fig. 3.3. (a) Arithmetic mean of glacier mass-balance measurements, calculated annually since thebeginning of measurements, together with the number of these glaciers. Mean mass balances calculatedfor all glaciers are also presented in Appendices 1 and 3. (b) Glacier mass-balance calculated for glacierswith mass-balance records 20 years and longer, and square-root error. (c) Glacier mass balancescalculated for glaciers with mass-balance records 30 years and longer, and square-root error. (d)Extreme mass-balance values for glaciers with mass-balance records 20 years and longer. (e)Cumulative mass-balance sums given for all measurements, and for those with records 20 years andlonger.Fig. 3.4. (a) Winter mass balance and number of measurements (glaciers). (b) Summer mass balance andnumber of measurements (glaciers). (c) Extremes (minimum, maximum) and standard-deviation values5
Page 6 and 7: of winter mass balance. (d) Extreme
Page 8 and 9: PREFACEThe study of glacier fluctua
Page 10 and 11: IntroductionThis work presents data
Page 12 and 13: 100Number of mass balance records80
Page 14 and 15: Four Appendices contain data:Append
Page 16 and 17: 70×10 3 km 2 of ice caps around th
Page 18 and 19: Nianqingtangla 7,54 Dyurgerov and M
Page 20 and 21: Chile no inform. WGI, 1988, p. C67B
Page 22 and 23: measurements carried out in the fie
Page 24 and 25: 20001500a)bsataa(1-AAR)mm/yr1000500
Page 26 and 27: w, bs, ac(AAR), aa(1-AAR), mm/yr300
Page 28 and 29: November in the south), and summer
Page 30 and 31: to estimate the effect of calving o
Page 32 and 33: Golubev and Dyurgerov, 1976). Here
Page 34 and 35: decreasing number of measurements
Page 36 and 37: Globally averaged glacier mass bala
Page 38 and 39: were found between published and re
Page 40 and 41: 2.6.1 Checking data quality1. The f
Page 42 and 43: 42PlaceSentinelSykoraTidemannWoolse
Page 44 and 45: Praviy Aktru275118.0--No 125/Vodop.
Page 46 and 47: Glacier Silvretta Silvretta Silvret
Page 48 and 49: 7895 km 2 , in 1958), Barnes Ice Ca
Page 50 and 51: mass balance, all series, mm/yr, al
Page 52 and 53:
winter mass balances, mm/yr# bw2000
Page 54 and 55:
2600# ELA80Equilibrium line altitud
Page 56 and 57:
Mass-Balance Change with Elevation.
Page 58 and 59:
300250576 611200area, km 21501004 5
Page 60 and 61:
5000b(z), mm/yr-500-1000-1500-2000-
Page 62 and 63:
Glacier mass-balance calculations m
Page 64 and 65:
There is a serious lack of meteorol
Page 66 and 67:
Mass balance data presented in Appe
Page 68 and 69:
Conclusions and RecommendationThis
Page 70 and 71:
7.1. Globally-averaged mass balance
Page 72 and 73:
Auer, I., Bohm, R., Hammer, N., Sch
Page 74 and 75:
Cogley, J. G., Adams, W. P., Eccles
Page 76 and 77:
Galakhov, V. P., Narozhniy, Yu. K.,
Page 78 and 79:
Holmlund, P., Karlen W. and Grudd,
Page 80 and 81:
Jianchen Pu, Zhen Su, Tandong Yao,
Page 82 and 83:
Matsuoka, K. and Naruse, R., 1999:
Page 84 and 85:
Narozhniy, Yu. K., 1991: Balans mas
Page 86 and 87:
Rott, H., Skvarca, P., Nagler, T.,
Page 88 and 89:
Warrick, R. A., Provost, C. Le., Me
Page 90 and 91:
Explanation to Appendix 1Appendix 1
Page 92 and 93:
Explanation to Appendix 3- Blank ce
Page 94 and 95:
Appendix 1 General information on g
Page 96 and 97:
Appendix 1 General information on g
Page 98 and 99:
References to Appendix 1FOG, 1967;
Page 100 and 101:
Appendix 2 Mass balance versus alti
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Appendix 3 Annual data on glacier r
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Appendix 4 Glaciers with long-term
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268:
show all

Glacier Mass Balance and Regime: Data of Measurements and ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?