Generation, of the energy carrier HYDROGEN In context ... - needs

NyOrka Page 2 12/18/2008Specific acronyms ............................................................................................................... 41 Structure ...................................................................................................................... 51.1 The data sources ................................................................................................... 52 Hydrogen..................................................................................................................... 52.1 Methods and pathways for production ................................................................. 62.2 Electrolysis ........................................................................................................... 82.3 Process description of electrolysis ....................................................................... 92.4 Life Cycle Evaluation of the Electrolysis .......................................................... 122.4.1 Material flow data and sources ................................................................... 143 Results ....................................................................................................................... 153.1.1 Key emissions and land use ........................................................................ 153.1.2 Contribution analysis for the main life cycle phases .................................. 163.2 Additional information ....................................................................................... 173.2.1 Spatial disaggregation ................................................................................. 184 Electrolysis technology development pathways ....................................................... 194.1 Hydrogen roadmaps and policy .......................................................................... 214.2 Criteria for hydrogen applications ...................................................................... 234.2.1 Efficency of production .............................................................................. 234.2.2 Quality criteria ............................................................................................ 234.2.3 On site production of hydrogen; grid criteria ............................................. 244.2.4 Quantitative criteria .................................................................................... 264.2.5 Where would the hydrogen come from? ..................................................... 264.2.6 Niche markets ............................................................................................. 274.3 Cost of hydrogen production from two sources ................................................. 294.4 Future scenarios – cost comparison ................................................................... 334.5 Price trends in future .......................................................................................... 354.5.1 The potential role of hydrogen in a future energy supply system ............... 374.5.2 Integrated systems ....................................................................................... 395 Technology development perspectives ..................................................................... 396 Specification of future technology configurations .................................................... 417 Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 428 References ................................................................................................................. 439 Annex ........................................................................................................................ 46