Generation, of the energy carrier HYDROGEN In context ... - needs

NyOrka Page 29 12/18/2008transportation purposes, yet already before 2020 35 its market penetration is set at 5%,whereas China and India have already started their experimental use of hydrogen and fuelcells.4.3 Cost of hydrogen production from two sourcesThe most actual costs for hydrogen technology have been studied with real data derivedfrom H 2 bus demonstrations. Hydrogen vehicle operation in fleets will have spill-overeffects to development of other sectors of society. The production stations are,undergoing their first field demonstrations and the figures can only give an indication ofcost and efficiency, and therefore important as first points in a learning curve. Citedreports are deliverables from CUTE, HyFLEET:CUTE bus demonstration projects andthe Icelandic SMART-H 2 project. This section is presented as on overview of the currentcost proportions and forecast for the production costs, when using real data (figs 13 – 17).Note it is based on the technology which is currently in use for hydrogen and is derivedfrom small scale plants that fit transportation demonstrations.The most relevant parameters for the interpretation are:• The actual systems used come from differnt manufacturers and have differentboundary conditions such as production capacities. The production unit (PU) ofall both steam-reformer system and the electrolyzer system produce 60 Nm³/h ofhydrogen. Considering hydrogen losses that occur downstream of the productionunit, the steam-reformer system yields a delivered quantity of 43.157 kg H2 /year,while the electrolyzer system delivers a quantity of 43.465 kg H2 / year.• Of these produced quantities, 43.000 kg H2 /year (each system) are delivered tofuel cell buses, while the residual amount of hydrogen from the hydrogen fillingstation is considered as “overproduction” within the mass balance of the system.• Initial costs for the steam-reformer based system amount to 1,75 Mio. € and to1,74 Mio. € for the electrolyzer based system.The total consumption of energy amounts to 5,7kWh/Nm³ H 2 for both hydrogenproducing systems. In the case of the steam-reformer, this includes 4,7 kWh/Nm³ H 2natural gas. The amount 5,7 kWh/Nm³ H 2 also includes the energy consumption forthe compression of the hydrogen up to 350 bar at 15 °C. Electric energy, which meets theentire energy demand of the electrolyzer based system and 1kWh/Nm³ H2 at thesteamreformer system is assumed to be purchased for 0,10 €/kWh and natural gas isassumed to be purchased for 0,05 €/kWh. These prices are varied within one similation toshow the price elasticity.The cost contributions would be composed within the hydrogen supply chain, the cost ofmonitoring the quality and purification. The presentation is derived with GaBi4 asoftware tool for Life Cycle Engineering. LCA costs of dismantling and externalities. Thequality criteria were found to be relevant during the project CUTE project accounts forthese in their current and future cost estimations 36 .35 Minns David (editor) APEC2030 Integrated Roadmap Nov 2005: Future fuels for the APEC region36 Faltenbacher Michael Wittstock TREN/05/FP6EN/ S07.52298/019991