danish research unit for industrial dynamics druid working paper no ...

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38explore new ways of solving problems and to exploit prior knowledge coming fromdifferent agreements by generalising and transferring local know-how.Other case studies show a different way of learning through the unilateral transfer ofknowledge. BMW and Kuka Renault and Renault Automation illustrate the case of leadusers which have begun to produce robots by themselves and tried to transfer thiscompetence to their own producer. BMW, for example, started to build robots in anexperimental way in the middle of the70's. This automobile firm developed someinnovative solutions (notably the portical robot for welding) and decided to exploit thistechnology and to improve it with Kuka by giving to this firm a property right to exploitsome technical solutions (licence of exploitation). Kuka thus absorbed considerable knowhowin this sector and was able to develop innovative solutions on her own some yearslater. This firm was able to transform this local knowledge and to explore different ways ofsolving problems in the 80's and has developed important innovative solution in theelectrical trajectory allowing it to compete with international firms like Comau and ABB.Its explorative capacity was also reinforced by major collaborations with Fraunhoferinstitutes (IPA and IPK) helping it gradually to absorb new skills in opto-electronicstechnologies.Contrary to the case of Kuka and BMW, Renault and Renault Automation did not succeedin extracting local knowledge and transferring it in others agreements. This lowcombinative capacity may be explained by some historical events. This firm was constantlymonitored by its user who had previously created the robotics department and wasmonitoring this activity according its specific needs. This impedes the producer fromexploring different backgrounds of knowledge and transforming its competence accordingto international competition. To summarise briefly, the transfer of knowledge coming fromits specific user "locked" Renault Automation into the hydraulic trajectory and graduallyevicted it from international markets.In the middle of the 80's, Renault Automation tried to absorb different backgrounds ofknowledge by cooperating with other users (notably PSA), but encountered manydifficulties to go beyond its existing competence’s and has not enough know-how in theelectronic trajectory to compete with foreign producers. The exploitation of the hydraulicstechnical solution progressively decreased its capacity to solve various problems and
39prevented it from benefiting from the diversity of knowledge of others users. That thereason why the firm was not able to propose innovative solutions at the end of the 80's andhas not really succeeded to in regaining its lead in this field.The presentation of the cognitive characteristics created in agreements are to be found inthe following table.
Page 1: DANISH RESEARCH UNIT FOR INDUSTRIAL
Page 5: 5ContentsPreface...................
Page 9: 91. IntroductionThe purpose of this
Page 12 and 13: 12individual and collective failure
Page 14 and 15: 14can only with difficulty be reduc
Page 17 and 18: 173. Presentation of the case studi
Page 19 and 20: 19These projects are very uncertain
Page 21: 21these intangible conditions are o
Page 24 and 25: 24agreements giving stronger extern
Page 26 and 27: 26confrontation in the current prac
Page 28 and 29: 28The first "meta rule" that we obs
Page 30 and 31: 30Table 2: Assets created in agreem
Page 32 and 33: 32a procedure of "reporting". This
Page 34 and 35: 34combination of different types of
Page 36 and 37: 36Knowledge produced in agreements
Page 40 and 41: 40Table 3: Dynamic of learning and
Page 42 and 43: 42perspective (with only the codifi
Page 44 and 45: 44Cowan R. and Foray D. (1996) : "T
Page 46 and 47: 46Nooderhaven N. G. (1996) : "Oppor
Page 49 and 50: 49Danish Research Unit for Industri
Page 51 and 52: 51DRUID Working Papers96-1 Lundvall
Page 53: 53Information for subscribers.Subsc

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