Guide for the Structural Rehabilitation of Heritage ... - Test Input
Guide for the Structural Rehabilitation of Heritage ... - Test Input
Guide for the Structural Rehabilitation of Heritage ... - Test Input
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a) MasonryThe repair <strong>of</strong> masonry elements is, in general, obtained through re-pointing <strong>the</strong> cracks withmortar, or <strong>the</strong> injection <strong>of</strong> appropriate grout (Fig. 26). Sometimes, <strong>the</strong> appropriate solution willinclude <strong>the</strong> replacement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> deteriorated masonry units.Figure 26: Injections <strong>of</strong> epoxy resins in a masonry vault (21)conditions.The composition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mortar or <strong>the</strong>grout to be used (cement, resin, etc.)will depend on <strong>the</strong> characteristics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>masonry, itself. Particular attentionshould be given to <strong>the</strong> compatibility <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> repair materials and <strong>the</strong> existingmasonry.For example, in <strong>the</strong> repair <strong>of</strong> masonrybuilt with mortar that contains gypsum,mortar or grout <strong>of</strong> cement should not beused, because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> reaction between<strong>the</strong> gypsum and <strong>the</strong> cement.For <strong>the</strong> superficial repair <strong>of</strong> a masonryelement, chemical emulsions (silicates,etc.) can be used. The appropriatesolution should be analysed in eachcase, depending on <strong>the</strong> specificFor <strong>the</strong> elimination <strong>of</strong> bio-deterioration in masonry elements, several solutions also exist,nowadays, (biocides, laser, etc.). The appropriate solution should also be analyzed in eachspecific case.The elimination <strong>of</strong> infiltration <strong>of</strong> water and <strong>the</strong> rise by capillarity <strong>of</strong> moisture in <strong>the</strong> masonry,coming from <strong>the</strong> foundations is, in general, difficult to achieve. The injection <strong>of</strong> hydro-activegrouts, based on polyurethane resins is, sometimes, adequate. When possible, <strong>the</strong> bestsolution will be, always, <strong>the</strong> elimination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> source <strong>of</strong> contamination, through <strong>the</strong> adequatedrainage and desalinization <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> soil.b) TimberConcerning <strong>the</strong> action <strong>of</strong> xylophages insects, preservative materials with insecticideproperties exist nowadays, and are adequate <strong>for</strong> timber protection.Concerning <strong>the</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> moisture on <strong>the</strong> outside <strong>of</strong> elements <strong>of</strong> coverings and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> floorsembedded in walls, an adequate solution will be <strong>the</strong>ir protection against <strong>the</strong> infiltration fromrain water. When those elements have deteriorated significantly <strong>the</strong>y should be substitutedby new ones.For <strong>the</strong> problem <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> existence <strong>of</strong> longitudinal cracking in timber elements, some solutionsalso exist, such as <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> lateral fastenings or ties, or <strong>the</strong> injection with special products(syn<strong>the</strong>tic resins, etc.). When steel elements are used in this streng<strong>the</strong>ning, <strong>the</strong>y should beadequately protected against corrosion. When consolidating materials are used in timber,<strong>the</strong>ir compatibility should also be verified.37/48