National Research on Domestic Violence Against Women in

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYIntroductionIn 2009 United Nations population Fund (UNFPA) commissionedthe nationwide survey on Domestic Violenceagainst Women in Georgia within the frames of the UN-FPA implemented project “Combating Gender BasedViolence in South Caucasus”(GBV-SC). GBV-SC projectis a regional, multi-pronged initiative supported by theNorwegian government and co-funded by UNFPA implementedin the three South Caucasus Countries – Armenia,Azerbaijan and Georgia. Main objective of the projectis to contribute to the national response to domesticviolence and strengthen the democratic governance inthe three countries by promoting the respect for humanrights, gender equality and women’s participation.Gender-based violence is regarded as one of the formsof violating human rights. Domestic violence is a globalphenomenon without national, economic, religious,geographic and cultural borders. Violence on woman ismostly performed in her direct social environment affectingthe physical and mental health of the woman.Violence has negative consequences for social welfare,children, families and community. Domestic violencerestricts the woman’s right to be involved in social life.According to the annual data of Global Economic Forum,Georgia occupies 84th position by gender gap indexamong 134 world countries: by economic contributionand capacity, Georgia is on the 55th position, by educationlevel -82, health and life expactancy – 131 andpolitical empowerment opportunities – 103.UNFPA had aimed to support formulation of effectiveGBV/DV response policies and contribute to establishingeffective mechanisms for better implementation ofinternational treaties on elimination of violence againstwomen, to which Georgia is a signatory. For this purpose,UNFPA carried out a nationwide survey to studythe forms of domestic violence against women as wellas prevalence, causes and consequences of violencecountrywide. The overall aim was to use research findingsas a baseline for formulating national policies andplans to combat domestic violence and establish greatergender equality in Georgia.Thematic studies on the issues of domestic violence hadbeen conducted in Georgia a number of times. Thereare two national surveys (in 1999 and 2005) on reproductivehealth, which also include the topic of domesticviolence. Neverthless there was a clear need for anational survey project which one the one hand would, generate information on prevalence of gender-basedviolence, its forms and intensivity, attitudes and perceptions,personal and social history of violence, mechanismsfor combating domestic violence and on the otherhand, would enable making comparison of the socialpicture of Georgia with the data of international studies.The presented Nationwide Survey on Domestic Violenceagainst Women in Georgia is the first comprehensivesurvey carried out on the subject of domestic violenceagainst women in the country and it has the biggestsample, which provides information on urban and ruralsettlements all over Georgia. The survey combinesquantitative and qualitative approach in exploring thecauses and consequences of domestic violence, as wellas perceptions and attitudes of women on domesticviolence; this is the first survey collecting data on physicaland sexual violence for under-aged group of women,as well as sexual abuse by perpetrators other thanhusbands and family members. The survey is the firstbase-line study on the issue. The nationwide survey wasconducted using mixed methodology quantitative andqualitative components and overall 2391 women wereinterviewed age 15-49 within the quantitative component;qualitative component comprised 14 focus groups,34 in-depth interviews and 2 participant observations.NATIONAL RESEARCH ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN GEORGIA9
Objectives of the StudyThe overall objectives of national research on domesticviolence against women in Georgia were to identify:• the extent of domestic violence including physicaland sexual violence, emotional, economic types ofviolence against women by their husbands/partners• the extent on underage (below 15) sexual abuse• attitudes of women toward gender roles and violence• violence in pregnancy and injuries due to violence• the methods of coping with violence by womenwho experienced domestic violence• effects of violence on general health of women andchildren witnessing violenceThe study was designed to provide the data that couldbe used to develop national policies on prevention ofdomestic violence in Georgia, informing, communicatingand educating the public on gender rights and issues,engendering laws, policies and plans, supportingestablishment of service mechanisms to prevent, protectand respond to gender-based violence acts and increasethe efficiency and effectiveness of efforts aimingat addressing gender based violence.<strong>Research</strong> MethodologyIn this survey two research methodologies have beenused - quantitative and qualitative, in order to explorethe depth and breadth of domestic violence againstwomen.Quantitative researchSample designThe sample design for <strong>Research</strong> on Domestic Violenceused a weighted, stratified and multi-staged clustersample approach. The major aim of the sample designwas to arrive at estimates of indicators related toviolence against women for the national level as wellas urban/rural strata and Tbilisi city centre with an acceptable(accurate) precision within a defined 95%confidence interval. It should be noted that Tbilisi wasconsidered as a separate unit. Sampling was based onthe Clusters Database available at the State Department1. The Cluster Database at the statistics department was available forthe research. There are about 16,500 clusters in the database.of Statistics of Georgia (SDS) and two-listing/updatingprocesses were performed. Households were selectedsystematically within the selected clusters. Overall 2391women in age group 15-49 were interviewed.QuestionnairesThe research questionnaires were designed accordingthe needs of the country and they were based on thequestionnaires of World Health Organization’s Multicountrystudy on Women Health and Domestic violenceagainst Women. Two questionnaires were used: ahousehold and a women’s questionnaire. The followinginformation was collected:• Household population and the housing characteristicsof the households;• Background characteristics and marriage historyof women; general health women and behavioralproblems of their children;• Physical and sexual violence, emotional and economicviolence experienced by the women (duringthe life-time and in the past 12 month priori to interview)perpetrated by husband/partner;• Sexual abuse before age 15;• Attitudes of women towards gender roles and violence;• Violence in pregnancy and injuries due to violence;• Coping with violence by women experiencing domesticviolence• Causes of domestic violence cultural specificsField work and response ratesWomen in age group 15-49. In selected 5,080 households,3,872 household interviews were completed successfullyand a total of 3,768 women aged 15-49 wasfound in these households. 2,621 women were selectedby the Kish method of one woman per household. Interviewswith 2,385 women were completed.Qualitative researchQualitative research aimed to collect first-hand informationabout the underlying differences between men’sand women’s of understanding of violence, practicesof domestic violence, experiences of participants, theirperception and coping strategies towards violence andtheir evaluation and vision about the services providedto the victims of domestic violence.Overall 14 focus groups, 34 in-depth interviews and 2participant observations were conducted within thequalitative component.10
Page 2 and 3: NATIONAL RESEARCH ON DOMESTICVIOLEN
Page 5 and 6: 4Women’s attitudes towards physic
Page 7 and 8: PREFACEIn the spring of 2006 the Pa
Page 9: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe wish to extend o
Page 13 and 14: • Pushed, or shoved, or pulled by
Page 15 and 16: the nationwide data providing infor
Page 17 and 18: seek both to be obedient to their h
Page 19 and 20: publicly since speaking about famil
Page 21 and 22: freedoms committed by one family me
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 2 .METHODOLOGYSophio Chacha
Page 25 and 26: Within the 5,080 households, 3,872
Page 27 and 28: Table 2.2 - Research</stron
Page 29 and 30: Table 2.3 - Research</stron
Page 31 and 32: Figure 3.1 Population Pyramid75 - 7
Page 33 and 34: As for marital status, 27% of women
Page 35 and 36: have partner and are not involved i
Page 37 and 38: Below significant data on emotional
Page 39 and 40: • 58.3% of respondents believe a
Page 41 and 42: wife. Of women who think it is a wi
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 5.DOMESTIC VIOLENCEAGAINST
Page 45 and 46: The proportion of women who have be
Page 47 and 48: hand there are no cases of ruptured
Page 49 and 50: In Georgia 2.7% of women who have e
Page 51 and 52: There are two factors perpetuating
Page 53 and 54: BackgroundcharacteristicsTable 6.1
Page 55 and 56: BackgroundcharacteristicsTable 6.3B
Page 57 and 58: percentage of women who have had ex
Page 59 and 60: Table 6.6 Fighting back physically
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Table 6.8 Most commonly cited reaso
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the social role of mother as child-
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While there are lots of cases when
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Thus, those who are supposed to pro
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confirm that parents’ (especially
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tle misfortune breaks their heart a
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expected to tolerate mistreatment f
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properly. I cannot imagine moving a
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Besides shelters, another place tha
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gle but regular trainings. And it i
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Chapter 8.OVERVIEW: RESULTS ANDMAIN
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ferences revealed among respective
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e explained by the same reasons cit
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It should be mentioned that educati
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tutions that provide support to the
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Within the frameworks of current le
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features and the violence experienc
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94ANNEXES
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Ms. Irma KhomerikiMr. George Rati
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Annex 3. Questionnaire 2008 GEOR
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IF MORE THAN ONE HH IN SELECT
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INDIVIDUAL CONSENT FORM Hello, m
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108b 108 c Have you ever been f
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116 Is this group (Are any of
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136 Are you concerned about th
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206 In the past 4 weeks have
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214 Do you now smoke............
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309 Have you ever had a pregna
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SECTION 4 CHILDREN CHECK: Q. 301
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422 Of these children (ages 5-
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508 What kind of work does/did
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SECTION 6 ATTITUDES In this com
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SECTION 7 RESPONDENT AND HER P
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706 707 a) Did your current husba
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*CHECK: Q.118 AND Q.123 (s716cur) (
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SECTION 8 INJURIES CHECK: Q.707
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SECTION 9 IMPACT AND COPING I
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909 Did anyone ever try to hel
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SECTION 11 FINANCIAL AUTONOMY No
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SECTION 12 COMPLETION OF INTERV
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Annex 4. Qualitative research De
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• How you can describe the o
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Result codesTbilisiAdjara Guria Ime
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150
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