Issue1. Vol.1 (April, 2013) - IIT Mandi

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ESSENT Society for Collaborative Research and Innovation, IIT Mandithink that NMR was the greatest technique, but Iwas assigned to this project and I wanted to domy work as well as ever possible.Can you shortly tell us about yourcontributions to NMR spectroscopy thatculminated in the award of a NobelPrize?I very simply introduced the Fouriertransformation in order to implement paralleldata processing and increasing the sensitivity byorders of magnitude, a very simple trick!What do you feel about the currentpublic understanding of NMRSpectroscopy?It is of great advantage that NMR has with MRIa highly successful clinical application.Therefore, people know about it. They hardlyknow the analytical chemical features.What is your take on the quality andquantity of ongoing research?The present research front is very wide and a lotof good work is being done in various fields,especially in the biologically and medicallyrelevant aspects.How important do you think Nobel Prizehas been in your life?The Nobel Prize gave me a voice with which Ican address virtually all communities andpeople are normally attentive. Without a Nobelprize, they would either stay away or sleep!You have been very concerned about theuniversity systems. What do you thinkare the major current drawbacks andpossible ways to reform?To be specific, I do not think India has a gooduniversity atmosphere. Too much is just learnedby heart without much creativity and originality.In the West, the situation is better, but could stillbe improved: more personal involvement, morecreativity, and out of the way thinking.As a path-breaker in science what advicedo you have for the researchers andstudents who are reading this interview?Honesty is the greatest property. Be self-critical,never believe what you have done and check itover and over again. Be cooperative with yourcolleagues; help them rather than stealing ideas.22 ESSENT|Issue1|Vol1
ESSENT Society for Collaborative Research and Innovation, IIT MandiThermo-physicalmodeling of Laser-Therapy for CancerDr.Niraj Sinha, Assistant Professor,School of Engineering, IIT Mandi.Dr. Sinha has received his PhD from Universityof Waterloo and has worked as post doctoralfellow at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.His research interests are in the areas ofmanufacturing, materials science,nanotechnology and bioengineering.andDr. Ankit Bansal, Assistant ProfessorSchool of Engineering, IIT MandiDr. Bansal has received his PhD in MechanicalEngineering from the Pennsylvania StateUniversity.Dr. Bansal specializes in radiative heat transferand spectral modeling of radiative properties inthermal plasma. He is currently involved inStochastic modeling of infectious disease andradiative heat transfer for applications relatedto cancer treatment.Cancer is the most common malignancy withover 10.9 million people diagnosed each yearworldwide. Approximately 60% of cancerpatients go through radiation therapy as a meansof the treatment. If the radiation is deliveredfrom outside the body, photon energies ofseveral million electron volts are needed toreach deep-seated tumours. Use of high intensitydoses may damage healthy tissues laterally.Delivering radiation dose only to cancerouscells is a great challenge in the radiationtherapy. An ideal strategy for improvement ofradiotherapeutic efficacy against human canceris to effectively deliver radiosensitizer to targettumours cells, causing preferentially increasedtumour cytotoxicity, while simultaneouslyprotecting normal tissues and organs. It has beenfound that the dose delivered to a tumour duringphoton-based radiation therapy can be enhancedby loading high atomic number (Z) materialsinto the tumour. To this end, radiosenstitizationusing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) seems a verypromising approach for radiotherapy as they arebiologically inert and because nanoparticles(NPs) can more easily penetrate the tumourvasculature.Heat Transfer in Biological Tissue withExternal IrradiationIn radiotherapy, tissue or tumour cells areirradiated with a collimated or convergingradiation source. The radiation source can beeither collimated or focusing. The collimatedradiation beam requires high power and longexposure time to sufficiently achieve the desiredeffect. This leads to significant heat diffusionwhich will damage the surrounding healthytissue. In contrast, the converging beam couldpenetrate a greater depth and significantlyincrease the incident power at the target,avoiding undesirable reactions in thesurrounding healthy tissues. Nanoparticlesattached to the tissue cells absorb the radiationenergy and gets heated. Long laser pulses–withpulse duration exceeding the thermal relaxationtime–cause heating of the surrounding mediumalong with the nanoparticles, as heat diffusesacross the particle boundary. On the other hand,23 ESSENT|Issue1|Vol1
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Issue1. Vol.1 (April, 2013) - IIT Mandi

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