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S AISPHERE 2011– 2012<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
THE PAUL H. NITZE SCHOOL OF ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL STUDIES ■ THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY<br />
2011– 2012<br />
Growth<br />
Ahead<br />
for<br />
Global<br />
Agriculture
Year of<br />
Agriculture<br />
at<strong>SAIS</strong>
Features<br />
08 Global Agriculture: Gaining Ground?<br />
Robert L. Thompson<br />
12 Indian Agriculture: Waiting for Reforms<br />
Walter K. Andersen<br />
16 China’s Agricultural Revolution<br />
Pieter Bottelier<br />
20 Is Agriculture the Answer?<br />
Marc J. Cohen<br />
24 High Food Prices and Economic Growth<br />
David Fowkes<br />
28 Brazil and Argentina: Commodity Boom Winners<br />
Francisco E. González<br />
32 Hunger and Conflict<br />
P. Terrence Hopmann<br />
36 The Sea’s Harvest: China and Global Fisheries<br />
Tabitha Grace Mallory<br />
40 India’s Water Crisis<br />
Srinivasan Padmanabhan<br />
44 Global Warming, Agriculture and Biofuels:<br />
A Combustible Mix<br />
Charles Pearson<br />
47 Counting on Agribusiness in Africa<br />
Guy Pfeffermann and Nora Brown<br />
50 Empowering the Poor<br />
Michael G. Plummer and Dalila Cervantes-Godoy<br />
54 Soil—the New Oil?<br />
Mariano Turzi<br />
57 The ‘Right to Food’ and Foreign Land Deals in Africa<br />
Ruth Wedgwood and Tiffany Basciano<br />
2011–2012 1
<strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE is published for the alumni<br />
and friends of The Paul H. Nitze School<br />
of Advanced International Studies of<br />
the Johns Hopkins University.<br />
Managing Felisa Neuringer<br />
Editor Klubes<br />
Contributing Chris Blose<br />
EditorS Sharon Congdon<br />
Sonja Matanovic<br />
ContributorS<br />
Spencer Abruzzese<br />
Walter K. Andersen<br />
Tiffany Basciano<br />
Pieter Bottelier<br />
Nora Brown<br />
Dalila Cervantes-<br />
Godoy<br />
Marc J. Cohen<br />
Patrick Cranley<br />
Francesca Di Marco<br />
Jessica P. Einhorn<br />
Mary Evans<br />
David Fowkes<br />
Margaret H. Frondorf<br />
Francisco E. González<br />
P. Terrence Hopmann<br />
Chris Hunter<br />
Kelly Hunter<br />
Jordi Izzard<br />
Jonathan Keller<br />
Emily Kessler<br />
art dirECtion Jeffrey Kibler<br />
typESEtting Brenda M. Waugh<br />
pHoto rESEarCH Ali Southworth<br />
Nell Whiting<br />
projECt Adriana Guevara<br />
ManagEMEnt TMG<br />
2 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
Kathryn Knowles<br />
Jeannette Lee<br />
Sarah Lerner<br />
Tabitha Grace Mallory<br />
Sarah Nelson<br />
Srinivasan<br />
Padmanabhan<br />
Amir Pasic<br />
Jason D. Patent<br />
Charles Pearson<br />
Guy Pfeffermann<br />
Michael G. Plummer<br />
Tatiana Pollard<br />
Odette Boya Resta<br />
Michael Roberts<br />
Ruth Swanson<br />
Robert L. Thompson<br />
Mariano Turzi<br />
Christine Vargas<br />
Ruth Wedgwood<br />
Michelle Weiner<br />
PHOTO CREDITS: Cover, Carroll & Carroll/Getty Images;<br />
page 3, Kaveh Sardari; page 5, Robert Tetro; pages 6–7,<br />
Leo F. Freitas/Getty Images; pages 8–9, Dave Reede/<br />
Getty Images; page 10, Peter Carroll/Getty Images; page<br />
11, Christopher Pillitz/Getty Images; pages 12–13, The<br />
India Today Group/Getty Images; page 15, Yasbant Negi/<br />
The India Today Group/Getty Images; pages 16–17,<br />
ChinaFotoPress/Getty Images; page 19, Nelson Ching/<br />
Bloomberg/Getty Images; page 21, Heidi Wideroe/<br />
Bloomberg/Getty Images; page 23, Susan Schulman/Getty<br />
Images; pages 24–25, Sean Gallup/Getty Images; page<br />
27, Alastair Miller/Getty Images; pages 28–29, Benjamin<br />
Lowy/Getty Images; page 31, Ronaldo Schemidt/AFP/Getty<br />
Images; pages 32–33, John Moore/Getty Images; pages<br />
36–37, Steve Allen/Getty Images; page 38, Martin Harvey/<br />
Getty Images; pages 40–41, Adrian Pope/Getty Images;<br />
pages 44–45, Daniel Acker/Bloomberg/Getty Images;<br />
pages 47, Jose Cendon/Bloomberg/Getty Images; page 48,<br />
Shashank Bengali/MCT/Getty Images; pages 50–51, Design<br />
Pics/Deddeda/Getty Images; page 53, John Moore/Getty<br />
Images; page 54, Don Mason/Getty Images; page 56, Scott<br />
Olson/Getty Images; page 57, AP Photo/Liu Jin; page 58,<br />
Teh Eng Koon/AFP/Getty Images; page 62 (inset), Rochelle<br />
Cheever; pages 62–63, Walter Astrada/AFP/Getty Images;<br />
page 64, Abedin Qupevam, Karar Zunaid Ahsan; pages<br />
65-66, Francesca Torchi; page 67, Eikon Studio; page 68,<br />
ChinaFotoPress/Getty Images; page 68, ChinaFotoPress/<br />
Getty Images; page 70, Jonathan Keller; page 71, Jonathan<br />
Keller, Ariana Lindquist; page 72, Jonathan Keller; pages<br />
73–77, Kaveh Sardari; page 89, Givaudan Fragrances Corp.;<br />
pages 94, 97, 109, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 126 and 128,<br />
Kaveh Sardari<br />
Letters and inquiries should be sent to:<br />
Managing Editor, <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
1740 Massachusetts Ave., N.W.<br />
Washington, D.C. 20036<br />
©2011 by The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced<br />
International Studies of the Johns Hopkins<br />
University. All rights reserved. Printed in the<br />
United States of America.<br />
awardS<br />
FOLIO: Ozzie Award<br />
(Best Use of Black and White Photography,<br />
Association/Nonprofit)<br />
FOLIO: Ozzie Award<br />
(Best Supplement, Annual or One-Shot,<br />
Association/Nonprofit)<br />
Educational Advertising<br />
Awards: Gold Winner<br />
(Internal Publication for a Graduate School)<br />
www.sais-jhu.edu<br />
Departments<br />
3 A Message From the Dean<br />
60 The Bookcase: Recent<br />
Faculty Publications<br />
62 Update From the Bologna Center<br />
Odette Boya Resta<br />
68 Update From the<br />
Hopkins-Nanjing Center<br />
Jason D. Patent<br />
73 Leaders for the Future: Putting<br />
Degrees in Reach for All Students<br />
79 Alumni News & Notes<br />
94 What We’ve Heard<br />
108 Thank-You’s
A Message From the Dean<br />
Jessica P. Einhorn ’70<br />
Year of<br />
Agriculture<br />
at<strong>SAIS</strong><br />
When I joined <strong>SAIS</strong> as dean<br />
in June 2002, I was quickly<br />
introduced to the summer<br />
activity of planning for the<br />
next year’s <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE. Each<br />
year in July, a group of us come<br />
together to select a topic for the<br />
school’s flagship publication that would be of interest to<br />
our <strong>SAIS</strong> community authors and our readers. On my<br />
arrival, we initiated an issue on “Leadership,” and then<br />
came “Diplomacy” and then “Regions.”<br />
In those early years, the annual magazine<br />
was a standalone project. But in<br />
2004, when we celebrated <strong>SAIS</strong>’s 60th<br />
anniversary, we discovered the sense<br />
of community that comes from sharing<br />
a special occasion. It was the seed that<br />
sprouted into a new practice during my<br />
deanship.<br />
Today, <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE has evolved into<br />
a publication that explores the subject<br />
we choose as a substantive theme for<br />
the academic year. These “Year of” top-<br />
ics are reflected in events, large and<br />
small, hosted by all the academic parts<br />
of the school as well as by the dean—<br />
frequently with philanthropic support<br />
to facilitate a major academic conference<br />
or academic travel by students.<br />
These themes have taken root because<br />
the soil of <strong>SAIS</strong> is fertile with curiosity,<br />
entrepreneurship and grassroots<br />
activities.<br />
Each theme is meant to highlight<br />
a subject that is of great importance<br />
2011–2012 3
in international relations—and often<br />
multidisciplinary in scope. We learn<br />
together by examining the many different<br />
functional and regional perspectives<br />
on these big topics, which become<br />
manageable as we break them down<br />
across programs and then put the pieces<br />
together again through integrative<br />
learning. Although our typical student<br />
enjoys only two years of studies at the<br />
school, the <strong>SAIS</strong> community grows in<br />
its cumulative understanding. Starting<br />
with “Energy,” our “Year of” themes<br />
have included “China” (when we celebrated<br />
the 20th anniversary of our<br />
Nanjing campus), “Elections,” “Water,”<br />
“Religion” and “Demography.”<br />
This is my 10th and last year as dean<br />
of <strong>SAIS</strong> and, as you can imagine, I was<br />
eager for a topic that would have major<br />
implications for global affairs in coming<br />
decades. The “Year of Agriculture” fills<br />
that bill. In fact, agriculture is so important<br />
in international relations that I felt<br />
obliged to defer the topic until <strong>SAIS</strong> had<br />
its own thought leader in residence.<br />
It is my pleasure to introduce Robert<br />
“Bob” L. Thompson, who joined <strong>SAIS</strong><br />
last summer as a visiting scholar. With<br />
a doctorate in agricultural economics,<br />
he has forged a distinguished career<br />
marked by academic distinction as well<br />
as practical engagement, as president<br />
and chief executive officer of Winrock<br />
International Institute for Agricultural<br />
Development and director of rural<br />
development at the World Bank.<br />
At <strong>SAIS</strong>, Thompson will help us<br />
develop an agriculture-focused curriculum,<br />
blazing the trail to restore<br />
agriculture to its rightful place in international<br />
studies. The school is blessed<br />
with alumni advisers who are leaders<br />
in the modern fields of agricultural<br />
commerce and investment and who<br />
have field experience among the rural<br />
poor in developing countries. And with<br />
David Jhirad, director of the Energy,<br />
Resources and Environment Program,<br />
4 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
Thompson will have a welcoming<br />
home for deepening our understanding<br />
of the agricultural slope in what we<br />
might term “the iron triangle of climate<br />
change”—linking energy, water and<br />
agriculture. My heartfelt thanks to our<br />
team of volunteer donors who originated<br />
the idea of raising funds so <strong>SAIS</strong><br />
could offer Thompson a base for the<br />
coming two years, during the transition<br />
in deans.<br />
I will defer to Bob Thompson’s<br />
opening essay to set the overview for<br />
this volume, with just a closing comment.<br />
Many in our community may<br />
be tempted to skip over the increasing<br />
amount of daily news about agriculture,<br />
in its many dimensions. I hope the current<br />
issue of <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE will provide<br />
a bridge to this hugely important area<br />
of international relations. As I write in<br />
August, widespread and horrific famine<br />
is extending outward from Somalia,<br />
and record flooding in the United States<br />
is under careful watch for its effects<br />
on both the size and cost of upcoming<br />
harvest crops. From China to the<br />
Middle East and well beyond, each day’s<br />
news carries reports on price controls,<br />
subsidies or inflated food prices, with<br />
the political risks those policies entail.<br />
Agriculture is key to understanding the<br />
foreign policy of nations.<br />
From China to the Middle East and well beyond, each day’s news<br />
carries reports on price controls, subsidies or inflated food<br />
prices, with the political risks those policies entail. Agriculture<br />
is key to understanding the foreign policy of nations.<br />
Thompson offers a comprehensive<br />
overview of the challenges we face in<br />
agriculture in the coming decades.<br />
He explains how agriculture interacts<br />
with water, climate change and demographics<br />
to pose an enormous threat<br />
to food security and, thus, security<br />
more broadly defined. Both poverty<br />
and wealth add to demands for food,<br />
and the response depends critically<br />
on investments in adaptive research to<br />
increase productivity in the multitude<br />
of agroecosystems. Tackling rural poverty<br />
will be the gateway to enhancing<br />
food supplies to meet the extraordinary<br />
population growth of our era.<br />
Walter Andersen describes the historical<br />
and political background of low<br />
productivity in Indian agriculture—the<br />
result of efforts to protect and subsidize<br />
farmers. India needs market-based<br />
reform and development-oriented<br />
investments in the sector to enhance<br />
performance and improve outcomes for<br />
the poor.<br />
In China, there are challenges ahead<br />
as the nation acts on its comparative<br />
advantage in growing certain agricultural<br />
products and moves away from<br />
traditional approaches to food security<br />
and land ownership. Pieter Bottelier<br />
traces China’s astounding economic<br />
development through the dramatic<br />
changes in agricultural productivity<br />
and rural migration.<br />
Marc Cohen tracks agriculture’s<br />
place on the international development<br />
agenda since World War II. He explains<br />
the factors that led to the decline in<br />
interest and funding for that sector<br />
from 1987 to 2003. But agriculture<br />
remains central to alleviating poverty,<br />
managing the environment and producing<br />
sufficient food for a burgeoning<br />
global population. In that context,<br />
renewed interest in a refreshed agenda<br />
is most welcome.<br />
Many observers believe high agricultural<br />
prices hurt developing countries.<br />
David Fowkes disputes that notion,<br />
describing instead the exciting growth<br />
opportunities of agricultural production<br />
in the 21st century. In a fascinating<br />
review of Argentina’s riches to rags and<br />
back to riches history, he shows how<br />
agriculture has reclaimed its place from<br />
manufacturing as an engine of growth<br />
in our time.<br />
The countries of Latin America<br />
illustrate the impact of the commodity<br />
boom, which has created a great divide<br />
between winners, such as Argentina<br />
and Brazil, and losers, including smaller<br />
countries or populations engaged<br />
in subsistence farming. Francisco<br />
González examines how the exploding<br />
demand for food in fast-growing countries<br />
in Asia and the diversion of food<br />
supplies to biofuels have caused a surge<br />
in global food prices.<br />
Terry Hopmann reviews the great<br />
body of evidence linking food insecurity<br />
and protracted social conflicts. We
discover that conflict causes food insecurity—especially<br />
in the many areas<br />
afflicted with these conflicts. Effective<br />
processes of conflict resolution emerge<br />
as an important element in reversing<br />
world hunger and its companion, environmental<br />
destruction.<br />
Tabitha Grace Mallory focuses on<br />
the important topic of global fisheries<br />
as a huge food source. China is the<br />
world’s largest producer of seafood<br />
and provides an excellent case study<br />
in policies relating to near seas, distant<br />
seas and the industry of aquaculture.<br />
The international law and institutional<br />
framework for managing the oceans’<br />
resources emerges as a crucial component<br />
of any strategy for building our<br />
renewable resources from the sea.<br />
In traditional land farming, depletion<br />
of groundwater is a universal concern.<br />
Srinivasan Padmanabhan points<br />
to the destructive cycle of waste in the<br />
way Indian agriculture is supported by<br />
overuse of subsidized and unreliable<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong> graduate Robert Tetro ’71<br />
captured this image of a<br />
Thai woman transplanting rice.<br />
electricity to pump freshwater at rates<br />
that lead to unsustainable declines in<br />
groundwater levels. The “iron triangle”<br />
of agriculture, water and energy is badly<br />
mismanaged in a system that traps a<br />
large percentage of the rural population<br />
in poverty.<br />
Rising fossil fuel prices are driving<br />
a greater reliance on biofuels. Charles<br />
Pearson discusses how mandates for<br />
biofuels can lead to the double jeopardy<br />
of global warming and reduced food<br />
supply. Although there is no definitive<br />
answer to how much damage is being<br />
done, we know enough to enhance our<br />
agriculture with a much more selective<br />
approach to biofuels policy.<br />
Guy Pfeffermann and Nora Brown<br />
look at the links in the value chain of<br />
agriculture in Africa and their major<br />
impact on the manufacturing, service<br />
and export sectors. With development<br />
aid shifted away from agriculture,<br />
agribusiness offers great opportunities—especially<br />
if a new generation<br />
of agribusiness entrepreneurs and<br />
managers receive the business education<br />
they need.<br />
Michael Plummer and Dalila<br />
Cervantes-Godoy review the economic<br />
literature to demonstrate the centrality<br />
of agricultural development to<br />
growth that, in turn, lessens poverty.<br />
Historically, higher productivity correlates<br />
closely with a greater reduction in<br />
poverty. The transmission mechanisms<br />
include effects both direct and indirect<br />
(economic activity outside the sector).<br />
The goal of food security is best attained<br />
through increased income for the poor<br />
from sources other than agriculture.<br />
In the coming years of this new<br />
century, food geopolitics is poised to<br />
outrank energy politics as a source of<br />
national security concerns. Mariano<br />
Turzi enumerates the demographic<br />
changes that have pushed the world into<br />
a “new age of geopolitical competition,”<br />
as countries whose demand for food<br />
outstrips supply seek other ways to provide<br />
food security to their populations.<br />
Finally, Ruth Wedgwood and Tiffany<br />
Basciano survey the international covenants,<br />
codes and guidelines that apply<br />
human rights criteria to judging foreign<br />
investment in large-scale agriculture,<br />
particularly in Africa. They note that<br />
even where standards are not legally<br />
binding, the “practical cost of disregard”<br />
needs to be calculated.<br />
As I look back on past editions of<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE, I congratulate all my colleagues<br />
at <strong>SAIS</strong>. Each year, the themes<br />
have been well chosen, and together<br />
they have helped us understand the rich<br />
landscape of international relations in<br />
what we still call “the new century.” In<br />
addition, the magazine showcases the<br />
relevance of the <strong>SAIS</strong> intellectual tradition<br />
through the perspectives of our faculty,<br />
graduates and students. I know of<br />
no other alumni publication that takes<br />
its articles and the care with which they<br />
are presented to the community more<br />
seriously, and <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE is consistently<br />
recognized as the best in its class.<br />
As we observe the “Year of Agriculture,”<br />
this issue of <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE is one of<br />
our “fruits”—a colorful and enlightening<br />
gift of our community. I look forward<br />
to future editions and thank you<br />
for your support. n<br />
2011–2012 5
A Tall Order for<br />
Agric<br />
6 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE
ulture<br />
Can a single sector feed the world, reduce<br />
poverty and promote economic growth?<br />
It is a tough row to hoe, but in the wake<br />
of extreme weather, crop failures and<br />
high food prices, anxious organizations<br />
and nations are turning to agriculture<br />
for answers. The task: to roughly double<br />
food production by 2050—when the global population<br />
is expected to reach 9 billion people—in a reliable,<br />
environmentally sustainable way at a reasonable cost.<br />
w That will require improving crop yields, managing limited<br />
oil and water supplies, developing drought-resistant<br />
crops, encouraging aquaculture, increasing production in<br />
poor countries, dealing with deforestation, and avoiding<br />
conflicts between nations over land and resources.<br />
w If agriculture can surmount these and other significant<br />
challenges, it will truly plant seeds of change.<br />
2011–2012 7
Gaining<br />
Ground?<br />
By Robert L. Thompson<br />
The world is making<br />
strides in achieving global<br />
food security. But the race to<br />
double farm production and feed<br />
everyone by mid-century will<br />
demand an international<br />
commitment to agricultural and<br />
rural development.<br />
With the global population projected to grow by 2.6<br />
billion between now and 2050, farmers everywhere<br />
will be asked to increase production sufficiently to feed<br />
the equivalent of two more Chinas. Add in the effect of<br />
broad-based economic growth in low-income countries<br />
that empowers poor people to consume greater<br />
quantities of meat. Then consider the growing use of<br />
agricultural products as raw materials from which to produce biofuels. The<br />
result? World demand for agricultural products may double between now and<br />
the middle of this century—but by then there will be at most 10 percent more<br />
land and less freshwater available.
Resource Constraints on Food Supply<br />
There are only two ways to expand agricultural<br />
production: Increase the area<br />
planted (which, where climate permits,<br />
might include producing more than<br />
one crop on the same land each year),<br />
or increase the production per unit of<br />
land. Worldwide, farmers could double<br />
the number of hectares (one hectare<br />
is 2.47 acres) of land in production;<br />
however, there is only about 10 percent<br />
more potentially arable land that is not<br />
forested, highly erodible or subject to<br />
desertification. Expansion beyond this<br />
land would involve massive destruction<br />
of forests and, with them, wildlife<br />
habitat, biodiversity and carbon sequestration<br />
capacity, all while accelerating<br />
global warming.<br />
Most of the potentially arable land<br />
is inferior to that already in production<br />
and is located in remote areas of<br />
Sub-Saharan Africa and South America,<br />
which have minimal infrastructure. To<br />
sustainably double agricultural production<br />
will require most of the increase to<br />
come from greater production per unit<br />
of land already in cultivation.<br />
Availability of freshwater for agriculture<br />
may become an even larger<br />
constraint to doubling production than<br />
land availability. Farmers account for<br />
about 70 percent of the freshwater used<br />
in the world. With more than half of the<br />
world’s population living in cities now,<br />
a number projected to rise to 70 percent<br />
by 2050, the world’s farmers will no<br />
longer have access to 70 percent of the<br />
freshwater. Cities will outbid farmers<br />
for available water. Whereas farmers<br />
may have to double the average productivity<br />
of land already in agricultural<br />
production, they may have to triple the<br />
“crop per drop,” the output per unit of<br />
freshwater they use.<br />
Food Productivity and Security<br />
There are great differences among<br />
regions of the world in crop yields,<br />
which reflect differences in genetic<br />
potential embodied in the seeds<br />
planted, availability of water from precipitation<br />
or irrigation, adequacy of the<br />
nutrition available to the plants from<br />
the soil or fertilizer, and effectiveness<br />
of the control of weeds, insects, birds<br />
and diseases that reduce productivity<br />
Year of<br />
Agriculture<br />
at<strong>SAIS</strong><br />
relative to potential. The regional disparities<br />
in crop yields suggest it should<br />
be possible to significantly increase<br />
productivity per unit of land. With their<br />
low yields, many low-income countries’<br />
farm sectors contribute significantly<br />
less to their national food supply and<br />
global food security than they could.<br />
A century ago, cereal grain yields in<br />
Western Europe and the United States<br />
were not much higher than the low<br />
levels found in Sub-Saharan Africa<br />
today. The sizable gains in productivity<br />
since then have reduced the unit cost<br />
of production and have kept the price<br />
of food lower to the great benefit of<br />
poor consumers, who spend the largest<br />
fraction of their incomes on food. This<br />
has lessened the incidence of famine in<br />
the world and has allowed millions of<br />
hectares of trees to remain standing in<br />
the forests instead of being cut to make<br />
way for cultivation.<br />
Reducing Farm Household Poverty<br />
The majority of the world’s agricultural<br />
production takes place on family farms,<br />
where household members perform<br />
most of the labor. In addition to providing<br />
part of the family’s annual food<br />
supply, farming gives the household<br />
cash income—receipts from selling its<br />
products minus what it pays for production<br />
inputs (such as seed, fertilizer,<br />
pesticides and fuel) and hired labor.<br />
Most farm households earn significantly<br />
less than households whose<br />
income derives from other economic<br />
activities. In fact, 70 percent of the<br />
extreme poverty and associated hunger<br />
in the world is in rural areas, and most<br />
of the rural poor derive their meager<br />
incomes from farming.<br />
There are only five ways to lift lowincome<br />
farm households out of their<br />
poverty (other than from social welfare<br />
support, which rarely exists in rural<br />
areas of poor countries): Increase the<br />
productivity per hectare of land used<br />
in producing the crops being grown;<br />
change the mix of what is produced to<br />
crops with higher value per hectare; get<br />
access to more land (through purchase,<br />
rental or land reform) or other incomegenerating<br />
assets; opt for one or more<br />
members of the farm household to<br />
2011–2012 9
obtain a nonfarm source of income; or<br />
exit farming completely and move to<br />
employment elsewhere.<br />
Migration out of agriculture to<br />
nonfarm employment is a normal and<br />
essential element of economic growth<br />
and poverty reduction. By reducing the<br />
number of people trying to make a living<br />
on uneconomically small pieces of<br />
land, outmigration creates the opportunity<br />
for both those who leave agriculture<br />
as well as those who stay behind<br />
to have higher incomes. In the normal<br />
course of economic development, first<br />
the fraction of the workforce and eventually<br />
the absolute number of people<br />
engaged in agriculture must decline.<br />
Rural to urban migration is driven<br />
principally by the desire of those who<br />
migrate to escape poverty and secure a<br />
better quality of life —at least for their<br />
children than is possible within either<br />
agriculture or the nonfarm economy<br />
of the rural community they left. To<br />
avoid urban problems of overcrowding,<br />
unemployment, crime and pollution<br />
associated with excessive rural-to-urban<br />
migration, it is essential to create more<br />
nonfarm job opportunities within the<br />
rural communities and smaller cities dispersed<br />
through a low-income country.<br />
Rural Development: Farm and Nonfarm<br />
The objective of rural development in<br />
poor countries is to reduce poverty and<br />
hunger and improve the quality of life<br />
in general in nonurban areas, where the<br />
majority of poverty is found. Increasing<br />
productivity in agriculture is essential<br />
and will contribute to greater national<br />
food security and to the global supply of<br />
food. However, this is only part of rural<br />
development, which must also diversify<br />
the economic base of rural communities<br />
by creating nonfarm earning<br />
opportunities. This has an additional<br />
benefit to national economic development.<br />
The national income multiplier<br />
associated with increments to income in<br />
rural communities is higher than from<br />
increases in urban residents’ incomes.<br />
Only the private sector can create<br />
enough jobs to solve the problem of poverty<br />
in low-income countries’ rural or<br />
urban areas; however, government needs<br />
to provide a positive investment climate<br />
before either local or international inves-<br />
10 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
tors supply capital to create these jobs.<br />
There must be reasonable macroeconomic<br />
and political stability, rule of law,<br />
definition and protection of property<br />
rights, and enforcement of contracts.<br />
In addition, investments in a number<br />
of rural public goods need to be<br />
made—by the public sector, official<br />
development assistance (foreign aid),<br />
international development bank lending<br />
or a combination of these sources.<br />
Investments in rural infrastructure,<br />
education, health, and agricultural<br />
research and technology transfer are<br />
required to solve the problem of rural<br />
poverty through development of both<br />
agriculture and the nonfarm sector.<br />
Education and health services are<br />
much less available in rural areas of<br />
most low-income countries than in the<br />
cities. Many areas lack safe drinking<br />
water and sanitation. Waterborne diseases<br />
are rampant. Permanent stunting<br />
of mental and physical development<br />
from nutritional deficiencies of young<br />
children is common. There might be no<br />
locally available source of certain essential<br />
nutrients in the diet, for example,<br />
vitamin A, iron, iodine or zinc.<br />
Illiteracy is widespread in the farm<br />
population of low-income countries,<br />
particularly among women. Educating<br />
girls is one of the most effective ways to<br />
reduce the rate of population growth,<br />
and better education of the farmers<br />
of the future facilitates adoption of<br />
improved agricultural techniques. Outmigration<br />
from agriculture to nonfarm<br />
employment is far easier between generations<br />
than within any generation,<br />
yet educational opportunities are much<br />
more limited for children in rural areas<br />
compared with urban children.<br />
The poor quality of roads, if they<br />
exist at all, impedes rural development<br />
by raising the cost of transporting<br />
goods and people to and from the<br />
area. Most improved technologies are<br />
embodied in inputs the farmer must<br />
purchase. High transport cost raises<br />
the cost of inputs and reduces the<br />
price farmers receive for the products<br />
they sell, making it unprofitable to<br />
use technologies that could otherwise<br />
enhance their household income.<br />
Marketing institutions are necessary<br />
to supply farmers with inputs and to<br />
connect farmers to regional and national<br />
markets for their products. There is no<br />
benefit to a farmer’s increasing productivity<br />
or shifting to higher-value-perhectare<br />
crops if no market is ready to<br />
buy the output at a remunerative price.<br />
Finding buyers for their products is a<br />
particular problem for smallholders,<br />
who have only small lots of production<br />
to sell. Securing credit to buy inputs at<br />
planting time is a particular problem to<br />
these landowners who have little or no<br />
collateral to pledge against the loan, if<br />
credit providers exist at all.<br />
Until recently, rural areas of many
low-income countries have had few if<br />
any telecommunication links with the<br />
outside world. Markets do not work<br />
well in an information vacuum, and it<br />
creates opportunities for unscrupulous<br />
middlemen to exploit farmers who<br />
have no way to know the prices in other<br />
markets. This has changed rapidly with<br />
the advent of the cellular telephone and<br />
construction of cell towers throughout<br />
many poor countries. Lack of rural electrification<br />
is also a severe impediment<br />
to development of the nonfarm rural<br />
economy—including food processing<br />
to reduce large post-harvest losses and<br />
delivery of rural health care and educational<br />
services.<br />
Investments in Public Goods<br />
Public investments in agricultural<br />
research have been an important source<br />
of the large differences in crop yields<br />
per hectare observed across regions.<br />
Agricultural technologies tend to be<br />
location-specific. The tools of agricultural<br />
research are highly mobile, but<br />
plant varieties need to be optimized for<br />
each local agroecosystem through adaptive<br />
agricultural research.<br />
With global climate change, all<br />
agroecosystems will be shifting. Larger<br />
investments in adaptive research will be<br />
required to sustain present productivity<br />
levels—not to mention that the average<br />
productivity of land already in use will<br />
need to be doubled.<br />
Public investments in agricultural<br />
research and technology transfer played<br />
a large role in the agricultural development<br />
of the presently high-income<br />
countries that enjoy strong agricultural<br />
productivity levels. Research results<br />
were made freely available, and publicly<br />
supported farmer education programs<br />
were created to encourage their diffusion.<br />
These investments benefited farmers<br />
through higher household incomes<br />
and benefited consumers through<br />
lower-cost food.<br />
The social rates of return on the<br />
public sector’s investments in rural<br />
infrastructure, education, health and<br />
agricultural research are extremely<br />
high. In low-income countries, where,<br />
as noted above, almost three-quarters of<br />
people in extreme poverty and hunger<br />
are in rural areas, the agricultural sec-<br />
tor is contributing less to the national<br />
food supply and to world food security<br />
than is economically efficient and environmentally<br />
sustainable. Nevertheless,<br />
investments in agricultural and rural<br />
development by low-income country<br />
governments, official development<br />
assistance and international development<br />
bank lending declined from the<br />
mid-1980s to negligible levels until a<br />
small turnaround occurred after the<br />
food price spike of 2008.<br />
Moreover, with an eye on keeping<br />
food prices as low as possible for urban<br />
consumers, the governments of many<br />
low-income countries turned the terms<br />
of trade against their farmers through<br />
policy interventions in markets, forcing<br />
them to pay more than the world market<br />
price for their inputs and to receive<br />
less than the world market price for<br />
their output. This reduced the incentive<br />
for farmers to implement productivityenhancing<br />
technologies. In recent<br />
decades, this discrimination against<br />
farmers has been remedied in all parts<br />
of the developing world except Sub-<br />
Saharan Africa and Argentina, where it<br />
continues.<br />
Cutting Hunger in Half<br />
In 2000, the heads of state of more than<br />
200 countries meeting at the United<br />
Nations adopted several Millennium<br />
Development Goals, the first of which<br />
is to cut the incidence of hunger and<br />
poverty in the world by half by 2015.<br />
This goal cannot be achieved unless the<br />
rates are reduced in rural areas, where<br />
the majority of hungry and poor people<br />
reside.<br />
Accomplishing this feat will require<br />
a greatly strengthened commitment to<br />
agricultural and rural development.<br />
With a possible doubling of global<br />
demand for agricultural products in the<br />
first half of the 21st century, the world<br />
needs low-income countries with a history<br />
of underperforming agricultural<br />
sectors to contribute more to their own<br />
and the world’s food supply. Failure to<br />
do so could result in adverse geopolitical<br />
consequences. n<br />
Robert L. Thompson is a visiting scholar<br />
at <strong>SAIS</strong>. He is also a senior fellow at the<br />
Chicago Council on Global Affairs and<br />
a professor emeritus at the University of<br />
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.<br />
2011–2012 11
By Walter K. Andersen<br />
Indian<br />
Agriculture<br />
Wait<br />
Indian policymakers failed to<br />
seriously address agriculture in<br />
the several economic reforms<br />
adopted in the early 1990s<br />
that reduced the powers of the<br />
state and enhanced those of<br />
the market. The unleashing of<br />
Indian entrepreneurial talent produced<br />
gross domestic product (GDP) growth<br />
rates above 8 percent in most years<br />
after 2000, resulting in a surge in trade<br />
and investment and leading to a much<br />
expanded urban middle class.<br />
12 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
ing<br />
for
Reforms
Agriculture—on which approximately<br />
half of the population depends—<br />
generally presents a very different<br />
picture. With low rates of growth, averaging<br />
about 2 percent to 2.5 percent<br />
since 1991, and limited investment,<br />
this sector remains overregulated and<br />
shielded from the global economy. An<br />
earlier era of severe food shortages and<br />
periodic famines has produced a protective<br />
mindset among policymakers;<br />
this mindset has led to setting prices for<br />
farm commodities, subsidizing inputs<br />
and protecting farmers from international<br />
price volatility. The effort to protect<br />
farmers is reinforced by the political<br />
compulsion for votes, which often<br />
overrides the notion of agriculture as an<br />
engine of growth.<br />
The political class talks of “inclusive<br />
growth” for India, but this is<br />
impossible to achieve unless there is<br />
much more robust expansion in agricultural<br />
production. A new approach<br />
depending far more on private enterprise<br />
and a firm-to-farm linkage is<br />
required to expand farm production<br />
significantly.<br />
Greater Farm Output in the ’60s and ’70s<br />
India’s public sector played a pivotal<br />
role during the 1960s and 1970s in the<br />
country’s “green revolution,” which<br />
produced a major expansion in farm<br />
output. The state invested heavily in<br />
agriculture, importing new seeds and<br />
fertilizers, organizing their distribution,<br />
and providing price and market<br />
support on a not-for-profit basis. Output<br />
grew sufficiently to put an end to<br />
the food security concerns that had<br />
periodically produced famines, the<br />
last major one being the Bengal famine<br />
of 1943. India was able to increase<br />
food-grain production from 51 million<br />
tons in 1950–51 to 108.4 million tons<br />
in 1970–71 and 234 million tons in<br />
2008–09.<br />
14 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
The increased income in agriculture<br />
had a significant social and political<br />
impact in rural India, with land ownership<br />
shifting from the higher castes<br />
to the lower peasant castes—termed<br />
appropriately by scholars Lloyd and<br />
Susanne Rudolph as “bullock capitalists”—thus<br />
setting the stage for the rise<br />
of regional parties that depended on the<br />
votes of these assertive farming communities.<br />
The rise of farmer-dependent<br />
parties, however, led to demands for<br />
ever-higher subsidies for fertilizer,<br />
water and electricity as well as favorable<br />
procurement prices for farm products.<br />
Politicians reacted by catering to the<br />
interests of farmers with larger land<br />
holdings, who benefited most from the<br />
subsidies and government-established<br />
To get agriculture out of its present rut will require a move<br />
away from government regulation to the greater reliance on<br />
market forces that other parts of the economy experienced<br />
during the 1990s.<br />
procurement prices. But economists<br />
point out that these subsidies and<br />
price supports have had negative consequences<br />
on long-range growth of<br />
Indian agriculture.<br />
The slow growth of agricultural<br />
production in India over the past two<br />
decades is well documented. One<br />
major cause is that public spending<br />
on marginally effective agricultural<br />
subsidies is crowding out productivityenhancing<br />
investments in agricultural<br />
research and extension as well as<br />
spending on rural infrastructure such<br />
as roads and railway links.<br />
By contrast, many analysts have<br />
noted that China’s earlier investment<br />
in rural infrastructure has resulted in<br />
considerably higher food outputs than<br />
India’s. As recently as 1977, Chinese<br />
and Indian farmers harvested roughly<br />
the same amount of wheat for each<br />
acre they planted. But by 2009, United<br />
Nations data reveal that wheat yields<br />
were 1.7 times higher in China than<br />
in India. India’s agricultural subsidies<br />
have grown rapidly since the early<br />
1980s, and the pace picked up significantly<br />
after 2000. Subsidies on<br />
fertilizers—the largest single subsidy—<br />
increased by more than 500 percent<br />
from 2004–05 to 2008–09. Total subsidies<br />
for fertilizer, water, electricity and<br />
food in that same time period increased<br />
fourfold and amounted to about 4<br />
percent of the country’s GDP of $1.38<br />
trillion in 2009.<br />
The government’s price support system<br />
is another important reason for the<br />
low levels of farm output. While the<br />
pricing system was meant to protect<br />
the farmer from exploitation, it has<br />
often had a negative impact on growth<br />
and on the poor. For example, public<br />
price supports since independence<br />
in 1947 have tended to favor wheat,<br />
encouraging a shift in land use from<br />
pulses (the edible seeds of legumes) to<br />
wheat. Output has dropped and prices<br />
have increased for pulses, the major<br />
source of protein for the poor.<br />
India’s Agricultural Prices Commission<br />
was established to determine<br />
prices that were fair to both producers<br />
and consumers. Political compulsions<br />
from the late 1960s, however,<br />
prompted the commission to set a<br />
purchase price well above the costs of<br />
production of a particular product and,<br />
in some years, close to the open-market<br />
price. The rising prices meant the government<br />
was forced into ever larger<br />
losses in the vast public distribution<br />
system intended to provide subsidized<br />
food for the poor. As a consequence,<br />
the rural poor suffered. Very few fairprice<br />
shops are in rural areas, so these<br />
people were forced to pay higher prices<br />
for their staple foods on the open market,<br />
and the number of malnourished<br />
people grew.<br />
Another Green Revolution?<br />
With India’s rapidly expanding population,<br />
its agriculture must do much<br />
better than at present. A handful<br />
of states in India (agriculture is the<br />
responsibility of the state in India’s federal<br />
system), such as the western state<br />
of Gujarat, have performed far above<br />
the national average of 2 percent to<br />
2.5 percent. Over the last several years,<br />
agricultural production in Gujarat has<br />
grown by 8 percent to 10 percent annually,<br />
while states at the other end of the<br />
spectrum, including the north central
state of Uttar Pradesh,<br />
have registered annual<br />
growth rates of between<br />
1 percent and 2 percent.<br />
What did Gujarat do<br />
that other states could<br />
emulate?<br />
Over the past decade,<br />
Gujarat’s developmentoriented<br />
state government<br />
has focused its<br />
agricultural investment<br />
on growth-enhancement<br />
projects: irrigation,<br />
extensive road-building<br />
projects, marketing<br />
cooperatives, extension<br />
programs and related<br />
research conducted at<br />
five agricultural universities.<br />
The state’s farm<br />
product mix has shifted<br />
significantly from grains<br />
to fruits and vegetables<br />
(doubling production in<br />
the decade after 2000)<br />
as well as industrial farm<br />
products such as cotton,<br />
whose production increased from<br />
3 million bales in 2002–03 to about<br />
11 million bales in 2009–10, roughly<br />
one-third of all raw cotton produced in<br />
India. This surge in cotton, fruits and<br />
vegetables is due to a combination of<br />
research (for example, cotton that is<br />
resistant to certain bacteria) and farmer<br />
cooperatives, important in a state where<br />
the average farm size is only 6.5 acres<br />
and even more important nationally,<br />
where the average farm is just 4 acres.<br />
Gujarat is also among the most successful<br />
states in promoting contract<br />
farming, which provides the security of<br />
guaranteed prices along with monitoring<br />
and advice to enhance quality and<br />
productivity. Enabling this growth is a<br />
chief minister who has made economic<br />
development the priority of his regime;<br />
the favorable results have been a factor<br />
in his winning election three times.<br />
On a national scale, although the<br />
original intent of India’s farm price<br />
commissioners was to ensure that<br />
farmers received a fair price, it has<br />
in fact produced a system providing<br />
substantial financial rewards to the<br />
commissioners for limited services as<br />
well as slowing the movement of product<br />
from farm to market. A positive<br />
development for strengthening firmto-farm<br />
connections is the formation<br />
of grocery chains, whose sales have<br />
grown at an average rate of 70 percent<br />
over the past several years, although<br />
admittedly from a low base. They have<br />
started investing in cold-storage facilities<br />
and storage hubs at key transportation<br />
links, developments that could<br />
reduce the huge wastage rate—as high<br />
as 40 percent by some estimates—that<br />
characterizes so much of Indian agriculture.<br />
Foreign-owned food chains<br />
are still prohibited, but there is proposed<br />
legislation to permit the entry of<br />
foreign corporations that could bring<br />
in capital for new technology and offer<br />
a global market for Indian products.<br />
Perhaps the most dramatic example<br />
of the emphasis on protection of the<br />
farmer is the Mahatma Gandhi National<br />
Rural Employment Guarantee Act<br />
enacted in 2005 and designed to provide<br />
100 days’ employment annually to every<br />
rural household. It is projected to cost<br />
more than $9 billion in 2010–11, the<br />
largest such rural employment scheme<br />
anywhere in the world. While such programs<br />
seek to alleviate the poverty that<br />
has fueled a “Maoist”-style violence in<br />
the poorest parts of India, the dilemma<br />
is that these programs also squeeze out<br />
more productive rural expenditures.<br />
To get agriculture out of its present<br />
rut will require a move away from<br />
government regulation to the greater<br />
reliance on market forces that other<br />
parts of the economy experienced during<br />
the 1990s. It will also demand risks<br />
similar to those taken by Prime Minister<br />
Narasimha Rao and his finance<br />
minister (and current prime minister),<br />
Manmohan Singh, in the early<br />
1990s, when they launched the market<br />
reforms that set India on a significantly<br />
faster growth trajectory. Such a move<br />
will take political wile, as it will be<br />
opposed by a powerful combination of<br />
the tens of thousands of small “mom<br />
and pop” grocery shops and cautious<br />
farmers who like the present system of<br />
state protectionism. n<br />
Walter K. Andersen is administrative<br />
director of the South Asia Studies<br />
Program and a professorial lecturer.<br />
2011–2012 15
China’s<br />
Agricultural<br />
The country has transformed its<br />
agricultural sector and the lives of the<br />
rural poor in just three decadesRe<br />
China’s burgeoning middle class is<br />
spending more on meat, fish, dairy<br />
products, fruits and vegetables, sodas,<br />
wine, and all sorts of luxury foods<br />
and drinks. Rapidly rising household<br />
incomes and associated lifestyle<br />
and dietary changes are having<br />
a major impact on the composition of domestic<br />
agricultural output, while reshaping global markets<br />
for agricultural commodities such as corn, soybeans,<br />
beef and poultry after China joined the World Trade<br />
Organization (WTO) in 2001. The changes also are<br />
creating new disease patterns in China. For example,<br />
childhood obesity is on the rise.<br />
Whereas China was traditionally a<br />
grain economy, well over half the value<br />
of agricultural output is now accounted<br />
for by horticulture and animal husbandry.<br />
To illustrate China’s influence<br />
on global food markets: Corn prices in<br />
the United States increased more than<br />
300 percent since 2005 mainly because<br />
of import demand from China, which<br />
needs vast amounts of additional supply<br />
for sweeteners, starch, alcohol and<br />
animal feed.<br />
16 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
Although grape wine has a long<br />
history in China, production was very<br />
small until recently; much semiarid<br />
land in northeastern China is now<br />
used for vineyards that produce a wide<br />
variety of wines, all consumed domestically.<br />
Similarly, the Chinese ate little or<br />
no beef 30 years ago, but China is now<br />
the world’s third-largest beef producer<br />
after the United States and Brazil. Suppliers<br />
to McDonald’s and other fast-food<br />
chains started large commercial potato
volution<br />
By Pieter Bottelier
farms in China in the mid-1990s.<br />
According to the U.S. Department of<br />
Agriculture, China is the main producer<br />
and consumer of rice, wheat, pork,<br />
cotton, peanuts, rapeseed, silk, apples,<br />
pears, peaches, plums, grapes and some<br />
other products. After joining the WTO,<br />
the country became the world’s largest<br />
importer of soybeans (mainly benefiting<br />
Argentina, Brazil and the United<br />
18 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
three decades seems to have escaped<br />
the attention of many China watchers.<br />
The country’s traditional preoccupation<br />
with food security and fears of grain<br />
shortages or famine appear to have<br />
evaporated. Food supply has never<br />
been more abundant and varied than it<br />
is today, even in remote towns and in<br />
years of floods or droughts. However,<br />
food safety has become a major new<br />
The story of the nation’s agricultural transformation is not as<br />
well known as the story of its emergence as the world’s No. 1<br />
producer and exporter of manufactured products.<br />
States) and wood products (benefiting<br />
Canada, Russia, and many countries in<br />
Africa, Asia and Latin America). The<br />
bilateral U.S.-China trade balance is<br />
strongly in China’s favor, but the United<br />
States enjoys a large and growing trade<br />
surplus with China in agricultural<br />
products.<br />
How could all these changes have<br />
happened so quickly? After all, China<br />
was still a very poor, low-productivity,<br />
largely autarkic grain economy when<br />
market reforms started under Communist<br />
Party leader Deng Xiaoping in the<br />
late 1970s, when all farming was still<br />
“collective.” The story of the nation’s<br />
agricultural transformation is not as<br />
well known as the story of its emergence<br />
as the world’s No. 1 producer and<br />
exporter of manufactured products.<br />
The fact that China’s output and<br />
total factor productivity growth in<br />
agriculture outpaced world averages<br />
by wide margins for most of the past<br />
concern, which may explain the rapidly<br />
growing interest in organic farming.<br />
(Internationally, the best-known<br />
example of food-quality tampering in<br />
China is the milk scandal of 2008 that<br />
sickened 300,000 people and killed at<br />
least six infants.)<br />
As a result of vastly improved infrastructure<br />
(rail, road, air, river, port and<br />
telecommunication), storage facilities<br />
and private trading, domestic markets<br />
for agricultural products have become<br />
integrated to the point where regional<br />
price differences can be explained<br />
almost entirely by transportation costs,<br />
as in the United States. China’s agricultural<br />
land tax, an important source of<br />
government revenues (as well as farmer<br />
complaints) for millennia, was abolished<br />
in 2006.<br />
Agricultural research in China is<br />
highly developed, especially in the field<br />
of biotechnology. The use of genetically<br />
modified (GM) seed for nonfood crops<br />
China’s Key Demographic, Employment and Output Indicators<br />
1952 1978 2009<br />
Population (% of total)<br />
Urban population (China’s definition) 12.5 17.9 46.6<br />
Rural population<br />
Employment (% of total employed)<br />
87.5 82.1 53.4<br />
Primary industry (agriculture, forestry, fisheries) 83.5 70.5 38.1<br />
Secondary industry (manufacturing, construction, mining) 7.4 17.3 27.8<br />
Tertiary industry (services)<br />
Production (% of total)<br />
9.1 12.2 34.1<br />
Primary industry (agriculture, forestry, fisheries) 50.5 28.1 10.3<br />
Secondary industry (manufacturing, construction, mining) 20.9 48.2 46.3<br />
Tertiary industry (services) 28.6 23.7 43.4<br />
Source: China Statistical Yearbook 2010<br />
(mainly cotton) has been common<br />
since the late 1990s, but for biosafety<br />
and other reasons (including rejection<br />
by the EU), Beijing has been reluctant<br />
to approve GM food crops. Nonetheless,<br />
GM corn and rice were recently<br />
approved—subject to further testing<br />
and certification. Genetically modified<br />
seed for minor food plants such<br />
as papaya, tomato and bell pepper was<br />
approved earlier.<br />
Market Reforms in Rural China<br />
Deng’s economic reforms started in<br />
rural China. By 1983 they had resulted<br />
in the complete de-collectivization<br />
of agriculture and in annual income<br />
growth of more than 10 percent for<br />
most farmers, who then accounted<br />
for the bulk of the total population.<br />
The new system for agriculture, the<br />
“Household Responsibility System,”<br />
allowed individual farm families (on<br />
plots leased from the local village<br />
committee) to sell on the free market<br />
whatever they could produce in excess<br />
of their plan quota sold at the official<br />
government price. It was an extremely<br />
successful incentive-based system.<br />
Until the mid-1980s, rural incomes<br />
grew much faster than urban incomes.<br />
The reverse happened most years<br />
thereafter, and by 2010 average per<br />
capita urban incomes were more than<br />
2.8 times as high as average per capita<br />
rural incomes, perhaps a world record.<br />
That is how market reforms quickly<br />
became popular in China and spread<br />
to other parts of the economy, including<br />
state-owned industrial enterprises<br />
in urban areas. In the meantime, as<br />
a result of internal migration and<br />
industrialization, the share of gross<br />
domestic product (GDP) and employment<br />
accounted for by agriculture<br />
declined rapidly. China’s population<br />
is now about 50 percent urbanized,<br />
and the contribution of agriculture to<br />
GDP has fallen below 10 percent. (The<br />
comparable number for India is about<br />
20 percent.) Even in rural areas, nonagricultural<br />
activities now account for<br />
at least half of output and employment.<br />
The chart at left shows the structural<br />
shifts that occurred between 1952 and<br />
2009 (the last year for which complete<br />
national accounts are available).
When, as a result of market reforms,<br />
agricultural productivity began to rise<br />
steeply in the early 1980s, surplus labor<br />
began to move away from the farm, first<br />
to emerging rural industries—usually<br />
collectively owned—in nearby towns<br />
and later, from the early 1990s, to the<br />
big cities in eastern China, where the<br />
demand for cheap labor was exploding.<br />
China’s total migrant population living<br />
in urban areas, often without access<br />
to subsidized urban services such as<br />
health and education (because many<br />
lack a permanent urban registration<br />
certificate, or hukou), is estimated at<br />
175 million. The share of agricultural<br />
employment in China today is about<br />
one-third, roughly the same as in Japan<br />
in 1960 and South Korea in 1970. The<br />
migration of agricultural surplus labor<br />
to higher-productivity jobs will continue<br />
for at least another decade, supporting<br />
high economic growth for the<br />
country as a whole.<br />
Food Security and International Trade<br />
China’s traditional preoccupation with<br />
food security—which means grain selfsufficiency—is<br />
more easily understood<br />
when one realizes the country’s share of<br />
the world’s arable land and freshwater<br />
resources (7 percent in both instances)<br />
is only a fraction of the country’s share<br />
of the global population (20 percent).<br />
Joining the WTO was a breakthrough<br />
of historical importance for China and<br />
the world for many reasons, including<br />
confirmation of China’s willingness<br />
to increase its dependence on international<br />
trade for food security. Most<br />
agricultural trade, both imports and<br />
exports, is now relatively unrestricted.<br />
But for basic food grains, including<br />
wheat, corn and rice, China continues<br />
to aim at 95 percent self-sufficiency.<br />
The recent surge in corn imports,<br />
however, suggests Beijing is willing to<br />
compromise.<br />
Increased reliance on imports for<br />
wheat and corn is in the country’s<br />
long-term interest. Those grains are<br />
mostly grown on irrigated fields in<br />
northeastern China, where the shortage<br />
of surface and groundwater has become<br />
acute. China has no comparative<br />
advantage in the production of those<br />
grains, as it has for rice. Rice yields<br />
in irrigated fields in southern China,<br />
where water resources are still relatively<br />
abundant, are typically among the highest<br />
in the world.<br />
It would be better for China—and<br />
for the world—if it used scarce water<br />
resources in the Northeast for the production<br />
of fruits, vegetables, fish and<br />
poultry (products that typically require<br />
much less water and land per dollar of<br />
value added than course grains) and<br />
exported those products to pay for grain<br />
imported from Argentina, Canada, the<br />
United States and other countries that<br />
do have a comparative advantage.<br />
China should also use more “virtual<br />
water” embedded in imported grains<br />
and other products. (For an explanation<br />
of how trade in virtual water can<br />
help alleviate regional water shortages,<br />
see “Water and Development”<br />
by this author in the 2008 issue of<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE.)<br />
By joining WTO and opening to<br />
international trade in agricultural<br />
products, China can make more efficient<br />
use of scarce water resources in<br />
the Northeast, home to more than 300<br />
million people—and thereby achieve<br />
higher income growth for farmers and<br />
more jobs in horticulture and animal<br />
husbandry, a win-win for all.<br />
Agriculture Versus Urban Development<br />
Preserving agricultural land is an ongoing<br />
struggle in China, especially in light<br />
of the claim on land for urban development.<br />
As in Hong Kong, there is no<br />
private land ownership in (mainland)<br />
China. Since 1987, urban land, owned<br />
and administered by local governments,<br />
has been made available on the basis<br />
2011–2012 19
of long-term leases, usually 70 years,<br />
that are typically tradable. Agricultural<br />
land leases, typically 30 years, for individual<br />
farms are administered by village<br />
committees.<br />
These factors mean the state—<br />
or local governments acting on its<br />
behalf—is directly responsible for land<br />
conservation. The central government<br />
in Beijing has ordered local governments<br />
to strictly limit the rezoning of<br />
agricultural land for urban purposes,<br />
but the policy is hard to enforce. Local<br />
governments have a strong financial<br />
incentive to acquire agricultural land<br />
for development, as they can cash in<br />
on the huge difference between the<br />
compensation price and the rezoned<br />
property’s commercial value.<br />
In the absence of private land ownership<br />
and rural land markets, farmers<br />
tend to get the short end of the stick<br />
in the rezoning of their land for urban<br />
purposes. The regulated compensation<br />
price is calculated as the present value of<br />
future agricultural income. The lack of<br />
legal recourse against the acquisition<br />
of farmland for urban development,<br />
together with inadequate compensation,<br />
is probably the most important<br />
source of thousands of often violent<br />
rural protests in China every year.<br />
In response to those problems, some<br />
cities have begun to experiment with<br />
different compensation methods—for<br />
example, giving farmers shares in<br />
companies that will use their land for<br />
commercial projects, such as shopping<br />
malls or apartment complexes.<br />
In the long run, China may return<br />
to a system of private land ownership,<br />
but—though much debated in<br />
academic circles—it remains a highly<br />
charged subject, and no major changes<br />
are expected anytime soon. The issue<br />
of land ownership is so controversial<br />
in China because the Communist<br />
revolution was based, in part, on the<br />
redistribution of large land holdings to<br />
the many millions of landless farmers<br />
20 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
who worked for landlords, often under<br />
conditions of semi-serfdom.<br />
The nearest thing to private ownership<br />
of agricultural land that might<br />
occur is the conversion of long-term<br />
leases into lease contracts of indefinite<br />
duration, combined with full tradability<br />
of user rights and the use of agricultural<br />
land as collateral for bank loans.<br />
A 2008 State Council decision made<br />
that possible in principle, but there has<br />
been no legislative follow-up. Unlike<br />
India, China has few landless farmers;<br />
a return to private land ownership<br />
could re-create conditions that force<br />
many farmers to sell their land to large<br />
landowners.<br />
To increase the supply of agricultural<br />
land and permit the consolidation<br />
of small plots into larger, more efficient<br />
farms, Chongqing and other cities<br />
with significant farmland within their<br />
municipal boundaries are bulldozing<br />
rural village compounds. The cities<br />
house the villagers in urban apartment<br />
complexes while issuing them,<br />
as part of the deal, an urban hukou<br />
to improve their access to subsidized<br />
Unlike India, China has few landless farmers; a return to private<br />
land ownership could re-create conditions that force many<br />
farmers to sell their land to large landowners.<br />
urban services. This can be a source<br />
of enormous friction between farmers<br />
affected by such policies and the local<br />
authorities. China also is trying to<br />
expand its agricultural or grazing land<br />
through land reclamation. The result<br />
of all efforts combined is that the net<br />
loss of agricultural land in recent years<br />
was zero.<br />
China’s rural transformation has<br />
progressed far since the late 1970s but<br />
will not be complete until all agricultural<br />
surplus labor has been absorbed in<br />
alternative, higher-productivity activities;<br />
landowner and land user rights are<br />
secure; and the composition of output<br />
has adjusted to the principles of comparative<br />
advantage, as envisaged under<br />
the World Trade Organization. n<br />
Pieter Bottelier is senior adjunct<br />
professor of China Studies.<br />
Is<br />
Agri<br />
Despite the<br />
emerging<br />
consensus on the<br />
need to<br />
support<br />
agricultural<br />
development, the<br />
question of how<br />
to do so remains<br />
controversial
culture<br />
the<br />
Answer?<br />
By Marc J. Cohen<br />
After decades of neglect, agriculture<br />
is back in a high place on the<br />
international development agenda.<br />
There is now a broad consensus<br />
among development actors that<br />
agriculture plays an essential role in<br />
economic growth, poverty reduction,<br />
conflict resolution and tackling climate change.<br />
Nevertheless, controversy swirls around the question<br />
of how best to achieve agricultural development,<br />
with sharp debates over such issues as land tenure<br />
and optimal farm size, as well as what to cultivate<br />
and where and how to do so.<br />
Year of<br />
Agriculture<br />
at<strong>SAIS</strong><br />
Agriculture has “special powers”<br />
for poverty reduction, the World Bank<br />
noted in its World Development Report<br />
2008: Agriculture for Development.<br />
According to the World Bank, studies<br />
show that economic growth based on<br />
agriculture is at least twice as effective<br />
as other kinds of growth in cutting<br />
poverty.<br />
Agricultural economist John Mellor<br />
explained the reasons for this in a series<br />
of works written between the 1960s<br />
and the 1990s. In poor developing<br />
countries, where agriculture accounts<br />
for a large share of economic activity,<br />
technological change in staple crop<br />
production leads to substantial productivity<br />
gains. This in turn creates more<br />
employment opportunities on the farm,<br />
lower food prices for consumers in<br />
both rural and urban areas, and gains in<br />
farm income (despite lower prices) due<br />
to lower unit costs of production. Rural<br />
people use their higher incomes to<br />
purchase nonfarm goods and services,<br />
thereby stimulating growth throughout<br />
the economy. And finally, continued<br />
productivity gains in agriculture generate<br />
the basis for industrial development<br />
(one Mellor-edited study is titled Agriculture<br />
on the Road to Industrialization).<br />
Mellor’s theory—often referred to as<br />
“agricultural growth linkages”—drew<br />
heavily on evidence from South Asia’s<br />
“green revolution.”<br />
Contemporary development thinking<br />
focuses on poverty reduction as<br />
much as economic growth, as reflected<br />
in the U.N.’s Millennium Development<br />
Goals. According to the U.N. International<br />
Fund for Agricultural Development,<br />
at least 70 percent of the world’s<br />
extremely poor people—those living<br />
on the equivalent of less than $1.25<br />
a day—reside in the rural areas of<br />
developing countries. In Sub-Saharan<br />
Africa and South and Southeast Asia,<br />
the figure is 75 percent or more. Poor<br />
rural dwellers rely on agriculture and<br />
related activities for their livelihoods,<br />
either as members of farming or herding<br />
households or as agricultural,<br />
forestry and fishery workers. Ironically,<br />
according to the U.N. Millennium<br />
Project’s Task Force on Hunger, fully<br />
half of all hungry people live in small-<br />
2011–2012 21
scale farming households. Another 30<br />
percent are fishers, herders or landless<br />
rural people. Despite their ties to agriculture,<br />
they do not produce enough to<br />
meet all of their own food needs and do<br />
not earn enough to buy what they lack.<br />
Investment in agriculture is essential to<br />
freeing these hundreds of millions of<br />
people from what the U.N. has called<br />
the prison of poverty and hunger.<br />
Agriculture also has a bearing on<br />
sustainability. Its environmental footprint<br />
is large; agriculture and forestry<br />
account for some 30 percent of the<br />
greenhouse gas emissions that cause<br />
climate change, and poorly managed<br />
farming practices can contribute to<br />
soil erosion and water pollution. But<br />
post-green revolution agricultural<br />
research has paid much more attention<br />
to sustainable natural resource management<br />
and biodiversity conservation<br />
while still looking at how to boost<br />
productivity. In addition, there are key<br />
agricultural pathways to climate change<br />
mitigation and adaptation, such as<br />
agroforestry (the integrated cultivation<br />
of trees and crops) and adoption of<br />
drought-tolerant crop varieties.<br />
Furthermore, agriculture is implicated<br />
in both conflict and its resolution.<br />
Competition over agricultural<br />
resources such as land and water and<br />
disputes between settled farmers and<br />
pastoralists underlie the intractable<br />
violence in the Darfur region of Sudan<br />
and other places. At the same time, there<br />
is evidence that equitable and sustainable<br />
agricultural development, as in Costa<br />
Rica, can help build a lasting peace.<br />
Down on the Farm<br />
Despite the centrality of agriculture<br />
to both economic growth and poverty<br />
reduction, donors and developingcountry<br />
governments alike have<br />
neglected the issue for much of the<br />
past quarter century. Official development<br />
assistance (ODA) commitments<br />
to agriculture, forestry and fishing<br />
22 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
declined nearly 70 percent in realdollar<br />
terms from 1987 to 2003, falling<br />
from $11.8 billion (in 2009 dollars)<br />
to just $3.6 billion. The share of aid<br />
devoted to these sectors dropped from<br />
9 percent to only 3 percent. For their<br />
part, governments of low-income<br />
countries, in which agriculture usually<br />
plays a dominant economic role,<br />
devote an average of just 4 percent of<br />
their budgets to agriculture (compared<br />
to more than 12 percent to military<br />
spending).<br />
What drove this disregard? There are<br />
a number of factors:<br />
n Governments—in the global North<br />
as well as the South—tend to have<br />
an urban policy and budget bias for<br />
obvious reasons: Urban discontent,<br />
especially in capital cities, can lead<br />
to regime change.<br />
n There is a school of development<br />
thinking that views agriculture as<br />
a backward, sunset activity and<br />
focuses instead on industry, services<br />
and urban development.<br />
n The emphasis in the 1980s and<br />
1990s on gender and development<br />
and sustainability meant a reallocation<br />
of resources away from agriculture,<br />
even though women account<br />
for much of developing-country<br />
food production, and agriculture has<br />
profound implications for natural<br />
resource management.<br />
Investment in agriculture is essential to freeing these<br />
hundreds of millions of people from what the U.N. has called<br />
the prison of poverty and hunger.<br />
n Structural adjustment programs in<br />
the 1980s and 1990s had negative<br />
effects: Particularly in Sub-Saharan<br />
Africa, the dismantling of parastatal<br />
agencies that enjoyed monopoly<br />
control of seeds, fertilizers and<br />
crops often left small-scale farmers<br />
worse off, as the private sector did<br />
not necessarily rush in to fill the<br />
vacuum.<br />
n Some farm groups in donor countries<br />
opposed aid to “competing”<br />
developing-country farmers.<br />
n The failure of donor agricultural<br />
development approaches such as<br />
large-scale rural development projects<br />
bred “agro-skepticism.”<br />
n To some extent, agriculture became<br />
a victim of its own success; the<br />
productivity gains of the 1960s and<br />
1970s in Asia and Latin America led<br />
to a sense of complacency among<br />
donors and policymakers and<br />
brought lower commodity prices<br />
that made agriculture less profitable.<br />
Over the past decade, the pendulum has<br />
swung back toward “agro-optimism.”<br />
In 2003, to tackle deteriorating food<br />
security and rising rural poverty, African<br />
heads of state adopted the Maputo<br />
Declaration, which calls on African<br />
Union member governments to boost<br />
spending on agriculture to 10 percent<br />
of their budgets and strive for 6 percent<br />
annual growth in agriculture. The<br />
World Bank refocused its attention on<br />
agriculture and rural development at<br />
about the same time and solidified this<br />
with its 2008 report, the first in the<br />
series to look at farming since 1982. In<br />
2009, the U.S. government launched<br />
Feed the Future, a three-year, $3.5 billion<br />
global agricultural development<br />
and food security initiative aimed at<br />
supporting efforts owned and led by<br />
developing countries. Other donors<br />
likewise pledged increases in their support<br />
for developing-country agriculture<br />
at the G8 Summit held that year in<br />
L’Aquila, Italy.<br />
This revitalized emphasis on agriculture<br />
is more than rhetorical. In real<br />
terms, ODA commitments for agriculture<br />
rose more than 170 percent<br />
between 2003 and 2009, reaching $9.8<br />
billion (still less than in 1987) and<br />
accounting for 6.5 percent of all aid.<br />
Supporting Agricultural Development<br />
Despite the emerging consensus on<br />
what needs to be done—supporting<br />
agricultural development—the<br />
question of how to do so remains<br />
extremely controversial. Among the<br />
major debates:<br />
n Farm size. Although there is considerable<br />
evidence that, hectare-forhectare,<br />
small-scale farms are more<br />
efficient, market forces and policies<br />
alike tend to favor larger operations.<br />
The vast majority of the world’s<br />
farms (85 percent) are operations
of less than two hectares (about five<br />
acres), supporting some 2 billion<br />
people. But the 0.5 percent of farms<br />
that exceed 100 hectares capture<br />
a disproportionate share of global<br />
farm income, enjoy privileged access<br />
to policymakers and—particularly<br />
in developed countries—receive<br />
generous subsidies. Further, buying<br />
power is increasingly concentrated<br />
in the hands of agribusiness and<br />
other powerful corporate actors that<br />
generally prefer to deal with larger<br />
operators who can deliver sizable<br />
lots of produce.<br />
n “Land grabs.” Seeking to ensure<br />
access to food in an era of high and<br />
volatile prices, investors from China,<br />
India, South Korea and Persian Gulf<br />
states have bought or invested in<br />
tens of millions of hectares of farmland,<br />
mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa.<br />
Although this means food and profits<br />
for the investors, it is not always clear<br />
what the host countries gain from the<br />
deals. In many instances, small-scale<br />
farmers have lost their land without<br />
much compensation.<br />
n Technology. The application of<br />
science to agriculture remains controversial.<br />
Critics point to adverse<br />
environmental and social impacts of<br />
the green revolution, which required<br />
purchased fertilizers and pesticides<br />
to achieve higher yields. Questions<br />
remain about the long-term<br />
environmental and health effects of<br />
genetically engineered seeds, which<br />
go beyond conventional plant breeding<br />
to transfer genes from one species<br />
to another (and among plants,<br />
animals and microorganisms), and<br />
many consumers reject the products<br />
of these seeds. Proponents of hightechnology<br />
approaches argue that<br />
the alternatives—organic agriculture<br />
and reduced reliance on purchased<br />
fertilizer and pesticides—will not<br />
generate sufficient yields to feed a<br />
world of 9 billion people in 2050, are<br />
extremely knowledge-intensive and<br />
will require the clearing of new land,<br />
thereby threatening biodiversity.<br />
n Export versus local food crops.<br />
“Food first” proponents advocate a<br />
focus on staple crop production and<br />
growing food for local and national<br />
markets. But many donors and agri-<br />
cultural economists favor highervalue,<br />
internationally traded crops,<br />
such as fresh fruits and vegetables.<br />
n High- and low-potential areas. The<br />
International Food Policy Research<br />
Institute has found that returns on<br />
rural development investments—in<br />
terms of both economic growth and<br />
poverty reduction—may be higher<br />
in less-favored areas. These are areas<br />
that are disfavored by policy as well<br />
as nature, with poorer-quality soils<br />
and more limited access to markets,<br />
services and infrastructure. The possible<br />
gains are particularly large in<br />
the less-favored zones of China and<br />
India, where additional investments<br />
in high-potential irrigated areas<br />
result in diminishing returns.<br />
Need for Integrated Approaches<br />
Although the controversies over how<br />
to support agricultural development<br />
concern important and difficult issues,<br />
to some extent they reflect either/or<br />
thinking. As the International Institute<br />
for Environment and Development<br />
has shown, it is possible to structure<br />
land deals so they benefit small-scale<br />
2011–2012 23
farmers. This depends on farmers’ having<br />
representative organizations and<br />
deals where farmers and investors alike<br />
are allowed a say in decisions—for<br />
example, joint investment ventures<br />
involving farmer-owned businesses.<br />
Similarly, effective farmer organizations<br />
and cooperatives can improve<br />
cultivators’ bargaining power vis-à-vis<br />
large-scale agribusinesses and allow<br />
them to aggregate small lots of produce<br />
or purchase inputs such as seeds and<br />
fertilizer in bulk.<br />
Integrated approaches to technology<br />
may make the most sense;<br />
integrated pest and soil fertility management<br />
relies primarily on organic<br />
fertilizer and biological pest control<br />
but judiciously employs synthetic<br />
pesticides and mineral fertilizers on<br />
occasion. Genetic engineering in<br />
agriculture remains a hotly contested<br />
topic, however.<br />
On the farm, it is possible to grow<br />
both cash and food crops, and of<br />
course every food crop is a potential<br />
cash crop, whether for local markets or<br />
export. In Central America, East Africa<br />
and Vietnam, small-scale farmers have<br />
grown fresh fruits and vegetables,<br />
thereby boosting their incomes and<br />
also their production of staple foods<br />
for their own families’ consumption<br />
and for the market. Technical knowhow<br />
acquired for the cash crops can be<br />
used on the staples as well.<br />
Finally, Sub-Saharan Africa needs<br />
agricultural investments in both highpotential<br />
and less-favored areas. The<br />
problem in the region is a general lack<br />
of agricultural investment, not neglect<br />
of particular agroecological zones.<br />
Renewed attention to agriculture<br />
in development circles is encouraging,<br />
despite the ongoing controversies.<br />
With virtually all projections indicating<br />
higher food prices for some time<br />
to come, and with poverty likely to<br />
remain concentrated in rural areas for<br />
the foreseeable future, agriculture will<br />
continue to be indispensable to the<br />
development enterprise. n<br />
Marc J. Cohen is a professorial lecturer<br />
in the International Development<br />
Program and senior researcher on<br />
humanitarian policy at Oxfam America.<br />
24 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
HigH<br />
Food Prices and<br />
By David Fowkes
Economic Growth<br />
The debate over rising food prices—rather like<br />
the discussion about the Great Recession—is<br />
dominated by two kinds of arguments. For those<br />
with ascetic tastes, there is the austerity theme: We<br />
are living beyond our means, and rising food prices<br />
presage Malthusian decline. For those impatient<br />
with the jeremiads of scarcity, meanwhile, there is<br />
the promise of intervention: Ingenious technological solutions will<br />
once again raise the carrying capacity of the environment.<br />
2011–2012 25
But both views portray the facts as<br />
essentially negative—either a permanent<br />
problem or a temporary slump,<br />
but still a bad thing. This is unduly<br />
pessimistic. High food prices represent<br />
an exciting opportunity, especially for<br />
developing countries, as a brief review<br />
of 20th-century debates on development<br />
strategy demonstrates.<br />
The most famous example in trade<br />
theory is Portugal and England, wine<br />
and cloth, agricultural produce for<br />
manufactured goods. The theoretical<br />
point, of course, is comparative advantage:<br />
Portugal should be growing grapes<br />
and England weaving cotton because<br />
that produces the maximum amount of<br />
utility. At the end of the 19th century,<br />
this doctrine was in its prime, and perhaps<br />
its most paradigmatic instantiation<br />
was Britain and—not Portugal, but<br />
Argentina. Argentina possessed a huge<br />
endowment of prime agricultural land,<br />
which gave it a tremendous advantage in<br />
producing wheat and beef for sale to the<br />
industrial countries, notably Britain. By<br />
the end of the 19th century, this flourishing<br />
trade had made Argentina one of<br />
the world’s richest countries—wealthier,<br />
per capita, than France, Germany or<br />
Sweden. When the young Argentine<br />
economist Raúl Prebisch was challenged<br />
to explain why his country should not<br />
seek to industrialize behind tariff walls,<br />
like Canada, he had a ready response:<br />
Canada was poorer than Argentina,<br />
with $1,500 per head to Argentina’s<br />
$1,750. Comparative advantage<br />
worked.<br />
That reassuring conclusion, so<br />
pleasingly counterintuitive to noneconomists,<br />
was about to suffer a severe<br />
loss of prestige, and Prebisch would be<br />
a leading architect of its disparagement.<br />
His journey from the “true faith” of free<br />
markets began in the Great Depression<br />
and had as its main waypoint trade<br />
negotiations with Britain. The onset<br />
of the Depression led Britain to adopt<br />
a tariff system giving her colonies first<br />
access to her market, and Argentina<br />
risked being shut out. In 1932, this<br />
26 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
vulnerability forced a London-bound<br />
Argentine delegation, which included<br />
Prebisch, into accepting the Roca-<br />
Runciman Treaty. The deal guaranteed<br />
Argentina a beef sales quota (at a low<br />
level) in exchange for the removal of<br />
tariffs on all British goods and a commitment<br />
to purchase 100 percent of<br />
coal requirements from Britain. The<br />
agreement was widely branded treasonous<br />
in Argentina, but what was the<br />
government to do? Argentina was not<br />
an industrial power but an agricultural,<br />
trading country.<br />
Argentina Bounces Back<br />
Helplessness, however, did not have to<br />
be a permanent condition. The longerrun<br />
alternative was to stop relying on<br />
agriculture and trade. By the 1950s,<br />
Prebisch had found both the intellectual<br />
rationale and the institutional<br />
position to recommend just that policy—and<br />
not merely in Argentina, but<br />
throughout the developing world. The<br />
Prebisch-Singer Hypothesis (developed<br />
independently by another economist,<br />
Hans Singer) settled the Canada-<br />
Argentina debate: The reason it was<br />
better to be industrializing Canada<br />
than agricultural Argentina was that<br />
terms of trade were ineluctably shifting<br />
against agricultural producers because<br />
As the Financial Times explained in a wonderful headline,<br />
“Argentina Is to Import South Korea Cars for Peanuts.”<br />
manufacturers were capable of greater<br />
productivity gains than farmers. Simply,<br />
Britain would be giving up less and<br />
less to buy Argentine beef.<br />
The answer for peripheral agricultural<br />
states was import-substituting<br />
industrialization (ISI): Give local<br />
industrialists a captive market, via<br />
tariffs, so the benefits of industrial<br />
innovation would not be monopolized<br />
by the wealthy center of the world<br />
economy. Prebisch advocated ISI from<br />
his chairman’s seat at the U.N. Economic<br />
Commission for Latin America<br />
(now CEPAL, with the addition of the<br />
Caribbean to the portfolio). And he<br />
was extremely successful: The “ISI era”<br />
has become a staple topic of economic<br />
histories of Latin America.<br />
Unfortunately, Prebisch’s salesmanship<br />
was better than his product. By<br />
the 1980s, ISI had become severely<br />
discredited, and in a very interesting<br />
way. “Exhibit A” was the miraculous<br />
development of East Asia, which had<br />
started its industrializing adventure<br />
poorer than Latin America but had<br />
since effected a humiliating overtaking<br />
maneuver, racing past a region weighed<br />
down by debt crises and hyperinflation.<br />
The gap with Asia showed up the<br />
problem with ISI: Without the discipline<br />
of competition, protected industrialization<br />
just produced second-rate<br />
industries, with customers whose loyalty<br />
depended on the absence of alternatives.<br />
The Asian strategy of exportoriented<br />
industrialization had worked<br />
because it forced producers to attract<br />
foreign consumers in open markets:<br />
If the products were inadequate, there<br />
was no way to compel them to buy.<br />
Furthermore, ISI contained a dangerous<br />
and mostly unanticipated<br />
anti-export bias, owing especially to<br />
overvalued currencies. This export<br />
shortfall obliged the Latin Americans<br />
to borrow foreign exchange to pay for<br />
industrial inputs and staples such as oil,<br />
setting up the region for the debt crisis.<br />
The hard-won lesson was that<br />
import substitution has sharp limits.<br />
Industrialization, however, retained<br />
its prestige. In this respect, the power<br />
of the Prebisch-Singer Hypothesis<br />
persisted: Development success still<br />
meant getting off the land and into<br />
factories. But a major and sustained<br />
rise in food prices, which we are seeing<br />
now, subverts this logic. As the terms of<br />
trade move back in favor of agricultural<br />
producers—thanks to a rising world<br />
population, widespread economic<br />
growth (disposing people to eat more<br />
and better), and a fairly fixed supply<br />
of factors such as land and water—the<br />
developmental prestige of agriculture<br />
deserves a revival.<br />
Once again, Argentina provides an<br />
apt example. The great economic crash<br />
of 2002 was an extraordinary low point<br />
for a country that had already plumbed<br />
so many depths in the 20th century—<br />
falling, in the process, to mere middleincome<br />
status, a far cry from its elevated<br />
position during the Belle Époque.
But the 21st century has since delivered<br />
good news, with an average growth rate<br />
of 7.6 percent from 2003 to 2009, even<br />
in the shadow of the largest sovereign<br />
default in history and a political leadership<br />
capable of unpleasant little tricks<br />
such as falsifying inflation figures and<br />
nationalizing pension funds to get at<br />
peoples’ savings.<br />
The fundamental reason for Argentina’s<br />
impressive rise from the ashes<br />
has been spectacular Asian demand for<br />
commodities, most of all soy. Simply,<br />
the country is back where it was at the<br />
turn of the last century, reaping magnificent<br />
profits by supplying the industrial<br />
world with food. As the Financial Times<br />
explained in a wonderful headline,<br />
“Argentina Is to Import South Korea<br />
Cars for Peanuts.”<br />
The Profit Picture<br />
What are the implications of high food<br />
prices for the development strategies of<br />
“peripheral” countries? It is important<br />
to recognize that there is good news.<br />
Although high food prices have certainly<br />
set off riots and reduced incomes<br />
in real terms, these countries are not<br />
just consumers. A half century ago,<br />
the protest was that low food prices<br />
systematically disadvantaged peripheral<br />
countries, and more recently we have<br />
witnessed bitter and justifiable objections<br />
that Western agricultural subsidies<br />
price the developing world’s farmers out<br />
of the market. What is it to be? Is there<br />
any price for agricultural goods that is<br />
not a threat to developing countries? We<br />
need to recognize that rising prices are a<br />
sign of extra demand, which is good for<br />
producers, many of whom are or could<br />
be in developing countries.<br />
There are also, however, two important<br />
problems with growth based on<br />
agricultural products. The first and<br />
simplest is that monoculture economies<br />
are vulnerable to shocks, which<br />
may also have ruinous political consequences,<br />
as Côte d’Ivoire has shown<br />
in its fall from breadbasket to basket<br />
case, which began in the 1980s with a<br />
crash in cocoa prices. The second is the<br />
connection between agriculture and<br />
inequality. If a Jeffersonian model of<br />
yeomen farmers is viable, this need not<br />
be the case. But if economies of scale—<br />
or crude power politics—dominate, we<br />
should expect rising agricultural prices<br />
to enrich a small land-owning minority.<br />
Why should capital get the rewards and<br />
not labor? As economist Arthur Lewis<br />
long ago explained, the reserve army of<br />
labor waiting in rural areas has a marginal<br />
productivity close to zero, which<br />
helps explain why so many people<br />
have flocked to cities. The combination<br />
of unevenly distributed land with<br />
plentiful labor and high food prices<br />
will drive inequality to extremes—just<br />
the mechanism the economic historian<br />
John Coatsworth used to explain the<br />
19th-century origins of high inequality<br />
in Latin America.<br />
We have returned to the world of<br />
the late 19th century, where growing<br />
food for export to industrial countries<br />
is a highly profitable endeavor. The<br />
intervening century has been marked<br />
by disdain for agriculture and a passion<br />
for industry, with results ranging from<br />
the heroic (South Korea) to the farcical<br />
(Nigeria). But perhaps figuring out the<br />
best way to industrialize is no longer<br />
the philosopher’s stone of development<br />
studies. Were a great dissident economist<br />
like Raúl Prebisch to be reborn, he<br />
would surely champion comparative<br />
advantage and agriculture—a mix that<br />
is once again working for his homeland,<br />
Argentina. n<br />
David Fowkes is a Ph.D. candidate in the<br />
African Studies Program and an instructor<br />
of comparative politics at <strong>SAIS</strong>.<br />
2011–2012 27
Brazil & Argentina:<br />
Boom<br />
Commodity<br />
Winners<br />
By Francisco E. González<br />
Between the 1980s and early 2000s,<br />
agricultural prices experienced a<br />
relatively stable trajectory. This did<br />
not mean that regions of the world,<br />
nation states or subregions within<br />
given countries did not undergo<br />
episodes of acute scarcity during these<br />
years. In the West, we learned of these crises—far<br />
away from home—through the heart-wrenching<br />
photographs of humans, young and old, dying in<br />
major famines; the globally televised fundraisers<br />
such as Live Aid and Feed the World; and the<br />
advocacy and financial support by multilateral<br />
organizations and foundations.
Year of<br />
Agriculture<br />
at<strong>SAIS</strong><br />
The generally steady evolution of<br />
prices up until the early 2000s came to<br />
be expected as a matter of course. This<br />
sense of complacency was fostered by<br />
a belief in technological progress—<br />
associated in part with overconfidence<br />
in the wake of the “green revolution”<br />
of the 1960s and 1970s and in part<br />
with the international organizational<br />
infrastructure that created a big food<br />
aid industry to supply spots mired in<br />
sudden, acute scarcity. Chief among<br />
these organizations were the United<br />
Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organization<br />
(FAO); the World Bank and<br />
regional multilateral banks, such as<br />
the Inter-American Development Bank,<br />
the Asian Development Bank and the<br />
African Development Bank; and superpower<br />
agricultural producers, including<br />
the United States and some of the<br />
European Union member countries.<br />
Along came the 2000s and with<br />
them two great international agricultural<br />
price shocks. In 2007–08, sudden<br />
price increases in the previously placid<br />
agricultural sector were responsible for<br />
food riots in countries as different and<br />
far apart as Burkina Faso, Egypt, Haiti,<br />
Madagascar, Mexico, Philippines, Senegal<br />
and Yemen.<br />
Scholars, analysts, policymakers,<br />
major agribusiness corporations and<br />
farmers themselves have highlighted<br />
a multiplicity of causes behind the<br />
higher commodity prices.<br />
On the supply side, the oil price<br />
bull-run between 2003 and 2008 hit<br />
agriculture significantly, given its high<br />
contribution to the production cost per<br />
unit in this sector because of fertilizers,<br />
transportation and other industrial<br />
agribusiness operations. Cereal stocks<br />
fell to their lowest levels since the early<br />
1980s. And, specifically in the United<br />
States, growing proportions of the corn<br />
crop were channeled into the production<br />
of ethanol for use in transport.<br />
On the demand side, experts identified<br />
a structural shift in global patterns,<br />
with higher consumption of animal<br />
protein (itself raised through animal<br />
feed based on basic grains) in the big<br />
emerging market countries of Asia<br />
and increasing demand for biofuels to<br />
reduce carbon emissions. The latter<br />
2011–2012 29
has created a contentious international<br />
debate about the competition between<br />
agriculture-based sources as to whether<br />
to feed humans or to provide energy<br />
for transportation. In addition, analysts<br />
have cited the rise of commodities as<br />
an investment class in global financial<br />
markets in the 2000s. Such investors<br />
have paid attention in particular to the<br />
value of agricultural, hydrocarbon and<br />
mining assets to serve as an investment<br />
hedge against the long-term relative<br />
decline of the U.S. dollar (most of the<br />
main commodities traded in the world<br />
remain priced in U.S. dollars) or as<br />
high-risk, high-return plays in a world<br />
characterized by historically low interest<br />
rates in the United States, Europe<br />
and Japan.<br />
Supertankers and Paddleboats<br />
Despite some general social, economic<br />
and political effects, the 2007–08 and<br />
2009–11 agricultural price shocks<br />
produced results in Latin America<br />
that were the opposite of food shortages<br />
and riots. At the risk of oversimplifying,<br />
a group of countries rich<br />
not only in agriculture but also in<br />
other raw materials such as minerals<br />
found a new engine of growth in the<br />
2000s, spurred by the export of these<br />
commodities.<br />
The winners of the latest “commodity<br />
lottery” have been big, small and<br />
medium-sized countries. Thus, certain<br />
producers have done well since the second<br />
half of the 2000s: sugar and coffee<br />
producers in Brazil, Colombia and the<br />
small Central American and Caribbean<br />
nation states; soybean producers in<br />
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and<br />
Uruguay; and producers in high-value<br />
niches, including asparagus growers<br />
in Peru and flower-export growers in<br />
Colombia and Ecuador. Big producers<br />
of staples such as corn, rice and cotton<br />
also have performed well.<br />
On the other hand, the small producers<br />
around the region have been<br />
squeezed by the importation of cheaper<br />
produce. For them, globalization of<br />
agricultural markets has meant the triumph<br />
of large-scale, capital-intensive,<br />
advanced-technology agribusiness and<br />
the starving of rural development,<br />
forcing new waves of rural to urban<br />
30 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
migration by vulnerable small-scale<br />
agricultural producers, according to a<br />
report jointly published by the Global<br />
Development and Environment Institute<br />
(GDAE) and the Washington<br />
Office on Latin America (WOLA).<br />
Among the winners of the commodity<br />
boom, two countries stand in<br />
a class of their own. To use a shipping<br />
analogy, Argentina and Brazil are the<br />
region’s supertankers in the contemporary<br />
waters of global agriculture. In<br />
great contrast, the small Central American<br />
and Caribbean republics as well<br />
as the poorest rural regions in the biggest<br />
Latin American countries become<br />
paddleboats in the midst of storms<br />
when basic food staples experience<br />
positive price shocks, as in 2007–08.<br />
They, along with other poor countries<br />
in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa,<br />
suffer disproportionately whenever<br />
food crises occur. If, as journalist<br />
Martin Wolf wrote in the Financial<br />
Times, “in many developing countries,<br />
the poorest quartile of consumers<br />
spends close to three-quarters of its<br />
income on food,” one can easily gauge<br />
the devastating human consequences<br />
price spikes have on poor households.<br />
A snapshot of these opposite developments<br />
in Latin America helps identify<br />
the dramatically contrasting challenges<br />
that winners and losers face<br />
throughout the region.<br />
Agriculture’s Role in Recovery<br />
The supertankers have made the agricultural<br />
sector a backbone of their economic<br />
resurgence in the 2000s. Mired<br />
in punitive external debt obligations,<br />
episodes of hyperinflation and interrupted<br />
presidencies in the 1980s and<br />
1990s, the two biggest (territorially)<br />
republics of South America recuperated<br />
from their last financial implosion<br />
(Brazil’s a controlled one in 1998–99<br />
and Argentina’s a chaotic one in 2001–<br />
02) and then experienced sustained<br />
high growth between 2003 and 2008.<br />
Argentina’s case is intimately linked<br />
with the boom in agricultural prices.<br />
The country practices an admired system<br />
based on crop rotation between<br />
wheat and soybeans. The end result<br />
has been a bonanza. Even more<br />
important for Argentina’s medium- to<br />
long-term outlook, it is the leading<br />
world producer of genetically modified<br />
soybeans. As long as global demand<br />
for soybeans continues unabated, the<br />
crop’s growth potential in Argentina<br />
remains substantial.<br />
Argentina also moved up the<br />
value chain by participating in and<br />
now dominating the processing of<br />
soybeans. Thus, soy oil, flour and<br />
biodiesel constitute the base of what<br />
could become a knowledge- and<br />
capital-intensive sector in the processing<br />
of agricultural produce for commercial,<br />
industrial and mass transport<br />
purposes. The danger for the country’s<br />
current agricultural prosperity is its<br />
growing dependence on soybeans as<br />
“wheat and soy rotation has replaced<br />
cattle ranching and other important<br />
food crops, with an effect on food<br />
security,” according to the GDAE and<br />
WOLA report.<br />
Brazil is in a class of its own. The country is a supertanker on<br />
steroids when it comes to agriculture.<br />
Brazil is in a class of its own. The<br />
country is a supertanker on steroids<br />
when it comes to agriculture.<br />
While Argentina’s recent fortune<br />
has relied on soybeans, Brazil—aside<br />
from being propelled by global corporate<br />
champions, including Petrobras,<br />
Vale, Embraer and Odebrecht—has<br />
a mighty agricultural arm. Newsweek<br />
reported that Brazil is the world’s largest<br />
exporter of beef, soybeans, sugarcane,<br />
coffee, ethanol and frozen chickens.<br />
It is also a top-10 world producer<br />
of wheat, rice, corn, citrus and cocoa.<br />
The main contradictions for Brazil<br />
stem from instituting a very successful<br />
large-scale capitalist agriculture while<br />
at the same time allowing deforestation<br />
and rural development to take the<br />
backseat. How far can these contradictions<br />
be pushed? Optimists and pessimists<br />
continue to make their case in<br />
what remains a large, complex emerging<br />
market with a democratic process.
While the going is good, it is easy to<br />
envisage the global capitalist model<br />
retaining the upper hand.<br />
Lifting All Boats<br />
Many small countries, particularly in<br />
Central America and the Caribbean<br />
but also in subsistence agriculturedominant<br />
areas in countries as different<br />
as Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador,<br />
Mexico, Paraguay and Peru, continue<br />
to suffer in two ways. First, their<br />
chances of selling surplus production<br />
has been undercut by cheaper imports.<br />
Second, because the greatest portion<br />
of their income is devoted to securing<br />
food, the price spikes hurt them<br />
disproportionately compared to the<br />
middle and upper classes. There is no<br />
easy solution. A silver bullet might not<br />
even exist, but we have to keep sharpening<br />
our critical skills to think about<br />
alternatives.<br />
In the Western Hemisphere, multi-<br />
lateral forums that deal with responses<br />
to agricultural price shocks, food<br />
security, food versus fuels, “land grabs”<br />
and displacement, and climate change<br />
and water levels should give priority<br />
to the small Central American and<br />
Caribbean republics. They should also<br />
emphasize the poorest rural sectors in<br />
countries where communities continue<br />
to be displaced by the self-reinforcing<br />
success of economies of scale that are<br />
underpinned by the financing, transport,<br />
storage and distribution clout of<br />
vertically integrated corporations.<br />
“Small is beautiful” may be close to<br />
a contradiction in terms when referring<br />
to capitalist agriculture, but any<br />
perspective that takes the welfare of<br />
all individual human beings seriously<br />
needs to consider the possibility of successful<br />
rural development. Such a perspective<br />
would mean that supertankers<br />
Argentina and Brazil should mind<br />
paddleboats, such as the small Central<br />
American and Caribbean republics<br />
—or, for that matter, the poorest rural<br />
areas in South Asian and Sub-Saharan<br />
countries—as much as they mind other<br />
supertankers, such as Canada, the EU<br />
and the United States.<br />
In turn, these agricultural giants<br />
should also mind and help poor, vulnerable<br />
countries—not through handouts<br />
but through rule changes eliminating<br />
the subsidies and tariffs that<br />
help the supertankers keep growing at<br />
the expense of the small boats.<br />
International relations specialists<br />
will continue to say that such suggestions<br />
are naive to the point of silliness,<br />
but nothing is written in stone when it<br />
comes to the potential for significant<br />
international change. It happens all the<br />
time. n<br />
Francisco E. González is the Riordan<br />
Roett Associate Professor of Latin<br />
American Studies.<br />
2011–2012 31
Hunger &
Conf<br />
By P. Terrence Hopmann<br />
Year of<br />
Agriculture<br />
at<strong>SAIS</strong><br />
Scholars of violent<br />
conflict, especially<br />
conflict within<br />
states, have long<br />
recognized that a<br />
sudden decline in<br />
the availability of<br />
adequate food supplies, due, for<br />
example, to extreme drought<br />
or massive flooding, can serve<br />
as the spark that sets off such<br />
conflict. This is particularly<br />
true when these catastrophes<br />
affect weak, failing or failed<br />
states that lack the institutional<br />
structures and physical<br />
infrastructure to alleviate hunger<br />
and malnutrition in the face<br />
of humanitarian emergencies.<br />
Disasters, whether natural or<br />
human, also can exacerbate<br />
existing conflicts over identity,<br />
ethnicity and inequality—and<br />
the unexpected disruption of<br />
basic commodities pushes the<br />
conflict across the threshold<br />
into large-scale violence. In<br />
states where existing conflict<br />
impedes the delivery of food<br />
to the population, food supply<br />
problems compound the miseries<br />
associated with conflict.<br />
2011–2012 33
Less frequently discussed, however,<br />
is the relationship between protracted<br />
social conflicts and long-term failure<br />
to provide an adequate supply of food,<br />
resulting in malnutrition and famine—<br />
that is, chronic and pervasive food insecurity.<br />
The term “protracted social conflict”<br />
(PSC) is generally identified with<br />
the late political scientist Edward Azar,<br />
who defined it as “hostile interactions<br />
which extend over long periods of time<br />
with sporadic outbreaks of open warfare<br />
fluctuating in frequency and intensity,”<br />
quoted in Ronald J. Fisher’s book Interactive<br />
Conflict Resolution.<br />
Azar notes that PSCs generally<br />
involve conflicts of group identity that<br />
generate intense emotional responses<br />
but are also a consequence of structural<br />
inequalities and differential political<br />
influence. Especially important is<br />
the concept of “relative deprivation,”<br />
namely, that it is not so much the absolute<br />
destitution that matters but the perception<br />
by one group in a social relationship<br />
of being seriously deprived relative<br />
to another group or groups. Conflicts<br />
become especially intractable when<br />
groups believe their basic needs are<br />
being deprived, including the need for<br />
acceptance, access to political power and<br />
security. Therefore, although Azar and<br />
most other scholars do not consider food<br />
insecurity per se to be a cause of violent<br />
conflict, they do acknowledge its central<br />
role as one factor among many that contributes<br />
to perceptions of relative deprivation,<br />
insecurity, and the continuation<br />
and escalation of social violence.<br />
Violent Conflict and Food Insecurity<br />
Significantly, this basic model of the<br />
role of food insecurity in violent conflict<br />
lies at the center of a 2010 report<br />
of the United Nations’ World Food<br />
Programme (WFP) and Food and<br />
Agriculture Organization (FAO), The<br />
State of Food Insecurity in the World:<br />
Addressing Food Insecurity in Protracted<br />
Crises. The report notes that just under<br />
1 billion people in the world were<br />
chronically undernourished in 2010,<br />
mostly in the less economically developed<br />
countries, where they constitute<br />
almost 16 percent of the overall population.<br />
This represents a slight decline<br />
from the record high that exceeded<br />
34 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
1 billion in 2009 at the peak of the<br />
global economic crisis. Nonetheless,<br />
this improvement falls well short of the<br />
goal outlined in the U.N.’s Millennium<br />
Development Goals Report of cutting<br />
this figure in half by 2015. The total<br />
number of undernourished people is<br />
highest in Asia and the Pacific region,<br />
but the percentage of people suffering<br />
food insecurity is greatest in the<br />
countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, the<br />
region most severely affected by violent<br />
conflict since the end of the Cold War.<br />
The 2010 WFP-FAO report focuses<br />
on 22 countries that have been involved<br />
in protracted crises, defined in terms of<br />
the longevity of the crisis since 1996,<br />
dependence on humanitarian development<br />
assistance, presence of weak governance<br />
or administrative structures and<br />
fragile state institutions, accompanied<br />
by high levels of food insecurity. In 20 of<br />
these countries, human-induced disasters<br />
produced by violence—whether<br />
enacted primarily by the government,<br />
by rebel or terrorist groups, or by<br />
all-out civil war—accounted for the<br />
food insecurity in a majority of the<br />
events reported, in some cases co-<br />
occurring with natural disasters. (The<br />
two exceptions are Haiti and Kenya,<br />
where natural disasters accounted for a<br />
majority of the crises during this period.)<br />
Violent conflict had especially devastating<br />
effects in Afghanistan, Angola,<br />
Burundi, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, the<br />
Democratic Republic of the Congo,<br />
Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guinea, Iraq, Liberia,<br />
Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan,<br />
Tajikistan and Uganda. Among these<br />
countries, the proportion of undernourished<br />
people ranged from a low of<br />
14 percent in Côte d’Ivoire to a high of<br />
69 percent in the Democratic Republic<br />
of the Congo. Chronic undernourishment<br />
in these 22 conflict-affected<br />
countries was approximately three<br />
times the average of the remainder<br />
of developing countries (excluding<br />
the special cases of China and India).<br />
Scores on the Global Hunger Index<br />
were significantly related to low levels<br />
of income, education, governmental<br />
effectiveness, control of corruption<br />
and years in crisis (R 2 =.72).<br />
Malnutrition and Famine in Conflict Zones<br />
Overall, although the world produces<br />
enough food to feed its entire population,<br />
approximately 1 billion people on<br />
the planet are malnourished. At least<br />
since the “green revolution” enhanced<br />
agricultural productivity, the problem<br />
has not been so much the inability to<br />
produce enough food but how to get<br />
it to the people who need it in a timely<br />
fashion. Distributional inequalities can<br />
be attributed to various factors, many<br />
of which interact with a country’s propensity<br />
to become engaged in violent<br />
conflict.<br />
Much of the world’s food supply rots before it reaches<br />
the consumer, accounting in large part for the gap between<br />
production and consumption.<br />
First, some countries lack sufficient<br />
arable land to feed their own people.<br />
Many analysts have attributed Japan’s<br />
expansionist policies before and during<br />
World War II in part as an effort by a<br />
densely populated island nation with a<br />
small percentage of agricultural land to<br />
seek food security through control of<br />
nearby regions where food could be produced<br />
more readily. Although invasion<br />
of other countries in search of agricultural<br />
products as a source of interstate<br />
conflict declined after World War II with<br />
the growth of international trade, it has<br />
not disappeared altogether. Thus, in desert<br />
regions where agricultural production<br />
faces challenges involving access to<br />
water—for example, the African Sahara,<br />
much of the Middle East and Central<br />
Asia—conflict crossing international<br />
borders may result from efforts to gain<br />
access to more productive agricultural<br />
lands to feed hungry populations.<br />
Second, world food prices may affect<br />
the ability of people, especially in the<br />
poorest countries, to buy the food they<br />
need. A largely unintended but nonetheless<br />
detrimental side effect of efforts<br />
in the United States to increase the use
of biofuels led to a jump in world prices<br />
for agricultural commodities, thereby<br />
deepening food insecurity in many<br />
of the poorest, most conflict-affected<br />
countries of the world.<br />
Third, getting food in a timely fashion<br />
to people who need it depends on<br />
transportation (including refrigerated<br />
transportation) and the ability to preserve<br />
perishable food through canning<br />
and other means; much of the world’s<br />
food supply rots before it reaches the<br />
consumer, accounting in large part for<br />
the gap between production and consumption.<br />
Inadequate infrastructure in<br />
many of the world’s poorest countries is<br />
a major contributing factor to malnutrition<br />
and famine. Because these problems<br />
are often most severe in rural and<br />
marginalized regions, this may exacerbate<br />
perceptions of deprivation relative<br />
to richer citizens residing in metropolitan<br />
centers and reinforce tensions that<br />
can contribute to violence. Reciprocally,<br />
violent conflict itself may compound<br />
these problems: When rebel armies steal<br />
food before it reaches hungry people or<br />
disrupt food shipments to punish their<br />
enemies, that violence in turn enhances<br />
food insecurity. Stealing livestock,<br />
destroying crops and farm equipment,<br />
and burning homes are often tactics<br />
of both governments and rebel forces<br />
engaged in civil war, increasing hunger<br />
among affected populations irrespective<br />
of their political affiliations.<br />
Fourth, global climate change<br />
affects agricultural productivity, often<br />
in ways that create or worsen violent<br />
conflict. For example, desertification<br />
in the Sahel, the zone that traverses<br />
Africa between the Sahara and the rest<br />
of the continent, has made life difficult<br />
for those tribes that survived on sedentary<br />
agriculture while opening new<br />
lands to nomadic herders. Because the<br />
former were primarily black Africans<br />
and the latter tended to be Arabs,<br />
this has contributed to some of the<br />
worst inter-ethnic conflicts in recent<br />
years across Africa, including Sudan,<br />
northern Kenya and Sierra Leone. As<br />
U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon<br />
observed, “Changes in our environment<br />
and the resulting upheavals—<br />
from droughts to inundated coastal<br />
areas to loss of arable lands—are likely<br />
to become a major driver of war and<br />
conflict.”<br />
Fifth, decline in agricultural production<br />
has frequently led to large-scale<br />
migration of rural populations to urban<br />
centers or refugee camps. Thus, people<br />
who previously survived on subsistence<br />
farming lose easy access to food supplies<br />
and may readily become victims of<br />
malnutrition and even starvation. These<br />
migrations often produce high levels<br />
of unemployment that, combined with<br />
crowded living conditions, tend to create<br />
outbreaks of violence. Often, unemployed<br />
youth become ready recruits<br />
into armies, whether of the government,<br />
rebel groups or local warlords, increasing<br />
the likelihood that conflicts of interest<br />
or identity will take a violent turn.<br />
There are many reasons food insecurity<br />
is related to violent conflict. It is<br />
often impossible to draw direct causal<br />
lines, as causality operates in both<br />
directions, and food insecurity is frequently<br />
embedded in a broader nexus<br />
of poverty and structural inequality.<br />
But the evidence is clear about the<br />
close interconnection between food<br />
insecurity and PSCs.<br />
Two Cases: Somalia and Mozambique<br />
These connections may be illustrated by<br />
two cases, one showing the severity of<br />
the vicious cycle and the other providing<br />
some hopeful indications of ways to<br />
break out of the cycle.<br />
A severe drought struck Somalia<br />
and nearby regions of northern Kenya<br />
and Ethiopia in 2011, and in July the<br />
United Nations estimated that 29,000<br />
children had died and another 640,000<br />
were malnourished as a result. Another<br />
860,000 Somalis fled the country, more<br />
than half to overcrowded camps in<br />
Kenya. Although drought was the proximate<br />
precipitant, Somalia has effectively<br />
been without a central government for<br />
two decades. In the prevailing anarchy,<br />
massive deforestation has destroyed<br />
the entire ecosystem, including grazing<br />
lands and water sources, and much of<br />
the arable land has simply disappeared.<br />
A great deal of the productive farmland<br />
has been leased to China, India and<br />
Saudi Arabia, so that food is exported<br />
rather than being available for the<br />
famine-stricken people at home.<br />
Further compounding the problem,<br />
Al Shabab, a militant Islamist group<br />
allegedly tied to al Qaeda, controls<br />
much of the southern regions and<br />
denies access to UNICEF and the WFP,<br />
allowing only the Red Cross and the<br />
Red Crescent to operate. The United<br />
States has refused to provide food assistance<br />
to the region out of fear that Al<br />
Shabab will divert foreign assistance<br />
to support its rebellion. As a consequence,<br />
Somalian Foreign Minister<br />
Mohamed Ibrahim argues that up to<br />
3.5 million residents of the areas held<br />
by insurgents could die of starvation,<br />
according to former <strong>SAIS</strong> Professorial<br />
Lecturer Stewart M. Patrick of the<br />
Council on Foreign Relations.<br />
A peacekeeping force of some 9,200<br />
soldiers sent by the African Union<br />
remains restricted to the capital city,<br />
Mogadishu, and the United States and<br />
other Western countries are reluctant<br />
to supply forces, in large part due to the<br />
political reaction following the death of<br />
18 U.S. soldiers in a humanitarian relief<br />
operation in 1993. For the better part<br />
of 20 years, Somalia has been a locus<br />
of both violent conflict and famine that<br />
continually reinforce one another.<br />
Mozambique, by contrast, is a relative<br />
success story of a country emerging<br />
from a lengthy and bitter civil war to<br />
begin a long-term development program<br />
that has made significant strides<br />
to alleviate poverty and improve food<br />
security. Between its independence in<br />
1975 and the signing of peace accords<br />
in 1992, some 1 million people died<br />
and another 5 million became internally<br />
displaced in Mozambique in a war<br />
that pitted the Mozambique Liberation<br />
Front (Frelimo) government against<br />
the Mozambique National Resistance<br />
(Renamo) guerrillas, each supported<br />
in large part by opposing sides during<br />
the Cold War. After a long and complex<br />
period of negotiation facilitated by the<br />
lay Catholic Community of Sant’Egidio<br />
in Rome, the conflict was brought to<br />
an end in 1992 with a comprehensive<br />
peace accord.<br />
Since then, the rate of growth in<br />
Mozambique has averaged 8 percent<br />
per year, while agricultural output has<br />
grown by an average of 5.6 percent<br />
annually, far above global averages. The<br />
2011–2012 35
percentage of hungry and malnourished<br />
people has declined from 59 percent<br />
in 1992—among the highest in the<br />
world—to about 38 percent in 2007.<br />
One of the conflict drivers concerned<br />
access to agricultural land. Even the<br />
peace settlement brought further conflict<br />
as displaced peoples returned to<br />
their homes and farmlands to find them<br />
occupied by others, while private entrepreneurs<br />
sought to buy up arable land.<br />
The resulting clashes delayed an early<br />
rebirth of agricultural productivity.<br />
However, an interministerial land<br />
commission was set up with FAO assistance<br />
to facilitate a democratic process<br />
to resolve land disputes, and a new land<br />
law was enacted in 1997 after consultation<br />
with official and citizens’ organizations.<br />
This law has been credited with<br />
providing the foundation for sustainable<br />
development and food security in postconflict<br />
Mozambique.<br />
In short, just as violent conflict can<br />
aggravate food insecurity, effective<br />
processes of conflict resolution and<br />
post-conflict institution-building can<br />
help create greater security in matters of<br />
nutrition in the aftermath of long-term<br />
violent conflict, thereby replacing a<br />
vicious cycle with a virtuous one.<br />
Policy Implications<br />
This article focuses on the relationship<br />
between PSCs accompanied by<br />
frequent violence and chronic food<br />
insecurity. Media and the policy community,<br />
however, largely focus their<br />
attention on disasters such as drought,<br />
floods, hurricanes and earthquakes,<br />
and the rapid responses undertaken by<br />
international organizations, national<br />
governments and nongovernmental<br />
organizations, including Oxfam International,<br />
Médecins sans Frontières,<br />
International Rescue Committee,<br />
CARE and UNICEF. But, at best, these<br />
responders provide a bandage to deal<br />
with the immediate effects of the<br />
disaster without taking adequate longrange<br />
actions to alleviate chronic food<br />
insecurity or ongoing violent conflict.<br />
The result is that countries such as<br />
Somalia, which according to the WFP/<br />
FAO report has suffered 15 combined<br />
natural and human-induced disasters<br />
between 1996 and 2010, go through<br />
36 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
the same cycle of disaster on an almost<br />
annual basis without any lasting<br />
improvements.<br />
At worst, humanitarian aid programs,<br />
however well-intended, destroy<br />
local markets and undercut indigenous<br />
agriculture in ways that actually aggravate<br />
long-term food shortages by driving<br />
farmers out of business or into producing<br />
exportable commodities rather<br />
than food for local consumption. Aid<br />
that is unequally distributed in favor of<br />
one group relative to another, captured<br />
by particular groups or warlords or<br />
diverted by political elites for their personal<br />
profit may similarly contribute to<br />
conflict rather than alleviating it.<br />
Policy should therefore be directed<br />
explicitly at promoting long-range local<br />
food production and, at the same time,<br />
assisting in the management and resolution<br />
of local conflicts. Even short-term<br />
aid may be more effective without market<br />
distortion if aid agencies buy local<br />
produce when available.<br />
In addition, the goal of international<br />
assistance must move beyond disaster<br />
relief to offer assistance in food production,<br />
conservation, storage and delivery<br />
to all segments of the population. Reliance<br />
on disaster relief may more easily<br />
attract political backing in developed<br />
countries where the “CNN effect” provides<br />
support for relief in the presence<br />
of widespread, visible famine.<br />
Leaders in developed countries need<br />
to do a better job of educating the public,<br />
media and politicians that the only<br />
way to avoid repeated cycles of food<br />
crises and violent conflict is to engage<br />
in sustained efforts to build institutions<br />
and infrastructure required to break the<br />
cycle. The 2010 WFP/FAO report concludes<br />
with the following valuable recommendation:<br />
“Modalities of assistance<br />
should move beyond the traditional categories<br />
of ‘relief’ and ‘development’ to a<br />
more diversified approach that includes<br />
social protection mechanisms, food<br />
security early-warning systems, disaster<br />
preparedness, environmental protection<br />
and rehabilitation, and building livelihood<br />
resilience.” n<br />
P. Terrence Hopmann is professor of<br />
International Relations and director of<br />
the Conflict Management Program.<br />
China
By Tabitha Grace Mallory<br />
The Sea’s<br />
Harvest:<br />
and Global Fisheries<br />
When we consider<br />
agriculture, and<br />
in particular<br />
the pressing<br />
food security<br />
issue, we<br />
usually think<br />
of land-based food cultivation. But<br />
the ocean is also a huge food source.<br />
Approximately 2.6 billion people<br />
depend on the ocean for their primary<br />
source of protein. Yet these resources<br />
are just as finite as those on land.<br />
2011–2012 37
In a report released in February<br />
2011, the U.N. Food and Agriculture<br />
Organization stated that, as of 2008,<br />
an unprecedented 85 percent of marine<br />
fish stocks were fully exploited, overexploited<br />
or depleted. As the world’s<br />
largest producer of seafood, China’s role<br />
in the sustainable management of international<br />
fisheries and aquaculture has<br />
enormous environmental, economic<br />
and security implications. How is the<br />
country handling its major challenges?<br />
As China balances internal and external<br />
pressures, what do its choices mean for<br />
the rest of the world?<br />
Law of the Sea Treaty<br />
The U.N. Convention on the Law of<br />
the Sea (UNCLOS) is the most comprehensive<br />
international legal instrument<br />
that deals with international rights and<br />
responsibilities with regard to the use<br />
of the ocean. Though adopted in 1982,<br />
UNCLOS only entered into force internationally<br />
in 1994 and was ratified by<br />
China in 1996.<br />
The convention formalized previous<br />
customary law on a country’s “exclusive<br />
economic zone” (EEZ), extending the<br />
zone to 200 nautical miles from coastal<br />
baselines, throughout which a country<br />
has exclusive rights over marine<br />
resources and their uses as well as the<br />
responsibility to protect them. Because<br />
38 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
EEZs effectively nationalize fisheries,<br />
countries can more easily regulate the<br />
zones by controlling resource access.<br />
Several international agreements to better<br />
manage fisheries build on UNCLOS.<br />
The treaty stipulates that countries<br />
with opposite or adjacent coasts that<br />
have overlapping EEZ claims—as is the<br />
case with China and its neighbors—<br />
must delimit their zones or agree on<br />
measures to sustainably exploit marine<br />
resources if territorial disputes remain.<br />
Thus, China has signed bilateral fisheries<br />
agreements with Japan, South Korea<br />
and Vietnam, even while disputing territorial<br />
jurisdiction with these countries.<br />
Sadly UNCLOS came a little late<br />
to prevent the widespread decimation<br />
of fish stocks. As one fisheries expert<br />
stated earlier in 2011, China’s own<br />
waters are already virtually empty.<br />
For example, the annual catch of one<br />
of its four main commercial fish, the<br />
greater yellow croaker, decreased from<br />
220,000 tons in 1934 to 26,000 tons in<br />
1985. Stocks have increased since then<br />
but are still greatly threatened.<br />
In the face of decreasing stocks,<br />
China has strengthened regulations<br />
over fisheries in its own EEZ. There are<br />
now seasonal moratoria on fishing, and<br />
the country has been seeding coastal<br />
waters with hatchlings in an effort to<br />
restore marine life. In addition, China<br />
is working to decrease the number of<br />
vessels fishing its waters.<br />
Falling stocks and increased restrictions<br />
have negatively affected employment<br />
and profit in the Chinese fishing<br />
industry. With a total of 13.3 million<br />
people working in the sector, the nation<br />
has the largest labor force employed<br />
in fishing and aquaculture globally.<br />
Because unemployment remains a big<br />
worry, the government has created<br />
retraining programs to help fishermen<br />
move out of the domestic wild-catch<br />
sector. China has invested in distantwater<br />
fishing and aquaculture to relieve<br />
some of the pressure.<br />
Marine Fisheries<br />
and International Relations<br />
Chinese law distinguishes the country’s<br />
near seas from distant-water seas, and<br />
policies toward these two categories<br />
vary. Near seas include the Bohai, Yellow,<br />
East China and South China seas,<br />
whereas distant waters include everything<br />
beyond.<br />
Near Seas<br />
Fisheries management in China’s near<br />
seas causes concern among other countries<br />
over both sustainability and security.<br />
Despite progressive bilateral fisheries<br />
agreements, fisheries experts believe<br />
that fishing still exceeds maximum sus-
tainable levels. Illegal fishing remains<br />
problematic, though some progress has<br />
been made. For example, the number<br />
of incidents in which Chinese vessels<br />
were caught fishing illegally by South<br />
Korea peaked in 2005 at 584, then<br />
decreased each year through 2010 (363<br />
incidents) before rising again to at least<br />
440 in 2011. Both Chinese and South<br />
Korean officials and experts attribute<br />
the overall decrease to greater efforts<br />
on the part of the Chinese to stem the<br />
problem through education and alternative<br />
employment opportunities.<br />
Why, then, have we seen a number of<br />
high-profile security incidents related to<br />
fisheries recently? In September 2010,<br />
a Chinese fishing vessel clashed with<br />
two Japanese coast guard vessels near<br />
the disputed Senkaku/Diaoyu islands.<br />
The scuffle resulted in the apprehension<br />
of the Chinese captain by Japanese<br />
authorities, an embargo on rare earth<br />
exports (minerals and metals needed<br />
for smartphones and other advanced<br />
technology) from China to Japan and a<br />
cooling in China-Japan relations. A few<br />
months later, another skirmish between<br />
Chinese fishing vessels and the South<br />
Korean coast guard took place in the<br />
Yellow Sea, resulting in the death of<br />
three Chinese fishermen. In June 2011,<br />
a Chinese fishing boat collided with an<br />
exploration cable from a Vietnamese<br />
seismic survey vessel, and the incident<br />
was followed by Vietnamese protests. In<br />
December 2011, a Chinese fisherman<br />
on a vessel operating illegally stabbed<br />
two South Korean coast guard officers,<br />
killing one and wounding the other.<br />
Some analysts believe these conflicts<br />
are part of China’s grand strategy in<br />
Asia, though an alternative explanation<br />
points to the effects of domestic political<br />
dynamics. Conflicting signals and priorities<br />
between the central and local government<br />
are contributing to the occurrence<br />
of these incidents. The central<br />
government has an interest in preserving<br />
China’s national sovereignty, but it also<br />
strives to maintain good diplomatic relations<br />
with neighboring countries—not<br />
least to provide a stable environment for<br />
China’s economic development.<br />
At the provincial level, however,<br />
local officials are concerned primarily<br />
with economic performance, for which<br />
they are accountable to the central<br />
government. Therefore, fishermen are<br />
encouraged to catch as much as possible.<br />
Because fish are scarcer in Chinese<br />
coastal waters, the country’s vessels are<br />
venturing farther to fish and into waters<br />
the central government says they have<br />
a right to be in—where they come into<br />
conflict with neighboring countries.<br />
Add to this a bit of Chinese Communist<br />
Party insecurity over China’s 2012<br />
leadership succession, and one result<br />
is a more aggressive response to some<br />
of these conflicts so the Chinese state<br />
appears strong to its citizens.<br />
China’s bilateral fishery spats with<br />
Japan, South Korea and Vietnam<br />
have a very real historical and diplomatic<br />
dimension. The long-fraught<br />
relationship with Japan had been<br />
slowly improving since 2006, but the<br />
recent conflict was a serious setback.<br />
Unless the situation improves through<br />
confidence-building measures such as<br />
dialogue over reconciliation, such disputes<br />
about resources, including fisheries,<br />
are likely to continue. China’s foundation<br />
with South Korea is in markedly<br />
better shape, and when clashes over<br />
fisheries happen, they are less apt to<br />
spill over and negatively affect the<br />
overall relationship. The historical connection<br />
between China and Vietnam<br />
is also a difficult one, though conflicts<br />
with Vietnam must be set in the larger<br />
context of the South China Sea.<br />
The dispute over the South China<br />
Sea is mainly over who controls sea<br />
lines of communication and the abundant<br />
hydrocarbon resources believed<br />
present in the seabed. But disputes over<br />
these resources are diverting attention<br />
away from what is the more important<br />
resource in the area—the rich fisheries<br />
on which coastal communities along<br />
the South China Sea basin heavily<br />
depend. Whereas the estimated hydrocarbon<br />
resources are not a long-term<br />
energy solution, the fisheries are renew-<br />
able if they can be managed. China<br />
has been dispatching fisheries law<br />
enforcement vessels to patrol the waters<br />
around the Paracel and Spratly Islands<br />
for illegal fishing, though many people<br />
suspect Chinese authorities are using<br />
the fisheries as an excuse to assert control<br />
over the South China Sea through<br />
civilian instead of direct military means.<br />
Distant Seas<br />
Because of these growing pressures<br />
on fisheries in China’s near seas, the<br />
country has shifted its efforts toward<br />
developing distant-water fishing. China<br />
believes it deserves its “fair share” of<br />
global fish stocks and sees distantwater<br />
fishing as a way to increase its<br />
ocean presence globally. The country<br />
maintains that distant-water fishing is<br />
an important part of its official “going<br />
out” strategy—a strategy detailed in<br />
the 10th Five-Year Plan (2001–05),<br />
which encourages Chinese companies<br />
to search for new markets and invest<br />
abroad. Through preferential tax treatments<br />
and fuel offsets, China subsidizes<br />
its distant-water fishing fleets to fish on<br />
China’s distant-water fishing strategy is potentially problematic.<br />
Fish stocks around the world are already severely threatened,<br />
which has negative implications for the livelihoods of<br />
subsistence-level coastal communities.<br />
the high seas and in the EEZs of other<br />
countries. It is working to expand the<br />
size and technology of its distant-water<br />
fleets, already the largest in the world<br />
(although its fleet technology is inferior<br />
to that of developed countries) and is<br />
making plans to exploit nontraditional<br />
fisheries such as Antarctic krill.<br />
But China’s distant-water fishing<br />
strategy is potentially problematic. Fish<br />
stocks around the world are already<br />
severely threatened, which has negative<br />
implications for the livelihoods of<br />
subsistence-level coastal communities.<br />
For example, China has nearly<br />
400 fishing vessels in 10 West African<br />
countries through bilateral fisheriesaccess<br />
agreements with these countries.<br />
But some West African governments,<br />
heavily dependent on licensing fees for<br />
their national budgets, may be issuing<br />
2011–2012 39
more licenses than are scientifically<br />
sustainable, and corruption plagues the<br />
licensing process.<br />
Plus, these countries do not have<br />
the capacity to enforce fishing regulations<br />
or police their waters for illegal<br />
fishing. In Liberia, a country still<br />
recovering after years of civil war, the<br />
government effectively has no coast<br />
guard. Chinese vessels often fish illegally<br />
in Liberian waters, violating the<br />
three-nautical-mile artisanal fishing<br />
zone or landing fish in neighboring<br />
countries because the vessels do not<br />
possess a Liberian license.<br />
Though originally entirely a stateowned<br />
sector, now 70 percent of China’s<br />
distant-water fishing companies<br />
are privately owned. This means the<br />
government has much less control over<br />
their actions abroad than it once did.<br />
Is Aquaculture a Solution?<br />
Because of constraints on wild-catch<br />
fisheries, China has expanded its<br />
aquaculture sector and is currently the<br />
world’s largest producer. Between 1990<br />
and 2000, employment in Chinese<br />
aquaculture grew by 189 percent.<br />
Although aquaculture is a potential<br />
solution to the depletion of wild fisheries,<br />
concerns over food safety and environmental<br />
issues persist. Farmed fish<br />
are kept in quarters tighter than those<br />
living in nature, resulting in fish disease<br />
that is treated with antibiotics. China<br />
struggles with clean water supplies, and<br />
aquaculture water may be contaminated<br />
with ambient biological and chemical<br />
pollution. Waste runoff from fish farming<br />
can in turn contaminate the local<br />
environment, and farmed fish interbreeding<br />
with wild fish remains a risk.<br />
The Broader Problem<br />
China is largely copying the fishing<br />
practices of developed countries, which<br />
have their own fishing fleets with global<br />
reach. Fishery subsidies throughout<br />
the industry have led to economic<br />
inefficiency. One study showed that<br />
40 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
subsidies were equal to approximately<br />
half of one large fishing company’s net<br />
profit in 2008. Efforts to eliminate fishery<br />
subsidies through the World Trade<br />
Organization should continue.<br />
Also, some fishing methods—even<br />
though legal—are destructive. Many<br />
vessels are trawlers, which greatly<br />
Overfishing is a collective action problem that requires creative<br />
solutions through international cooperation. We are not oceans<br />
apart at all.<br />
damage the marine ecosystem because<br />
they scoop up every living creature in<br />
their path, targeted species or not.<br />
Chinese fishing companies sell<br />
about half of their catch, mostly the<br />
high-value species, to developed countries:<br />
the European Union, Japan and<br />
the United States. It is crucial to realize<br />
that consumer demand in these countries<br />
is driving unsustainable fishing.<br />
Western consumers can take steps to<br />
help stem fisheries depletion by making<br />
more informed choices about the<br />
seafood they buy and by advocating for<br />
better tracing and certification schemes.<br />
China is the largest aquaculture<br />
exporter to the United States. The<br />
U.S. Food and Drug Administration<br />
has detected in imported seafood<br />
from China unapproved antibiotic<br />
residues and other additives used<br />
to mitigate bacterial, fungal and<br />
parasitic growth. Some of these additives<br />
are carcinogenic, and antibiotic<br />
residues pose the risk of antimicrobial<br />
resistance in human pathogens.<br />
The United States has also found mislabeled<br />
fish in its import inspections.<br />
China is working on improving its<br />
food safety standards, and developed<br />
countries should encourage and<br />
aid its efforts to do so. The country<br />
pays close attention to the stringent<br />
import-safety standards developed<br />
countries have in place.<br />
Overfishing is a collective action<br />
problem that requires creative solutions<br />
through international cooperation.<br />
We are not oceans apart at all. n<br />
Tabitha Grace Mallory N’06, ’08 is a<br />
Ph.D. candidate in the China Studies<br />
Program. Farmers are
India’s<br />
Water<br />
Crisis<br />
By Srinivasan Padmanabhan<br />
Year of<br />
Agriculture<br />
at<strong>SAIS</strong><br />
Raj Kumar,<br />
who works a<br />
small farm in<br />
Doddaballapur,<br />
a rural village<br />
at the outskirts<br />
of Bangalore in<br />
southern India, looks anxious,<br />
his brow creased with worry<br />
as he scans the sky looking<br />
desperately for rain-laden<br />
clouds. His rice fields are dry<br />
and parched, and if the rains fail,<br />
he fears his crops will perish.<br />
Groundwater—the succor of<br />
farmers such as Kumar—has<br />
failed him, too. Its levels have<br />
dropped precariously and,<br />
worse, power supply to his<br />
irrigation pumps is irregular.<br />
This means the pumps are not<br />
operational when the need for<br />
water is greatest, and the poor<br />
quality of power delivered makes<br />
pumping a risk since the motors<br />
are likely to burn out. The cost<br />
of rewinding the burned-out<br />
motor coils because of lowsupply<br />
voltage conditions is an<br />
additional expense that Kumar<br />
can ill afford.<br />
on the frontline in battling the nation’s water-energy-poverty cycle<br />
2011–2012 41
This scenario plays out across several<br />
regions of India, where Kumar<br />
and other struggling farmers are held<br />
hostage to lack of power availability,<br />
rapidly receding groundwater levels<br />
and vagaries of the monsoon. Nowhere<br />
is the link between water, energy and<br />
poverty alleviation more stark than in<br />
these regions, creating a cycle that often<br />
spirals out of control.<br />
The agriculture sector in India uses<br />
85 percent of the available freshwater.<br />
That groundwater is India’s predominant<br />
water resource for agriculture is<br />
reflected in the fact that the net irrigated<br />
area under canal irrigation fell from 41<br />
percent in 1971 to 31 percent in 1999,<br />
while during the same period the area<br />
irrigated by groundwater (tube wells)<br />
increased from 14 percent to 36 percent.<br />
Higher agricultural productivity,<br />
declining farm sizes and more frequent<br />
droughts have induced a dramatic rise<br />
in groundwater utilization. Decreasing<br />
public investment in irrigated infrastructure<br />
(for example, canals) has also<br />
meant more groundwater use. During<br />
the period 1971–2010, the area irrigated<br />
by groundwater increased sevenfold:<br />
from 5 million hectares (about 12.5<br />
million acres) to more than 35 million<br />
hectares (about 87.5 million acres).<br />
More reliable groundwater delivery<br />
and declining extraction costs due<br />
to advances in technology and, most<br />
important, government subsidies for<br />
power and for installation of groundwater<br />
structures (for example, irrigation<br />
pump sets) have contributed to this<br />
growth. With 16.8 million energized<br />
pump sets throughout the country, India<br />
has more than four times the number of<br />
irrigation structures of China, Iran,<br />
Mexico and the United States combined.<br />
Agriculture and Water Waste<br />
Compounding the problem of water use<br />
is the poor farm-irrigation efficiency of<br />
only 20 percent to 50 percent. The other<br />
50 percent to 80 percent of irrigation<br />
water is wasted. Combining these data<br />
42 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
indicates the agricultural sector in India<br />
is squandering about half of the country’s<br />
total freshwater supply. However,<br />
from a basin perspective, we find that<br />
much of the “wasted” water is reused, so<br />
the loss is less than the figures indicate.<br />
Nevertheless, water-use efficiency is<br />
a key consideration, and yield per unit<br />
of water should be maximized. The<br />
latter also has a direct and deleterious<br />
impact on the degree of exploitation of<br />
groundwater and falling groundwater<br />
tables across India. Nowhere is this<br />
depletion more acute than in north<br />
India, where the states of Rajasthan,<br />
Punjab and Haryana have all the ingredients<br />
for groundwater depletion: staggering<br />
population growth, rapid economic<br />
development and water-hungry<br />
farms, accounting for about 95 percent<br />
To put these numbers in perspective, the $6.6 billion power<br />
subsidy is comparable to the country’s annual expenditure for<br />
education and more than double its expenditure for health.<br />
of their groundwater use. Data provided<br />
by India’s Ministry of Water Resources<br />
suggest that groundwater use is exceeding<br />
natural replenishment, but the<br />
regional rate of depletion is unknown.<br />
Groundwater levels have been declining<br />
by an average of 1 meter every three<br />
years (1 foot per year). More than 109<br />
cubic kilometers (26 cubic miles) of<br />
groundwater disappeared between 2002<br />
and 2008—double the capacity of India’s<br />
largest surface water reservoir, the Upper<br />
Waingang, and triple that of Lake Mead,<br />
the largest man-made reservoir in the<br />
United States. Observations from the<br />
NASA Gravity Recovery and Climate<br />
Experiment satellites and simulated soilwater<br />
variations from a data-integrating<br />
hydrological modeling system show that<br />
groundwater is being depleted at a mean<br />
rate in excess of the rate of replenishment<br />
in the Indian states of Rajasthan,<br />
Punjab and Haryana (including Delhi).<br />
On the energy front, there are inefficiencies<br />
as well. The agricultural sector,<br />
on average, accounts for about 22 percent<br />
of the total electricity consumption<br />
in India. The figure is somewhat higher<br />
in agricultural states such as Andhra<br />
Pradesh (31 percent), Gujarat (32 percent),<br />
Haryana (36 percent), Karnataka<br />
(36 percent), Madhya Pradesh (30<br />
percent) and Tamil Nadu (22 percent).<br />
However, from a revenue perspective,<br />
the sale of this electricity amounts to no<br />
more than 5 percent to 10 percent of the<br />
state electricity utility’s revenue.<br />
The reason for this perverse state<br />
of financial affairs is the adoption of<br />
flat-rate pricing for agricultural power.<br />
Under this system, when a farmer<br />
pays a fixed price per horsepower per<br />
month for electricity, the marginal<br />
cost of pumping is zero. This leads to<br />
energy waste, overpumping and inefficient<br />
selection of crops. Moreover, flatrate<br />
pumping masks the true cost of<br />
power to farmers. When unreliability<br />
is factored in, most farmers incur costs<br />
of 4.5 to 6.6 cents per kilowatt-hour,<br />
more than what typical urban dwellers<br />
pay. From a political and economic<br />
perspective, the flat-rate structure<br />
enables the state to give the impression<br />
of providing subsidized power to the<br />
rural, voting population whether or<br />
not that population actually receives<br />
the intended subsidy.<br />
Summing up, the tariff structure and<br />
the combination of poor technology<br />
and management are responsible for<br />
water loss, unsustainable exploitation of<br />
groundwater, and the high energy losses<br />
associated with the distribution and<br />
end use of electricity in groundwater<br />
pumping.<br />
Water-Energy Nexus<br />
Access to groundwater is the most critical<br />
factor determining the reliability of<br />
irrigation water supplies, which in turn<br />
is key to the full “green revolution”<br />
package of fertilizers, seeds and other<br />
inputs. Without reliable water supplies,<br />
the risk associated with other investments<br />
in agricultural production is high<br />
because everything can be lost due to<br />
variations in precipitation, forcing small<br />
and marginal farmers into poverty.<br />
Since groundwater availability is<br />
relatively independent of fluctuations<br />
in rainfall and there is often substantial<br />
interannual storage, a farmer’s access to<br />
water is rarely threatened by climatic<br />
changes—at least on a short-term basis.<br />
This gives groundwater irrigation a substantial<br />
advantage over surface irrigation<br />
with regard to poverty alleviation.
Furthermore, because groundwater can<br />
generally be accessed at the time and in<br />
the amount a farmer requires (by turning<br />
on the tube well pump), farmers are<br />
wholly dependent on the availability<br />
and reliability of the power supply. With<br />
uncertain power availability, they tend<br />
to pump when power is available rather<br />
than when crops need water. This leads<br />
to over-extraction of groundwater, evaporation<br />
loss and lowered water tables,<br />
with farmers using higher-capacity<br />
pumps to lift water from ever deeper<br />
levels. The result is reduced on-farm<br />
productivity and lower farm profits.<br />
The depletion of groundwater<br />
resources strengthens this selfreinforcing<br />
cycle, which has led to<br />
an increasing number of areas being<br />
designated as critical and over-exploited.<br />
One consequence of this phenomenon<br />
is the gradual exclusion of farmers<br />
who lack the means to chase the falling<br />
water table by investing in larger bore<br />
well and irrigation pump sets.<br />
The pace of groundwater withdrawals<br />
and use in India is intimately tied<br />
to energy prices. Reference was made<br />
earlier to the low marginal cost of<br />
pumping on account of the flat-rate<br />
system of power pricing. The use of<br />
flat rates for electricity, combined with<br />
less than fully reliable power supplies,<br />
encourages farmers who own wells to<br />
maximize pumping of groundwater and<br />
sales to neighboring farmers in informal<br />
water markets.<br />
The growing financial burden of<br />
India’s state-run power utilities or state<br />
electricity boards (SEBs) can be largely<br />
attributed to the low-cost recovery of<br />
farm electricity. States such as Andhra<br />
Pradesh, Karnataka, Punjab and Tamil<br />
Nadu have a free-power policy for agricultural<br />
consumers; others like Gujarat<br />
and Maharashtra have kept their effective<br />
tariffs for the agriculture sector as<br />
low as 0.9 to 1.3 cents per kilowatthour.<br />
The below-cost supply to farmers<br />
is compensated by state governments in<br />
two ways: by state governments providing<br />
direct subsidies to SEBs and by having<br />
industrial and commercial users pay<br />
tariffs higher than the average cost of<br />
supply (e.g., cross-subsidy).<br />
Despite financial support provided by<br />
the state governments, there still exists<br />
a revenue gap that imposes financial<br />
burdens on the SEBs. For instance, as a<br />
result of providing flat and/or unmetered<br />
electricity to farmers, the total all-India<br />
state power subsidy in 2008–09 was<br />
estimated at $6.6 billion. This represents<br />
more than 20 percent of the total all-<br />
India state fiscal deficit, of which power<br />
sector subsidies are one contributing<br />
source. To put these numbers in perspective,<br />
the $6.6 billion power subsidy<br />
is comparable to the country’s annual<br />
expenditure for education and more<br />
than double its expenditure for health.<br />
Falling Groundwater Levels<br />
The performance of the Indian power<br />
sector, the sixth-largest in the world,<br />
increasingly depends on how efficiently<br />
irrigation water is pumped, used and<br />
paid for. Groundwater withdrawal is an<br />
energy-intensive operation performed<br />
throughout the agricultural sector,<br />
resulting in a fourth of the power consumption<br />
in the country being used for<br />
roughly 50 percent of the national irrigation<br />
consumption.<br />
Many regions in India are witnessing<br />
shortages in water supply, with groundwater<br />
levels falling as much as 1 meter<br />
every three years—to the point where<br />
they are 10 to 20 meters below their<br />
level of 40 years ago. Approximately<br />
12 percent of all aquifers are severely<br />
overdrawn, and the problem is exacerbated<br />
by the runoff of surface water.<br />
Lowered water tables can be attributed<br />
to the overexploitation of groundwater<br />
by farmers. Three states, Rajasthan,<br />
Punjab and Haryana, have reached a<br />
stage where even their current level of<br />
groundwater extraction is exceeding<br />
recharge and is therefore unsustainable.<br />
Three other states, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat<br />
and Uttar Pradesh, seem to be fast<br />
approaching that stage.<br />
Overexploitation, which has been<br />
directly linked to unreliable power<br />
supplies as well as suboptimal energy<br />
and water pricing policies, is also a<br />
significant contributor to India’s growing<br />
carbon emissions, as considerable<br />
additional pumping energy is required<br />
to extract ever deeper water supplies.<br />
In addition, overwithdrawal, coupled<br />
with the lack of effective groundwater<br />
management strategies—such as<br />
India’s Water<br />
Situation at a Glance<br />
n Rainfall is erratic in four out of<br />
10 years.<br />
n 68 percent of India’s cultivated<br />
area is subjected to varying degrees<br />
of drought.<br />
n Each year, about 50 million people<br />
are exposed to drought.<br />
n 35 percent of the country’s land<br />
area receives between 750 and<br />
1,125 millimeters of rainfall every<br />
year and is drought-prone.<br />
n 21 percent of the country’s area<br />
receives less than 500 millimeters<br />
of rainfall.<br />
n Most drought-prone areas lie in<br />
the arid (19.6 percent), semi-arid<br />
(37 percent) and sub-humid (21<br />
percent) regions of the country,<br />
accounting for 77.6 percent of its<br />
total land area.<br />
aquifer recharge and the loss of topsoil<br />
due to commercial exploitation of forests—has<br />
led to the widespread use of<br />
lower-quality groundwater, exposing<br />
affected populations to potentially serious<br />
long-term health risks from fluoride,<br />
increased salinity and microbiological<br />
contamination.<br />
The national and state governments<br />
are working on a variety of business and<br />
technological models that advance enduse<br />
energy and water efficiency in Indian<br />
agriculture. There are also ongoing pilot<br />
demonstrations for contract models that<br />
typically involve utility-farmer-private<br />
sector partnerships, with benefits arising<br />
out of energy savings allocated in proportion<br />
to the risks each party assumes.<br />
For farmers like Raj Kumar, a solution<br />
to the age-old problem of rural poverty<br />
due to the inability to water crops<br />
as needed is inextricably linked to the<br />
water-energy nexus. n<br />
Srinivasan Padmanabhan was a visiting<br />
research scholar and a professorial<br />
lecturer in the Energy, Resources and<br />
Environment Program in spring 2011<br />
and is director of the South Asia Regional<br />
Initiative for Energy at the U.S. Agency<br />
for International Development.<br />
2011–2012 43
Global<br />
Warming,<br />
Agriculture<br />
and Biofuels: A<br />
Combustible<br />
Will global warming severely<br />
undermine global food<br />
production? That is the<br />
most interesting and<br />
consequential question<br />
confronting agriculture over<br />
the next century. A secondary<br />
but still important question is whether biofuels<br />
should be part of a renewable energy strategy. More<br />
pointedly, do biofuel mandates and subsidies disrupt<br />
world food supplies and inflate food prices while<br />
inadvertently contributing to global warming?<br />
The two questions are connected. If<br />
biofuels can be part of a robust climate<br />
policy, the threat of global warming to<br />
agriculture is reduced. But if biofuel<br />
policies exacerbate warming, world agriculture<br />
suffers a double blow—higher<br />
temperatures and the diversion of output<br />
away from food production. Even as<br />
scholars explore these questions, there<br />
are no definitive answers. The degree of<br />
uncertainty concerning global warming<br />
and agriculture is itself troubling.<br />
This uncertainty has three sources.<br />
First, no one knows how much global,<br />
44 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
By Charles Pearson<br />
regional and local temperature and<br />
weather—especially rainfall—will<br />
change. Research scientist Andrei<br />
Sokolov and his colleagues, using<br />
MIT’s integrated assessment model of<br />
climate, have attempted to bound people’s<br />
uncertainty. They estimate that,<br />
with no explicit climate policy, there<br />
is a 95 percent probability that the<br />
average global temperature this century<br />
will increase between 3.5 and 7.4<br />
degrees Celsius, with a median value of<br />
5.1 degrees Celsius (7.4 degrees Celsius<br />
is 13.3 degrees Fahrenheit). These
numbers are potentially catastrophic.<br />
Recall that a global average conceals<br />
uneven distribution spatially and over<br />
the seasons. W. Michael Haneman at<br />
the University of California, Berkeley,<br />
estimates that summertime temperatures<br />
in the agriculturally rich Central<br />
Valley in California would rise some<br />
2.5 times the global average. Using the<br />
upper bound of Sokolov’s estimate, this<br />
suggests a rise of 33.3 degrees Fahrenheit,<br />
far above catastrophic levels.<br />
Second, we also do not know what,<br />
if any, binding international agreements<br />
on mitigating greenhouse gas emissions<br />
will emerge following the termination<br />
of the Kyoto Protocol obligations in<br />
2012. The aspirational target of capping<br />
temperature rise to 2 degrees Celsius<br />
agreed to at the U.N. climate summit in<br />
Cancun, Mexico, last year is ambitious<br />
but has no legal force, does not reflect<br />
either a scientific or economic consensus,<br />
and—despite local initiatives—is<br />
unlikely to be achieved.<br />
Finally, we do not know whether<br />
productivity gains through agricultural<br />
research and development, and possible<br />
productivity gains from carbon fertilization,<br />
can offset production declines<br />
due to global warming. Declines can<br />
be anticipated even if not predicted<br />
with certainty. They will result from<br />
heat stress on plants, greater scarcity<br />
and seasonal variability of water for<br />
rain-fed and irrigated crops, and the<br />
loss of highly fertile delta and river bottomlands<br />
as sea levels rise and flooding<br />
increases. The challenge will be more<br />
difficult because world population and<br />
income growth are expected to double<br />
food demand during the first half of<br />
this century.<br />
In this fraught context, should promotion<br />
of biofuels be part of a green<br />
energy strategy?<br />
Dubious Subsidies and Mandates<br />
If one considers reducing greenhouse<br />
gas emissions and especially carbon<br />
dioxide as the centerpiece of climate<br />
policy, mandates requiring that biofuels<br />
be blended into transportation fuels<br />
appear superficially attractive. Fossil<br />
fuel takes carbon from under the earth,<br />
where it is harmless, burns it and emits<br />
Year of<br />
Agriculture<br />
at<strong>SAIS</strong><br />
that carbon as carbon dioxide to the<br />
atmosphere, where it is harmful. In<br />
contrast, biofuel crops extract carbon<br />
dioxide from the atmosphere during<br />
the growth phase and release carbon<br />
dioxide when they are burned or<br />
decompose. The goal with biofuels is to<br />
recycle carbon, not to add to the active<br />
stock. Let sleeping carbon lie.<br />
This simple idea has been taken up<br />
by many governments with perhaps<br />
more enthusiasm than good sense.<br />
Aside from cost, two major problems<br />
have emerged: indirect increases in<br />
carbon emissions via the conversion<br />
of land to biofuel crops, and pressures<br />
on food production and prices. To<br />
understand these problems, recall that<br />
biofuels come in three main flavors,<br />
depending on their feedstock: ethanol,<br />
made from sugars and starches (corn,<br />
sugarcane); biodiesel from fats and oils<br />
(palm oil, rapeseed, soy); and cellulosic<br />
ethanol from cellulose (woody material,<br />
grasses). The technology for the<br />
first two has been well established for<br />
decades, but except for sugar in Brazil,<br />
the costs are high and large subsidies<br />
are needed. Cellulosic technology is at<br />
an early stage.<br />
Biofuels do not float down from the<br />
heavens like manna. They or their feedstocks<br />
must be cultivated and harvested.<br />
Shifting land from its current status to<br />
biofuel feedstock production can initially<br />
increase carbon emissions from<br />
surface biomass (often by burning vegetation)<br />
and from carbon stored in soils.<br />
For example, clearing marginal land for<br />
corn and preparing the soil will result in<br />
a pulse of carbon emissions today.<br />
Readers inside the Washington<br />
Beltway may have seen the loss of<br />
scrub forest and loblolly pine and the<br />
expansion of soy and corn fields over<br />
the past 20 years as they traversed the<br />
Eastern Shore in their summer trek to<br />
Rehoboth, Delaware. This sort of land<br />
conversion creates a “carbon debt” that<br />
can be repaid over time by the carbonneutral<br />
crop (corn, sugarcane, soy)<br />
displacing the use of fossil fuels. The<br />
debt and timescale can be significant,<br />
however, and lie at the heart of allegations<br />
that biofuels accelerate rather<br />
than moderate global warming.<br />
2011–2012 45
Nature Conservancy scientist Joseph<br />
Fargione and his colleagues, publishing<br />
in the journal Science, have calculated<br />
the number of years before a<br />
carbon-neutral fuel replacing fossil<br />
fuels can erase the carbon debt from<br />
land conversion as follows:<br />
n Indonesian peatland tropical forest<br />
to palm biodiesel: 419 years<br />
n Brazilian Amazon to soy biodiesel:<br />
319 years<br />
n U.S. central grasslands to corn ethanol:<br />
93 years<br />
n Indonesian tropical rainforest to<br />
palm biodiesel: 86 years<br />
n Brazilian cerrado (wooded grassland)<br />
to corn ethanol: 37 years<br />
n Brazilian cerrado to sugarcane ethanol:<br />
17 years<br />
These estimates call into question<br />
the life-cycle carbon neutrality of biofuels<br />
unless they are made exclusively<br />
from agricultural wastes or are on<br />
already degraded and abandoned land.<br />
Three other points are relevant and<br />
potentially damaging. First, land is<br />
fungible. Even if one is certain the biofuel<br />
itself does not release carbon from<br />
land conversion, additional demand is<br />
placed on other crops and, through a<br />
knock-on effect, can lead to land conversion<br />
and carbon release. Second, the<br />
timing is important. A ton of carbon<br />
released today from land conversion<br />
is more damaging than a ton released<br />
100 years from now. Land conversion<br />
and biofuels tilt the time profile of<br />
emissions in the wrong direction—<br />
toward the present. The third point is<br />
that under current accounting, carbon<br />
emissions are attributed to the country<br />
where land conversion takes place—<br />
for example, Indonesia and Malaysia<br />
for palm oil. But the real source often<br />
rests with biofuel mandate policies in<br />
biodiesel-importing countries.<br />
Environmental and Food Supply <strong>Issue</strong>s<br />
To be fair, U.S. legislation requires the<br />
lifetime greenhouse gas emissions from<br />
renewable fuels to be less than the fossil<br />
fuels they displace (20 percent less for<br />
corn ethanol and 50 percent less for biodiesel).<br />
For instance, the government<br />
estimates canola oil biodiesel emits 48<br />
kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent<br />
per million British thermal units,<br />
46 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
whereas petroleum diesel emits 97 kilograms,<br />
and thus it (barely) passes the 50<br />
percent reduction test. It is noteworthy<br />
that in the canola calculations, 31 of the<br />
48 kilograms arise from “international<br />
land-use changes,” suggesting substantial<br />
carbon leakage through international<br />
trade. The EU also requires that<br />
biofuels save greenhouse gas emissions<br />
(35 percent compared to fossil fuel) and<br />
are produced “sustainably.” A considerable<br />
amount of carbon leakage may still<br />
occur through indirect land conversion<br />
and the numerous countries that<br />
impose mandates without safeguards.<br />
The second contentious issue is that<br />
biofuel mandates cut into world food<br />
and animal feed supplies and can cause<br />
food price inflation. U.S. legislation<br />
requires that in 2011 19.9 billion gallons<br />
of renewable fuels be consumed,<br />
of which 12.6 billion may be corn<br />
ethanol (capped at 15 billion in 2015).<br />
In 2010 the United States produced<br />
39 percent of the world corn output.<br />
About 35 percent of U.S. corn went<br />
to ethanol production, assisted by<br />
high subsidies and protected against<br />
imports of Brazilian ethanol by high<br />
tariffs. Corn prices reached an all-time<br />
high of $318 per metric ton in April,<br />
surpassing their peak in the 2007–08<br />
price spike and about tripling their<br />
2004–05 average.<br />
These data are suggestive. But it is<br />
not possible to definitively pin today’s<br />
high prices primarily to ethanol mandates.<br />
More generally, the empirical evidence<br />
of the role of biofuels in the great<br />
worldwide food inflation of 2007–08 is<br />
controversial and mixed, and a number<br />
of studies tend to put other factors<br />
above biofuel mandates that were in<br />
place at the time.<br />
However, there is no doubt about<br />
the effects of food shortages and soaring<br />
food prices in developing countries;<br />
in many of them, more than 50 percent<br />
of household income is spent on food.<br />
Food-importing countries are, of course,<br />
most vulnerable. During the price<br />
surge, food riots and unrest arose in<br />
many nations of Africa, Asia and Latin<br />
America. And the world food trade system<br />
performed poorly. A large number of<br />
key countries (Argentina, Brazil, India,<br />
Russia, Ukraine, Vietnam) restricted<br />
the export of grains. The United States<br />
found it inconvenient to criticize too<br />
sharply, as President Richard Nixon was<br />
an early culprit when he embargoed soybean<br />
exports to Japan in 1973.<br />
The point here is not to rehash past<br />
food crises but to look ahead. World<br />
food demand is expected to double by<br />
mid-century. Global warming is a fact,<br />
and even with a serious world climate<br />
policy, which is not yet in sight, food<br />
supplies will be under pressure. Putting<br />
expanding biofuel mandates into this<br />
mix is risky. Widespread conversion of<br />
land to biofuels, as is happening now,<br />
can increase near-term carbon emissions<br />
and can seriously disrupt world food<br />
markets, with the heaviest costs borne<br />
by the poor.<br />
All is not lost. What is needed is a<br />
highly selective biofuels policy that targets<br />
technological advances in cellulosic<br />
ethanol where displacement of food<br />
Widespread conversion of land to biofuels, as is happening now,<br />
can increase near-term carbon emissions and can seriously disrupt<br />
world food markets, with the heaviest costs borne by the poor.<br />
production is least likely, that eliminates<br />
the distortive U.S. tariff on low-cost<br />
sugar ethanol from Brazil, that phases<br />
down the U.S. corn ethanol mandate,<br />
that encourages Southeast Asia to preserve<br />
its tropical forests and peatlands<br />
rather than plundering them through<br />
biodiesel trade, and that slaps penalties<br />
on countries that traffic in unregulated,<br />
uncertified biofuels. A restoration of<br />
international funding for agricultural<br />
research and development, and especially<br />
research on adapting to higher<br />
temperatures, is also badly needed. n<br />
Charles Pearson ’66 is a professor<br />
emeritus of International Economics, a<br />
visiting lecturer at the Bologna Center<br />
and a senior adjunct professor at the<br />
Diplomatic Academy of Vienna.
Counting<br />
on<br />
Agribusiness<br />
By Guy Pfeffermann and Nora Brown<br />
By fostering<br />
connections<br />
between<br />
agribusiness and<br />
farmers, Africa<br />
can promote<br />
shared economic<br />
growth with<br />
positive social<br />
impacts<br />
The importance of agriculture to Africa’s<br />
development and poverty reduction<br />
can hardly be overstated. Agriculture<br />
is Africa’s largest employer, supplying<br />
nearly two-thirds of all jobs and<br />
providing critical employment and<br />
sustenance to the rural population.<br />
Agriculture also accounts for a growing proportion<br />
of domestic trade, which allows the continent to<br />
feed its population and better protect itself from<br />
external shocks in the global market. At the same<br />
time, entrepreneurs in quite a few African countries<br />
have responded to growing foreign demand for highvalue-added<br />
products, leading to agriculture’s rising<br />
importance to exports.<br />
2011–2012 47
Take horticultural products grown<br />
for export. According to the Kenya<br />
Flower Council, the country’s exported<br />
blooms account for 35 percent of all<br />
flower sales in Europe. By successfully<br />
complying with EU environmental<br />
requirements, horticulture exports<br />
now rival tourism as Kenya’s major<br />
source of foreign exchange. Tourism<br />
and agribusiness are interlinked,<br />
however. Hotels and restaurants have<br />
strong economic incentives to source<br />
local food products. In Kenya, hotels<br />
source most of their hard furniture to<br />
locals. Other countries have also made<br />
major strides in growing their agricultural<br />
exports. Senegal and Mali have<br />
expanded their horticultural exports,<br />
and Ghana is successfully exporting<br />
pineapples.<br />
Yet, despite agriculture’s significant<br />
role in Africa’s development, aid to the<br />
sector has been in decline over the past<br />
two decades. No one cause can explain<br />
this trend, but a number of factors<br />
are at play. One is the greater priority<br />
placed on health and education.<br />
Another is the recent economic liberalization<br />
programs, which decreased<br />
the role of the state in the agriculture<br />
sector and increased incentives for the<br />
private sector to engage. A third cause<br />
48 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
is the belief that development aid for<br />
other sectors, such as infrastructure<br />
and financial services, will have positive<br />
effects on the agriculture sector<br />
without necessitating a large amount<br />
of direct investment.<br />
Investing in Agriculture<br />
Statistics from the Organisation for<br />
Economic Co-operation and Development<br />
show that when the development<br />
community has invested in agriculture<br />
in Africa, the largest proportions<br />
of funds have been targeted toward<br />
policy, agriculture development, food<br />
crop production, water resources and<br />
agriculture extension services. Additionally,<br />
much of the development<br />
community’s strategy in recent years<br />
has focused on increasing production<br />
through improved farming methods<br />
and adoption of new technologies.<br />
Although the emphasis on improving<br />
production is critical to boosting<br />
African agriculture to the level needed<br />
to sustain the continent’s population<br />
and achieve development goals, production<br />
alone will not reap the full<br />
economic and social benefits the agricultural<br />
sector can deliver.<br />
According to the World Bank’s<br />
World Development Indicators 2011,<br />
during the past 20 years, value-added<br />
agriculture grew at the modest average<br />
rate of 3.2 percent—only 0.7 percent<br />
faster than the population. On the<br />
other hand, there has been a sharp<br />
acceleration of manufacturing growth<br />
(from 2.2 percent per year in the 1990s<br />
to 3.2 percent during this century’s<br />
first decade) and an even sharper rise<br />
in the pace of growth in services (from<br />
2.6 percent to 4.8 percent for the<br />
same periods). At the same time, the<br />
population of Africa has been migrating<br />
from rural areas to urban centers.<br />
This movement, along with a rise in<br />
incomes, has led to increasing demand<br />
for processed food products. With the<br />
growth of manufacturing and services<br />
coupled with its shifting population,<br />
Africa has an opportunity to reap huge<br />
rewards through targeted investments<br />
in agribusiness.<br />
Agribusiness is “a broad concept<br />
that covers input suppliers, agroprocessors,<br />
traders, exporters and<br />
retailers. Agribusiness provides inputs<br />
to farmers and connects them to consumers<br />
through the financing, handling,<br />
processing, storage, transportation<br />
and distribution of agro-industry<br />
products,” according to a recent report<br />
by the U.N. Industrial Development<br />
Organization. So defined, agribusiness<br />
is the single largest component of the<br />
manufacturing sector, estimated to<br />
account for half the sector in Ghana<br />
and one-third in Kenya. Although statistics<br />
are scant, agribusiness also represents<br />
a substantial share of services<br />
and, in a growing number of African<br />
countries, exports.<br />
More significant to Africa’s future<br />
than these shares is the marginal<br />
importance of agribusiness—that is, its<br />
contribution to growth. Much of the<br />
accelerated growth of African economies<br />
in recent years is in agribusiness<br />
writ large. Urbanization and rising<br />
incomes increase demand for food, and<br />
especially for higher-value-added processed<br />
and packaged products. With an<br />
expanding middle class, modern food<br />
stores are now a regular urban feature.<br />
Increasingly, these stores are replacing<br />
imported products with local goods.<br />
As agriculture becomes more commercialized,<br />
African agribusiness has
huge potential for expansion. From its<br />
strong connections to farming communities<br />
where poverty is widespread<br />
to its rising importance in urban centers,<br />
agribusiness touches all levels of<br />
African society, making it crucial to the<br />
continent’s success.<br />
Therefore, what happens in agriculture—and,<br />
more specifically, agribusiness—will<br />
have a major impact<br />
on overall development and poverty<br />
reduction across Africa. Besides the<br />
upstream connection with farmers<br />
and the downstream connection to<br />
urban marketing, agribusiness links to<br />
many intermediate inputs: agricultural<br />
machinery, fertilizers and insecticides,<br />
agro-processing machinery, packaging<br />
materials, transportation, refrigeration<br />
equipment and telecommunications,<br />
to name a few. A good illustration of<br />
this can be found in the dairy industry.<br />
Large local processors are developing<br />
fairly sophisticated local and regional<br />
markets in certain African countries<br />
for the processing, promotion and<br />
distribution of milk and other goods.<br />
The agribusiness value chain spans<br />
the entire pyramid, from top to bottom,<br />
and has the ability to affect all<br />
areas of the labor market. As noted,<br />
farm families are often among the<br />
lowest-income groups and make up<br />
a large percentage of the population.<br />
Meeting the rising demand for agribusiness<br />
products translates directly<br />
into more jobs for these families.<br />
Because the supply of labor in rural<br />
areas is generally not elastic—in other<br />
words, people there are busy, especially<br />
during growing seasons, even though<br />
they earn little—rural wages are likely<br />
to rise as a result. Further up the value<br />
chain, jobs will be created in transport,<br />
packaging and the other industries.<br />
And recently, large corporations have<br />
been playing a more prominent role in<br />
the sector. Driven by rising world agricultural<br />
prices and growing demand<br />
for renewable fuels, these corporations<br />
have been expanding their operations<br />
and are experiencing a greater need for<br />
management and leadership talent.<br />
To take advantage of these current<br />
trends and reach the full potential of<br />
agribusiness in Africa, linkages along<br />
the value chain need to be strengthened.<br />
The connections between agribusiness<br />
and farmers are particularly<br />
crucial to achieving shared economic<br />
growth with positive social impacts.<br />
Cultivating Agribusiness Leaders<br />
In the 2007 U.N. Food and Agriculture<br />
Organization (FAO) report, Approaches<br />
to Linking Producers to Markets, agribusinesses<br />
were shown to provide a<br />
wide range of extension services to<br />
farmers—services traditionally supplied<br />
by the public sector. These<br />
included provision of material inputs<br />
(often on credit), education and training<br />
on new technologies and farming<br />
techniques, and other services such as<br />
produce transportation. More important,<br />
the farm-agribusiness connections<br />
studied for the report demonstrated<br />
Much of the accelerated growth of African economies in recent<br />
years is in agribusiness writ large. Urbanization and rising<br />
incomes increase demand for food.<br />
success in incorporating smallholder<br />
farms. Where the relationship between<br />
agribusiness and farmers was strong,<br />
smallholder farmers benefited from<br />
the certainty of having a reliable buyer<br />
for their produce, and the agribusiness<br />
benefited from a stable source of quality<br />
produce.<br />
The linkages between agribusinesses<br />
and farmers studied in the FAO<br />
report showed there can be mutual<br />
benefits to such relationships. However,<br />
as the report points out, these<br />
connections are often the exception<br />
rather than the norm. Strong, effective<br />
linkages require mutual trust on the<br />
part of both players; profitable business<br />
models; and competent managers<br />
to supervise the sequencing of transactions,<br />
oversee financial planning and<br />
take into account the seasonal fluctuation<br />
of the supply chain.<br />
Unfortunately, there is a shortage of<br />
skilled managers with the local knowledge<br />
necessary to effectively capitalize<br />
on the opportunities in these emerging<br />
markets. This critical component of<br />
strong farm and agribusiness linkages<br />
can be positively influenced by<br />
investing in both human capital and<br />
applied research. Business schools<br />
are uniquely poised to add value in<br />
both areas: They represent an effective<br />
model of education, merging theory<br />
with practice to teach basic management<br />
and leadership skills relevant to<br />
the specific needs of the agribusiness<br />
value chain. Business schools also play<br />
an important role in creating knowledge<br />
networks, diffusing new information<br />
and building local capacity.<br />
In Kenya, the Global Business<br />
School Network (GBSN) is working<br />
on a program to train agribusiness<br />
entrepreneurs at the Chandaria School<br />
of Business. This program, which will<br />
offer a certificate in management and<br />
innovation for agribusiness entrepreneurs,<br />
seeks to provide analytical<br />
tools, market-oriented skills and information<br />
to strengthen the quality and<br />
productivity of the agricultural sector.<br />
On a larger scale, the Association<br />
of African Business Schools is leading<br />
development of a Pan-African program<br />
to bring business and leadership education<br />
to agribusiness managers at all<br />
levels of the value chain. A focus of the<br />
program is the integration of smallholder<br />
farmers with the goal of reducing<br />
rural poverty through agribusiness<br />
opportunities.<br />
Although both of these efforts are<br />
in the development phase and do not<br />
yet have results to share, development<br />
professionals interested in finding new<br />
ways to catalyze growth in agribusiness<br />
should watch them. As Africa<br />
looks to the future, investing in these<br />
kinds of interventions will be key to<br />
producing an agriculture sector that<br />
can compete in the global market<br />
while providing jobs and food security<br />
at home. n<br />
Guy Pfeffermann is chief executive<br />
officer of the Global Business School<br />
Network, a nonprofit organization that<br />
promotes management education as<br />
an important element of international<br />
development. Nora Brown B’04, ’05 is<br />
chief operating officer of GBSN.<br />
2011–2012 49
Empower
ing<br />
thePoor<br />
By Dalila Cervantes-Godoy<br />
and Michael G. Plummer<br />
Year of<br />
Agriculture<br />
at<strong>SAIS</strong><br />
How agricultural productivity<br />
is reducing poverty and strengthening<br />
food security in the developing world<br />
Developed and developing countries<br />
often disagree on economic<br />
priorities. This was painfully clear<br />
in the failure to produce an accord<br />
at the World Trade Organization’s<br />
Doha Round negotiations.<br />
However, one rare area of global<br />
consensus is the need to place greater priority on the<br />
eradication of absolute poverty.<br />
In developing countries, this suggests<br />
the need to focus on the agricultural<br />
sector. Most people who depend<br />
on agriculture for their living in these<br />
countries are poor, and most of the<br />
world’s poor depend on agriculture for<br />
a living.<br />
The U.N. Food and Agriculture<br />
Organization estimates that in 2010<br />
there were 1.02 billion undernourished<br />
people. Hence, extreme poverty<br />
remains an alarming problem in the<br />
developing world. Yet, the poverty rate<br />
has declined substantially over the past<br />
30 years: In 1981, 1.9 billion people<br />
were living on less than $1.25 a day, but<br />
since that time great progress has been<br />
made, particularly in East Asia. This<br />
achievement is attributable largely to<br />
economic growth; certainly, the lion’s<br />
share of empirical studies shows that<br />
poverty tends to fall with growth.<br />
2011–2012 51
However, it is not just the economywide<br />
pace of growth that matters for<br />
poverty reduction but also its sectoral<br />
composition, with agricultural growth<br />
known to be especially “pro-poor.”<br />
Although the only sustainable cure for<br />
poverty might be economic growth,<br />
some kinds of increased productive<br />
capacity reduce poverty more than<br />
others. Many studies underscore that a<br />
given rate of growth can deliver diverse<br />
outcomes for the poor, suggesting the<br />
pattern—sectoral and/or geographical—matters<br />
independently of overall<br />
growth. If the poor live mostly in<br />
remote rural areas and depend mainly<br />
on agriculture for a living, rapid expansion<br />
of urban manufacturing will likely<br />
have less of an impact on poverty than<br />
agricultural progress.<br />
Poverty and Agricultural Productivity<br />
The academic literature strongly supports<br />
the view that growth in the<br />
agricultural sector is more povertyreducing<br />
than non-agricultural sources<br />
of growth, at least at the lowest levels<br />
of income. For instance, econometric<br />
work by Luc Christiaensen, Lionel<br />
Demery and Jesper Kuhl confirms that<br />
agricultural growth is the most effective<br />
source of reducing poverty among<br />
the poorest of the poor (classified by<br />
them as earning $1 per day or less). In a<br />
policy research paper published by the<br />
World Bank, José Montalvo and Martin<br />
Ravallion find that, contrary to popular<br />
belief, the primary (natural resources)<br />
sector—rather than the manufacturing<br />
or services sectors—was the real driving<br />
force in China’s spectacular success<br />
against poverty, in which approximately<br />
400 million people were able to rise<br />
above the absolute poverty theshold.<br />
Increasing agricultural productivity<br />
constitutes an important part of the<br />
poverty-reduction story. Arthur Lewis,<br />
who won the Nobel Prize in economics<br />
in 1979, observed that successful economies<br />
were able to develop by drawing<br />
unproductive labor off the farm and<br />
into manufacturing in the cities, where<br />
worker productivity was much higher.<br />
This had the effect of not only supporting<br />
industry but also raising productivity<br />
on the farm by reducing excess<br />
labor. As suggested by the associated<br />
52 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
literature (for example, an Organisation<br />
for Economic Co-operation and<br />
Development report published in 2011,<br />
Agricultural Progress and Poverty Reduction:<br />
Synthesis Report, by Joe Dewbre,<br />
Dalila Cervantes-Godoy and Silvia<br />
Sorescu), a clear negative relationship<br />
exists between the poverty rate and<br />
agricultural productivity. Moreover,<br />
the relationship is concave; increasing<br />
agricultural productivity is especially<br />
effective at high levels of poverty.<br />
A paper produced by the U.K.<br />
Department for International Development<br />
emphasizes the historically close<br />
correlation between different rates of<br />
poverty reduction over the past 40<br />
years and differences in agricultural<br />
performance, particularly the rate of<br />
growth of agricultural productivity.<br />
Agriculture and poverty reduction are<br />
related via four “transmission mechanisms”:<br />
(1) direct impact of improved<br />
agricultural performance on rural<br />
incomes, (2) impact of cheaper food<br />
for the poor, (3) agriculture’s contribution<br />
to growth and the generation of<br />
economic opportunity in the nonfarm<br />
sector, and (4) agriculture’s fundamental<br />
role in stimulating and sustaining<br />
economic transition, as countries—<br />
and poor people’s livelihoods—shift<br />
away from being primarily agricultural<br />
toward a broader base of manufacturing<br />
and services.<br />
There are many contributory factors<br />
to success in agricultural growth,<br />
including access to output and input<br />
markets accommodated by a good<br />
transportation, marketing and processing<br />
infrastructure; nondiscriminatory<br />
tax and trade policy; high rates of<br />
investment in agricultural research and<br />
extension services; a system of ownership<br />
rights that encourages initiative;<br />
employment that creates nonagricultural<br />
growth; well-functioning institutions;<br />
and good governance.<br />
Of course, although the poor in<br />
rural areas count on agriculture to<br />
make a living, they are also consumers<br />
of food; in fact, they spend far more<br />
of their income on food compared<br />
with the nonpoor. There is no more<br />
telling indicator of global agricultural<br />
progress over the long term than the<br />
steadily declining real price of food, a<br />
trend reflecting technology-induced<br />
growth in agricultural productivity<br />
outstripping population and incomedriven<br />
increases in demand for food,<br />
as Julian Alston and Will Martin wrote<br />
in the American Journal of Agricultural<br />
Economics.<br />
Variations in prices of food commodities<br />
may also have special significance<br />
for poverty outcomes, as<br />
reported widely in the press during<br />
times of commodity price spikes, such<br />
as 2007–08 and 2010.<br />
Yet, the fact that variations in food<br />
commodity prices also affect farm<br />
income is sometimes ignored. For<br />
many of the poor, price changes have<br />
an impact on both the income they<br />
earn and what they pay for foodstuffs,<br />
with opposite implications for poverty.<br />
In some countries, higher food costs<br />
undoubtedly increase poverty, while<br />
in others they lessen it. As Lawrence<br />
Chandy and Geoffrey Gertz pointed<br />
out in a recent Brookings Institution<br />
policy brief, the widely held view that<br />
higher food prices are an unmitigated<br />
negative for the world’s poor is incor-<br />
Although the poor in rural areas count on agriculture to make a<br />
living, they are also consumers of food; in fact, they spend far<br />
more of their income on food compared with the nonpoor.<br />
rect. Be that as it may, rapid changes<br />
in prices certainly can have significant<br />
distributional effects across regions,<br />
countries and sectors; a quick hike in<br />
the global price of rice may benefit the<br />
poor in Vietnam (a big rice producer)<br />
but could negatively affect the poor in<br />
Nigeria (a big rice importer).<br />
It is impossible to draw general conclusions<br />
a priori about whether in any<br />
given instance lower food commodity<br />
prices are good or bad for poverty.<br />
Lower food prices will inevitably lift<br />
some poor people above the poverty<br />
line and push some below it.
Boosting Food Security<br />
This leads us to the discussion of food<br />
security, identified as a critical area by<br />
international organizations, intergovernmental<br />
organizations, such as the<br />
G-20 major economies, national governments<br />
and many nongovernmental<br />
organizations. The 1996 World Food<br />
Summit, held in Rome, concluded:<br />
“Food security exists when all people,<br />
at all times, have physical and economic<br />
access to sufficient, safe and<br />
nutritious food to meet their dietary<br />
needs, and food preferences for an<br />
active and healthy life.”<br />
When there are international price<br />
spikes in key agricultural products,<br />
concerns are well-founded that an<br />
increase in what people in poor countries<br />
pay for basic staples will exacerbate<br />
poverty. During the 2007–08<br />
surge in food prices, an estimated<br />
additional 300 million people found<br />
themselves among the food-insecure.<br />
Nevertheless, when food prices were<br />
at their lowest level in recent years<br />
in 2002, there were still 833 million<br />
food-insecure individuals.<br />
In developing economies, food<br />
security is ultimately a problem<br />
of poverty: Households are food-<br />
insecure because they are poor. A rise<br />
in the price of food will hurt households<br />
that are net food purchasers and<br />
lack alternative means of income support<br />
outside agriculture. The policy<br />
implications are clear: To render such<br />
households more food-secure, they<br />
must diversify their income sources.<br />
In sum, agricultural growth is<br />
essential to poverty reduction and<br />
food security. Agricultural productivity<br />
as well as accommodating institutions,<br />
infrastructure and policy<br />
measures are important sources of<br />
progress in this area. This is not to say<br />
that development in less-developed<br />
countries is uniquely about agriculture;<br />
manufacturing and services also<br />
help reduce poverty rates and ultimately<br />
become increasingly important<br />
as countries’ incomes rise above<br />
the lowest levels. Moreover, policy<br />
also plays a direct role (for example,<br />
targeted poverty reduction programs<br />
such as Oportunidades in Mexico or<br />
Bolsa Família in Brazil) and an indi-<br />
rect role (for instance, conservative<br />
monetary policies that keep inflation<br />
low and liberal trade policy that allows<br />
developing economies to specialize in<br />
labor-intensive goods).<br />
Nevertheless, a focus on agriculture<br />
is usually necessary for any effective<br />
poverty-reduction scheme. The battle<br />
to achieve the first of the U.N. Millennium<br />
Development Goals—halving<br />
global poverty by 2015—will be<br />
fought in the countryside of most<br />
nations. n<br />
Dalila Cervantes-Godoy is an agriculture<br />
policy analyst in the Development<br />
Division of the Trade and Agriculture<br />
Directorate at the Organisation for<br />
Economic Co-operation and Development<br />
in Paris. Michael G. Plummer ’82 is the<br />
Eni Professor of International Economics<br />
at the Bologna Center, currently on leave<br />
of absence from <strong>SAIS</strong>, and head of the<br />
Development Division of the Trade and<br />
Agriculture Directorate at the OECD.<br />
The views in this article are uniquely<br />
those of the authors.<br />
2011–2012 53
54 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
S<br />
Throughout<br />
history,<br />
securing food<br />
resources has<br />
been critical<br />
for survival.<br />
For nation<br />
states, food security is<br />
assigned a strategic value.<br />
As such, it drives their<br />
external actions in peaceful<br />
or belligerent ways. From<br />
ancient Athens to modern<br />
America, agricultural<br />
producers have sought<br />
to protect domestic grain<br />
supply, while those with no<br />
possibility to feed their own<br />
populations are forced to seek<br />
out those resources abroad by<br />
means of trade or conquest.
The New Oil?<br />
By Mariano Turzi<br />
In the coming years, access to edible<br />
commodities will become a key strategic<br />
source of power, bringing back to the<br />
forefront an old fault line in international<br />
relations: food geopolitics.<br />
The strategic relevance of agricultural<br />
products has been undervalued<br />
relative to other natural resources such<br />
as gold, silver and oil. Since the mid-<br />
20th century, an age of abundance and<br />
economic development, oil has been<br />
regarded as the most critical commodity.<br />
But agricultural commodities are much<br />
more vital goods: One can substitute<br />
driving for public transportation but<br />
cannot help eating and drinking on a<br />
daily basis. If energy scarcity can disrupt<br />
the normal functioning of a society, the<br />
absence of food and water can cause its<br />
sudden breakdown.<br />
As the geopolitical balance between<br />
the emerging and the developed world<br />
shifts, several trends will combine to<br />
intensify competition for food products.<br />
Decision-makers will face new<br />
national security dilemmas and foreign<br />
policy challenges. Some will come from<br />
increased demand and others from the<br />
nature of the supply system.<br />
World demand for agricultural commodities<br />
is driven by three Fs: food, feed<br />
and fuel.<br />
The first leg, food, is the result of an<br />
impressive background demographic<br />
dynamic: The global population, which<br />
grows by around 80 million people per<br />
year, was expected to surpass the 7 billion<br />
mark by late 2011 and to reach<br />
9 billion by the end of the century.<br />
Renowned agronomist Norman Borlaug<br />
estimated in 2009 that over the next 50<br />
years, the world will have to produce<br />
more food than it has in the past 10,000<br />
years. This means a structural upward<br />
shift in food demand.<br />
The second component, feed,<br />
answers to the rise of the emerging<br />
world, with particular focus on Asia.<br />
When living standards rise, so does<br />
demand for meat and dairy products.<br />
As people from Brazil, China and India<br />
abandon poverty and move into the<br />
Year of<br />
Agriculture<br />
at<strong>SAIS</strong><br />
burgeoning middle class, they diversify<br />
their diets to include more vegetable<br />
oils, meat and dairy products. There are<br />
not only more people, but also more<br />
people eating pork, chicken and beef.<br />
The third element is fuel. Expectations<br />
of oil price hikes and supply<br />
shortages have triggered a growing<br />
demand for energy from the biofuels<br />
industry. Supported by policy mandates,<br />
countries are seeking to diversify<br />
their energy sources by incorporating<br />
renewables. When the international<br />
price of corn soared in 2007, Mexico<br />
underwent a period of social unrest and<br />
political instability due to the “tortilla<br />
wars.” When corn demand from U.S.<br />
ethanol plants soared in 2007, prices<br />
spiked across the border. In the “tortilla<br />
wars,” tens of thousands of protesters<br />
took to the streets of Mexico City and<br />
demanded a solution to the 50 percent<br />
increase in the price of corn tortillas, a<br />
staple of Mexican diet and culture.<br />
On the supply side, climate change is<br />
generating increased temperature volatility<br />
and alteration of precipitation patterns.<br />
In 2010, for example, a drought<br />
and heat wave decimated the Russian<br />
wheat harvest, leading to a rise in the<br />
price of flour and bread worldwide. Second,<br />
there are severe price distortions<br />
due to global investors’ hunting for<br />
safe hedges to diversify their portfolios<br />
in times of financial turmoil, turning<br />
commodities into an asset class. New<br />
investment products—food derivatives<br />
and indexed commodities—open speculative<br />
opportunities that put upward<br />
pressure on prices. Third, as urbanization<br />
grows—in 2010 more than half the<br />
world’s population became urban—land<br />
available for cultivation decreases.<br />
Finally, water mismanagement and<br />
overproduction are leading to increasing<br />
desertification, destroying previously<br />
arable land. Although not immune to<br />
criticism, biotechnology developments<br />
have the potential to counter these<br />
supply-reducing trends.<br />
Desperate for Land<br />
The nature and composition of world<br />
agricultural demand and supply are<br />
fast becoming important dimensions<br />
of international relations, opening up a<br />
2011–2012 55
new geography of power. On the bottom<br />
of the pyramid are the most deprived,<br />
the 1 billion who go to bed hungry every<br />
night. Here, food security is equivalent<br />
to hunger. In 22 countries, including<br />
Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Haiti, Sierra<br />
Leone and Somalia, food is not a matter<br />
of power and weakness but of life and<br />
death. However, in this new geopolitical<br />
landscape, there are actors who own<br />
different resources and apply distinctive<br />
strategies to advance their position.<br />
In some countries, demand outstrips<br />
supply, and it is physically impossible to<br />
move the frontier of production farther<br />
out. Because of lack of land or water,<br />
countries in Asia (China, India, Japan,<br />
Malaysia and South Korea) and the<br />
Middle East (Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait,<br />
Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab<br />
Emirates) have no way of keeping up<br />
with increased domestic demand.<br />
Leaders know agricultural shortages<br />
or food inflation are directly linked to<br />
social unrest and to potential regime<br />
breakdown. Protests for specific grievances<br />
can snowball into massive civil<br />
unrest, as the 2011 Arab revolutions<br />
seemed to confirm. Coupled with rising<br />
protectionism since the 2008 financial<br />
crisis, governments in these countries<br />
are quickly deeming trade insufficiently<br />
secure to provide for their populations.<br />
In consequence, they are grabbing land<br />
for food security. Although the means<br />
vary—acquiring grain elevators, adopting<br />
specific production agreements or<br />
leasing land—the strategic aim is the<br />
same: to secure supplies in the face of<br />
renewed competition.<br />
56 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
The controversial issue is that many<br />
of these agreements are made by stateowned<br />
companies, essentially creating<br />
foreign enclaves in producing countries.<br />
Local hostility toward “land grabs” is the<br />
rule, not the exception. In 2007, the public<br />
outcry about the China-Philippines<br />
2.5-million-acre lease for crops that<br />
would be shipped directly forced Manila<br />
to backtrack. In 2009, the government of<br />
Madagascar was toppled after it leased to<br />
Daewoo Logistics Corp., a South Korean<br />
company, half the island’s arable land for<br />
export production. How would Beijing<br />
react if, for example, the Argentine government<br />
imposed a total export ban on<br />
crops, in effect revoking the terms of an<br />
already signed lease? Should suppliers<br />
fail to comply, the only way to enforce<br />
such contracts would be through the use<br />
of retaliation or coercion.<br />
Then there are those who produce<br />
more than they consume. For agricultural<br />
producers, surplus is power. In<br />
a world that demands ever-increasing<br />
amounts of agricultural products, countries<br />
with vast extensions of fertile land<br />
and abundant freshwater resources have<br />
the upper hand. This is by no means a<br />
coordinated group, coalition or bloc. It<br />
constitutes by its very nature a heterogeneous<br />
grouping: Not all countries produce<br />
the same food commodities.<br />
Soybean Is King<br />
Soybeans are arguably the most essential<br />
input in the global food system.<br />
They are a highly efficient crop: About<br />
40 percent of the calories in soybeans<br />
are derived from protein, compared to<br />
25 percent for most other crops. This<br />
means the return per dollar spent is<br />
relatively high compared to other oilseed.<br />
For the poor, soy is an essential<br />
component of any dietary energy supply<br />
intended to inexpensively cover daily<br />
calorie requirements. For the better off,<br />
the crop is a cornerstone fodder component.<br />
And because livestock can be<br />
fed more efficiently with soybean-based<br />
feed, the massive spread of the crop has<br />
made chicken, beef and pork cheaper<br />
and more readily available worldwide.<br />
The biggest soybean producers in the<br />
world are the United States and South<br />
America; Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay<br />
combined account for half of total world<br />
exports. Demographic and environmental<br />
factors are projected to increasingly<br />
make buyers more dependent and South<br />
American sellers more competitive in<br />
the international agricultural market.<br />
Just as the rise of American economic<br />
might was made possible by a steady,<br />
secure supply of oil from the Middle<br />
East, the rise of China necessitates soybeans<br />
from South America.<br />
Assuming that relative scarcities continue<br />
to deepen and move the world into<br />
a new age of geopolitical competition,<br />
agricultural resources will be at the forefront<br />
of a global power struggle for food<br />
security. In the oil geopolitics of the 20th<br />
century, countries such as Bahrain, Iran,<br />
Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia<br />
and the United Arab Emirates became<br />
strategically relevant for U.S. foreign<br />
policy. Will the rising powers of the 21st<br />
century define core strategic interests in<br />
South American food production?<br />
If the 21st century is more about<br />
soil than oil, then Argentina, Brazil,<br />
Paraguay and Uruguay might become<br />
the geopolitical equivalent of the Persian<br />
Gulf countries. To what extent will<br />
Chinese foreign relations with Latin<br />
American agricultural exporters resemble<br />
the ones between the United States<br />
and Middle Eastern oil exporters? The<br />
answer to these questions will go far<br />
beyond <strong>SAIS</strong>’s “Year of Agriculture.” n<br />
Mariano Turzi ’07, Ph.D. ’10 is a<br />
professor in the Department of Political<br />
Science and International Studies at<br />
Torcuato Di Tella University in Buenos<br />
Aires, Argentina.
and<br />
The<br />
‘Right<br />
to Food’<br />
Foreign<br />
By Ruth Wedgwood<br />
and Tiffany Basciano<br />
Land Deals in Africa With hunger in the Horn of Africa<br />
making headlines once again, the<br />
importance of sound agricultural<br />
policy in international<br />
development is even more<br />
apparent. The sharp increase<br />
in foreign investment in largescale<br />
agriculture in Africa and elsewhere—particularly<br />
through the purchase or lease of millions of arable<br />
acres—also has prompted a heated debate over whether<br />
this aspect of international trade and investment is a<br />
positive practice.<br />
2011–2012 57
Large-scale farming facilitated by<br />
corporate agriculture can produce<br />
benefits such as job creation, infrastructure<br />
development, technology<br />
transfer, increased food security, better<br />
balance of payments through exports,<br />
and improved access to both international<br />
and local markets. Yet some critics<br />
have castigated foreign investment<br />
in corporate farming as “land grabbing”<br />
and argued that the potential<br />
costs of internationalized agriculture<br />
may include the loss of customary<br />
landholdings and expulsion of local<br />
inhabitants, unregulated environmental<br />
damage and even threats to local<br />
food security. The ongoing discussion<br />
about the relative costs and benefits of<br />
international corporate farming shows<br />
the increased attention to economic<br />
issues in the international debate over<br />
the nature of human rights.<br />
The United States has been outspoken<br />
about the importance of fighting<br />
hunger and has pledged to support a<br />
policy of “global food security.” At the<br />
G-8 summit in L’Aquila, Italy, in 2009,<br />
President Barack Obama committed<br />
$3.5 billion to support women’s roles<br />
“as critical drivers of agriculture-led<br />
economic growth in developing countries.”<br />
Women, he noted, constitute<br />
the majority of smallholder farmers in<br />
many developing countries yet often<br />
lack access to capital. Two talented<br />
Americans—Josette Sheeran (<strong>SAIS</strong>’s<br />
2011 commencement speaker) and<br />
previously Catherine Bertini (now on<br />
the faculty at Syracuse University)—<br />
have served as innovative executive<br />
directors of the U.N. World Food<br />
Programme. Under their leadership,<br />
the WFP has acknowledged that famine<br />
response in the developing world<br />
should draw on local as well as international<br />
sources of food so as not to<br />
displace local farmers.<br />
But the United States has also been<br />
cautious in framing access to food as<br />
a formal international “human right.”<br />
This caution was reflected in the Carter<br />
administration’s decision, in signing the<br />
International Covenant on Economic,<br />
Social and Cultural Rights, to provide<br />
that the rights in the covenant could<br />
not be considered “self-executing” in<br />
American law. Even the United Nations<br />
58 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
treaty-monitoring Committee on Economic,<br />
Social and Cultural Rights, sitting<br />
in Geneva, has recognized that the<br />
limits of public financing and the key<br />
role of the market mean that economic<br />
and social rights can be measured only<br />
against a standard of “progressive realization.”<br />
Nonetheless, the committee<br />
recently gained additional powers to<br />
take individual complaints under an<br />
optional protocol, which would allow<br />
U.N. monitors to decide individual<br />
cases of claimed economic rights in<br />
countries that agree.<br />
A Right to Adequate Food?<br />
Within the international human rights<br />
community, the right to be free from<br />
starvation is taken to be the prerequisite<br />
to the enjoyment of other human<br />
rights. In General Comment No. 12,<br />
the Geneva monitoring committee on<br />
economic and social rights opined that<br />
a “human right to adequate food is of<br />
crucial importance for the enjoyment of<br />
all rights.” Thus, the impact of international<br />
economic policy on the supply of<br />
food to affected communities is likely to<br />
be seen in a broad framework.<br />
Agriculture and land policy in Africa<br />
may attract attention from one other<br />
human rights body. Though there is no<br />
express “right to food” in the African<br />
Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights,<br />
the African Commission on Human<br />
and Peoples’ Rights has read a “right to
food” into the charter and argues it is a<br />
prerequisite to the effective enjoyment<br />
of a right to life, health and development<br />
as well as “education, work and<br />
political participation.”<br />
In addition, a dramatic claim that<br />
international investment in agricultural<br />
land must be assessed in light of its<br />
impact on local food supply and local<br />
producers has been put forward by<br />
Olivier De Schutter, U.N. special rapporteur<br />
on the right to food. De Schutter,<br />
who teaches at the Catholic University<br />
of Louvain and is also a member of the<br />
Hauser Global Law School faculty at<br />
New York University, has proposed a<br />
“set of minimum principles and measures<br />
to address the human rights challenge”<br />
of “large-scale land acquisitions<br />
and leases.”<br />
De Schutter’s recommendations may<br />
at times be controversial, inviting claims<br />
of micromanagement, undue suspicion<br />
of the operation of markets, undervaluing<br />
the importance of improved<br />
efficiency against rigid protection of<br />
existing ways of gaining a livelihood,<br />
along with lack of political realism<br />
about the decision-making processes of<br />
underdeveloped countries. In addition,<br />
one must recognize that a special rapporteur<br />
does not have the power, ipse dixit,<br />
to create law. But at the least, responsible<br />
corporate leaders may wish to review De<br />
Schutter’s statement of “minimum principles”<br />
as a checklist for areas that might<br />
engender political concern or potential<br />
criticism, as well as for a “red team”<br />
assessment of the wisdom of a corporate<br />
venture. And insofar as the principles<br />
may have influence with the international<br />
financial institutions that dispense<br />
loan guarantees, a corporate leader will<br />
wish to engage with their substance,<br />
whether in criticism or agreement.<br />
The rapporteur’s proposals include<br />
that governments should not approve<br />
land sales or leases that would deprive<br />
“the local population of access to productive<br />
resources indispensable to their<br />
livelihoods” and that a “human right<br />
to food would be violated if people<br />
depending on land for their livelihoods,<br />
including pastoralists, were cut off<br />
from access to land, without suitable<br />
alternatives.”<br />
De Schutter also argues, perhaps<br />
more controversially, that land sales or<br />
leases should not be permitted “if local<br />
incomes were insufficient to compensate<br />
for the price effects resulting from<br />
the shift toward production of food for<br />
exports; or if the revenues of local smallholders<br />
were to fall following the arrival<br />
on domestic markets of cheaply priced<br />
food, produced on the more competitive<br />
large-scale plantations developed<br />
thanks to the arrival of the investor.”<br />
Investing in Agriculture<br />
This protection of the status quo in<br />
poor countries could seem unsuitable<br />
to many supporters of free markets.<br />
After all, more efficient production of<br />
food may allow greater access to an<br />
adequate food supply, even for the poor.<br />
The distorting effects of the “winner takes all” politics that<br />
characterize the governance of so many developing countries<br />
may also lend support to solutions that are otherwise<br />
suboptimal. The pervasiveness of government corruption could<br />
teach the same lesson.<br />
But it is worth keeping in mind that<br />
much of the undeveloped land in African<br />
countries is owned by the state and<br />
that land policy in other countries—for<br />
example, the 19th-century federal policy<br />
on homesteading in the American<br />
West that only small holdings could<br />
receive subsidized water—has had<br />
an eye cast to theories of distributive<br />
justice.<br />
The distorting effects of the “winner<br />
takes all” politics that characterize<br />
the governance of so many developing<br />
countries may also result in solutions<br />
that are otherwise suboptimal. The pervasiveness<br />
of government corruption<br />
could teach the same lesson.<br />
In scouting this complicated terrain,<br />
American corporations, development<br />
economists and social critics may also<br />
want to review and assess the recent<br />
proposals for principles of agricultural<br />
investment policy published by the<br />
U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization<br />
and the World Bank as well as<br />
the African Union’s Framework and<br />
Guidelines on Land Policy in Africa.<br />
In the world of international politics,<br />
economics, morals and law, it does<br />
not always matter whether a proposed<br />
standard would be legally binding if the<br />
practical costs of its disregard would<br />
become excessive.<br />
But it is also good to remember what<br />
may drive a policy of open investment<br />
and open markets. There is lingering<br />
resentment in the developing world<br />
at the refusal of developed countries<br />
to allow open access to their own<br />
markets for foreign-produced agricultural<br />
goods. The failure of the World<br />
Trade Organization’s Doha Round<br />
negotiations was deeply disappointing,<br />
frustrating the desire of poorer countries<br />
to sell to wealthy markets. There<br />
may be a calculation that international<br />
investment in local agriculture is likely<br />
to bring greater international support<br />
for the lowering of agricultural tariffs<br />
generally.<br />
Agricultural investment in Africa<br />
remains important for development.<br />
It should also be responsible. As<br />
the African Commission has noted,<br />
“[T]he intervention of multinational<br />
corporations may be a potentially<br />
positive force for development if the<br />
state and the people concerned are<br />
ever mindful of the common good and<br />
the sacred rights of individuals and<br />
communities.”<br />
Foreign investment in agriculture<br />
can advance economic growth and<br />
human rights alike, where its structure<br />
and impact are carefully considered. n<br />
Ruth Wedgwood is the Edward B.<br />
Burling Professor of International Law<br />
and Diplomacy and director of the<br />
International Law and Organizations<br />
Program. She was the U.S. member<br />
of the U.N. Human Rights Committee<br />
from 2002 to 2010. Tiffany Basciano is<br />
associate director of the International<br />
Law and Organizations Program.<br />
2011–2012 59
€£¥<br />
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n, by which is meant the increasing<br />
erdependence among nations, has been a<br />
ient in enabling enormous improvement<br />
condition. While progress has not always<br />
, and has not come without dislocation<br />
e economic policy challenge has been,<br />
able the realization of the large potential<br />
balization while simultaneously reducing<br />
side effects and providing safety nets for<br />
lives are disrupted in the process.<br />
ocuses on the successes of globalization,<br />
the main economic policy challenges and<br />
t arise to enhance the benefits and lower<br />
overs different aspects of globalization,<br />
ebt restructuring, development of the<br />
tor and financial crises in Asia, Turkey,<br />
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organizations, namely the World Trade<br />
, the IMF and the World Bank.<br />
scientific.com<br />
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STRUGGLING<br />
WITHSUCCESS<br />
Challenges Facing the<br />
International Economy<br />
ISBN-13 978-981-4374-31-6<br />
ISBN-10 981-4374-31-8<br />
STRUGGLING WITH<br />
£<br />
SUCCESS<br />
Krueger<br />
¥<br />
£<br />
$<br />
Anne O Krueger<br />
¥<br />
STRUGGLING<br />
WITHSUCCESS<br />
$ £<br />
Challenges Facing the<br />
International Economy<br />
World Scientific<br />
Struggling<br />
With Success:<br />
Challenges Facing<br />
the International<br />
Economy<br />
By Anne O. Krueger<br />
World Scientific<br />
Publishing Co., 2011<br />
Krueger is a professor<br />
of International<br />
Economics.<br />
That Used to Be Us:<br />
How America Fell<br />
Behind in the World<br />
It Invented and How<br />
We Can Come Back<br />
By Michael<br />
Mandelbaum and<br />
Thomas L. Friedman<br />
Farrar, Straus & Giroux,<br />
2011<br />
Mandelbaum is the<br />
Christian A. Herter<br />
Professor of American<br />
Foreign Policy and<br />
director of the American<br />
Foreign Policy Program.<br />
in Addis Ababa in 1995 to the double US<br />
embassy bombing in the summer of 1998,<br />
as well as examining the preparation and<br />
execution of the naval terrorism attacks.<br />
In addition, Pecastaing discusses how the<br />
state of lawlessness in Somalia has led to<br />
the rise of piracy in the western Indian<br />
Ocean, offering a brief narration of the<br />
most spectacular hijackings.<br />
For foreign powers, Pecastaing concludes,<br />
the Horn of Africa is a conundrum. The<br />
strategic risk is mitigated by the logistic<br />
limitations of the local outfits and their<br />
lack of capacity to project power outside<br />
the region. The costs of trying to impose<br />
law and order most certainly outweigh<br />
the benefits, as least in financial terms.<br />
As long as local violence does not make<br />
too much of a splash in the global media,<br />
foreign governments will continue to look<br />
the other way. But with Yemen on the<br />
brink of civil war following the events of<br />
the Arab Spring, the region is calling for<br />
foreign intervention.<br />
Cover Image:<br />
DVIDS photo by Petty Officer 2nd Class Jason S. Fariss<br />
Cover Design:<br />
Jennifer Navarrette<br />
Straits of Trouble<br />
The Bab el-Mandeb, which separates the Red Sea from the<br />
Indian Ocean and joins Africa and Asia, has provided a key<br />
Eurasian trade route for at least the past 2,500 years. But the<br />
lands and coasts across the Bab el-Mandeb have for centuries<br />
had a forbidding reputation as lands of piracy and privation.<br />
In Jihad in the Arabian Sea, Camille Pecastaing examines<br />
the twenty-first-century challenges facing this troubled and<br />
treacherous region.<br />
Pecastaing looks at the past and present of the key players in<br />
the area, including Somalia, Yemen, Eritrea, Djibouti, the Sudan,<br />
and Ethiopia; he discusses the tumultuous events of the Arab<br />
Spring of 2011 and reviews the terrorist activities of Al Qaeda,<br />
the state of lawlessness that has led to the rise of piracy in the<br />
western Indian Ocean, the rise of the radical Shabab group, and<br />
the spread of extremist forms of Islam in the south. The author<br />
displays a real feel for the land, seamlessly blending history and<br />
current headlines to paint a picture of a region that, for most of<br />
the past two thousand years, has never quite evolved into the<br />
era of the modern state.<br />
About the Author<br />
Camille Pecastaing is a senior associate professor of Middle East<br />
studies at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International<br />
Studies at Johns Hopkins University. His areas of expertise<br />
include social history, behavioral sociology, and comparative<br />
politics.<br />
Hoover Institution Press<br />
Stanford University<br />
Stanford, California 94305-6010<br />
www.hooverpress.org<br />
Hoover<br />
Institution<br />
Press<br />
Political Science/Political Freedom & Security/<br />
International Security<br />
La Rivoluzione<br />
Promessa: Lettura<br />
della Costituzione<br />
Italiana (The<br />
Promised Revolution:<br />
A Reading of the<br />
Italian Constitution)<br />
By Gianfranco Pasquino<br />
B’66, ’67<br />
Bruno Mondadori, 2011<br />
Pasquino is a senior<br />
adjunct professor of<br />
European Studies at the<br />
Bologna Center.<br />
Pecastaing<br />
Jihad in the Arabian Sea<br />
Hoover<br />
Institution<br />
Press<br />
Jihad in the<br />
Arabian Sea<br />
Camille Pecastaing<br />
Jihad in the Arabian Sea Final.indd 1 7/12/11 4:20 PM<br />
Economics and the<br />
Challenge of Global<br />
Warming<br />
By Charles Pearson ’66<br />
Cambridge University<br />
Press, 2011<br />
Pearson is a professor<br />
emeritus of International<br />
Economics and a<br />
visiting lecturer at the<br />
Bologna Center.<br />
Jihad in the<br />
Arabian Sea<br />
By Camille Pecastaing<br />
’97, Ph.D. ’02<br />
Hoover Institution<br />
Press, 2011<br />
Pecastaing is acting<br />
director of the Middle<br />
East Studies Program<br />
and senior associate<br />
professor of Middle East<br />
Studies.<br />
the age of equality<br />
the twentieth century<br />
in economic perspective<br />
richard pomfret<br />
The Age of Equality:<br />
The Twentieth<br />
Century in Economic<br />
Perspective<br />
By Richard Pomfret N’89<br />
Harvard University<br />
Press, 2011<br />
Pomfret is an adjunct<br />
professor of International<br />
Economics at the<br />
Bologna Center.<br />
A<br />
t the dawn of the twenty-first<br />
century, the challenges for the countries<br />
on the shores of the Arabian Sea are<br />
many: civil war, piracy, radical Islamism,<br />
transnational terrorism, and a real risk of<br />
environmental and economic failure on<br />
both sides of the Bab el-Mandeb strait.<br />
Yet its strategic importance as a conduit<br />
for maritime trade between Asia and<br />
the Mediterranean world is as great as<br />
it was when Egyptian pharaohs built a<br />
canal between the Nile and the Red Sea.<br />
Today, as then, the lands around the Bab<br />
el-Mandeb are as difficult to pacify as the<br />
Red Sea was treacherous to navigate.<br />
In Jihad in the Arabian Sea, Camille<br />
Pecastaing leads us through the history<br />
and geography of the region, illuminating<br />
the tests it faces today. He describes<br />
the collapse of the Somali state under<br />
Siad Barre in the 1980s and details the<br />
struggle between the warlord Aideed and<br />
the UN and US forces in the early 1990s.<br />
He outlines the history of modern Yemen, Russia and the<br />
from the civil war of the 1960s to the<br />
reunification process. And he reviews the<br />
activity of Al Qaeda in the region, from Communist Past<br />
the assassination attempt against Mubarak<br />
Continued on back flap<br />
David Satter<br />
It Was<br />
a Long Time Ago,<br />
and It Never<br />
Happened Anyway<br />
It Was a Long Time<br />
Ago, and It Never<br />
Happened Anyway:<br />
Russia and the<br />
Communist Past<br />
By David Satter<br />
Yale University Press, 2011<br />
Satter is a <strong>SAIS</strong> Foreign<br />
Policy Institute fellow.<br />
Ethnic Identity and<br />
Minority Protection:<br />
Designation,<br />
Discrimination and<br />
Brutalization<br />
By Thomas Simon<br />
Rowman & Littlefield/<br />
Lexington Books,<br />
forthcoming 2012<br />
Simon is a visiting professor<br />
of International<br />
Law at the Hopkins-<br />
Nanjing Center.<br />
Ferghana Valley: The<br />
Heart of Central Asia<br />
Edited by S. Frederick<br />
Starr<br />
M. E. Sharpe, 2011<br />
Starr is chairman of the<br />
Central Asia-Caucasus<br />
Institute at <strong>SAIS</strong> and a<br />
research professor.<br />
The Emergency State:<br />
America’s Pursuit of<br />
Absolute Security at<br />
All Costs<br />
By David C. Unger<br />
Penguin Press, forthcoming<br />
2012<br />
Unger is an adjunct<br />
professor of American<br />
Foreign Policy at the<br />
Bologna Center.<br />
Libro Bianco sul<br />
Terzo Settore (White<br />
Paper on the Nonprofit<br />
Sector)<br />
Edited by Stefano<br />
Zamagni<br />
Il Mulino, 2011<br />
Zamagni is vice director<br />
of the Bologna Center<br />
and a senior adjunct<br />
professor of International<br />
Economics.<br />
—Compiled by<br />
Sarah Lerner<br />
2011–2012 61
Hungry<br />
1 Billion<br />
By Odette Boya Resta<br />
Bologna Center graduate addresses<br />
the problem of hunger with a perspective<br />
that goes beyond sound agricultural policy<br />
What do agriculture, risk, conflict, and maternal<br />
and child health have in common? All<br />
have an impact on the problem of world<br />
hunger—and they all intersect to some<br />
degree. Just ask Bologna Center graduate<br />
Brenda Lee Pearson B’89, ’90, who works<br />
for the United Nations World Food Programme<br />
(WFP), an agency at the forefront of integrating good nutrition<br />
practices into humanitarian food assistance.<br />
Pearson is global deputy<br />
coordinator of REACH,<br />
a new U.N. interagency<br />
program that tries to solve<br />
the nutrition needs of the<br />
world’s most disadvantaged<br />
and vulnerable children<br />
and women. In this role<br />
she seeks to harmonize the<br />
activities of the nutrition<br />
divisions of four U.N. agencies—WFP,<br />
UNICEF, the<br />
Food and Agriculture Organization,<br />
and the World<br />
Health Organization—to<br />
62 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
The<br />
World’s<br />
determine what catalysts are<br />
needed to implement effective<br />
public policy.<br />
There are about 1 billion<br />
hungry people in the world<br />
because of natural disasters,<br />
armed conflicts, scarce<br />
resources and unsustainable<br />
livelihoods. Pearson<br />
explained these problems<br />
are exacerbated because of<br />
weak governance and the<br />
breakdown of local institutions,<br />
“preventing countries<br />
from helping themselves.”<br />
Over the past 20 years,<br />
she worked with the U.S.<br />
Department of State and<br />
the U.S. Agency for International<br />
Development<br />
(USAID) in Asia and the<br />
Middle East; was one of the<br />
founders and original staff<br />
of the International Crisis<br />
Group, covering Kosovo<br />
and Macedonia; and served<br />
as president of an international<br />
consulting firm based<br />
in Rome and Washington,<br />
D.C. At different stages, she
Year of<br />
Agriculture<br />
at<strong>SAIS</strong><br />
has advised world leaders,<br />
including the prime ministers<br />
of Kosovo, Macedonia,<br />
Montenegro and Poland.<br />
Pearson said of her new<br />
role at REACH, “At the<br />
country level, aid coordination<br />
is imperative to tackle<br />
the problems of hunger<br />
and malnutrition. We are<br />
exiting an era of easy fixes,<br />
large global investments<br />
and pilot projects that do<br />
not make full use of existing<br />
resources and local<br />
partners at the community<br />
level. All partners, especially<br />
NGOs and the private<br />
sector, need to contribute<br />
to building sustainable local<br />
food systems.”<br />
The Hunger-Poverty Cycle<br />
The problem of world hunger<br />
is complicated because<br />
of the way hunger and<br />
poverty intersect. Hunger<br />
is a cause of poverty, and<br />
poverty causes hunger.<br />
Resulting poor health, and<br />
even mental impairment,<br />
can lead to greater poverty<br />
by reducing people’s ability<br />
to work and learn—in turn<br />
leading to even greater hunger.<br />
Risk analysis sheds light<br />
on these complexities.<br />
“There are three levels of<br />
risk analysis that need to be<br />
taken into consideration,”<br />
Pearson said. “First, the<br />
global economy and rising<br />
food and fuel prices affect<br />
poor countries’ market volatility<br />
and local food prices,<br />
which affects the poorest<br />
segments of society most<br />
severely. These political<br />
factors often put pressure<br />
on governments to charge<br />
export taxes and develop<br />
schemes to keep food supplies<br />
at home.”<br />
The second type of<br />
risk analysis, Pearson<br />
said, relates to how well<br />
2011–2012 63
countries cope with crisis<br />
management. “How do<br />
political leaders manage<br />
natural disasters, mitigate<br />
conflict arising from reduction<br />
of resources and adapt<br />
to climate changes that dis-<br />
locate farmers and reduce<br />
food supplies?”<br />
The third type of analysis<br />
is to “evaluate social risks,<br />
especially to women and<br />
children,” she said.<br />
Pearson emphasized the<br />
need to better understand<br />
how developing countries<br />
can offer protection in highrisk<br />
environments, such as<br />
local insurance programs that<br />
safeguard farmers against<br />
climate-related disaster.<br />
64 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
Political risk analysis,<br />
applied to numerous fields,<br />
is clearly a timely topic.<br />
With this in mind, the Bologna<br />
Center introduced a<br />
new course on risk last<br />
fall. Risk in International<br />
We have crossed the threshold, and there are<br />
now more people living in urban areas than in<br />
rural areas for the first time in history. Conflicts<br />
linked to food security will occur because of<br />
reduced food production in the abandoned<br />
rural areas.<br />
Political Economy is taught<br />
by Erik Jones B’89, ’90,<br />
Ph.D. ’96, professor of European<br />
Studies and director<br />
of the Bologna Institute for<br />
Policy Research, with the<br />
generous support of Bologna<br />
Center Advisory Council<br />
member Robert S. Singer<br />
JHU’72.<br />
Water and Food Fights<br />
Many of the world’s bloodiest<br />
conflicts arise out of<br />
Brenda Lee Pearson B’89, ’90<br />
with Prime Minister Hashim<br />
Thaçi of Kosovo<br />
a struggle for control of<br />
resources. Pearson’s experiences<br />
advising on conflict<br />
management in Bosnia,<br />
Kosovo and Macedonia have<br />
given her insight into how<br />
stress over agriculture and<br />
food resources could lead to<br />
conflicts in the future.<br />
“One of my most professionally<br />
rewarding experiences<br />
was in 2001, when I<br />
was in Washington, D.C.,<br />
as a senior congressional<br />
research fellow at the U.S.<br />
Institute of Peace,” Pearson<br />
said. “There was a strong<br />
possibility the simmering<br />
ethnic conflict in Macedonia<br />
would escalate and reignite<br />
nationalist flames across<br />
the region. Then-Senator<br />
Joe Biden called a congressional<br />
hearing and asked<br />
my assistance in drafting<br />
questions, while at the same<br />
time General Wesley Clark<br />
[then-Stephens Groups<br />
consultant] and Richard<br />
Perle [then-member of the<br />
Defense Policy Board of the<br />
U.S. Department of Defense]<br />
asked me to draft responses<br />
to anticipated questions.<br />
It was exhilarating to help<br />
shape American foreign<br />
policy and help prevent civil<br />
war. I also worked closely<br />
with the White House and<br />
NATO to make the case for<br />
the deployment of NATO<br />
troops in the region.”<br />
It is well known that<br />
water shortages and “land<br />
grabs” are triggers for conflict,<br />
and recent issues of<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE and Rivista have<br />
highlighted the challenges<br />
of managing the world’s<br />
dwindling water resources.<br />
That said, Pearson foresees<br />
the transborder effects of<br />
irrigation as another new<br />
flashpoint.<br />
“Yemen, where I was a<br />
country director for USAID<br />
programs in the mid-1990s,<br />
will run out of water in five<br />
to 10 years,” she said. “It<br />
has one of the world’s high-<br />
Brenda Lee Pearson B’89, ’90 discussing nutrition practices with<br />
mothers in Gaibandha district in Bangladesh
est growth rates and imports<br />
98 percent of its food.<br />
Yemen cannot afford to buy<br />
food, and the consequent<br />
social unrest will affect its<br />
neighbors.”<br />
In addition, Pearson<br />
said the “Greening Malawi”<br />
project will limit access to<br />
water inside Malawi and<br />
neighboring countries, in<br />
turn reducing the livelihood<br />
of many fishing communities.<br />
“The splitting of Sudan<br />
is another classic example<br />
of a fight for arable land and<br />
energy resources,” she said.<br />
Land grabbing is on the<br />
rise in Africa, Asia and Latin<br />
America. Richer developed<br />
countries are purchasing<br />
land in less-developed<br />
countries, and these investments<br />
are becoming a<br />
source of conflict because<br />
the buyers seldom recognize<br />
the rights of local stakeholders,<br />
domestic food security<br />
and rural development concerns.<br />
According to Pearson,<br />
unchecked “land grabs” will<br />
lead to more global food<br />
sovereignty conflicts.<br />
Another emerging source<br />
of conflict relates to urbanization<br />
emanating from<br />
internal migration from<br />
rural communities. “We<br />
have crossed the threshold,<br />
and there are now more<br />
people living in urban areas<br />
than in rural areas for the<br />
first time in history,” Pearson<br />
said. “Conflicts linked to<br />
food security will occur<br />
because of reduced food<br />
production in the abandoned<br />
rural areas.”<br />
The Role of Women<br />
The World Bank estimates<br />
that countries lose about 3<br />
percent of gross domestic<br />
product (GDP) annually if<br />
children are unhealthy when<br />
they grow to adulthood.<br />
Recent WFP studies in Latin<br />
America have put the figure<br />
at closer to 11 percent reduction<br />
in GDP. But a study by<br />
the International Food Policy<br />
Research Institute finds<br />
that across 63 countries,<br />
women’s education leads to<br />
more productive farming<br />
and results in a 43 percent<br />
decline in malnutrition.<br />
Pearson has long been<br />
passionate about educating<br />
girls. She cited that in<br />
2007, according to UNICEF,<br />
women did 66 percent of<br />
the world’s work and produced<br />
50 percent of the<br />
world’s food but earned only<br />
10 percent of the world’s<br />
income and owned only 1<br />
percent of all property.<br />
“Teaching young girls,<br />
providing them with nutritious<br />
meals, and giving them<br />
confidence and encouragement<br />
is the best investment<br />
a country can make,” she<br />
said. “Girls who remain in<br />
school marry later, postpone<br />
their first pregnancies and<br />
space their pregnancies,<br />
which breaks the cycle of<br />
undernourished pregnant<br />
adolescents giving birth to<br />
undernourished children.”<br />
Pearson said nutrition<br />
plays a critical role in a person’s<br />
life during a narrow<br />
window of time—the 1,000<br />
days that begin at the start<br />
of the mother’s pregnancy<br />
and continue through the<br />
second year of life. “The<br />
quality of nutrition during<br />
those 1,000 days can help<br />
determine whether a mother<br />
and child survive pregnancy<br />
and whether a child will<br />
contract a common childhood<br />
disease, experience<br />
enough brain development<br />
to go to school and to hold<br />
a job as an adult.” n<br />
Odette Boya Resta B’99, ’00<br />
is communications officer at<br />
the Bologna Center.<br />
Amici di Bologna 2011<br />
On June 4, nearly<br />
120 Bologna<br />
alumni from the<br />
classes of 1960 to<br />
2011—and even a couple<br />
of fresh faces from the class<br />
of 2012—gathered at 230<br />
Fifth’s glamorous rooftop<br />
garden and penthouse<br />
lounge in the heart of New<br />
York City for the fourthannual<br />
Amici di Bologna,<br />
an event reuniting Bologna<br />
Center professors and former<br />
students.<br />
The program began<br />
with opening remarks from<br />
Bologna Center Director<br />
Kenneth H. Keller and continued<br />
with an academic<br />
panel, including <strong>SAIS</strong><br />
Professors Mahrukh<br />
Doctor B’89, ’90, Mark<br />
Gilbert and Erik Jones B’89,<br />
’90, Ph.D. ’96. With a view<br />
of the Empire State Building,<br />
guests listened to a<br />
discussion about the implications<br />
of developments in<br />
Europe and South America<br />
on the Obama administration’s<br />
foreign policy agenda.<br />
The event featured<br />
two exciting door prizes:<br />
Peter Bracke B’81 and<br />
his wife, Rita, donated<br />
a weeklong stay in their<br />
Paris studio apartment, and<br />
Alison von Klemperer B’86,<br />
’87 contributed a dinner<br />
and a set of handcrafted<br />
aquamarine earrings and<br />
necklace. Young alumni<br />
Branislav Kralik B’09, ’10<br />
and Jamie Shellenberger<br />
B’10, ’11 were this year’s big<br />
winners.<br />
The event concluded<br />
with dessert and coffee, but<br />
for many amici the party<br />
flowed downtown and into<br />
the night.<br />
This year’s rooftop format<br />
encouraged fluid movement<br />
among guests, while the<br />
2010 sit-down dinner led to<br />
more sustained conversations.<br />
For the fifth-annual<br />
Amici di Bologna event in<br />
2012, the steering committee<br />
plans to offer the best<br />
of both worlds by organizing<br />
a sit-down dinner and<br />
an after-party option. Alla<br />
prossima!<br />
To help organize the<br />
2012 event, contact steering<br />
committee chair Tom<br />
Tesluk B’81, ’82 at ttesluk@<br />
gmail.com.<br />
Framed by the New York City skyline, Bologna Center Director<br />
Kenneth H. Keller, Portia Mills B’09, ’10 and guest, Professor<br />
Erik Jones B’89, ’90, Ph.D. ’96 and Bologna Center Director of<br />
Development Gabriella Chiappini<br />
2011–2012 65
Bologna Institute for Policy Research<br />
Launches in London<br />
I Bolognesi a Londra<br />
Bologna Center<br />
alumni in<br />
London were<br />
among the first<br />
to celebrate<br />
the official launch of the<br />
Bologna Institute for Policy<br />
Research (BIPR) during<br />
their annual event, I Bolognesi<br />
a Londra, on October<br />
1. Two days later, the institute<br />
announced its launch<br />
at home—in the company<br />
of 199 students from 43<br />
countries as Bologna Center<br />
Director Kenneth H. Keller<br />
opened the 2011–12 academic<br />
year.<br />
“The BIPR was founded<br />
on the strong belief that we<br />
66 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
can get more out of activities<br />
already under way at<br />
the <strong>SAIS</strong> Bologna Center,”<br />
said Erik Jones B’89, ’90,<br />
Ph.D. ’96, BIPR director<br />
and professor of European<br />
Studies. “The community<br />
at the Bologna Center is<br />
rich enough—and the intellectual<br />
resources we can tap<br />
through the wider Johns<br />
Hopkins enterprise are deep<br />
enough—that we should be<br />
able to do more with what<br />
we have to make a positive<br />
contribution to policy<br />
debates in Europe.”<br />
During its first months<br />
of activity, the BIPR has<br />
already begun to support<br />
From left to right at I Bolognesi a Londra, Martin Fraenkel<br />
B’83, ’84; Mimi Lowe Armstrong B’82, ’83; Bologna Center<br />
Director Kenneth H. Keller; Hans Hoogervorst B’82, ’83 and<br />
guest Marisa Polin; Armstrong’s guest, Louis Armstrong; and<br />
Fraenkel’s guest, Paola Giunti<br />
tangibly the research activities<br />
of the Bologna Center.<br />
Its new suite of offices steps<br />
away from the teaching<br />
building provides workspace<br />
for its first associate<br />
research fellows, Elisabetta<br />
Magnani and Rob Shum,<br />
and <strong>SAIS</strong> Ph.D. candidate<br />
Bilal Erdogan and doctoral<br />
student Giuliana Mascagni.<br />
Special short courses at the<br />
Bologna Center brought<br />
BIPR its first visiting fellows,<br />
Gary Sick (Columbia<br />
University) and Charles<br />
Pearson ’66 (<strong>SAIS</strong> and<br />
Academy of Vienna), who<br />
taught four-part seminars<br />
on “The United States in the<br />
Persian Gulf: From Outlier<br />
to Empire” and “Economics<br />
and the Challenge of Global<br />
Warming,” respectively.<br />
BIPR’s mission is to promote<br />
problem-oriented,<br />
interdisciplinary research in<br />
international policy, drawing<br />
on the global network<br />
of <strong>SAIS</strong> scholars and the<br />
comparative advantage of<br />
the Bologna Center as a<br />
transatlantic institution<br />
for research and teaching<br />
with more than 50 years<br />
of experience in Europe.<br />
Resident faculty fellows lead<br />
BIPR research programs<br />
in six main policy areas;<br />
each research program is<br />
enriched by visiting<br />
scholar residencies,<br />
seminars, conferences<br />
and publications.<br />
During the fall<br />
semester, BIPR<br />
hosted more than 25<br />
thematic seminars<br />
at the Bologna Center,<br />
using student<br />
research assistants to<br />
create lecture summaries<br />
and video<br />
interviews, materials<br />
that were then published<br />
online.<br />
“Our goal from<br />
day one is to make<br />
content coming out<br />
of the BIPR and the<br />
Bologna Center available<br />
to our public<br />
in a useful and<br />
timely manner,” said<br />
Kathryn Knowles<br />
B’01, ’02, who is<br />
working with Keller<br />
and Jones to develop<br />
a road map for BIPR’s
first year. “This is an initial<br />
step toward our objective of<br />
becoming a pivotal forum<br />
for thought and debate in<br />
international public policy.”<br />
Intellectual and financial<br />
support for BIPR was<br />
provided by Johns Hopkins<br />
University President<br />
Ronald Daniels, whose seed<br />
contribution was critical in<br />
shaping the scale of BIPR’s<br />
efforts. Additional support<br />
from <strong>SAIS</strong> Advisory Council<br />
member Robert J. Abernethy<br />
JHU’62 made it possible<br />
to move quickly toward a<br />
formal launch. One of the<br />
institute’s first endeavors<br />
was to undertake a review<br />
of how other Western<br />
European policy research<br />
institutes are funded. Valeria<br />
Calderoni B’11 played a<br />
key role in this project<br />
and continues to work<br />
with BIPR and the Bologna<br />
Center Development<br />
Office to identify academic<br />
grantmaking programs and<br />
foundations to support<br />
research programs.<br />
In September, BIPR<br />
submitted its first funding<br />
application for its program<br />
“Implications of the Global<br />
Economic and Financial<br />
Crisis.”<br />
“Research proposals are<br />
arriving with encouraging<br />
regularity from interested<br />
academics, and early<br />
momentum of the institute<br />
is strong,” said Jones. “These<br />
intellectual pursuits are only<br />
possible, however, because<br />
of the capable team behind<br />
us. If a central aspect of<br />
Director Keller’s vision is for<br />
the BIPR to develop as an<br />
integral part of the Bologna<br />
Center, it is the actions of<br />
the entire center staff and<br />
faculty that make it so.”<br />
Follow BIPR’s activities at<br />
www.jhubc.it/bipr.<br />
Alumni Weekend 2011<br />
Three hundred<br />
alumni<br />
reunited in<br />
Bologna from<br />
April 29 to<br />
May 1 for the<br />
annual Alumni Weekend,<br />
an occasion for Bologna<br />
Center classmates, faculty<br />
and staff to reconnect. The<br />
classes of 1956, 1966, 1970,<br />
1971, 1985, 1986, 1990,<br />
1991, 2001 and 2006 were<br />
all well represented at the<br />
event. The first Bologna<br />
Center class of 1955–56<br />
celebrated 55 years since<br />
graduation, while the 80<br />
members of the class of<br />
2006 raised a glass to their<br />
five-year anniversary.<br />
The opening events were<br />
held Friday evening at the<br />
Arena del Sole, a theater<br />
and city landmark on Via<br />
dell’Indipendenza. Bologna<br />
Center Director Kenneth H.<br />
Keller kicked off the evening<br />
by welcoming alumni<br />
with a speech on the success<br />
of the building renewal<br />
campaign and on upcoming<br />
projects. This was followed<br />
by a roundtable discussion<br />
on “Politics in the Age of<br />
Austerity,” moderated by<br />
Professor Erik Jones B’89,<br />
’90, Ph.D. ’96 and featuring<br />
Tom Row JHU’78, B’79, ’80,<br />
Ph.D. ’88, Dana Allin B’85,<br />
’86, Ph.D. ’90 and Lanxin<br />
Xiang B’84, ’85, Ph.D. ’90.<br />
Saturday’s events were<br />
held at the center. The<br />
morning’s main conference,<br />
“Reflections on Teaching at<br />
the Bologna Center,” featured<br />
Professor John Harper<br />
B’76, ’77, Ph.D. ’81 and<br />
Pierre Hassner, emeritus<br />
research director at the Centre<br />
d’études et de recherches<br />
internationals in Montreal,<br />
who taught at the Bologna<br />
Center in the 1960s and<br />
1970s.<br />
This year, for the first<br />
time, alumni participated in<br />
class sessions held on Saturday<br />
morning by Professors<br />
Marco Cesa, Mahrukh<br />
Doctor B’89, ’90, David<br />
Ellwood B’71, Mark Gilbert,<br />
Arthur Rachwald and<br />
Vera Zamagni. Attendees<br />
expressed enthusiasm about<br />
this new “Alumni Back to<br />
Class” series.<br />
Alumni and guests<br />
gathering for<br />
opening cocktails<br />
at the Arena del<br />
Sole theater<br />
After the traditional buffet<br />
luncheon, a panel of 50<br />
alumni from 15 countries<br />
answered student questions<br />
on career paths in foreign<br />
service, political risk,<br />
finance, the environment,<br />
international development<br />
and other sectors.<br />
In the evening, classes<br />
met separately for dinner in<br />
various restaurants around<br />
town.<br />
The three-day event<br />
concluded with Sunday<br />
morning visits to local<br />
attractions. Alumni could<br />
experience new aspects of<br />
the city, such as the permanent<br />
collection of the<br />
recently relocated museum<br />
of contemporary art and the<br />
stunning Manifattura delle<br />
Arti, an artistic hub with<br />
a collection of postindustrial<br />
architecture, or take<br />
walking tours of Bologna’s<br />
Renaissance highlights or<br />
hidden treasures.<br />
This year’s Alumni Weekend<br />
will be held April 27–29.<br />
Visit www.jhubc.it/aw2011 to<br />
view photos from the 2011 event.<br />
2011–2012 67
Autumn is a contradictory time for<br />
us university folk, as Johns Hopkins<br />
University President Ronald Daniels<br />
pointed out in his September<br />
message welcoming students,<br />
faculty and staff back to campus.<br />
In the world of nature’s seasons,<br />
of solstices and equinoxes, autumn is a period of<br />
waning: Shadows lengthen, mornings and days cool,<br />
and while we bid farewell to a time of lushness and<br />
thriving, we welcome the harvest as our thoughts<br />
turn to nestling down for a winter’s rest.<br />
68 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
By Jason D. Patent<br />
In Nanjing:<br />
Sowing<br />
Seeds of<br />
Possibility<br />
But for those of us engaged in the<br />
mission of education, it is our great<br />
fortune to enjoy in autumn a second<br />
spring: a time not only of sowing<br />
but also of blossoming as we embark<br />
on another year of exploration and<br />
learning.<br />
The Hopkins-Nanjing Center for<br />
Chinese and American Studies (HNC)<br />
in Nanjing, China, has sprung to life;<br />
164 students from China, the United<br />
States and six other nations have<br />
arrived and are attending classes.<br />
Eighteen Chinese faculty and eight<br />
international faculty are teaching<br />
our students in courses ranging from
Chinese Government and Politics to<br />
Game Theory to Modernity and World<br />
Social Thought. Students feel the pressure<br />
of adjusting to classroom immersion<br />
in their target languages—but,<br />
like students in previous years, they<br />
will discover internal resources they<br />
never knew they had. The fruit of<br />
their struggles will be an augmented<br />
repertoire of fresh ways of conceptualizing<br />
both the world around them and,<br />
even more crucially, the human beings<br />
around them—including their confoundingly<br />
other, and stubborn, views<br />
of the world and how it should be.<br />
Turning to the <strong>SAIS</strong> “Year of Agriculture”<br />
theme, last year and this year<br />
have seen field trips and research dedicated<br />
to agriculture—not surprising<br />
in a country where more than a third<br />
of the population is still primarily<br />
engaged in growing food.<br />
Last spring, Professor Adam Webb<br />
led a field trip for his Politics of Rural<br />
Development class to a village in<br />
nearby Anhui Province, where students<br />
interviewed farmers and spent<br />
the night in locals’ homes. This year<br />
Professor Zhao Shudong will again<br />
lead students on field trips to the<br />
northern part of Jiangsu Province to<br />
see how agricultural policies affect<br />
farmers. And second-year master of<br />
arts in International Studies student<br />
Shirlene Yee N’12 will be conducting<br />
field research in Taiwan on various<br />
aspects of agriculture, including<br />
the impact of cross-Strait policies on<br />
farmers’ livelihoods and on the everdeepening<br />
ties between Taiwan and<br />
the mainland.<br />
Personally, I could not be more<br />
thrilled to be the new American codirector<br />
of this ever-more-venerable<br />
institution. And yet, the accumulation<br />
of years—25 under our belts, now<br />
into a 26th—has done nothing to dim<br />
the shine of the radical idea made real<br />
For those of us engaged in the mission of education, it is our<br />
great fortune to enjoy in autumn a second spring: a time not only<br />
of sowing but also of blossoming as we embark on another year<br />
of exploration and learning.<br />
by JHU President Steven Muller and<br />
Nanjing University President Kuang<br />
Yaming. If anything, as Sino-Western<br />
educational opportunities continue to<br />
expand and as prospective students<br />
have more and more options, the<br />
unique advantages of the HNC as a<br />
place where Chinese and international<br />
Year of<br />
Agriculture<br />
at<strong>SAIS</strong><br />
Hopkins<br />
Scholars at<br />
HNC<br />
Students are not the only<br />
ones seeking to understand<br />
the new global balance<br />
with Asia. Academics<br />
are also finding ways<br />
that China influences<br />
their fields of study. In this vein, the<br />
Hopkins-Nanjing Center is pleased<br />
to host the Hopkins Scholars Program<br />
in conjunction with the Foreign<br />
Policy Institute (FPI) at <strong>SAIS</strong>.<br />
Born of a recognized need for highquality<br />
individual and collaborative<br />
research between U.S.-based scholars<br />
and the rest of the world, this<br />
program will encourage comparative<br />
analyses and interdisciplinary projects<br />
in Nanjing.<br />
Two scholars will be selected by<br />
an academic committee to take up<br />
residence and pursue their topics<br />
of study at the HNC. This initiative<br />
will also bring two in-depth research<br />
projects and new discussions to<br />
the center, contributing to the<br />
intellectual stimulation of other<br />
scholars-in-residence, center faculty<br />
and students.<br />
Johns Hopkins University’s<br />
increased contribution to scholarly<br />
research at the HNC will create a<br />
pipeline for future faculty at the<br />
center, in collaboration with the FPI.<br />
This is an important step in informing<br />
the academic and practitioner<br />
communities of the resources that<br />
exist in Nanjing. The ultimate goal is<br />
to feature the center as a place to conduct<br />
research and to share expertise<br />
on and in China.<br />
The Hopkins Scholars Program<br />
was made possible by the university’s<br />
Benjamin and Rhea Yeung Center<br />
for Collaborative China Studies,<br />
which seeks to deepen understanding<br />
between the United States and China<br />
through collaboration among the<br />
various Johns Hopkins schools and<br />
academic programs. —Emily Kessler<br />
2011–2012 69
students, faculty and staff come together<br />
to live, learn, eat and sleep stand in<br />
clearer relief than ever.<br />
This year we are especially excited to<br />
launch a new venture sponsored by the<br />
Hassenfeld Family Foundation, longtime<br />
supporters of the HNC. The program,<br />
known as the Hassenfeld Social Enterprise<br />
Fund, will provide select teams of<br />
Chinese and international M.A. students<br />
with the opportunity to create, launch,<br />
run and eventually hand off projects<br />
that use innovative measures to meet<br />
pressing needs (see sidebar on page 71).<br />
The seeds our students will sow through<br />
the fund will bear fruit for years, even<br />
decades, to come.<br />
This June we will formally mark the<br />
25th anniversary of the center’s first<br />
graduating class. President Daniels and<br />
his counterpart, Nanjing University<br />
President Chen Jun, will lead our celebration<br />
(see sidebar at right).<br />
The event comes at the close of<br />
a spring semester that will see the<br />
welcoming of two Hopkins Scholars,<br />
funded by the Benjamin and Rhea Yeung<br />
Center for Collaborative China Studies<br />
at JHU (see sidebar on page 69).<br />
The Yeung Center, launched last year,<br />
expands opportunities for scholars and<br />
researchers across the university’s many<br />
divisions to partner with Chinese organizations<br />
in conducting cutting-edge<br />
research. The Hopkins Scholars Program<br />
will strengthen research ties between the<br />
HNC and greater Johns Hopkins.<br />
Sowing and reaping, reaping and<br />
sowing: This is our year-in, year-out<br />
work in the world of education. This<br />
June, as we welcome Daniels to Nanjing<br />
and join with our Nanjing University<br />
partners to celebrate, we will reap the<br />
rich and unique harvest of hearts and<br />
minds that now see a world that is both<br />
quite a bit smaller and unfathomably<br />
larger than the one they had known<br />
just a fall, winter and spring earlier. And<br />
of course we will sow, as we always do,<br />
the springtime seeds of curiosity and<br />
possibility that are the heart and soul<br />
of the HNC, and of all we do at <strong>SAIS</strong><br />
and JHU. n<br />
Jason D. Patent is American co-director of<br />
the Hopkins-Nanjing Center for Chinese<br />
and American Studies.<br />
70 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
HNC Celebrates 25 Years<br />
The theme of the Hopkins-Nanjing Center’s 25th anniversary celebration,<br />
to be held June 15–17 in Nanjing, will be “HNC: Yesterday,<br />
Today and Tomorrow.” Events will include a gathering of all past<br />
co-directors (“yesterday”), the commencement ceremony (“today”),<br />
and a summit where alumni and center leaders can discuss their<br />
vision for the HNC’s next<br />
25 years (“tomorrow”).<br />
In honor of Kuang Yaming and<br />
Steven Muller, the two visionary<br />
university presidents who brought<br />
the center to life in 1986, JHU President<br />
Ronald Daniels and Nanjing<br />
University President Chen Jun will<br />
preside over the festivities.<br />
Many graduates consider their<br />
time at the Hopkins-Nanjing Center<br />
a life-changing experience. After<br />
25 years of commencement cer-<br />
emonies and the awarding of more<br />
than 2,000 certificates and master’s<br />
degrees, the HNC community looks<br />
forward to revisiting the notable<br />
achievements of the center and its<br />
many distinguished alumni.<br />
“The 25th anniversary celebrations<br />
will be a very special opportunity<br />
for the big Hopkins-Nanjing<br />
Center family to gather together and<br />
share with each other the ways in<br />
which the center has affected their<br />
lives,” said Chinese Co-Director<br />
Huang Chengfeng. Her American<br />
counterpart, Jason D. Patent, added,<br />
“China and the world have changed<br />
so much over the past 25 years. The<br />
gathering this June should celebrate<br />
the hard work of this year’s graduates<br />
and also help us sharpen our<br />
vision for the center’s next quarter<br />
century.”<br />
Ma Yunxia N’87, a member of<br />
HNC’s first graduating class and<br />
a director at Deloitte in New York<br />
City, sees the 25th anniversary gathering<br />
as an opportunity to reconnect<br />
with classmates, who have scattered<br />
to the four corners of the globe and<br />
to many different careers. “My life<br />
certainly was affected significantly<br />
by my time at the Hopkins-Nanjing<br />
Then ...<br />
... And Now<br />
Center,” she said. “I want to see the next generation have the same opportunities<br />
my classmates and I had to learn and to make lifelong friends across<br />
cultures.”<br />
—Patrick Cranley
Hassenfeld Fund<br />
Will Let Students<br />
Work With Local<br />
Communities on<br />
Social <strong>Issue</strong>s<br />
This year, Hopkins-<br />
Nanjing Center students<br />
have an opportunity that<br />
no other students have<br />
enjoyed in the center’s<br />
25-year history. Thanks<br />
to the generosity and vision of the<br />
Hassenfeld Family Foundation—a<br />
stalwart supporter of the center<br />
over the years—the HNC has created<br />
the Hassenfeld Social Enterprise<br />
Fund to allow students to<br />
apply their knowledge to solving<br />
problems.<br />
Taking the collaborative spirit<br />
of the HNC to new heights, the<br />
fund will enable mixed teams of<br />
Chinese and international students<br />
to devise and implement innovative<br />
solutions to difficult issues.<br />
The competition selection<br />
committee, which will reveal the<br />
winning project in early 2012,<br />
included students, faculty and<br />
alumni—all equally distributed<br />
between Chinese and international<br />
participants. The committee<br />
chose the project with the greatest<br />
potential and best plan for continuing<br />
the impact of the project<br />
beyond the two-year timeline. All<br />
students are eligible to build teams<br />
and apply. Year one of the program<br />
may focus less on social entrepreneurship<br />
and more on creating<br />
ways to spread the HNC’s accomplishments<br />
to a larger audience.<br />
The Hassenfeld family has<br />
funded the venture through an<br />
endowment gift that will make it<br />
a permanent feature of the HNC<br />
experience.<br />
The HNC community is watching<br />
with great anticipation as the<br />
fund takes shape and leads the<br />
center into exciting, uncharted<br />
waters.<br />
—Jason D. Patent<br />
Academic Life at the<br />
Hopkins-Nanjing Center<br />
Students at the Hopkins-Nanjing Center enroll in the two-year master of<br />
arts in International Studies or the one-year, graduate-level certificate<br />
program in Chinese and American Studies. Eight distinguished professors<br />
from the U.S., U.K. and Israel join the Nanjing University faculty<br />
in challenging Chinese, American and international students to explore<br />
issues in international relations; comparative politics; economic systems;<br />
Chinese, American and international law; and the modern histories and contemporary<br />
societies of China and the United States.<br />
An elective mini-course series brings expert<br />
practitioners to the center to teach in specialty<br />
subject areas. Mini-courses this past year<br />
included Urbanization in China taught by Toby<br />
Lincoln, lecturer in modern Chinese urban<br />
history at the University of Leicester; Alternative<br />
Vision in American Cinema taught by Paula<br />
Rabinowitz, visiting Fulbright Distinguished<br />
Lecturer in American culture and professor of<br />
English at the University of Minnesota; and<br />
Chinese Labor in Its Domestic and International<br />
Context taught by Seth Gurgel, New York<br />
University law professor.<br />
Faculty and students engaged in a variety<br />
of extracurricular activities. The 2010-11<br />
academic year began with the Jessup International<br />
Law Moot Court Competition team’s regular<br />
practices for their competition. In February 2011, the team went to Jinan for<br />
the Chinese national competition, where they placed sixth against the best teams<br />
in China. All four of the HNC team oralists finished in the top 15 competitors individually,<br />
with first place taken by the center’s own Stanley Seiden N’11.<br />
The HNC dragon boat team began practice in the spring for the annual Duanwu<br />
Festival in June. Their efforts resulted in a third-place win for all of Nanjing before<br />
an audience that included Maryland Governor Martin O’Malley.<br />
2011–2012 71
Events at the Center<br />
The Hopkins-Nanjing Center hosts lectures, seminars and<br />
conferences throughout the year that attract practitioners,<br />
scholars and field experts to the center’s unique cross-cultural<br />
environment and its modern, high-tech facilities. Among<br />
recent campus speakers and events:<br />
n Ding Xinghao, professor and chair of the Shanghai Institute of<br />
American Studies, lectured on “Sino-American Relations: Walking<br />
Out of Crisis.”<br />
n An Ping, public<br />
relations director for the<br />
Committee of 100; Dean<br />
Baquet, then-assistant<br />
managing editor and<br />
Washington bureau chief<br />
for The New York Times;<br />
Rana Foroohar, deputy<br />
editor for Newsweek; John<br />
Gapper, associate editor<br />
and columnist for the<br />
Financial Times; David<br />
Ignatius, associate editor<br />
and columnist for The Washington Post; and Tavis Smiley, talk<br />
show host for PBS and Public Radio International, participated in<br />
a Committee of 100 panel discussion on journalism in Asia. �<br />
n Martin O’Malley, governor of<br />
Maryland, discussed his state’s<br />
China connections and U.S.-<br />
China relations. �<br />
n Chas. W. Freeman Jr., chairman<br />
of Projects International, spoke on<br />
“The United States, China and the<br />
New Global Geometry.”<br />
n Sheng Jia, history professor at<br />
Xiamen University, lectured on<br />
the American Revolution and how<br />
it is viewed by Chinese Communist<br />
Party members.<br />
n Douglas Woodring, ’86, co-founder<br />
and director of Project Kaisei, spoke on “Marine Debris and the<br />
North Pacific Gyre—How Plastic Is Impacting Our Planet, and<br />
How You Can Impact Change.”<br />
n Gaafar Karrar Ahmed, strategic expert in Asian affairs at the Ministry<br />
of Foreign Affairs of Qatar, discussed “Recent Political Development<br />
in Sudan and Egypt and Its Meaning to China.”<br />
n Cheng Tai-Heng, professor of law at the Center for International<br />
Law at New York University Law School, delivered a lecture on<br />
“When International Law Works: Bridging Political and Theoretical<br />
Divides.”<br />
n Richard Brubaker, founder of Collective Responsibility, spoke on<br />
social entrepreneurship and its impact in China.<br />
n Zhou Lei, N’03, editor in chief of Link Times, gave a presentation on<br />
his experiences at the news magazine and the “Best Commentary<br />
and Southwest China Research Initiative.”<br />
For more information about events at the center, email saisnanjing@jhu.edu.<br />
72 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
HNC Alumni Activity<br />
The Hopkins-Nanjing Center’s 2,100 alumni<br />
are the best evidence of the international<br />
impact of the center; they affect Sinointernational<br />
relations through diplomacy,<br />
business, nonprofit organizations and<br />
other channels. Alumni connect with each other<br />
through formal and informal means, attending<br />
group events in cities such as Beijing, Chicago,<br />
Hong Kong, Los Angeles, New York, Paris, San<br />
Francisco, Seattle, Shanghai and Washington,<br />
D.C. HNC alumni visit the center each year to<br />
give lectures, participate in workshops and connect<br />
with students, professors and fellow alumni.<br />
At the 25th HNC commencement ceremony on<br />
June 10, Zhao Xiaoping N’02, China’s representative<br />
for Strata Mining, delivered the Chinese commencement<br />
address, and Gerald Chan, co-founder<br />
of Morningside, a diversified investment group,<br />
delivered the American address.<br />
Career Day 2011<br />
In March, HNC alumni gave their time and<br />
expertise to assist students attending the annual<br />
Hopkins-Nanjing Center Career Day in Shanghai.<br />
Sponsored by W.P. Carey & Co., Deloitte China,<br />
Noble Group, Chubb Insurance (China) Company<br />
Ltd., Autocraft and Amway, the daylong<br />
event allowed students to engage with alumni<br />
and friends of the center through panel discussions,<br />
mock interviews, a networking lunch and<br />
happy hour. The keynote speaker at lunch was<br />
James McGregor, author of One Billion Customers:<br />
Lessons From the Front Lines of Doing Business in<br />
China, former CEO of Dow Jones & Company in<br />
China, and former Wall Street Journal bureau chief<br />
in China and Taiwan.<br />
For more information about alumni activities, contact<br />
Emily Kessler at ekessler@jhu.edu.
Leaders<br />
Future<br />
Putting Degrees in Reach for All Students<br />
for the<br />
Past, present and future <strong>SAIS</strong> students come from<br />
across the country and around the world. Potential<br />
comes from every background imaginable, but<br />
resources do not, unfortunately.<br />
With that in mind, Leaders for the Future is<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong>’s ongoing initiative to ensure our financial aid resources<br />
meet the needs of our promising students. In 2011, <strong>SAIS</strong><br />
raised $4,214,275 in fellowship support, including $2 million<br />
in current-use gifts—to be expended within the next few<br />
years—and $2.2 million added to the endowment to provide<br />
fellowship income for many<br />
years to come.<br />
Some of the gifts are highlighted<br />
on the following pages. Additional<br />
gifts include a full two-year fellowship<br />
from the Forster Family<br />
Foundation; major contributions to<br />
endowed fellowships from Robert<br />
Carr B’64, ’64, Tom Kearney ’91,<br />
Lee Kempler ’91, Joe Lipscomb ’91<br />
and Paul Liu ’86; and the establishment<br />
of a second Student Revolving<br />
Loan Fund underwritten by John<br />
McGillian JHU’74.<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong>’s Annual Fund lets everyone<br />
play a role in placing a <strong>SAIS</strong><br />
degree within reach of the students<br />
who seek it. For more information,<br />
contact Michael Roberts,<br />
assistant director of development<br />
operations, at mroberts@jhu.edu or<br />
202.663.5630.<br />
Rebecca Keller B’10, ’11,<br />
the Virginia Linthicum<br />
Dukert Fellow, with Joseph<br />
Dukert B’56, ’93, Ph.D. ’05<br />
at <strong>SAIS</strong>’s annual Fellowship<br />
Reception in February 2011<br />
2011–2012 73
2011 almon<br />
<strong>Current</strong>-use<br />
Fellowships<br />
Herbert Dinerstein<br />
Fellowship<br />
Established by Kate S.<br />
Tomlinson ’79<br />
Aziza Ghori Fellowship<br />
Established by Amjad A.<br />
Ghori ’86<br />
Eteri Loria Kikvadze<br />
Fellowship<br />
Established by George<br />
Kikvadze ’01<br />
J. Michael Barrett<br />
Fellowship<br />
Established by J. Michael<br />
Barrett ’01 and<br />
Catherine Barrett<br />
Vincent Broze<br />
Fellowship<br />
Established by Vincent J.<br />
Broze ’71<br />
Franklin M. Berger<br />
Fellowship<br />
Established by Franklin<br />
M. Berger B’72, ’72<br />
Cole Frates Fellowship<br />
Established by D. Cole<br />
Frates B’94, ’95<br />
Dr. Rajko Medenica<br />
Fellowship<br />
Established by Deborah<br />
A. Medenica ’97<br />
Nishaya Mangklapruk<br />
and Khanh Pham<br />
Fellowship<br />
Established by Nishaya<br />
Mangklapruk ’01<br />
Helmut Sonnenfeldt<br />
Fellowship<br />
Established by Babette<br />
Sonnefeldt Lubben ’85<br />
and Gary, Eric and<br />
Annie Lubben<br />
74 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
Join the <strong>Current</strong>-use<br />
Fellowship Challenge<br />
A bequest<br />
from the estate of David Almon ’53 and Grace Almon, combined<br />
with matching funds from <strong>SAIS</strong> alumni, provided 10 members<br />
of the class of 2013 with generous fellowships worth $30,000 each.<br />
Awarded to the students over two years, the fellowships will reduce<br />
their tuition by nearly half.<br />
Director of Admissions Sidney Jackson credited the fellowships with<br />
helping to recruit top students to <strong>SAIS</strong>. “We know our applicants want<br />
to come to <strong>SAIS</strong> and that<br />
financial aid is a critical<br />
component driving their decision,” he said. “The<br />
students who were offered these fellowships were<br />
quick to choose <strong>SAIS</strong>.”<br />
To continue to provide our admissions team<br />
with the tools needed to recruit the best and brightest—and<br />
to give our alumni the opportunity to<br />
leverage the impact of their gifts—<strong>SAIS</strong> will offer<br />
10 of these significant fellowships to members of<br />
the class of 2014. Contributions of $15,000, which<br />
can be paid over two years, will be matched dollarfor-dollar<br />
with general <strong>SAIS</strong> fellowship funds for a<br />
total of $30,000 over two years. Fellowships can be<br />
named in honor of the donor, a family member or a<br />
member of <strong>SAIS</strong>’s faculty.<br />
Commitments are needed by March 1. To join<br />
this effort, contact Spencer Abruzzese, associate<br />
director of development, at spencera@jhu.edu or<br />
202.663.5646.<br />
“The <strong>Current</strong>-use Fellowship<br />
Challenge provided us with a<br />
wonderful opportunity to renew<br />
our family’s support of the<br />
Helmut Sonnenfeldt Fellowship<br />
in honor of my father, a distinguished<br />
public servant, a JHU<br />
alumnus and trustee emeritus,<br />
and a former member of<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong>’s faculty. The generous<br />
matching funds provided by<br />
the challenge will significantly<br />
impact the fellowship award<br />
and will make a meaningful<br />
difference for the student who<br />
receives it.”<br />
—Babette Sonnenfeldt Lubben ’85<br />
Dean Jessica P. Einhorn ’70 with Marjorie Sonnenfeldt, wife of Helmut Sonnenfeldt JHU’50, JHU’51,<br />
whom the Sonnenfeldt fellowship honors, at the annual Fellowship Reception in February 2011
Lives<br />
Aldie<br />
“<br />
Chapin<br />
gave me a<br />
chance when<br />
I needed<br />
it most,”<br />
said Gregg<br />
Smith ’67 to a group of<br />
Chapin’s family and friends<br />
gathered at <strong>SAIS</strong> in October<br />
2010 to honor the alumnus<br />
and beloved member of the<br />
school’s staff.<br />
When Smith arrived at <strong>SAIS</strong> in<br />
1965, having just returned from the<br />
Peace Corps, the financial aid he was<br />
counting on had fallen through. “I did<br />
not have anything to fall back on. I<br />
went to Aldie, and he told me not to<br />
worry, that he would take care of it.<br />
And he did. Today I am a proud member<br />
of the class of 1967.”<br />
Stories about Aldus Chapin ’53<br />
abound. While studying to become one<br />
of <strong>SAIS</strong>’s first graduates, he hid behind<br />
a big football player named Woodie<br />
Vest ’53 in Dean Philip Thayer’s international<br />
law class in the hopes the<br />
dean would not call on him, according<br />
to The Story of <strong>SAIS</strong>. Nevertheless,<br />
Chapin’s <strong>SAIS</strong> education helped him<br />
find a job and success in public service<br />
as a CIA case officer. He later became<br />
assistant dean of <strong>SAIS</strong>, where he oversaw<br />
admissions, development and several<br />
other offices. Drawn by his greatest<br />
passion—art—he eventually left <strong>SAIS</strong><br />
and became executive director the<br />
FinAnCiAL<br />
Aid<br />
Changes<br />
Classmates John Franklin Jr. ’67, Alan Platt B’67, ’67, Bonnie Wilson B’67, ’67, Ph.D. ’71,<br />
Gregg Smith ’67 and John McLaughlin B’66, ’66 at the reception honoring Aldus Chapin ’53<br />
Corcoran Gallery of Art. He spent the<br />
remainder of his celebrated career as<br />
a respected leader in the Washington,<br />
D.C., arts community.<br />
When Chapin died in 2009, a<br />
group of family and friends established<br />
the Aldie Chapin Fellowship to ensure<br />
promising students like Smith were<br />
guaranteed a space at <strong>SAIS</strong>. The effort<br />
raised $237,000. Chapin’s brother<br />
and JHU Trustee Chris Angell made a<br />
lead gift in honor of his older brother.<br />
Smith made the largest contribution,<br />
rededicating a fellowship in his own<br />
name to the Chapin Fellowship.<br />
Smith went on to establish a new<br />
full fellowship with a generous $1<br />
million gift. A cancer survivor who<br />
had been given months to live just a<br />
few years ago, Smith added, “Thanks<br />
to Aldie, I know something of second<br />
chances.”<br />
2011–2012 75
Tomorrow’s<br />
Leaders,<br />
Today’s<br />
Philanthropists<br />
The Classes of 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011<br />
Over the past five years, recent<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong> graduates have contributed<br />
more than $200,000<br />
in fellowship support to<br />
ensure that talented students<br />
could have access to the<br />
same world-class education,<br />
distinguished faculty and<br />
remarkable fellow students<br />
that defined their own <strong>SAIS</strong><br />
experience.<br />
Despite facing a historically challenging job environment<br />
and carrying the burden of school loans, these graduates<br />
have demonstrated a level of philanthropic engagement<br />
and dedication that exemplifies the type of student<br />
who is attracted to <strong>SAIS</strong> and will represent the school long<br />
into the future.<br />
This trend started in 2007 with a group of students<br />
who believed that their class could make a significant<br />
financial contribution to <strong>SAIS</strong>. They successfully mobilized<br />
their fellow students to make a commitment that<br />
would be fulfilled in the first year after commencement.<br />
The trend caught on, and now each class holds a fund Henry Nuzum ’07—center, with Mirentxu Arrivillaga ’07 and Hagin<br />
drive to continue to provide needed fellowship support and Elawad B’06, ’07—helped mobilize his classmates to establish<br />
a class giving program, launching a powerful new tradition of<br />
to establish an early tradition of philanthropy among our<br />
philanthropy among graduating students that continues today.<br />
alumni.<br />
Highlights:<br />
n The class of 2007 boasts a lifetime philanthropic participant rate of 66 percent, compared with an<br />
annual participation rate for all <strong>SAIS</strong> alumni of 16 percent.<br />
n The class of 2008, which may have faced the full force of the most difficult economy in recent times,<br />
has contributed $63,245 since graduating, the most of any recent classes with giving campaigns.<br />
n The class of 2011 raised $45,000 for eight current-use fellowships in memory of their classmate Julia<br />
Bachleitner B’10. Fellowships will be awarded to students in the Conflict Management Program, alternating<br />
each year between a Washington, D.C., and Bologna Center student.<br />
76 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE
Finding the First<br />
dean’s Fellows<br />
In spring 2012, three applicants will receive a personal call<br />
from <strong>SAIS</strong> Dean Jessica P. Einhorn informing them they have<br />
been named the first-ever Dean’s Fellows. These full two-year<br />
fellowships are underwritten with a generous $1 million gift<br />
from <strong>SAIS</strong> alumni Pamela Flaherty ’68 and Peter Flaherty B’67,<br />
’68. Dean’s Fellowships will be awarded to exceptional students,<br />
who will then propose and execute a leadership project to benefit<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong>, its students or its mission in their second year of studies.<br />
Both Peter and Pamela are members of <strong>SAIS</strong>’s Advisory Council.<br />
Peter is council chair, and Pam serves as chair of the JHU Board of<br />
Trustees—the first <strong>SAIS</strong> alumnus and woman to fill that role. “They<br />
have a long tradition of service to the<br />
“Pam and I want <strong>SAIS</strong><br />
to always be the logical<br />
choice for anyone with<br />
aspirations to play an<br />
important leadership<br />
role in the international<br />
affairs community,<br />
especially in the public<br />
policy arena. We do not<br />
want any outstanding<br />
candidates to choose<br />
another institution<br />
based on financial<br />
considerations.”<br />
—Peter Flaherty B’67, ’68<br />
university at the highest level and set<br />
an inspirational example for these<br />
students to follow,” Einhorn said.<br />
Two Dean’s Fellows will be<br />
selected to start in Washington, D.C.,<br />
and one student will be chosen to<br />
start at the Bologna Center. The program<br />
will be open to incoming <strong>SAIS</strong><br />
students of all nationalities and professional<br />
and academic backgrounds.<br />
However, special consideration will<br />
be given to applicants pursuing dual<br />
degrees with other JHU divisions.<br />
The Dean’s Fellowships also reflect<br />
a priority of JHU President Ronald<br />
Daniels to increase financial aid,<br />
making higher education more accessible<br />
to incoming students across the<br />
university. <strong>SAIS</strong> and JHU leadership<br />
hope to see other alumni and friends follow in the Flaherty’s footsteps<br />
and help support the Dean’s Fellowship program.<br />
Dean’s Fellowships can be established through current-use gifts<br />
or endowed funds. For information about establishing a Dean’s Fellowship,<br />
please contact Ruth Swanson, director of development, at<br />
rswanson@jhu.edu and 202.663.5640.<br />
The Dean’s Fellows program,<br />
launched with a gift from Peter<br />
Flaherty B’67, ’68 and Pamela<br />
Flaherty ’68, will be open to<br />
exceptional students from all<br />
nationalities and professional and<br />
academic backgrounds.<br />
An Investment<br />
in International<br />
Skills<br />
Kevin Kinsella ’69 made a gift of $500,000<br />
to support <strong>SAIS</strong>’s Center for International<br />
Business and Public Policy (CIBPP). The<br />
center provides students with the skills to<br />
succeed in international business, finance and government.<br />
Headed by Kinsella’s classmate Professor<br />
Roger Leeds ’70, Ph.D. ’77, the center serves as the<br />
focal point at <strong>SAIS</strong> for teaching, applied research<br />
and outreach activities that focus on the nexus<br />
between international business, finance and public<br />
policy formation.<br />
A Renaissance man, Kinsella taught high school<br />
algebra in Lebanon, advised the Peruvian government<br />
on national nutrition planning and founded<br />
the highly successful venture capital firm Avalon<br />
Ventures. In addition to Avalon’s many successful<br />
early-stage investments in a range of companies,<br />
including Zynga (best known for the popular Farmville<br />
game), he was the lead producer of the Tony<br />
Award-winning Broadway show Jersey Boys. He and<br />
his wife, Tamara, recently released the inaugural<br />
vintage of their premium 2008 Kinsella Estates Dry<br />
Creek cabernet.<br />
Speaking about the CIBPP, Kinsella said, “I was<br />
inspired by Roger’s vision for the center as being an<br />
integral component of the <strong>SAIS</strong> mission. In true <strong>SAIS</strong><br />
fashion, it provides students with the opportunity to<br />
strengthen the multidisciplinary skills and expertise<br />
required to operate successfully as practitioners in<br />
international business, finance or government. As<br />
the center continues to expand its activities under<br />
Roger’s leadership, <strong>SAIS</strong> students will become more<br />
competitive and better able to navigate the increasingly<br />
complex global environment.”<br />
2011–2012 77
<strong>SAIS</strong> Advisory Council<br />
T he <strong>SAIS</strong> Advisory Council serves as a critical<br />
source of advice and counsel to the <strong>SAIS</strong> dean<br />
in setting the overall course for the school’s future.<br />
Membership is international in scope and consists<br />
of Johns Hopkins University trustees, alumni, business<br />
and public sector leaders, and community<br />
members who share a commitment to international<br />
relations and to preparing leaders in the field.<br />
Members serve as ambassadors for the school,<br />
promote its programs to external constituencies<br />
and work with the school’s leadership to ensure its<br />
strength and advancement.<br />
Chairman<br />
Peter A. Flaherty<br />
B’67, ’68<br />
Managing Director<br />
Arcon Partners LLC<br />
Robert J. Abernethy<br />
JHU’62<br />
President<br />
American Standard<br />
Development Company<br />
David H. Bernstein<br />
JHU’57<br />
Consultant<br />
Carisam-Samuel Meisel Inc.<br />
Robert D. Botjer ’67<br />
Chairman<br />
Euro West Inns, Inc.<br />
Wm. Polk Carey<br />
Chairman<br />
W.P. Carey & Co. LLC<br />
Douglas Carlston ’71<br />
Chief Executive Officer<br />
Tawala Systems Inc.<br />
Contact Our Staff<br />
n For information about endowing and naming a professorship,<br />
internship or fellowship or to discuss other ways<br />
to support the school, contact Ruth Swanson, director of<br />
development, 202.663.5640, rswanson@jhu.edu.<br />
n To suggest or discuss corporate or foundation support<br />
for <strong>SAIS</strong>, contact Ashley Rogers ’11, director of<br />
corporate and foundation relations, 202.663.7767,<br />
arogers@jhu.edu.<br />
n Does your employer have a matching gift program?<br />
Don’t know? We can help you find out. Many employers<br />
will double or even triple your gift to <strong>SAIS</strong>. Contact<br />
Michael Roberts, assistant director of development<br />
operations, 202.663.5630, mroberts@jhu.edu.<br />
n To plan for <strong>SAIS</strong> in your estate or to request information<br />
78 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
Patricia A. Haas<br />
Cleveland B’78, ’78<br />
Consultant<br />
Global Asset Management<br />
Susan R. Cullman<br />
Managing Member<br />
B. Bros. Realty LLC<br />
Jerry M. de St. Paer ’66<br />
Executive Chairman<br />
Group of North American<br />
Insurance Enterprises<br />
Peter M. Drittel ’84<br />
Portfolio Manager<br />
George Weiss Associates,<br />
Inc.<br />
Ludovico Feoli<br />
Executive Director<br />
Center for Inter-American<br />
Policy & Research<br />
Tulane University<br />
Linda W. Filardi ’83<br />
Senior Counsel<br />
Sponsor Finance Group<br />
GE Capital, Americas<br />
Todd A. Fisher ’91<br />
Chief Administration<br />
Officer<br />
KRR & Co. LP<br />
Pamela P. Flaherty ’68<br />
President and Chief<br />
Executive Officer<br />
Citi Foundation<br />
Alan H. Fleischmann ’89<br />
Co-founder and<br />
Managing Director<br />
ImagineNations Group<br />
Louis J. Forster<br />
JHU’82, ’83<br />
President<br />
Cerberus Japan K.K.<br />
David T. Fuhrmann ’82<br />
Partner<br />
Glenwood LLC<br />
Richard P. Gildea B’83, ’84<br />
Managing Director<br />
J.P. Morgan<br />
Richard Gilmore B’66, ’67<br />
President and Chief<br />
Executive Officer<br />
GIC Group<br />
John Graham ’79<br />
Partner and Portfolio<br />
Manager<br />
Rogge Global Partners<br />
Deborah L. Harmon<br />
B’80, JHU’81<br />
Co-founder and Chief<br />
Executive Officer<br />
Artemis Real Estate<br />
Partners<br />
Robert J. Hildreth ’75<br />
President<br />
IBS Inc.<br />
Laurence E. Hirsch ’05<br />
Chairman<br />
Highlander Partners LP<br />
Lee S. Kempler ’91<br />
Managing Director<br />
BlackRock Inc.<br />
Kevin J. Kinsella ’69<br />
Managing Member<br />
Avalon Ventures<br />
Marc E. Leland<br />
President<br />
Marc E. Leland &<br />
Associates Inc.<br />
Joseph E. Lipscomb ’91<br />
Co-founder and Partner<br />
Arborview Capital<br />
John F. McGillian Jr.<br />
JHU’74<br />
Managing Partner<br />
Symmetry Partners LLC<br />
Aria Mehrabi ’98<br />
Principal<br />
Pacific Star Capital LLC<br />
L. Peter O’Hagan ’87<br />
Managing Director<br />
Goldman, Sachs & Co.<br />
Sarah B. O’Hagan ’86<br />
Board Co-chair<br />
International Rescue<br />
Committee<br />
Ned S. Offit JHU’87, ’93<br />
Co-chief Executive Officer<br />
Offit Capital Advisors LLC<br />
Kathleen M. Pike B’81,<br />
JHU’82, JHU’83<br />
Senior Fellow<br />
Institute of Contemporary<br />
Asian Studies<br />
Temple University<br />
Francis C. Record ’75<br />
Executive Partner<br />
MK Technology LLC<br />
Frank Savage ’64<br />
Chief Executive Officer<br />
Savage Holdings LLC<br />
Bernard L. Schwartz<br />
Chairman and Chief<br />
Executive Officer<br />
BLS Investments LLC<br />
Sally A. Shelton-Colby<br />
B’67, ’68<br />
Adjunct Professor<br />
School of International<br />
Service<br />
American University<br />
Gary M. Talarico ’83<br />
President and Chief<br />
Executive Officer<br />
Gordon Brothers Group<br />
Thomas B. Tesluk<br />
B’81, ’82<br />
Owner<br />
Sequent Consulting LLC<br />
Antoine W. van Agtmael<br />
Chairman and Co-chief<br />
Investment Officer<br />
Ashmore EMM LLC<br />
on setting up a life-income agreement, such as a trust or<br />
annuity, contact Spencer Abruzzese ’11, associate director<br />
of development, 202.663.5646, spencera@jhu.edu.<br />
n To update your alumni records, locate other alumni<br />
in your area, start an alumni group in your region<br />
or inform the Alumni Relations Office of interesting<br />
facts and accomplishments for publication in<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE, contact Alumni Relations, 202.663.5641,<br />
saisalum@jhu.edu.<br />
n Let us know your ideas on how we can continue to foster<br />
a vibrant <strong>SAIS</strong> community. Contact Margaret Hardt<br />
Frondorf ’00, director of alumni relations, 202.663.5631,<br />
mfrondorf@jhu.edu or Jordi Izzard, alumni relations<br />
officer, 202.587.3210, jizzard1@jhu.edu.
alumni news & notes<br />
Prepared for<br />
leadership by their<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong> education and<br />
committed to serve,<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong> graduates are<br />
finding innovative<br />
and successful<br />
solutions to critical<br />
global issues.<br />
2011–2012 79
in tHe sPotliGHt<br />
Work With International Flavor<br />
The ideal industry<br />
for a <strong>SAIS</strong> graduate<br />
might run the<br />
gamut from business<br />
and politics to sustainable<br />
development, health and food<br />
security. Janet Voûte B’76,<br />
’77 is involved in all of these<br />
fields. As the global head of<br />
public affairs for Nestlé, Voûte<br />
is responsible for managing<br />
relationships with United<br />
Nations agencies, NGOs<br />
and other key stakeholders.<br />
She is the first to admit that<br />
it is a dream job, not least<br />
because of the international<br />
character of her work. “I’m<br />
inspired by diversity, different<br />
perspectives and different<br />
cultures,” Voûte said. “There’s<br />
no question that my years at<br />
80 saisPHeRe<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong> made me a convinced<br />
internationalist.”<br />
Voûte, who lives in Vevey,<br />
Switzerland, started working<br />
on food and health issues<br />
during her time as a strategic<br />
consultant. She began her<br />
career at the Boston Consulting<br />
Group and later worked<br />
at Bain & Company in Paris,<br />
Munich, Zurich and Geneva.<br />
“Many of my clients happened<br />
to be from the food and pharmaceutical<br />
industries, so it<br />
was serendipity,” she said.<br />
“What reinforced my interest<br />
was being a mother of<br />
three children. Naturally you<br />
become interested in food<br />
and health.”<br />
Before joining Nestlé,<br />
Voûte was an adviser at the<br />
World Health Organization.<br />
From 2000–08, she served as<br />
CEO of the World Heart Federation,<br />
a global NGO dedicated<br />
to the prevention and control<br />
of heart disease with a focus<br />
on low- and middle-income<br />
countries. The experience<br />
of tackling food and health<br />
issues both in and outside the<br />
business world has solidified<br />
Voûte’s belief in the publicprivate<br />
partnerships she is in<br />
charge of forging at Nestlé.<br />
“I believe you have to take<br />
the best of each [the public<br />
and private sectors] to solve<br />
social problems,” said Voûte,<br />
who also serves as co-chair<br />
of the International Food and<br />
Beverage Alliance. “Business<br />
has the implementation<br />
capacity to address health,<br />
food security and other<br />
issues, but it needs to be<br />
guided by work with organizations<br />
like the U.N. or NGOs.”<br />
A Homegrown Social Statement<br />
David earling B’90, ’91 traces his appreciation for farm-fresh produce to the<br />
two years he spent in Bologna, the first as an undergraduate at Dickinson<br />
College. His relatives in italy turned him on to the joys of freshly grown<br />
food.<br />
For a long time, his interest was simply a hobby while he put in long hours at<br />
Goldman sachs in new York. He made sauces from tomatoes he grew at home<br />
and tried to re-create Bolognese dishes. But eventually earling and his wife, maria<br />
nicolo, decided to leave manhattan for rural new Jersey, where he grew up. in<br />
2005, they started Gravity Hill Farm.<br />
the farm, which produces 40 varieties of vegetables, 30 kinds of<br />
tomatoes, flowers, fresh eggs and berries, is both a statement for<br />
social change and a lifestyle choice. “it’s important to us that our<br />
two kids have something real in their lives other than nintendo<br />
and other nonsense,” earling said. “they work on the<br />
farm and actually take care of the animals.”<br />
He and nicolo were also unhappy with the “u.s. foodindustrial<br />
complex” and wanted to know what they were<br />
eating, where it came from and what farming on an enormous<br />
scale does to the environment. “we wanted to make<br />
a small contribution toward fighting those bigger forces,” he<br />
said.<br />
through the farm, earling and his wife have partnered<br />
with local food pantries and have gone beyond just donating<br />
produce to holding cooking classes. “we give away a lot of produce<br />
but also try to educate recipients about how to prepare it,”<br />
he said.<br />
earling, who is now a managing director at global advisory<br />
firm solebury Capital llC, also serves on the board of the<br />
northeast Organic Farmers association.
Fighting for Farmworkers<br />
Greg asbed ’90 and<br />
laura Germino ’91<br />
arrived at sais determined<br />
to work overseas<br />
after graduation. instead,<br />
they found a worthy cause<br />
closer to home. they fight<br />
for farmworkers’ rights in the<br />
united states, having founded<br />
the Coalition of immokalee<br />
workers (Ciw) in Florida.<br />
asbed shared their story in an<br />
interview with <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE.<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE: One of the great<br />
things about <strong>SAIS</strong> is the sheer<br />
number and variety of causes<br />
to which students and alumni<br />
dedicate themselves. Of all<br />
the humanitarian issues in the<br />
world, why did you choose this<br />
one in particular?<br />
Greg Asbed: Before going<br />
to sais, laura worked with<br />
the Peace Corps in Burkina<br />
Faso, and i was in Haiti with<br />
a national peasant movement<br />
that was deeply involved with<br />
efforts to build democracy<br />
before and after the fall of<br />
Jean Claude Duvalier. we<br />
enrolled at sais with the<br />
intention of returning overseas<br />
and working in development.<br />
while at sais, we<br />
became involved with local<br />
legal services organizations<br />
that specialize in helping<br />
farmworkers defend their<br />
labor rights, one in Pennsylvania<br />
with workers in the<br />
apple harvest and another<br />
on maryland’s eastern shore<br />
with workers in the watermelon<br />
and tomato harvests.<br />
the abysmal working conditions,<br />
abject poverty, and,<br />
most disconcertingly, real<br />
fear—fear of their bosses,<br />
fear of the consequences if<br />
they were to stand up for<br />
their rights, fear of being a<br />
day away from having no<br />
money in their pockets—<br />
left us convinced that there<br />
was plenty of work to be<br />
done right here at home.<br />
S: Can you describe the genesis<br />
of the Immokalee coalition?<br />
GA: after sais, we found<br />
work as community specialists<br />
with a legal services program<br />
based in immokalee,<br />
Fla. the town is the largest<br />
migrant farmworker community<br />
on the east Coast,<br />
though it more resembles a<br />
labor reserve typical of mining<br />
towns in Brazil or south<br />
africa. Our arrival in 1991<br />
coincided with the second<br />
major wave of Haitian immigration<br />
and an increasing<br />
flow of indigenous migrants<br />
from southern mexico and<br />
Guatemala. many of these<br />
new migrants came to the<br />
states with extensive experience<br />
in political and community<br />
organizing; i had worked<br />
with some of them in Haiti.<br />
these highly sophisticated<br />
organizers, forced by political<br />
and economic pressures<br />
to take refuge in the united<br />
states, sparked the birth of<br />
the coalition.<br />
we also work with large<br />
retail food companies to cre-<br />
alumni news & notes<br />
Laura Germino ’91, left, receives the 2010 TIP Hero Award, which<br />
recognizes efforts to combat human trafficking, from U.S. Secretary<br />
of State Hillary Clinton. Germino is the first U.S. recipient.<br />
ate more humane farm labor<br />
conditions. these companies<br />
have leveraged their highvolume<br />
purchasing power<br />
for years to demand lower<br />
and lower prices for produce,<br />
which in turn puts downward<br />
pressure on farm labor wages<br />
and working conditions. Yet,<br />
they also can use that purchasing<br />
power to help raise<br />
wages and demand more<br />
humane working conditions<br />
from their suppliers. Just one<br />
more penny per pound of<br />
tomatoes at the retail level<br />
could raise wages by more<br />
than 60 percent at the farm<br />
level. this is the theory of<br />
change behind the Ciw’s<br />
Campaign for Fair Food.<br />
S: What are your roles within<br />
the coalition?<br />
GA: laura is the Ciw’s antislavery<br />
Campaign coordinator.<br />
she works with<br />
u.s. Department of Justice<br />
officials on the prosecution<br />
of modern-day slavery<br />
operations and trains state<br />
and local law enforcement<br />
and social services agencies<br />
to detect and investigate<br />
human trafficking. my work<br />
focuses on implementing our<br />
Fair Food agreements by<br />
coordinating our efforts with<br />
those of nine multibilliondollar<br />
retail food companies—<br />
including mcDonald’s, whole<br />
Foods and subway—and<br />
more than 90 percent of the<br />
Florida tomato industry in<br />
a partnership to improve<br />
farmworker wages and working<br />
conditions. i also write<br />
and design the Ciw website<br />
(www.ciw-online.org).<br />
S: How has <strong>SAIS</strong> influenced<br />
your careers?<br />
GA: the social Change and<br />
Development Program [now<br />
the international Development<br />
Program], under the<br />
guidance of Professor Grace<br />
Goodell, was a place for students<br />
to consider approaches<br />
to economic and political<br />
development that sometimes<br />
ranged far from the mainstream<br />
and were informed<br />
by the real-world experience<br />
of students, most of whom<br />
had worked for several years<br />
overseas in development.<br />
the combination of academic<br />
freedom and practical rigor<br />
has helped us think and<br />
work outside the bonds of<br />
convention.<br />
2011–2012 81
eVents<br />
Alumni Communities<br />
Around the World<br />
sais alumni continue to be active on nearly all continents, initiating gatherings to connect with each<br />
other, sais professors, and current and prospective students. stay informed about alumni events<br />
through our monthly e-newsletter, <strong>SAIS</strong> Alumni NEWS. to subscribe, contact saisalum@jhu.edu.<br />
AFRICA<br />
Johannesburg, South Africa<br />
alumni are connecting more frequently in africa. spearheaded by Reginald shaver ’00 and agustin Cornejo ’04, sais graduates<br />
met for happy hour at metro Restaurant Café and Bar on september 9 and hope to do so again in the near future.<br />
82 saisPHeRe<br />
In Johannesburg, clockwise from left: Jason Cooper and wife<br />
Heather Cooper ’00, Friedrich Schröder B’06, ’07 and wife Julia<br />
Schröder, Anne-Lucie Lafourcade, John L. Less ’98, Stephanie<br />
Wolters ’97, Sam Shaver and husband Reginald Shaver ’00<br />
ASIA<br />
Bangkok, Thailand<br />
Professor Karl Jackson gathered with sais friends in Bangkok<br />
hosted by Bob Fitts and Pichaya “noi” Fitts ’04 on<br />
march 6 in their home.<br />
sais alumni discussed the results of the thai presidential<br />
election and what it will mean for the future of thailand at<br />
the Polo & equestrian Club in Bangkok on July 21. �<br />
In Bangkok, front row: Rachaneekorn Poomipug, Seth Kane ’11, Brian Jungwiwattanaporn ’09, Aldo Morri B’87, ’88, Panravee Mori and Danny<br />
Marks ’10; second row: Bao-Chiun Jing ’12, Pajaree Varathorn ’13, Fumiko Nagano B’03, ’04, Alison Symons ’01, Craig Symons, Kullawee<br />
Pongpattanajit ’08, Gayshiel Grandison ’12, Luc Chauvin ’90, Nopporn Wong-anan ’98, Derek Keswakaroon ’08, Nattakorn Devakula ’03 and<br />
Thitinan Pongsudhirak ’92; back row: Sam Christopherson, Ran Hu ’12, Roger Arnold, Noppon Sagnanert B’11, ’12, Ashley Burgin ’12, Eric<br />
Fisher, Phil Robertson ’97, Sirapol Ridhiprasart B’09, ’10, Jirawat Poomsrikaew ’03, Jirayu Tulyanond ’02 and Pongsiri Vorapongse ’09
In Bangkok, standing: Linda True ’04, Professor Jae Ku Ph.D. ’03,<br />
Professor Karl Jackson, Thitinan Pongsudhirak ’92, Bao-Chiun Jing<br />
’12, Yuting Hsu, Pichayanin Wangchalabovorn ’13, Noppon Sagnanert<br />
’12, Derek Keswakaroon ’08 and Seth Kane ’10; seated: Phil<br />
Robertson ’97, Pajaree Varathorn ’13 and Worawut Chawengkiat ’12<br />
sais alumni in Bangkok enjoyed a visit from Professors<br />
Karl Jackson and Jae Ku Ph.D. ’03 on august 9 at molly<br />
malone’s. �<br />
Colombo, Sri Lanka<br />
sais alumni, students and friends socialized with Professor<br />
Ruth wedgwood at the Barefoot Garden Café in Colombo on<br />
march 23.<br />
Hong Kong<br />
Graduates joined current students and Career services<br />
Director Ron lambert JHu’05 for happy hour<br />
as part of the fourth-annual asia Career trek on<br />
January 13, 2011, at the annexx in Hong Kong.<br />
Jakarta, Indonesia<br />
sais alumni came together on march 7 for an<br />
informal social gathering and dinner hosted by<br />
norbert Baas B’76, who is serving as German ambassador in<br />
Jakarta.<br />
liana Bianchi ’06, Payton Deeks ’06, astari Daenuwy ’08<br />
and fellow alumni in Jakarta joined Director of admissions<br />
sidney Jackson for drinks at De Burse on september 28. �<br />
In Jakarta, Amanda Lonsdale ’06, Jack Kneeland ’06, Daniel<br />
Chirpich ‘05, Payton Deeks ’06 and J. Michael Nehrbass ’96<br />
alumni news & notes<br />
In Manila, Gerd Droesse B’78, Jacob Young ’05, Edi Sian ’04,<br />
Jennifer Frias ’10, Logan Sturm ’02, Philip Erquiaga ’82, Pamela<br />
Pontius ’07, a guest and Cedric Crelo ’08<br />
Manila, Philippines �<br />
manila alumni led by mary abad B’04, ’04, edi sian ’04<br />
and Jacob Young ’05 gathered for happy hour at side Bar<br />
on april 27.<br />
Seoul, South Korea �<br />
Professor David m. lampton met with sais alumni in seoul<br />
for dinner and a discussion on “u.s.-China Relations in an<br />
era of Difficulty” at samwon Garden on January 14, 2011.<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong> alumni and Professor David M. Lampton in Seoul<br />
Singapore<br />
alumni and their guests held an informal dinner at Jumbo<br />
in singapore on February 24.<br />
singapore alumni gathered on July 30 at CmPB restaurant at<br />
Dempsey Hill with current students and graduates joining<br />
from Bangkok, Jakarta and washington, D.C. �<br />
In Singapore, Adam Jarczyk N’09, ’10, Kathleen Bissonnette ’12,<br />
Catherine Chen ’12, Amy Weiner N’08, ’11 and Julien Deslangles-<br />
Blanch N’09, ’10
eVents<br />
Tokyo, Japan<br />
Jim armington ’96, shoichiro<br />
Odagaki ’69 and fellow tokyo<br />
alumni joined for an evening of<br />
socializing and networking at<br />
Boeing Japan on June 23. �<br />
In Tokyo, Jim Armington ’96<br />
EUROPE<br />
84 saisPHeRe<br />
sais alumni in tokyo<br />
enjoyed the company and<br />
magic tricks of Professor<br />
eliot Cohen at the<br />
sasakawa Peace Foundation<br />
on January 12, 2011.<br />
Cohen discussed lessons<br />
learned from his experience<br />
as a counselor at the<br />
u.s. Department of state<br />
in a lecture titled “what<br />
the Counselor taught the<br />
Professor.” �<br />
In Tokyo,<br />
Narushige<br />
Michishita ’94<br />
and Professor<br />
Eliot Cohen<br />
In Barcelona, Denise Senmartin ’03, Elvira Sánchez-Mateos B’88,<br />
’89, Merce Mercedes B’94, ’95 and Montserrat Rodigales ’91<br />
Barcelona, Spain<br />
sais alumni joined Denise senmartin ’03 for a first-time<br />
happy hour on april 4 at w Barcelona. �<br />
Víctor mesalles B’65, ’66, Denise senmartin ’03 and neus<br />
arqués B’90, ’91 met fellow sais and JHu alumni for an<br />
informal gathering with special guest Professor Riordan<br />
Roett at Belvedere in Barcelona on July 4.<br />
Madrid, Spain<br />
sais and JHu alumni met on march 24 at the Hotel emperador<br />
in madrid for a reception with Professor eliot Cohen,<br />
sais staff and current students.<br />
it was the culminating event of<br />
this year’s strategic studies staff<br />
Ride in spain.<br />
Professor Riordan Roett joined<br />
Juan nuñez Gallego ’05, alice<br />
Faibishenko B’05, ’06, alfonso<br />
Zurita y de Borbón B’97, ’98,<br />
margaret H. Frondorf ’00, director<br />
of sais alumni Relations,<br />
and other alumni for tapas at<br />
Bocaito on July 7. �<br />
Berlin, Germany �<br />
the weekend of October 15–16 marked the annual reunion<br />
of Johns Hopkins alumni in Berlin, Germany. the glorious<br />
weather brought out four members of the Bologna<br />
Center class of 1971, all of whom were delighted by the<br />
mini-reunion.<br />
In Berlin, Rainer<br />
W. Klaus B’71,<br />
Claudia Flisi<br />
B’71, ’72, Susan<br />
Kessler B’71 and<br />
Peter Kessler B’71<br />
In Madrid, Juan Nuñez<br />
Gallego ’05 and Alice<br />
Faibishenko B’05, ’06
Krakow, Poland<br />
tim Huson ’97 convened fellow alumni from the sais<br />
Poland alumni Club for an evening of socializing and conversation<br />
on april 15 at the Hotel stary in Krakow.<br />
London<br />
sais alumni Francesc Balcells ’96, Richard Braakenburg ’10,<br />
Julien Halfon ’03, alla Kruglyak ’03, Jan lindemann ’88,<br />
terri mcBride ’99 and Jeremy whipp B’08, ’09 welcomed<br />
fellow alumni for a discussion on “the middle east as it<br />
Has Become today” with George lambrakis ’53 on march<br />
31 at the east india Club in london. �<br />
In London, Karl Van Horn ’60, B’61, Sven Friebe B’07, ’08, Gary<br />
Sharkey ’06 and Andy Zhu N’03<br />
sais alumni in london gathered at the european Bank for<br />
Reconstruction and Development on november 2 for a lecture<br />
and book signing with Professor michael mandelbaum<br />
for his newly released book, That Used to Be Us: How America<br />
Fell Behind in The World It Invented and How We Can<br />
Come Back, written with New York Times columnist thomas<br />
l. Friedman. alumni were welcomed by michael Delia<br />
B’83, ’84, mark Giancola n’96, ’97, David Klingensmith ’74,<br />
George lambrakis ’53 and terri mcBride ’99. �<br />
In London, Lesia Haliv, Terri McBride ’99 and Thomas Kearney ’91<br />
alumni news & notes<br />
CENTRAL and<br />
SOUTH AMERICA<br />
Bogota, Colombia �<br />
sais alumni and students enjoyed a social gathering at the<br />
irish Pub at the Zona t in Bogota on July 14.<br />
In Bogota, Cornelius Fleischhaker ’12, Kinga Krisko ’11,<br />
Carolina Carter ‘08, Daniel Kornfield ’12, Emily Harter<br />
B’08, ’09, Dara Mersky B’11, ’12, Jimena Serrano B’11, ’12,<br />
Felix Steinberg B’11, ’12 and Coen van Iwaarden<br />
Mexico City, Mexico �<br />
alumni and students met for drinks and<br />
dinner at Cabiria Ristorante italiano in<br />
mexico City on July 29.<br />
In Mexico City,<br />
Andrés Ávila-<br />
Akerberg’ 01 and<br />
Jason Graffam-<br />
Henriquez B’11, ’12
eVents<br />
Panama City, Panama �<br />
sais students and alumni gathered for drinks at la Rana<br />
Dorada in Panama City on July 14.<br />
In Panama City,<br />
C.J. Perego ’09,<br />
Andrea Perego and<br />
Daniel Vecchi ’09<br />
Sao Paulo, Brazil �<br />
sais alumni and students met<br />
at Pé de manga for happy hour<br />
in sao Paolo on July 21.<br />
In Toronto, first row: Paul Yeung B’01, ’02,<br />
Laura Saenz-Gandara ’02, Amanda Horn,<br />
Marketa Dolezel Evans ’89 and Henry<br />
Bulmash JHU’68; second row: Professor<br />
Charles Doran B’65, ’67, JHU<br />
Ph.D. ’69, Stanley Mandarich<br />
’85, Colin White ’98, Ph.D. ’02<br />
and Andrew Posluns ’92;<br />
third row: Tina Wong ’11, Jana<br />
Orac B’95, ’96, Boliang<br />
Zhang ’13, José Sifuentes<br />
’96, David Quayat ’03 and<br />
John Kirton Ph.D. ’77<br />
86 saisPHeRe<br />
In Sao Paulo, front row: Professorial Lecturer Luis Fernando<br />
Beneduzi, Alethea Scally ’12, Portuguese Language Coordinator Bebel<br />
Delgado, Salina Rico B’10, ’11, Isabella Bablumian ’08, Meredith Dukes<br />
’12 and Marcus Freitas ’98; second row: Arthur Rubin ’92, Andrew<br />
Orihuela ’12, Saleema Vellani ’12 and Charles Barnett ’87; back row:<br />
Fabio Hirschhorn ’11, Daniel McCleary B’11, ’11 and Arthur Araujo ’09<br />
NORTH AMERICA<br />
Toronto, Canada �<br />
On august 18, alumni in toronto met Professor Charles<br />
Doran B’65, ’67, JHu Ph.D. ’69 at asian legend for a lively<br />
dinner and discussion that centered on the outcome of the<br />
recent Canadian election, Canadian-american energy policy,<br />
global economic challenges and Canada’s foreign policy<br />
priorities.
Boston, Massachusetts<br />
John Butterworth JHu’82, ’83, David ehrenthal ’88, andy<br />
Goldberg ’82, anna Ravvin B’05, ’06, Rachel Rochat ’04 and<br />
fellow Boston alumni Club members gathered with Professor<br />
Roger leeds ’70, Ph.D. ’77 for a reception and presentation<br />
on “making sense of Financial Regulatory Reform” at<br />
the union Club of Boston on march 10.<br />
In Boston, Kevin Thurston B’02, ’03,<br />
Robert Jenney B’02, ’03 and Lowell<br />
Schwartz B’96, ’97<br />
sais Dean Jessica P.<br />
einhorn ’70 joined the<br />
sais Boston alumni<br />
Club for a reception<br />
and talk on “Catching<br />
a train: Perspectives<br />
on Fiscal Policy” on<br />
may 12 at the union<br />
Club of Boston. �<br />
Professor michael<br />
mandelbaum traveled<br />
to Boston as part of his<br />
three-city u.s. book<br />
tour to promote his<br />
best-seller, That Used to Be Us: How America Fell Behind in<br />
The World It Invented and How We Can Come Back, written<br />
with New York Times columnist thomas l. Friedman.<br />
mandelbaum met with alumni to sign books and engage<br />
in a discussion with the sais Boston alumni Club, led by<br />
David ehrenthal ’88, andrew Goldberg ’82, Cynthia Greene<br />
B’97, ’99, Robert Jenney B’02, ’03 and Biorn maybury-lewis<br />
’84 on October 6 at the union Club of Boston.<br />
Chicago, Illinois �<br />
Chicago alumni joined Professor michael mandelbaum at<br />
a roundtable luncheon about his then-forthcoming book,<br />
That Used to Be Us: How America Fell Behind in the World It<br />
Invented and How We Can Come Back, on June 6 at the university<br />
Club of Chicago.<br />
In Chicago, Howard Simons JHU’75, ’77, Jennifer Lind B’91, ’92,<br />
Professor Michael Mandelbaum, Martin Finnegan ’82 and Robert<br />
Carr B’64, ’64<br />
alumni news & notes<br />
Miami, Florida<br />
sais alumni visited with Professor Riordan Roett for a<br />
wine and cheese reception in miami Beach hosted by Jim<br />
thomas ’01 on april 15.<br />
New York, New York<br />
the sais new York alumni Club celebrated Carnaval on<br />
march 2 with an evening of food, drinks and live entertainment<br />
at emporium Brasil. �<br />
In New York, Gabo Arora B’07, ’08, Jonathan Taylor B’07, ’08,<br />
Courtney Rickert McCaffrey ’08, Siobhan Sanders B’07, ’08, Sioban<br />
Devine B’07, ’08, Yumi Kim B’07, ’08 and Leela Ramnath ’08<br />
Professor Riordan Roett hosted latin<br />
american studies Program alumni for a<br />
wine and cheese reception at his home<br />
in new York on march 31. �<br />
Professor David Jhirad talked with the<br />
sais new York alumni Club about<br />
“smart energy Globalization” at morgan<br />
stanley on april 7.<br />
in new York, sais alumni at the u.n.<br />
had lunch on June 8. �<br />
In New York, Mark<br />
Dewing-Hommes ’83<br />
and David Kyle ’79<br />
In New York, front row: Diana Salvemini B’07, ’08, Dijana Duric B’04,<br />
’05, Thomas Stelzer B’83 and Fumiko Fukuoka ’90; back row: Gabo<br />
Arora B’07, ’08, Kate Corenthal B’04, ’05, Shivangi Shrivastava ’07,<br />
Alex Pascal ’08, Zhendai Yang N’99 and Yun Wu N’93<br />
2011–2012 87
eVents<br />
<strong>Current</strong> students and alumni gathered in new York City at<br />
the annual happy hour at Hurley’s on June 14. �<br />
the sais new York alumni Club met with Professor eliot<br />
Cohen on november 17 for a book lecture and signing for<br />
his new book, Conquered into Liberty: Two Centuries of Battles<br />
Along the Great Warpath that Made the American Way of<br />
War. the event was held at BlackRock in New York City. �<br />
San Francisco, California<br />
sais san Francisco alumni Jennifer Brann B’02, ’03, Josh<br />
Brann B’02, ’03, Philip Davis ’89, Carine Gursky ’96, Paul<br />
Fuller B’03, 04, nate Heller ’05 and Paul Oliva B’91, ’92<br />
welcomed fellow alumni at sens Restaurant on June 16<br />
for an informal happy hour with Director of admissions<br />
sidney Jackson and Director of Career services Ron<br />
lambert JHu’05.<br />
Washington, D.C.<br />
Professor Roger leeds ’70, Ph.D. ’77 and<br />
m.i.P.P. alumni Darryl Chappell ’09, Kevin<br />
Keating ’02 and Brooks wrampelmeier ’77<br />
hosted fellow graduates and current students<br />
for a reception on February 17 in the<br />
sais Herter Room. �<br />
In Washington,<br />
D.C., Selina Ho<br />
’05 and Gene<br />
Moses ’06<br />
88 saisPHeRe<br />
then-sais Visiting<br />
Professor thitinan<br />
Pongsudhirak<br />
’92 discussed<br />
“entrenched<br />
incumbencies under<br />
stress: thailand’s<br />
Crisis” with alumni<br />
over breakfast in the<br />
sais Rome Building<br />
on april 6. �<br />
In New York, Cordelia<br />
Chesnutt B’10, ’11,<br />
Stephen Byeff JHU’09,<br />
B’10, ’11, Eric (Gian<br />
Hung) Lee ’11 and Fei<br />
Weng JHU’11<br />
In New York, David Fuhrmann<br />
’82 and wife Marilyn Fuhrmann<br />
In Washington,<br />
D.C., Thitinan<br />
Pongsudhirak ’92<br />
In Washington, D.C., Professor Klaus Larres and Margaret H.<br />
Frondorf ’00, director of <strong>SAIS</strong> Alumni Relations<br />
sais Visiting Professor Klaus larres gave a breakfast talk<br />
to alumni on “island of stability? the Obama white House<br />
and europe” on april 26 in the sais Rome Building. �<br />
the class of 2001, led by alison symons ’01, celebrated its<br />
10-year reunion in washington, D.C., on may 13–14. they<br />
met for happy hour at the 18th street lounge, had a family<br />
picnic at montrose Park and an evening reception at the<br />
home of mason Denton ’01. �<br />
In Washington, D.C., Hal Bosher B’00, ’01, Gabriel Goodliffe B’00,<br />
’02, Ph.D. ’08, Claudio Felix ’01 and Camara Garrett B’00, ’01<br />
Recent alumni came back to sais for a barbecue in the<br />
nitze Building Courtyard on June 24. Proceeds from the<br />
evening benefited the 2011 class gift, the Julia Bachleitner<br />
Fellowship Fund. �<br />
In Washington,<br />
D.C., James<br />
Lerch ’11<br />
and Sharon<br />
Nakhimovsky ’11
Professor<br />
Steven<br />
Schneebaum<br />
and Jung<br />
Hwa Song ’11<br />
Professor steven schneebaum gave<br />
a breakfast talk to alumni on “what<br />
is this Case Doing Here? Human<br />
Rights litigation in u.s. Courts”<br />
on October 5 in the sais Rome<br />
Building. �<br />
In Washington, D.C., Vincent<br />
Wei-cheng Wang ’86 and Anna<br />
Yu-chia Ho ’12<br />
Vincent wei-cheng wang ’86 gave<br />
a breakfast talk to alumni on “taiwan’s<br />
2012 elections and implications<br />
for taiwan-China-u.s. Relations”<br />
on november 2 in the sais<br />
Rome Building. �<br />
ReFleCtions<br />
The Scent of<br />
Sustainability<br />
The scent industry<br />
is arguably the<br />
world’s single best<br />
example of agricultural<br />
sustainability<br />
and a positive feedback<br />
loop for farmers and<br />
the earth. You could say<br />
i am biased—i am the<br />
former perfume critic<br />
for The New York Times<br />
and the new curator<br />
at the Department of<br />
Olfactory art at the<br />
museum of arts and<br />
Design in new York<br />
City—but the facts are<br />
pretty clear.<br />
the industry’s raw<br />
materials are grown<br />
around the world: the<br />
astringent grass vetiver<br />
in Haiti, geranium leaf<br />
in Rwanda, patchouli<br />
in indonesia, pink peppercorn<br />
in Peru, cedar<br />
in morocco. scentmaker<br />
companies buy<br />
these from farmers and<br />
harvesters, distill and<br />
extract them, and their<br />
perfumers then put<br />
them into the perfumes<br />
of Hermès, Ralph<br />
lauren and Chanel.<br />
take laotian benzoin,<br />
for example. One<br />
of the world’s best scentmaterials<br />
companies,<br />
the switzerland-based<br />
Givaudan, realized that<br />
its supply of the special—and<br />
beautiful—<br />
tree that produces this<br />
resin was disappearing.<br />
the company took a<br />
close look at northeastern<br />
laos and found the<br />
reasons: the region was<br />
severely deforested, and<br />
the soil was depleted.<br />
alumni news & notes<br />
A village in northeastern Laos<br />
Givaudan’s experts,<br />
including a perfumer,<br />
went to laos and, with<br />
botanists and agronomists<br />
from their local<br />
partner agroforex,<br />
revolutionized local<br />
agriculture. they had<br />
villagers pioneering an<br />
agricultural approach<br />
that combined rice, red<br />
ginger and Styrax tonkinensis<br />
trees, the source<br />
of benzoin. For the first<br />
four years, villagers<br />
could harvest the rice<br />
and red ginger, which<br />
would enrich the soil<br />
and provide income.<br />
the rice and ginger<br />
would then be planted<br />
in separate fields, and,<br />
after seven years, villagers<br />
could start to collect<br />
benzoin gum from new<br />
trees. On top of these<br />
agricultural benefits,<br />
Givaudan built two<br />
local secondary schools<br />
and funded them for<br />
their first two years.<br />
Benzoin, the villagers’<br />
only significant<br />
source of currency, is<br />
back. the land is productive<br />
again, the villagers<br />
have both a school<br />
and their livelihoods,<br />
and Givaudan has reliable<br />
sourcing for this<br />
unique incense and can<br />
put it in perfumes for<br />
armani, Prada or Dior.<br />
we buy these scents<br />
and, in doing so, send<br />
money to farmers and<br />
their families in northeastern<br />
laos. unlike so<br />
many major industries,<br />
from petroleum to mining<br />
to manufacturing,<br />
the scent industry only<br />
functions if it sustains<br />
nature.<br />
it gathers and bottles<br />
these beautiful materials<br />
from around the earth.<br />
every bottle of perfume<br />
contains a world.<br />
—Chandler Burr ’90<br />
2011–2012 89
ReFleCtions<br />
alumni news & notes<br />
The Path Out of Poverty<br />
As many a sais graduate knows, the international development<br />
field is constantly grappling with the challenge of sustaining<br />
development initiatives after external funding comes to an end.<br />
i am a newcomer to the field and had the opportunity to confront<br />
this problem during a six-week consultancy last spring in Kabul,<br />
afghanistan.<br />
i worked with CnFa inc., an international agricultural economic<br />
development organization that harnesses the power of the private sector.<br />
On this particular project, CnFa inc. serves as an implementing part-<br />
ner for the u.s. agency for international Development (usaiD) under<br />
an initiative to increase the incomes of farmers in afghanistan. usaiD<br />
and CnFa are pursuing this goal by providing higher-quality, more<br />
affordable seeds, fertilizers and crop-protection products to farmers on a<br />
timely basis and in reliable quantities. they also are connecting farmers<br />
to buyers and traders to promote the development of licit agriculture.<br />
this assignment focused on building the capacity of the Farm service<br />
Center association of afghanistan. in addition to getting my foot<br />
in the door, i accepted the CnFa assignment because i was intrigued<br />
by its matching investment requirement. afghan entrepreneurs selected<br />
to own and operate farm service centers are required to match usaiD<br />
funding 3:1. that is, for each dollar of u.s. funding, the afghan side has<br />
to invest three dollars, which can be in the form of capital, land, inventory<br />
or other in-kind contributions. “skin in the game” does not guarantee<br />
success, but it improves the odds that the afghan investors will make<br />
a serious effort to succeed. the project meshed well with my professional<br />
mission to do sustainable, market-based work that offers people<br />
with a pathway out of poverty.<br />
During the first two years, usaiD, CnFa and their afghan partners<br />
opened seven privately owned Farm service Centers, which provided<br />
over $25 million in agricultural inputs and services to more than 40,000<br />
afghan farmers, according to CnFa. the incomes of the target farmer<br />
group are projected to increase by approximately 25 percent annually.<br />
the program has been extended for an additional two years and will<br />
open 10 more centers throughout the country. let’s hope that a combination<br />
of hard work, sound judgment, good luck and the co-investment<br />
model will magnify these results and raise rural household income.<br />
—Andrew Goldberg ’82<br />
Haji Ghulam Mohammand, owner of the Ghazni Farm Service Store, and Andrew<br />
Goldberg ’82<br />
90 saisPHeRe<br />
alumni GRouPs<br />
Keep the<br />
Connection<br />
Stay in Touch With <strong>SAIS</strong> and Each<br />
Other Through Alumni Groups<br />
Around the World<br />
sais graduates are part of the JHu alumni<br />
association, a network with chapters in more<br />
than 20 u.s. cities and more than 20 countries,<br />
many headed by sais washington,<br />
D.C., Bologna and nanjing alumni. the JHu<br />
alumni community is a volunteer-driven effort<br />
through which people come together to support<br />
each other, the university and its nine<br />
schools, including sais. Find fellow alumni<br />
by employer, class year or geographic region<br />
with Johns Hopkins Connect, a new alumni<br />
database and career-networking tool. Go to<br />
www.connect.jhu.edu.<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong> Regional Alumni Clubs<br />
sais alumni Relations works with graduates<br />
to form strong regionally based alumni<br />
clubs in metropolitan areas with significant<br />
sais alumni clusters in cities such as Boston,<br />
london, new York, san Francisco and washington,<br />
D.C. the goal is to develop effective,<br />
locally based communities to deliver alumnioriented<br />
programming and communication.<br />
members reconnect with each other and with<br />
sais, participate in student recruitment,<br />
provide career guidance and employment<br />
opportunities, and more fully engage in their<br />
support of sais.<br />
International Points of Contact<br />
sais alumni volunteer as points of contact<br />
(POCs) to help form alumni groups abroad.<br />
POCs often serve as the communication hub<br />
for alumni traveling or relocating to new<br />
destinations, and when possible, POCs assist<br />
newcomers with introductions to fellow<br />
alumni. POCs have hosted dinners and happy<br />
hours for relocating alumni and for visiting<br />
sais professors and students on study tours<br />
during winter and spring semester breaks.<br />
most POC volunteers reside abroad in latin<br />
america, the middle east and asia. For a<br />
listing of sais POCs, visit www.sais-jhu.edu/<br />
alumni/clubs.htm.
sHElF liFe<br />
Peoples of the Earth:<br />
Ethnonationalism,<br />
Democracy and the<br />
Indigenous Challenge in<br />
“Latin’’ America<br />
By Martin Edwin<br />
Andersen B’80, ’81<br />
lexington Books, 2011<br />
(paperback)<br />
andersen’s text is a<br />
much-needed commentary<br />
and examination<br />
of comparative ethnic<br />
nationalism pertaining to<br />
the indigenous peoples<br />
of latin america. Often<br />
treated as outside of the<br />
sociopolitical realm, their<br />
political mobilization in<br />
recent decades has forced<br />
governments and intellectuals<br />
alike to acknowledge<br />
their consequential<br />
force as a political power.<br />
Subversion: A Shocking<br />
True Story of Corruption<br />
and Redemption in the<br />
Nuclear Submarine Force<br />
and the War in Iraq<br />
By Christopher J.<br />
Brownfield B’09, ’10<br />
skyhorse Publishing inc.,<br />
2011<br />
Brownfield, a former<br />
navy lieutenant, details<br />
his range of experiences,<br />
from serving on the uss<br />
Hartford to rebuilding<br />
the oil and electrical<br />
infrastructure of iraq.<br />
Brownfield argues that<br />
energy independence<br />
became a political ideology<br />
that contributed<br />
to iraq’s political isolation<br />
and the breakdown<br />
of international<br />
cooperation.<br />
alumni news & notes<br />
Recent Publications by <strong>SAIS</strong> Alumni<br />
Two Storms: Prostate<br />
Cancer and Katrina in<br />
New Orleans<br />
By Iain S. Baird ’72<br />
CyPress Publications,<br />
2010<br />
Baird’s memoir is a story<br />
of his diagnosis, treatment<br />
and recovery from<br />
prostate cancer set in<br />
new Orleans in the<br />
aftermath of Hurricane<br />
Katrina and the failure of<br />
the levees. with honesty,<br />
candidness and a surprising<br />
amount of humor,<br />
Baird sets forth the physical<br />
and emotional challenges<br />
facing men struck<br />
with prostate cancer.<br />
The Interrogator:<br />
An Education<br />
By Glenn L. Carle ’85<br />
nation Books, 2011<br />
Carle offers a detailed<br />
examination of one of<br />
his most high-profile<br />
and controversial assignments<br />
as a Cia officer<br />
after 9/11—interrogating<br />
a detainee the Cia<br />
believed might hold the<br />
key to finding Osama bin<br />
laden. Carle describes<br />
his struggle with the<br />
interrogation in light of a<br />
waning belief in his captive’s<br />
guilt and discomfort<br />
over tactics. this book is<br />
a true-life exposé of the<br />
challenges faced by an<br />
intelligence officer during<br />
a wartime administration.<br />
Export Now: Five Keys to<br />
Entering New Markets<br />
By Frank Lavin ’92 and<br />
Peter Cohan<br />
John wiley & sons inc.,<br />
2011<br />
the authors explain the<br />
steps businesses can take<br />
to compete and win in<br />
exporting. this book is<br />
a step-by-step guide to<br />
tackling the international<br />
marketplace and helping<br />
companies effectively and<br />
affordably bridge the cultural<br />
and financial gaps<br />
of selling in complex<br />
overseas markets.<br />
The Economy of Brands<br />
By Jan Lindemann ’88<br />
Palgrave macmillan, 2010<br />
as an authority on valuebased<br />
brand management,<br />
lindemann offers<br />
his expertise on how<br />
brands and their competitive<br />
advantage account<br />
for the majority of shareholder<br />
value in many<br />
businesses. with a client<br />
list including PepsiCo,<br />
mastercard, samsung<br />
electronics and Prada,<br />
lindemann explains how<br />
crucial it is to understand<br />
how the economy of<br />
brands works, and how<br />
brands can be leveraged<br />
to create superior and<br />
sustainable value.<br />
Reducing Poverty,<br />
Protecting Livelihoods<br />
and Building Assets in a<br />
Changing Climate: Social<br />
Implications of Climate<br />
Change for Latin America<br />
and the Caribbean<br />
By Lotte Lund ’99 and<br />
Dorte Verner<br />
world Bank, 2011<br />
Global climate change<br />
threatens human social<br />
development and the<br />
progress made to combat<br />
world poverty. this<br />
book offers key insights<br />
and recommendations<br />
on good governance and<br />
technical capacity within<br />
the public sector.<br />
The Power of Music:<br />
Pioneering Discoveries in<br />
the New Science of Song<br />
By Elena Mannes ’67<br />
walker & Company,<br />
2011<br />
mannes takes a scientific<br />
and anthropological<br />
approach to explore the<br />
transformative power of<br />
music. the book reveals<br />
the universality of music<br />
across cultures and time<br />
and considers why music<br />
is such an innate part of<br />
human experience.<br />
2011–2012 91
International Commercial<br />
Arbitration Practice: 21st<br />
Century Perspectives<br />
edited by Paul E. Mason<br />
B’69, ’69 and Horacio a.<br />
Grigera-naón<br />
lexisnexis, 2010<br />
the editors brought<br />
together in-house counsel<br />
of major multinationals,<br />
prominent arbitration<br />
lawyers and arbitrators<br />
to describe and analyze<br />
their experiences along<br />
various dimensions.<br />
topics include emerging<br />
industry trends, arbitration<br />
culture and practices<br />
in certain regions, and<br />
new technologies applicable<br />
to the arbitration<br />
process.<br />
The Supreme Court<br />
and the Press: The<br />
Indispensable Conflict<br />
By Joe Mathewson ’56<br />
northwestern university<br />
Press, 2011<br />
mathewson offers a<br />
detailed account of the<br />
justices and journalists<br />
who have fenced with<br />
each other for two centuries<br />
over freedom of<br />
the press and the public’s<br />
right to know what devils<br />
are in the details.<br />
92 saisPHeRe<br />
Where China Meets India:<br />
Burma and the New<br />
Crossroads of Asia<br />
By Thant Myint-U ’91<br />
Farrar, straus and<br />
Giroux, 2011<br />
this book examines the<br />
rising strategic importance<br />
of Burma, given<br />
its location between two<br />
emerging powers, China<br />
and india. the rapid<br />
expansion of commerce,<br />
construction of massive<br />
infrastructure, deforestation<br />
and an unprecedented<br />
movement of<br />
people are all changing<br />
the country’s physical<br />
and political landscapes.<br />
while China seeks<br />
access across Burma to<br />
the indian Ocean, india<br />
sees Burma as its bridge<br />
to the Far east. myint-u<br />
discusses these implications<br />
through tales of his<br />
journeys to Burma, eastern<br />
india and southwest<br />
China.<br />
The Last Resident: The<br />
Love Story of a British<br />
Official and an Indian<br />
Princess<br />
By Shahzad Rizvi ’79<br />
Kahany Publishers, 2010<br />
Rizvi’s novel tells the<br />
story of a British diplomat<br />
in india, in love<br />
with india and muslim<br />
culture, who falls for the<br />
married muslim princess<br />
of the state where he<br />
serves.<br />
An Angel Whispered<br />
By Patricia Ryan-Tashiro<br />
’97<br />
O-Books Publishing,<br />
2011<br />
tashiro reflects on why<br />
we are here and what we<br />
are meant to be doing in<br />
her book combining wisdom<br />
with down-to-earth<br />
advice on how to find<br />
happiness.<br />
Sandstorm: A Leaderless<br />
Revolution in the<br />
Digital Age<br />
By Adeel A. Shah ’04 and<br />
sheheryar t. sardar<br />
Global executive Board,<br />
2011<br />
this timely book on the<br />
arab spring analyzes the<br />
role that social media<br />
played in contributing<br />
to the “leaderless<br />
revolution” that spread<br />
throughout the middle<br />
east. against the backdrop<br />
of worldwide economic<br />
crises, this book<br />
examines the changing<br />
nature and incredible<br />
success of the people’s<br />
protest in the digital age.<br />
Remedies in<br />
Construction Law<br />
By Camilla ter Haar ’07<br />
and Roger ter Haar<br />
informa law, 2010<br />
this book provides a<br />
comprehensive look at<br />
areas of interest in cases<br />
of construction law and<br />
identifies potential problems<br />
in commercial construction<br />
projects.<br />
Daughter of Xanadu<br />
By Dori Jones Yang ’80<br />
Random House, 2011<br />
after eight years of<br />
research and travel to<br />
mongolia, China and<br />
the silk Road, Yang has<br />
finished her novel. the<br />
book is set in the time<br />
of marco Polo and<br />
Khubilai Khan, and Yang<br />
narrates the adventures<br />
of emmajin, a fictional<br />
granddaughter of the<br />
Great Khan and an<br />
aspiring warrior.
4<br />
alumni BenEFits news & notes<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong> Alumni Benefits<br />
1 5<br />
2 3<br />
SECURE ONLINE ACCESS<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong> has a number of<br />
benefits available to<br />
alumni, in addition to<br />
those offered through<br />
the Johns Hopkins<br />
Alumni Association<br />
YOU ARE PART OF THE<br />
ALUMNI ASSOCIATION<br />
sais alumni are part of the JHu<br />
alumni association, a volunteerdriven<br />
network with chapters in more<br />
than 20 u.s. cities and clubs in more<br />
than 20 countries. For information on<br />
chapters and clubs, and to become a<br />
member of the JHu alumni association,<br />
visit www.alumni.jhu.edu/<br />
chapters. For information on sais<br />
alumni groups and global points of<br />
contact, visit www.sais-jhu.edu/<br />
alumni/clubs.htm. DISCOUNT ON SPRING,<br />
TO FELLOW ALUMNI<br />
a new alumni directory is available!<br />
Find fellow alumni by employer,<br />
class year or geographic region with<br />
Johns Hopkins Connect, an alumni<br />
database and career-networking<br />
tool. Get in touch with other sais<br />
and JHu alumni at www.connect.<br />
jhu.edu.<br />
SUMMER AND FALL COURSES<br />
sais alumni and graduates of fulltime,<br />
sais-affiliated programs,<br />
including the Bologna Center<br />
Diploma and Hopkins-nanjing<br />
Center Certificate, receive a tuition<br />
discount of 25 percent on all summer<br />
courses, and a 50 percent<br />
discount on all fall and spring<br />
courses, space permitting. Offer-<br />
ings include international relations,<br />
economics, policy studies, development,<br />
conflict management,<br />
regional studies, several language<br />
courses and more. For details, call<br />
202.663.5671 or visit www.sais-<br />
jhu.edu/academics/non-degree.<br />
ONLINE PROFESSIONAL<br />
SKILLS COURSES<br />
sais Career services offers alumni<br />
the opportunity to take online skills<br />
courses offered through Harvard<br />
Business school Publications in<br />
accounting, finance, spreadsheet<br />
modeling and quantitative analysis.<br />
For more information, contact<br />
martina leinz at mleinz@jhu.edu.<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong> LIBRARY ALUMNI<br />
PRIVILEGES<br />
alumni may obtain a free pass<br />
for in-house use of the sais<br />
library. Borrowing privileges cost $50<br />
per year for the sais library or $200<br />
per year for all JHu libraries. For more<br />
information, contact the sais library<br />
Reference Desk at 202.663.5901 or<br />
saislibrary@jhu.edu. Knowledgenet<br />
(www.connect.jhu.edu/knowledgenet),<br />
a selection of online resources, is<br />
available to all alumni free of charge.<br />
6<br />
SOCIAL MEDIA CONNECTIONS<br />
Find the latest sais news and<br />
connect with students, faculty<br />
and staff through our accounts on<br />
Facebook, twitter and linkedin.<br />
Visit www.sais-jhu.edu/connect.<br />
7RECEIVE <strong>SAIS</strong> PUBLICATIONS<br />
a benefit of being in the sais<br />
alumni network is receiving<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong> Alumni NEWS, our monthly<br />
e-newsletter, plus <strong>SAIS</strong> Reports and<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE. For more information,<br />
email saisalum@jhu.edu.<br />
2011–2012 93
1958<br />
Dick Murphy ’58 and Luda<br />
Murphy B’60, ’61 celebrated<br />
their golden anniversary<br />
on July 29 with their<br />
daughter, Julie, and Luda’s<br />
sister, Helen Block, during a<br />
memorable two-week vacation<br />
in St. John, U.S. Virgin<br />
Islands. The Murphys continue<br />
to lead active lives in<br />
Leisure World, a retirement<br />
community in Silver Spring,<br />
Md.<br />
1959<br />
In March, Nicholas Platt<br />
’59 of New York City began<br />
advising the Philadelphia<br />
Orchestra on a long-term<br />
strategy to develop operational<br />
links to China’s provinces.<br />
His relationship with<br />
the orchestra began in 1973,<br />
when he helped Eugene<br />
Ormandy lead his musicians<br />
on a historic first tour of<br />
China. His 2010 memoir,<br />
China Boys, is now widely<br />
available as an ebook.<br />
1961<br />
Myra Barron ’61 of Washington,<br />
D.C., celebrated two<br />
milestones in June: her 50th<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong> reunion and her 50th<br />
wedding anniversary. She<br />
celebrated the latter with<br />
her husband, three children<br />
and their spouses, and seven<br />
grandchildren.<br />
Having retired from<br />
careers in both the U.S.<br />
Air Force and as a technical<br />
documentation writer,<br />
Lincoln Beaumont Jr. ’61<br />
of Omaha, Neb., enjoys<br />
time with his family, including<br />
his son, Tom, and his<br />
granddaughter Bailey.<br />
Retired U.S. Foreign<br />
Service officer and former<br />
USAID employee Robert<br />
Chamberlain ’61 resides in<br />
Washington, D.C.<br />
Talbott Huey ’61 recently<br />
retired from 20 years as the<br />
Asian studies librarian at<br />
Michigan State University<br />
and enjoys life in Baltimore<br />
and Washington, D.C.<br />
William (Bill) Jennette ’61<br />
has been a part-time contractor<br />
with the U.S. Department<br />
of State’s International<br />
Visitor Leadership Program<br />
since 2000. He lives in<br />
Arlington, Va.<br />
Retired from his civil service<br />
career since 1985, Carol<br />
Members of the class of 1961 gathered for a luncheon at <strong>SAIS</strong><br />
in Washington, D.C., in April to celebrate the 50th anniversary<br />
of their graduation. Attendees included Barclay Ward ’61,<br />
Joan Steves Ward B’58, ’61, William Jennette B’61, ’61, Carol<br />
Thomas ’61, Talbott Huey ’61, Ludmilla Murphy B’60, ’61, Robert<br />
Chamberlain B’60, ’61 and Wilbur Wright ’61.<br />
94 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
Thomas ’61 has since been<br />
involved in numerous singing<br />
groups and community<br />
organizations and enjoys<br />
his six grandchildren. He<br />
resides in Reston, Va.<br />
Barclay Ward ’61 and<br />
Joan Steves Ward B’58, ’61<br />
divide their time between<br />
Vermont and Washington,<br />
D.C. Barclay, now semiretired,<br />
consults for the U.S.<br />
Department of State and the<br />
Brookhaven National Laboratory,<br />
for whom he is working<br />
on a textbook focused<br />
on nuclear nonproliferation<br />
and safeguards. In the summer<br />
of 2011, the couple<br />
went on a cruise through the<br />
Baltic Sea with a JHU alumni<br />
group.<br />
1963<br />
Fred A. Kahn ’63 was the<br />
subject of an article on the<br />
Nixon Foundation website<br />
in September 2010. The<br />
article credited him as a pioneer<br />
for his proposal for U.S.<br />
presidential election debates,<br />
which led to the first one in<br />
1960 between Vice President<br />
Richard Nixon and Senator<br />
John F. Kennedy.<br />
Roberta Cohen Korn<br />
B’62, ’63 is retired but<br />
remains a nonresident senior<br />
fellow at the Brookings Institution<br />
in Washington, D.C.,<br />
specializing in human rights<br />
and humanitarian issues. In<br />
July she published an article<br />
on hunger in North Korea.<br />
She is also a senior associate<br />
at Georgetown University’s<br />
Institute for the Study of<br />
International Migration and<br />
an adjunct associate professor<br />
at American University’s<br />
Washington College of Law.<br />
1964<br />
Since June 2007, Les Janka<br />
’64 has been living in<br />
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, with<br />
his wife, Michele. Janka is<br />
working as president for<br />
Quincy International LLC,<br />
an international business<br />
development and government<br />
relations consulting<br />
group. He was elected chairman<br />
of the American Business<br />
Group of Riyadh in<br />
May.<br />
Ronald Shelp ’64 of New<br />
York writes a weekly blog<br />
for Forbes called “Greenberg<br />
Watch,” based on his<br />
best-seller Fallen Giant:<br />
The Amazing Story of Hank<br />
Greenberg and the History of<br />
AIG (2009). In the fall, Shelp<br />
began working as executive<br />
producer on a documentary<br />
with Cannes Film Festival<br />
winner Mike Walter and<br />
director Neal Slavin.<br />
1967<br />
Theodore A. Delvoie B’67,<br />
’67 is enjoying retirement.<br />
He is very active in<br />
volunteer work, and in<br />
September, he took a trip<br />
to Santiago de Compostela,<br />
Spain.<br />
1968<br />
James C. Cason ’68 was<br />
elected mayor of Coral<br />
Gables, Fla., in April. He will<br />
serve a two-year term.<br />
Despite the distances<br />
between their residences in<br />
Israel, Japan and the United<br />
States, four good friends who<br />
last met at <strong>SAIS</strong> 43 years ago<br />
had their reunion in May.<br />
Shmuel Limone ’68,<br />
Shoichiro Odagaki ’69,<br />
Thomas Magstadt ’68,<br />
Ph.D. ’72 and Kent<br />
Harrington ’68, along with<br />
their spouses, vacationed<br />
together in Savannah, Ga.<br />
Planning is under way for<br />
another reunion in 2012 in<br />
Tel Aviv, Israel.
Bonnie Wilson B’67, ’67, Ph.D. ’71 hosted a dinner at her home<br />
in Bethesda, Md., for the Bologna class of 1967 in June. Alumni<br />
pictured here include: Alan Messer B’67, ’68, Alan Platt B’67,<br />
’67, Giuseppe Pennisi B’67, ’68, Peggy Jones B’67, ’68, Diana<br />
McNaughton Capoluongo B’67, ’68, Wilson, Allen Keiswetter B’67,<br />
’71, Roberto Toscano B’67, ’68 and Lynne Lambert B’67, ’67.<br />
1969<br />
Warren J. Devalier ’69 lives<br />
and works in Tokyo. He is<br />
the founder of Interface Inc.<br />
and has been an M.B.A. consultant<br />
and leadership coach<br />
since April 1988.<br />
Retired USAID employee<br />
Pirie Gall ’69 and his wife,<br />
Maria Consuelo, live in<br />
Bethesda, Md., and celebrated<br />
their 39th wedding<br />
anniversary in July. In 2010<br />
they became first-time<br />
grandparents with the birth<br />
of Gavin Pirie Rizzolo. Gall<br />
stays busy with fundraising<br />
for arts organizations, acting,<br />
Santa Claus gigs and occasional<br />
international work.<br />
Shoichiro Odagaki ’69<br />
leads a happy and active<br />
retirement life. He enjoys<br />
traveling, golfing, volunteering<br />
and shuttling between<br />
libraries and the fitness<br />
club. As one of the JHU club<br />
leaders for Japan, he helped<br />
organize two <strong>SAIS</strong> alumni<br />
events in Tokyo in August<br />
2010 and June.<br />
In August, Ann Van<br />
Dusen ’69, JHU Ph.D. ’73<br />
of Washington, D.C., was<br />
appointed interim director<br />
of the new M.A. in Global<br />
Human Development<br />
Program at Georgetown<br />
University’s Edmund A.<br />
Walsh School of Foreign<br />
Service. Van Dusen has had<br />
a distinguished career in the<br />
field of development. She<br />
also has taught at <strong>SAIS</strong> for<br />
several years.<br />
1970<br />
Retired since May, Howard<br />
B. Libauer ’70 is readjusting<br />
to American life in Minneapolis<br />
after living in East<br />
Asia for 28 years. He counts<br />
among his most satisfying<br />
experiences working for private<br />
enterprises.<br />
In May, Herbert Paine ’70<br />
celebrated the 22nd anniversary<br />
of his national consulting<br />
business, specializing in<br />
organizational development<br />
and change management,<br />
business strategy, mergers<br />
and governance. Residing<br />
in Phoenix, Ariz., he is<br />
beginning his seventh year<br />
as JHU’s Arizona alumni<br />
chapter president. He is a<br />
political commentator for<br />
the local National Public<br />
Radio affiliate, KJZZ, and a<br />
contributor to the Arizona<br />
Guardian.<br />
WHAT WE’VE HeARD<br />
1971<br />
In July 2009 William I.<br />
Brustein B’70, ’71 became<br />
vice provost for global strategies<br />
and international affairs<br />
at Ohio State University in<br />
Columbus, Ohio. He also<br />
retains his post as professor<br />
of sociology, political science<br />
and history.<br />
David Mason B’70, ’71<br />
and Sharon Ann (Wood)<br />
Mason B’70, ’71 live in<br />
Indianapolis, Ind., and went<br />
on a three-week vacation to<br />
Alaska with their family over<br />
the summer. In January 2011,<br />
they were in Egypt on the eve<br />
of its revolution. In retirement,<br />
David enjoys traveling<br />
and spending time with his<br />
grandkids, including a 1-yearold<br />
grandchild who is in line<br />
possibly to be the first fourthgeneration<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong> student.<br />
Sam Oglesby B’69, ’71 of<br />
New York City continues his<br />
post-U.N. life as a writer. His<br />
most recent article, “Before<br />
Facebook, Slam Books,” was<br />
published in The Washington<br />
Post on December 11, 2010.<br />
Oglesby is also writing a<br />
blog, which includes portions<br />
of his latest book.<br />
After many years as a<br />
foreign service officer with<br />
the U.S. Department of<br />
Agriculture’s Foreign Agricultural<br />
Service, Robert<br />
Tetro ’71 retired in August<br />
2002, allowing time to<br />
indulge his lifelong hobby<br />
of photography. In February<br />
2011, he self-published<br />
a book, New Mexico & Arizona<br />
Cathedrals. Tetro lives<br />
in Arlington, Va.<br />
1972<br />
At a Los Angeles barbecue<br />
in July, while explaining<br />
that she had acquired her<br />
knowledge of Italian—<br />
plus her Italian husband,<br />
Italian passport and Italian<br />
children—as a result<br />
of studying in Bologna for<br />
a year, Claudia Engelman-<br />
Flisi B’71, ’72 discovered<br />
that she and fellow partygoer<br />
John Mazzarella B’92,<br />
’93 were both Bologna<br />
alumni.<br />
1973<br />
Frederick L. Shiels ’73,<br />
professor of political science<br />
and history at Mercy<br />
College in New York, continues<br />
his research on civilian<br />
casualties in American<br />
wars. He presented papers<br />
at Lincoln College, the<br />
Donald Hasfurther B’73, ’74, James Coone B’73, ’74 and Henry<br />
Berghoef, B’73, ’74 discuss the state of the world aboard a<br />
steamer on Lake George, N.Y., in June.<br />
2011–2012 95
University of Oxford in<br />
March 2010 and March<br />
2011 on the strategic psychology<br />
of bombing.<br />
1975<br />
Robert W. Jenkins ’75,<br />
adjunct professor at the<br />
London Business School<br />
and senior adviser to<br />
CVC Capital Partners,<br />
was appointed an external<br />
member of the Financial<br />
Policy Committee of the<br />
Bank of England in July.<br />
In August 2010, after<br />
five years in retirement,<br />
Dane Steven McGuire ’75<br />
became chief financial officer<br />
of Finca International<br />
in Washington, D.C., one<br />
of the largest microfinance<br />
institutions in the world,<br />
with 21 affiliates in Latin<br />
America, Africa, Eurasia<br />
and the greater Middle<br />
East.<br />
Jon Nowick JHU’74,<br />
B’75, ’75 has been working<br />
for SAIC since February<br />
2006 after a 31-year career<br />
in the U.S. government.<br />
He trains federal analysts<br />
in collaboration and counterterrorism<br />
and supports<br />
government agencies with<br />
their outreach, communications<br />
and quality control.<br />
Nowick lives in Bethesda,<br />
Md., with his wife. He<br />
enjoys hanging out at the<br />
beach, traveling and practicing<br />
his cocktail-style<br />
piano.<br />
Lawrence I. Weinstein<br />
JHU’74, ’75 is a partner<br />
in the New York office<br />
of Proskauer Rose LLP,<br />
where he chairs the trademark<br />
and false advertising<br />
litigation practice. He was<br />
named one of the “Litigation<br />
Stars” of New York in<br />
Institutional Investor magazine’s<br />
2011 Benchmark Litigation<br />
Survey.<br />
96 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
1977<br />
Keith Oberg ’77 of Arlington,<br />
Va., founded the nonprofit<br />
Bikes for the World in<br />
January 2005. Since then, his<br />
organization has sent 55,000<br />
used or unwanted bikes<br />
to nonprofit partners in a<br />
dozen countries, where they<br />
are distributed to people in<br />
need. The Washington Post<br />
covered the positive effects<br />
of this program in Costa Rica<br />
in an article in July.<br />
Edward M. Roche ’77<br />
taught courses last fall in<br />
business intelligence and<br />
technology intelligence<br />
at the Grenoble Ecole de<br />
Management in France and<br />
is professor of intelligence<br />
technologies at Henley-<br />
Putnam University in Palo<br />
Alto, Calif. He is also the<br />
CEO of Barraclough Ltd.,<br />
a company that provides<br />
litigation support for cases<br />
involving Medicare audits.<br />
In July 2010, Dominique<br />
Thormann B’77, ’77 was<br />
appointed executive vice<br />
president and chief financial<br />
officer of Renault in Paris.<br />
He remains the head of RCI<br />
Banque, Renault’s captivesales<br />
finance affiliate. He and<br />
his family returned to France<br />
in October 2009 after three<br />
years in Nashville, Tenn.,<br />
where Thormann was with<br />
Nissan North America. His<br />
second son, Adrien, was<br />
recently accepted as a Ph.D.<br />
candidate at JHU Whiting<br />
School of Engineering.<br />
1978<br />
Linda Hammer Collins<br />
B’77, ’78 retired in December<br />
2009 after 26 years as a<br />
U.S. government employee<br />
and four years as a U.S.<br />
government contractor. She<br />
served tours overseas at U.S.<br />
embassies and consulates<br />
in Bonn, Munich and Bagh-<br />
dad. She lives in Montverde,<br />
Fla., with her husband of 28<br />
years, Richard, a retired foreign<br />
service officer.<br />
In November 2010,<br />
Paul Dwyer B’77, ’78 was<br />
appointed head of risk for<br />
Hong Kong Aviation Capital,<br />
a lessor of commercial jet<br />
aircraft and subsidiary of<br />
the mainland-based HNA<br />
Group. He resides in Hong<br />
Kong with his wife, Andrea.<br />
In July, Gregory Powell<br />
B’77, ’78 and his wife,<br />
Margaret, hosted a “Bologna<br />
by the Bay” weekend for a<br />
few vintage <strong>SAIS</strong> stalwarts<br />
at their home on the Chesapeake<br />
Bay, Va. Attendees<br />
included David Layton<br />
B’77, ’79, Robin Reeder<br />
Layton B’77, ’79, John<br />
Haaga B’77, ’78 and his<br />
wife, Elin, and Des Shaw<br />
B’77, ’80 and his wife,<br />
Siska. They reminisced<br />
about the good times in<br />
Bologna and discussed<br />
domestic and international<br />
politics.<br />
1979<br />
Since January 2009, Frank<br />
Josbacher ’79 has been on<br />
contract with Hewlett-<br />
Packard (HP) to integrate<br />
the former Electronic Data<br />
Systems business into HP’s<br />
financial systems. He still<br />
considers diplomacy his<br />
primary skill, as he was formerly<br />
an internal business<br />
systems implementation<br />
manager. Josbacher lives in<br />
Shrewsbury, Mass.<br />
João Pignataro Pereira<br />
’79 has worked at the<br />
Ministry of Development,<br />
Industry and Foreign Trade,<br />
in Brasilia, Brazil, since<br />
February 2009. He is the<br />
technical adviser for the<br />
Department of Industrial<br />
Competitiveness.<br />
After 12 years with<br />
National Journal—the past<br />
eight in the No. 2 position<br />
of deputy editor—Patrick<br />
Pexton B’78, ’79 became<br />
ombudsman at The Washington<br />
Post in March. At<br />
National Journal, he oversaw<br />
daily operations of the magazine<br />
and directed coverage of<br />
defense, foreign affairs, intelligence,<br />
homeland security<br />
and trade policy. He resides<br />
in Chevy Chase, Md.<br />
1980<br />
Barbara Alexander ’80 of<br />
Annandale, Va., became<br />
director of the Cyber,<br />
Infrastructure and Science<br />
Division in the Office of<br />
Intelligence and Analysis<br />
at the U.S. Department of<br />
Homeland Security (DHS)<br />
in November 2010. She<br />
provides analysis to DHS,<br />
its operational components<br />
and its state, local, tribal and<br />
private sector partners on<br />
threats to the United States.<br />
Julia Michaels ’80 quit<br />
her job in publishing in<br />
August 2010 to blog about<br />
the fascinating transformation<br />
of her hometown, Rio<br />
de Janeiro, in the runup to<br />
the 2016 Olympics and<br />
the 2014 World Cup.<br />
RioRealblog.com is a bilingual<br />
website that has become<br />
a prime source of information<br />
on many aspects of the<br />
transformation and has been<br />
featured on the websites of<br />
Christian Science Monitor,<br />
Insight Crime and the<br />
Council of the Americas.<br />
1981<br />
Paul Dalle-Molle ’81 and<br />
Katharine Phillips Dalle-<br />
Molle B’80, ’81 live in Paris.<br />
In July 2009 Paul became<br />
the head of client relationship<br />
management for<br />
Europe, the Middle East and
Africa at Société Générale<br />
Corporate & Investment<br />
Banking. Kathy is a freelance<br />
consultant. Both greatly<br />
enjoyed the 2011 Bologna<br />
Reunion.<br />
F. Süphan Erkula ’81 is<br />
living in Ankara, Turkey, and<br />
since May 2010 has held<br />
the position of ambassador,<br />
director-general for Bilateral<br />
Economic Affairs at the<br />
Turkish Ministry of Foreign<br />
Affairs.<br />
Jutta Wolke B’80, ’81<br />
assumed the post of German<br />
ambassador to Algiers in<br />
August.<br />
1982<br />
Roberto Alvarez ’82 left<br />
Washington, D.C., in September<br />
2008 after 20 years,<br />
first as a businessman and<br />
later as a diplomat. He<br />
resides in Santo Domingo,<br />
Dominican Republic, where<br />
he stays busy with local politics<br />
and social issues. He is<br />
involved with the advisory<br />
councils of Americas Watch<br />
and the Latin American<br />
Program of the Woodrow<br />
Wilson International Center<br />
for Scholars. He is also<br />
working on Alternativa<br />
Latinoamericana, a project<br />
organized by political figures<br />
Jorge Castañeda and Carlos<br />
Ominami.<br />
Philip Erquiaga ’82 is<br />
director general of private<br />
sector operations at the<br />
Asian Development Bank<br />
(ADB), where he manages<br />
lending, guarantees and<br />
equity investments in project<br />
finance and capital market<br />
transactions throughout<br />
Asia. In June, Erquiaga<br />
assumed interim responsibilities<br />
as chairman of the<br />
board of the Credit Guaran-<br />
RobeRt FoRd JHU’80, ’83<br />
visited Hama, Syria, as U.S.<br />
ambassador in July to demonstrate<br />
American support for the<br />
right of free speech and peaceful<br />
protest in the country. He was<br />
warmly greeted by cheering antigovernment<br />
demonstrators, but<br />
three days later, pro-government<br />
supporters attacked the U.S.<br />
Embassy in Syria, breaking windows in protest. Ford’s<br />
visit showcased his laudable skills as a diplomat and led<br />
to the U.S. Department of State’s increasing criticism of<br />
Syrian President Bashar al-Assad’s actions against his<br />
people. When not abroad, Ford resides in Baltimore, Md.,<br />
with his wife, C. Alison Barkley ’86, who also is a foreign<br />
service officer. Ford shared his experiences at an event<br />
at <strong>SAIS</strong> in November.<br />
Several employees of Congressional Research Service in<br />
Washington, D.C., who are also <strong>SAIS</strong> graduates spanning across<br />
four decades, posed for a photo in April: Tiaji Salaam-Blyther ’00,<br />
Michael Ratner ’95, Bill Canis ’73, Mary Irace ’83, Alfred Cumming<br />
’86, Raymond Ahearn ’73, Michaela Platzer B’83, ’84, Carl Ek ’90,<br />
Neelesh Nerurkar ’01 and Ronald O’Rourke ’81.<br />
WHAT WE’VE HeARD<br />
tee and Investment Facility.<br />
He is also vice chairman<br />
of the Investment Committee<br />
of the ADB Pension<br />
Fund. He lives in Manila,<br />
Philippines.<br />
As professor of international<br />
politics at the<br />
Sorbonne, Hall Gardner<br />
’82, Ph.D. ’87 has become<br />
a recognized expert on the<br />
future of European security<br />
and NATO’s strategic vision.<br />
In 2010 and 2011, he was<br />
invited to speak at various<br />
conferences throughout<br />
Europe, including Mikhail<br />
Gorbachev’s New Policy<br />
Forum and the Slavyani<br />
Foundation. Gardner took<br />
his family to Hammamet,<br />
Tunisia, in August, while<br />
concurrently observing<br />
the impact of the Jasmine<br />
Revolution.<br />
Paul Pitman B’81, ’82<br />
joined the Historian’s Office<br />
at the U.S. Department of<br />
State in November 2010, and<br />
is looking forward to getting<br />
back in touch with <strong>SAIS</strong><br />
friends from Bologna and<br />
Washington, D.C.<br />
Maja Wessels ’82 is serving<br />
as First Solar’s executive<br />
vice president of global public<br />
affairs. She is responsible<br />
for government affairs,<br />
sustainable development<br />
and community relations.<br />
Wessels has been working at<br />
First Solar since May 2008.<br />
She lives in Paradise Valley,<br />
Ariz., with her family.<br />
1983<br />
Thomas Byrne ’83 became<br />
the regional head of Moody’s<br />
Investors Service’s Sovereign<br />
Risk Group in September<br />
2007 and is based in<br />
Singapore. He supervises<br />
the group’s analytical work<br />
in Japan, the Asia Pacific and<br />
the Middle East.<br />
In April, Linda F. Marion<br />
B’82, ’83 retired from the<br />
University of Utah after 11<br />
years. She was managing<br />
editor of the university’s<br />
magazine, Continuum. Previously<br />
she served as director<br />
of Alumni Relations and<br />
Publications at the Bologna<br />
Center. She now devotes<br />
time to renovating her home<br />
and backyard and tending to<br />
her 2-year-old golden Chow<br />
Chow. She also enjoys oil<br />
and acrylics painting and<br />
hopes to exhibit her art in<br />
Utah.<br />
1984<br />
In October, President Barack<br />
Obama nominated Gina<br />
Abercrombie-Winstanley<br />
’84 to be U.S. ambassador<br />
to the Republic of Malta. A<br />
career member of the U.S.<br />
Foreign Service with the<br />
rank of minister-counselor,<br />
Abercrombie-Winstanley<br />
currently serves as deputy<br />
coordinator for Policy, Programs<br />
and Budget in the<br />
U.S. Department of State’s<br />
Office of the Coordinator<br />
for Counterterrorism. She<br />
lives in Washington, D.C.<br />
Jacqueline Mazza B’83,<br />
’84, Ph.D.’98 has been a<br />
2011–2012 97
professorial lecturer in the<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong> Latin American Studies<br />
Program since receiving<br />
her Ph.D. in 1998. She<br />
works full time as lead<br />
labor markets specialist for<br />
the Inter-American Development<br />
Bank in Washington,<br />
D.C., where she publishes<br />
frequently on Latin<br />
American labor markets<br />
and social policy. Mazza led<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong> Western Hemisphere<br />
Studies students to Beijing<br />
this past spring and will be<br />
teaching U.S. Foreign Policy<br />
Toward Latin America<br />
in spring 2012.<br />
Scott D. Tollefson ’84,<br />
Ph.D. ’91 has been an associate<br />
professor of national<br />
security affairs at the Center<br />
for Hemispheric Defense<br />
Studies at National Defense<br />
University in Washington,<br />
D.C., since April 2010.<br />
1985<br />
Eugenio Díaz-Bonilla ’85,<br />
Ph.D. ’92 was reappointed<br />
in March to a fourth term<br />
as executive director<br />
for Argentina and Haiti<br />
at the Inter-American<br />
Development Bank (IDB).<br />
He continues teaching a<br />
course on the history and<br />
operations of the IDB at<br />
The George Washington<br />
University’s Elliott School<br />
for International Affairs in<br />
Washington, D.C.<br />
Elizabeth “Lisa” Klein<br />
McKenna ’85 has been a<br />
sales director at the commercial<br />
open-source software<br />
company Zenoss since<br />
June. She plays tennis and<br />
enjoys music, stage, film<br />
and food. She lives in the<br />
San Francisco Bay Area<br />
with her husband and three<br />
rescue dogs.<br />
G. Christopher Welton<br />
B’84, ’85 has been living<br />
and working in Europe<br />
98 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
since 1990 and has made<br />
Paris his home since<br />
September 2000. Welton<br />
handles global investor relations<br />
for Vinci, a member<br />
of the French stock market<br />
index CAC 40.<br />
Gunnar Wiegand B’84,<br />
’85 left the European Commission<br />
and joined the European<br />
External Action Service<br />
of the European Union in<br />
January 2011. He is now<br />
director in charge of Russia,<br />
the Eastern Partnership<br />
(Eastern Europe and South<br />
Caucasus), Central Asia,<br />
regional cooperation and the<br />
Organization for Security<br />
and Co-operation in Europe.<br />
Wiegand lives in Brussels.<br />
1986<br />
Susan K. Brems ’86, Ph.D.<br />
’93 became senior deputy<br />
assistant administrator<br />
for the Bureau for Global<br />
Health at USAID in July<br />
2010. She served in that<br />
position until July and is<br />
now USAID mission director<br />
in Lusaka, Zambia.<br />
Brems is a career member<br />
of the USAID Senior<br />
Foreign Service, rank of<br />
minister-counselor.<br />
Mary M. Dickens<br />
Johnson ’86 and her husband<br />
recently moved from<br />
Deerfield Beach to Tavernier<br />
on Key Largo in the<br />
Florida Keys. She continues<br />
to teach contracts management<br />
at Villanova University<br />
School of Continuing<br />
Studies online.<br />
Ronald W. Peppe II JHU<br />
’83, ’86 was elected in June<br />
to the city council of Falls<br />
Church, Va. Peppe previously<br />
served as the chairman<br />
of the school board in<br />
Falls Church and remains<br />
vice president for legal and<br />
human resources for Canam<br />
Steel Corp.’s U.S. operations.<br />
1987<br />
Jean Curran Benedict ’87<br />
and Mitchell Benedict ’87<br />
are in Freetown, Sierra<br />
Leone, where Mitch is deputy<br />
chief of mission at the<br />
U.S. Embassy, and Jean is a<br />
country manager for USAID.<br />
This summer, their daughter,<br />
Collin, in her final year at<br />
Phillips Academy, was an<br />
intern in the embassy’s public<br />
affairs office. Their son, Cole,<br />
also at Phillips Academy, was<br />
in Sierra Leone volunteering<br />
at the Tacugama Chimpanzee<br />
Sanctuary.<br />
Angelo Capozzi B’86, ’87<br />
has been living in Maastricht,<br />
Netherlands, with his wife,<br />
Ingrid, and daughter, Cecilia,<br />
since 2005. Since November<br />
2008, he has worked in<br />
global business development<br />
at Goodpack Europe, focusing<br />
on the global trade of<br />
fruit juices and concentrates.<br />
After 40 years in international<br />
relations, mostly<br />
within the Swedish Foreign<br />
Service, Winni Fejne ’87,<br />
former consul-general of<br />
Sweden in Guangzhou,<br />
China, retired to her hometown<br />
of Helsingborg, Sweden,<br />
in January 2011. She<br />
enjoys staying in touch with<br />
fellow alumni and plans to<br />
consult in East Asia affairs<br />
with a focus on China and<br />
the Pearl River Delta.<br />
Kay Halpern B’85, ’87<br />
and Jean Luning-Johnson<br />
B’82, ’83 enjoyed a minireunion<br />
at Zaytinya restaurant<br />
in Washington, D.C.,<br />
in January 2011. Halpern is<br />
a senior analyst at the U.S.<br />
Government Accountability<br />
Office, and Luning-Johnson<br />
is retired.<br />
1988<br />
Casual triathlete Lynda<br />
Kristen Barrow B’87, ’88<br />
completed the Register’s<br />
Annual Great Bike Ride<br />
Across Iowa in July. She is<br />
an associate professor of<br />
political science at Coe College<br />
in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.<br />
Katherine Penchuk<br />
Grabbe B’87, ’88 is married<br />
and living in New York City,<br />
where she has worked for the<br />
Federal Reserve since September<br />
2009. She has fond<br />
memories of Italy travels,<br />
Bologna shoe shopping and<br />
her year at <strong>SAIS</strong> in Washington,<br />
D.C. She extends a hello<br />
to her classmates from the<br />
class of 1988.<br />
This past June, Timothy<br />
D. Hoyt ’88, Ph.D. ’97 was<br />
named John Nicholas Brown<br />
Chair of Counterterrorism<br />
Studies at the U.S. Naval War<br />
College in Newport, R.I.,<br />
where he has been a professor<br />
for 10 years.<br />
In July, Denise A. Rollins<br />
’88 returned to work in the<br />
United States after 23 years<br />
abroad with USAID. She<br />
has served as a U.S. foreign<br />
service officer in Jamaica,<br />
Ghana, Uganda, Nigeria,<br />
South Africa and, most<br />
recently, as mission director<br />
in Bangladesh. She now holds<br />
the title of senior deputy<br />
assistant administrator for<br />
Asia based at USAID’s Washington,<br />
D.C., headquarters.<br />
In April, Jonathan Stern<br />
’88 became the manager of<br />
media and communications<br />
for the Global Alliance for<br />
Vaccines and Immunization<br />
(GAVI) Alliance in Washington,<br />
D.C., after a long career<br />
as a business journalist. GAVI<br />
is a Geneva-based international<br />
organization devoted to<br />
increasing children’s access to<br />
immunization in the world’s<br />
poorest countries.<br />
Belinda Theriault ’88 was<br />
appointed executive director<br />
of the Fulbright Commission<br />
in Iceland. She has been<br />
working on a project that
Lee KempLeR ’91, managing<br />
and executive director of the<br />
BlackRock Investment Institute,<br />
received the 2011 Johns Hopkins<br />
University Alumni Association’s<br />
Distinguished Alumnus Award<br />
on September 21 in New York.<br />
The award honors alumni whose<br />
personal accomplishments,<br />
professional achievements or<br />
humanitarian service typifies the school’s tradition of<br />
excellence. Kempler has spent most of his career working<br />
with financial institutions on a range of strategy, operations<br />
and organization issues. A dedicated alumnus and<br />
strategic thinker, Kempler undertook a thorough benchmarking<br />
survey for <strong>SAIS</strong>’s Career Services in 2004 and<br />
suggested strategies for improvements that have since<br />
been adopted. In addition, together with Peter Flaherty<br />
B’67, ’68, Kempler led the “Rolling Back the Future” strategic<br />
plan for <strong>SAIS</strong> and has supported the school’s leadership<br />
development program. In 1996, he also funded the<br />
Myra and Jerold Kempler Fellowship to support a <strong>SAIS</strong><br />
student in recognition of his parents’ “loving support<br />
each step of the way.” Kempler has hosted students at his<br />
New York office during Career Trek visits and generously<br />
shared his personal insights about strategy consulting. He<br />
also serves as a <strong>SAIS</strong> Advisory Council member and has<br />
been active in various nonprofit institutions in New York.<br />
aims to promote diversity,<br />
open-mindedness and<br />
tolerance among children<br />
while they learn English as<br />
a second language. In 2010,<br />
her project earned a prize<br />
for best new business idea<br />
and received several public<br />
grants, including one from<br />
the Human Rights Council<br />
of the city of Reykjavik.<br />
1989<br />
After 18 years working for<br />
the United Nations High<br />
Commissioner for Refugees,<br />
Victoria Akyeampong ’89<br />
joined the United Nations<br />
Population Fund as their<br />
country representative in<br />
Kigali, Rwanda, in August<br />
2010. She finds advocating<br />
for reproductive health<br />
and rights of girls highly<br />
rewarding.<br />
Fermin Fautsch ’89 is<br />
the chief executive officer of<br />
the Southeast Asia branch<br />
of Logica, a U.K.-based<br />
global information technology<br />
and management<br />
consultancy company, since<br />
2009. He is based in Kuala<br />
Lumpur, Malaysia. He previously<br />
directed Logica in Sao<br />
Paulo. His son, Dimitri, is a<br />
freshman at Northwestern<br />
University. Fautsch is an<br />
avid golfer, swimmer and<br />
diver and is currently learning<br />
Mandarin Chinese and<br />
Bahasa.<br />
In May, President Barack<br />
Obama appointed Alan H.<br />
Fleischmann ’89 to serve on<br />
the White House Commission<br />
on Presidential Scholars,<br />
a part-time appointment<br />
that allows him to remain<br />
engaged in public service<br />
and continue his profes-<br />
WHAT WE’VE HeARD<br />
sional leadership roles as cofounder<br />
and managing director<br />
of ImagineNations Group<br />
and as managing board<br />
member of Albright Stonebridge<br />
Group. Fleischmann<br />
is a member of the <strong>SAIS</strong><br />
Advisory Council. He and his<br />
wife, Dafna Tapiero JHU’91,<br />
’92, are proud parents of two<br />
young daughters. They live<br />
in Washington, D.C.<br />
Ted Osius ’89 represents<br />
the United States as the<br />
deputy chief of mission to<br />
Indonesia in Jakarta at a time<br />
of surging bilateral relations.<br />
Osius continues to build an<br />
enduring partnership with<br />
the world’s third-largest<br />
democracy. He plans to<br />
return to Washington, D.C.,<br />
in the summer of 2012.<br />
In October 2010, The<br />
Washington Post hired Holly<br />
Yeager B’88, ’89 as its Middle<br />
East and Asia editor. Yeager<br />
formerly reported for the<br />
Financial Times in both New<br />
York and Washington, D.C.<br />
Her assignments included<br />
political coverage and the<br />
weekend section. She has<br />
also written freelance pieces<br />
for O, The Oprah Magazine<br />
and The Wilson Quarterly.<br />
Yeager lives in Washington,<br />
D.C.<br />
1990<br />
Jonathan Isham ’90 is<br />
professor of economics at<br />
Middlebury College, director<br />
of Middlebury’s Environmental<br />
Studies Program, and<br />
in September, became the<br />
faculty director of the new<br />
Hassenfeld Center for Social<br />
Entrepreneurship, based in<br />
Middlebury, Vt., and Hartford,<br />
Conn. He thinks fondly<br />
and often of what he learned<br />
in the <strong>SAIS</strong> Social Change<br />
and Development Program<br />
[now International Development<br />
Program], under the<br />
tutelage of retired Professor<br />
Grace Goodell.<br />
After a heavy global travel<br />
schedule in 2010, Reuben<br />
Jessop ’90 decided to localize<br />
his consulting work in<br />
Southeast Asia in an effort<br />
to stay closer to family. He<br />
focuses on Vietnam and<br />
the improvement of its<br />
local banks in which his<br />
employer, the International<br />
Finance Corporation, has<br />
made equity investments.<br />
He and his family live in<br />
Bangkok.<br />
Michael Waxman-Lenz<br />
’90 founded International<br />
Education Advantage LLC<br />
in December 2010. The<br />
company specializes in using<br />
digital technology to assist<br />
universities in recruiting and<br />
retaining international students<br />
more cost-effectively<br />
and consistently. It launched<br />
a number of digital media<br />
tools and its Web-based<br />
recruiting platform with<br />
pilots in Russia, China and<br />
India in July. Waxman-Lenz<br />
resides in Beachwood, Ohio.<br />
1991<br />
In September 2010, Timothy<br />
James Jennison ’91, a managing<br />
director at Morgan<br />
Stanley, was appointed cohead<br />
of Europe, the Middle<br />
East and Africa credit sales<br />
out of the company’s London<br />
office.<br />
Feroz Hassan Khan ’91,<br />
a retired brigadier general,<br />
served with the Pakistani<br />
Army for 32 years. This<br />
included domestic and<br />
international assignments<br />
in the United States, Europe<br />
and South Asia. In 2003,<br />
he joined the Naval Postgraduate<br />
School in Monterey,<br />
Calif., as a visiting professor<br />
in the Department of<br />
National Security Affairs<br />
and senior researcher in the<br />
2011–2012 99
Sam Whipple ’91 (back left), Arnold Holle ’91, Tim Jennison ’91, James Stuart ’90,<br />
John Kremer ’91, Landon Thomas ’91, Tom Kearney ’91 and John Metzler ’91<br />
(seated) celebrate Cinco de Mayo at Mestizo restaurant in London in May.<br />
Missing from the photo but present at the party were Paul Hennemeyer ’88<br />
and Will Gardiner ’91. They chose the celebration date and restaurant to<br />
honor classmate and friend Arturo Sarukhán ’91, current ambassador of<br />
Mexico to the United States.<br />
Center for Contemporary<br />
Conflict. Since 2008, he has<br />
served as a lecturer in the<br />
same department.<br />
Mark Lee N’91 welcomes<br />
fellow alumni to the “new<br />
coastal district” of Tianjin,<br />
China, where he is responsible<br />
for pre-opening his<br />
new management project,<br />
Longda Hot Springs Resort<br />
& Spa. Lee says it will be<br />
the largest in-house rain forest<br />
resort in the world. The<br />
project is scheduled to open<br />
in October.<br />
In July, William S. Martin<br />
IV ’91 finished a one-year<br />
tour as the director of the<br />
Provincial Reconstruction<br />
Team in Panjshir, Afghanistan.<br />
In August, he started a<br />
two-year assignment as the<br />
deputy director of the Office<br />
of Peace Operations, Sanctions<br />
and Counterterrorism<br />
in the International Organizations<br />
Bureau at the U.S.<br />
Department of State.<br />
Joanna Pineda ’91 gave<br />
birth to her second son,<br />
Marcus John, in September<br />
2010. Last year, Washingtonian<br />
magazine named Joanna<br />
a local “Tech Titan,” and in<br />
May, her company, Matrix<br />
100 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
Group International, Inc.,<br />
celebrated its 12th anniversary.<br />
Pineda lives and works<br />
in Northern Virginia and<br />
has been happily married to<br />
Maki Kato for 11 years.<br />
1992<br />
Susannah Leisher ’92<br />
resigned after five years as<br />
the vice president of programs<br />
for Trickle Up, an<br />
organization serving those in<br />
extreme poverty. She and her<br />
husband moved to Maine in<br />
June for a year in the woods.<br />
They are homeschooling<br />
their three boys and spending<br />
much time outdoors,<br />
including lots of kayaking.<br />
Leisher’s husband, Craig,<br />
has posted notes about their<br />
adventure on The New York<br />
Times blog on energy and the<br />
environment.<br />
Thitinan Jay<br />
Pongsudhirak ’92 was a<br />
visiting professor with the<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong> Southeast Asia Studies<br />
Program in spring 2011. He<br />
taught a course on Thailand’s<br />
Crisis and Transformation<br />
and engaged the policy community<br />
in Washington, D.C.,<br />
on issues related to Thailand<br />
and Southeast Asia.<br />
He went back to<br />
Bangkok just before<br />
Thailand’s election<br />
on July 3 and<br />
returned to teaching<br />
and research<br />
at Chulalongkorn<br />
University. He also<br />
runs their think<br />
tank, the Institute<br />
of Security<br />
and International<br />
Studies.<br />
In October 2008,<br />
David Schatsky<br />
B’91, ’92 founded<br />
Green Research, a<br />
research and advisory<br />
firm focused<br />
on corporate environmental<br />
sustainability<br />
and clean technology. Green<br />
Research is based in New<br />
York City, and Schatsky<br />
remains its principal analyst.<br />
Keith Sproule ’92 moved<br />
to Windhoek, Namibia, with<br />
his family in June 2009. As<br />
the tourism business adviser<br />
with the World Wildlife<br />
Foundation-Namibia, he<br />
provides technical support<br />
for joint-venture lodge<br />
developments in communal<br />
conservancies throughout<br />
the country.<br />
1993<br />
Claudia Fumo B’92, ’93<br />
left Maputo, Mozambique,<br />
in August 2010 after four<br />
years as social development<br />
adviser with the U.K.<br />
Department for International<br />
Development (DFID) and<br />
moved to Rome, where she<br />
is on secondment from DFID<br />
to the European Union Delegation<br />
to the United Nations<br />
Agencies.<br />
Richard (Rick) Hughes ’93<br />
has embarked on a second<br />
career in environmental conservation,<br />
ending a 20-year<br />
career in international public<br />
health. He became regional<br />
representative in charge of<br />
the World Wide Fund for<br />
Nature (WWF) program in<br />
Madagascar and the Western<br />
Indian Ocean in February<br />
2011. He has been living<br />
in Antananarivo with his<br />
two children, Kiran, 11,<br />
and Ravi, 8, since the end<br />
of 2007, after eight years in<br />
Zambia.<br />
James Mathias B’92, ’93<br />
has been working with the<br />
government of South Africa<br />
in support of an array of science<br />
and astronomy projects<br />
since August 2008. He is living<br />
in Washington, D.C.<br />
1994<br />
Alexandra (Sandy) Burke<br />
Ewing ’94 of Nashville,<br />
Tenn., is pursuing a Ph.D. in<br />
environmental management<br />
at Vanderbilt University.<br />
Her work focuses on the<br />
life cycle of environmental<br />
CHaRLotte HebebRand ’93<br />
has served for the past six years<br />
as chief executive of the International<br />
Food & Agricultural<br />
Trade Policy Council (IPC) in<br />
Washington, D.C. Previously she<br />
advised the European Commission’s<br />
Washington Delegation<br />
on international development,<br />
trade, agriculture and food<br />
safety issues. Hebebrand has also worked in the foreign<br />
policy division of the Brookings Institution.
energy and social impacts of<br />
food systems in the United<br />
States. She is also developing<br />
metrics to support sustainability<br />
improvements in<br />
the industry. She has two<br />
children, Richard, 8, and<br />
Madeleine, 5.<br />
Benjamin Hein B’93, ’94<br />
saw several classmates last<br />
summer when he worked at<br />
a multifamily office of PRS<br />
Investment Advisory and visited<br />
investment management<br />
firms around the world.<br />
In June and July, he reconnected<br />
with Jennifer<br />
(Kimiatek) Hunnewell B’93,<br />
’94 in Boston and Stacy<br />
Scapino B’93, ’94 in Chicago.<br />
In August in Sao Paulo,<br />
he visited Jose Pedro Leite<br />
da Costa B’93, ’94, Fernando<br />
Borges B’93, ’94 and Rick de<br />
Lambert B’93, ’94.<br />
In April 2008 Cynthia<br />
Lopez ’94 became the<br />
director of the JCPenney<br />
Leadership Program for<br />
high-achieving business<br />
students at the University of<br />
Oklahoma’s Price College of<br />
Business.<br />
Suzie Sudarman ’94 has<br />
been heading the American<br />
Studies Center since April<br />
2003 while also teaching in<br />
the Department of International<br />
Relations at Universitas<br />
Indonesia in Jakarta since<br />
1986.<br />
1995<br />
Yamilee Bastien B’94, ’95<br />
is the commercial attaché at<br />
the U.S. Embassy in Brazil<br />
and looks forward to having<br />
a full house of visitors<br />
during the 2014 World Cup<br />
Games. In July, she was featured<br />
in an Essence article on<br />
“Global Movers and Shakers<br />
Changing Our World.”<br />
As of September 2010,<br />
Thanos Kafopoulos B’94,<br />
’95 became consul general of<br />
Greece in Montreal, responsible<br />
for Quebec and the<br />
Maritime Provinces.<br />
1996<br />
Jim Armington ’96 moved<br />
from Washington, D.C.,<br />
to Tokyo in October 2010<br />
to lead Boeing’s defense,<br />
space and security business<br />
in Japan. In January 2011,<br />
Armington also became<br />
co-chair of the Aerospace<br />
and Defense Committee<br />
of the American Chamber<br />
of Commerce in Japan. In<br />
June, he co-hosted a <strong>SAIS</strong><br />
alumni event at the Boeing<br />
Japan headquarters.<br />
Isabel Hagbrink ’96<br />
joined the World Bank<br />
in July 2009. She is now<br />
senior communications officer<br />
of the Carbon Finance<br />
Unit and lives in Washington,<br />
D.C.<br />
Zachariah Messitte B’94,<br />
’96 has held the William J.<br />
Crowe Chair in Geopolitics<br />
at the University of Oklahoma<br />
since August 2007.<br />
In January 2011, he was<br />
named the dean of the College<br />
of International Studies.<br />
His wife, Julia B’94, ’96,<br />
is an assistant general counsel<br />
for the university. They<br />
have two children, Samuel,<br />
9, and Julius, 7.<br />
Lainie Thomas ’96<br />
has been based in Manila,<br />
Philippines, with the Asian<br />
Development Bank (ADB)<br />
for the past three years.<br />
Since February 2009, she<br />
has worked specifically<br />
with the NGO and Civil<br />
Society Center, supporting<br />
ADB’s engagement with<br />
civil society.<br />
In August, Joy Whitlow<br />
’96 was promoted to<br />
chief financial officer and<br />
executive vice president<br />
for finance at the National<br />
Association of Broadcasters.<br />
WHAT WE’VE HeARD<br />
She lives in Washington,<br />
D.C., with her husband and<br />
three sons.<br />
In September 2006,<br />
Stephen Yates ’96 founded<br />
DC Asia Advisory, a consulting<br />
company. In May<br />
2010, the company was<br />
rechristened DC International<br />
Advisory with Yates<br />
still at the helm as founder<br />
and president. He also<br />
remains a senior fellow<br />
at the American Foreign<br />
Policy Council and lives in<br />
Gaithersburg, Md.<br />
1997<br />
Phillip Assis B’95, ’97<br />
became the public affairs<br />
officer at the U.S. Embassy<br />
to the Holy See (Vatican) in<br />
September.<br />
Matt Hill ’97, N’97<br />
and Tiange Gao ’97, N’97<br />
moved to Melbourne, Australia,<br />
in April 2010. They<br />
now have two boys, Oliver,<br />
6, and Patrick, 3.<br />
After three years serving<br />
as chief of party of a<br />
USAID-funded financial<br />
sector development program<br />
in the West Bank<br />
of the Occupied Palestinian<br />
Territories, Timothy<br />
Nourse ’97 returned to<br />
Washington, D.C., in<br />
January 2011 to become<br />
executive director of Making<br />
Cents International, a<br />
socially oriented development<br />
consulting business.<br />
Pamela Pontius ’07 has<br />
been a foreign service officer<br />
with the U.S. Department<br />
of State since graduation.<br />
Her family enjoyed<br />
two years in Hyderabad,<br />
India, where they helped to<br />
open a new consulate. In<br />
March, they were posted to<br />
Manila, Philippines, where<br />
there is a thriving <strong>SAIS</strong><br />
community.<br />
John Vaaler ’97, finance<br />
director of John Deere Russia,<br />
moved to Moscow in<br />
August 2010 to take up this<br />
new position after two years<br />
in Tampere, Finland, as<br />
finance director for Deere’s<br />
forestry business in Europe<br />
and Russia.<br />
1998<br />
Eric Gibbs ’98 and Sampriti<br />
Ganguli ’99, ’01 celebrated<br />
their 11th wedding anniversary<br />
on August 19, during<br />
a blissful week in Copenhagen.<br />
Gibbs recently joined<br />
an international NGO as the<br />
senior director of country<br />
programs and is happily connecting<br />
with <strong>SAIS</strong> classmates<br />
in Beijing, Mexico City, New<br />
Delhi and Brussels. Ganguli<br />
has worked for the past<br />
decade at Corporate Executive<br />
Board, where she heads<br />
the company’s government<br />
practice.<br />
Elizabeth Madigan Jost<br />
B’97, ’98 was appointed<br />
chief risk officer for Latin<br />
America at Morgan Stanley<br />
in June. She works out of the<br />
company’s New York office.<br />
Since July 2009, Loula<br />
Sassaris Merkel ’98 of Des<br />
Plaines, Ill., has worked as<br />
second-generation biofuel<br />
technology developer at<br />
Coskata. She is focused on<br />
helping to finance the company’s<br />
first commercial facility<br />
using its low-cost technology,<br />
which she says can<br />
reduce dependence on oil,<br />
stimulate rural job creation<br />
and is environmentally superior<br />
to other biofuel options.<br />
In August, Russell Porter<br />
’98 of Bethesda, Md., became<br />
director of the Office of Strategic<br />
Planning, Monitoring<br />
and Evaluation, Budget and<br />
Outreach in USAID’s Office<br />
of Afghanistan-Pakistan<br />
Affairs. He previously served<br />
as director of the USAID<br />
2011–2012 101
peRCivaL mangLano ’98<br />
has been appointed as the<br />
economy and budget minister<br />
of the Madrid Regional Government<br />
(MRG). Manglano has<br />
dedicated much of his career<br />
to Spanish politics. He has<br />
served as an adviser in foreign<br />
affairs and international<br />
development to the Popular<br />
Parliamentary Group at the Spanish parliament, chief of<br />
staff of Madrid’s immigration ministry and, most recently,<br />
Madrid’s director general for development aid.<br />
Haiti Task Team, managing<br />
the USAID response to the<br />
2010 earthquake.<br />
In July 2010, Jennifer<br />
Reichert ’98 joined CRDF<br />
Global (U.S. Civilian<br />
Research and Development<br />
Foundation) as a senior<br />
program manager. She<br />
implements educational and<br />
other cooperative programs<br />
in support of international<br />
nuclear security. She lives in<br />
Alexandria, Va.<br />
1999<br />
Edward “Boz” Bestic ’99<br />
and Jordan Winkler ’07 are<br />
in Khost, Afghanistan; both<br />
are serving as U.S. Department<br />
of State members of<br />
a military provincial reconstruction<br />
team, focusing on<br />
political, governance and<br />
economic development<br />
issues. Bestic has been incountry<br />
since July; Winkler<br />
since January 2011.<br />
Peter Taylor B’99, ’99,<br />
together with his wife,<br />
JoAnn, and son, A.J., moved<br />
back to the United Kingdom<br />
last summer after 14 years of<br />
living overseas in Singapore,<br />
Hong Kong and Washington,<br />
D.C. He is working in London<br />
as an investment manager<br />
for emerging markets<br />
equities at Aberdeen Asset<br />
Management.<br />
Sergio Tjong-Alvares<br />
102 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
N’97, ’99 currently manages<br />
a strategic marketing project<br />
with the Israeli Ministry of<br />
Industry, Trade and Labor<br />
on behalf of consulting<br />
firm Atid-EDI in Jerusalem.<br />
He also remains a regional<br />
reporter for Xinhua News<br />
Agency. He and his wife,<br />
Shira, enjoy raising their<br />
children Tzuriel, 5, Kelila, 3,<br />
and Gavriel, 1.<br />
Friso van der Oord B’98,<br />
’99 and his wife, Laura<br />
Dorling, moved from Santa<br />
Monica, Calif., to New York<br />
in the spring. At first they<br />
experienced culture shock<br />
but have since begun to<br />
enjoy the urban jungle of<br />
Gotham City. He is leading<br />
several lines of business at<br />
LRN Corporation, an education<br />
and advisory firm<br />
helping companies inspire<br />
principled and sustainable<br />
performance. He likes<br />
working with Christophe<br />
Leroy ’02 on a program<br />
to recast leadership in<br />
business.<br />
2000<br />
Nicole King Allen ’00 and<br />
Russ Allen ’00 of Atlanta<br />
have been blessed with their<br />
fourth child, Hart Law, born<br />
on July 27. He was welcomed<br />
into the family by big<br />
brother Adger, 6, and big sisters<br />
Elowyn, 4, and Carys, 2.<br />
In April 2010, Ricardo<br />
G. Rojas ’00 was appointed<br />
as political counselor and<br />
deputy chief of mission at<br />
the Embassy of Chile in<br />
Uruguay.<br />
After spending nearly a<br />
decade as a journalist for<br />
Fortune magazine, Julie<br />
Schlosser B’99, ’00 of Washington,<br />
D.C., teamed up<br />
with former colleague Lee<br />
Clifford to launch a philanthropic<br />
line of jewelry that<br />
raises money and awareness<br />
for global and local nonprofits.<br />
Started in November<br />
2010, their company,<br />
Altruette, serves 30 nonprofits<br />
such as CARE, the<br />
International Rescue Committee<br />
and GlobalGiving.<br />
Andrée Simon ’00 of<br />
Washington, D.C., is acting<br />
chief executive officer of<br />
Women for Women International,<br />
an organization<br />
providing women survivors<br />
of war, civil strife and other<br />
conflicts with the tools and<br />
resources to move from crisis<br />
and poverty to stability and<br />
self-sufficiency. In February<br />
2011, Simon worked with<br />
women in East Congo on<br />
issues related to economic<br />
empowerment.<br />
Markus David Taussig ’00<br />
accepted a faculty position<br />
in July at the National University<br />
of Singapore Business<br />
School. He assumed his new<br />
post, assistant professor of<br />
strategy and policy, after<br />
defending his D.B.A. in<br />
strategy at Harvard Business<br />
School. He would like to<br />
connect with <strong>SAIS</strong> alumni<br />
in Singapore and Vietnam,<br />
which he will be visiting<br />
regularly for research.<br />
2001<br />
Adria Armbrister ’01 has<br />
worked with the Inter-<br />
American Development<br />
Bank for three years. She<br />
was transferred from Washington,<br />
D.C., to Bogota,<br />
Colombia, in March, and<br />
will remain there for the<br />
next three to five years. She<br />
welcomes any visits from fellow<br />
alumni.<br />
Vanessa Friedman B’00,<br />
’01 works in New York<br />
City and in February 2009,<br />
started her own international<br />
communications consultancy,<br />
V Dot Consulting. She<br />
has two children, Dahlia,<br />
4, and Max, 2. They live in<br />
Brooklyn, N.Y.<br />
Since 2005 Zeynep<br />
Kudatgobilik B’00, ’01 has<br />
worked at Deutsche Bank<br />
as an in-house economist<br />
responsible for Latin America<br />
and Turkey. She lives in<br />
New York City with her husband,<br />
Derek Meilman, and<br />
children, Liam and Leila.<br />
Christina Wu N’01, ’01<br />
is an assistant U.S. attorney<br />
for the District of Arizona,<br />
where she handles prosecutions<br />
for border-related<br />
crimes, such as immigration<br />
and firearms violations and<br />
drug and alien smuggling.<br />
She was married on April<br />
30 in Phoenix. She met her<br />
fiancé in law school at the<br />
University of Arizona.<br />
2002<br />
Chris Allen ’02 and his wife,<br />
Cynthia, returned to Washington,<br />
D.C., at the end of<br />
August. Allen accepted the<br />
position of northeast director<br />
of real estate for P.F.<br />
Chang’s Bistro and Pei Wei<br />
Asian Diner.<br />
In May, Hassan Baroudy<br />
’02 became chief of party<br />
for a USAID-funded project<br />
in Kabul with Democracy<br />
International. Since then, he<br />
has been leading a team of<br />
U.S. expatriate and Afghan<br />
experts in promoting elec-
toral reform and civic advocacy<br />
throughout the country.<br />
Since June 2002, Dastan<br />
Bekzakir ’02 has lived<br />
and worked in Almaty,<br />
Kazakhstan. He is the chief<br />
executive officer for TORE<br />
Engineering.<br />
Based in Casablanca,<br />
Morocco, since 2004,<br />
William C. Fellows ’02<br />
became regional director for<br />
Maghreb & Afrique Francophone<br />
in October 2010. Fellows<br />
attended the <strong>SAIS</strong> class<br />
of 2001 10-year reunion in<br />
Washington, D.C., in May.<br />
After spending two<br />
years in Portland, Ore.,<br />
Christophe Leroy ’02 and<br />
Ana Morales Leroy ’02<br />
moved to Mexico City, where<br />
they now live with their son,<br />
Sebastian. Christophe has<br />
his own healing arts practice<br />
and is also a freelance<br />
consultant for LRN Corporation.<br />
Ana is a full-time yoga<br />
instructor and works as a<br />
trade consultant. They are<br />
excited to be close to<br />
Sebastian’s godfather, James<br />
J. Shea JHU’02, B’04, ’05.<br />
Christopher Dean ’02<br />
and Simona Marin ’03 were<br />
married in August 2005,<br />
and currently reside in<br />
Annapolis, Md., with their<br />
2-year-old son, Matei. Marin<br />
is a business analyst with a<br />
defense contractor, and Dean<br />
is director of information<br />
systems and technology at<br />
an organization that collects<br />
and distributes royalties for<br />
digital audio broadcasts. All<br />
three enjoy music, biking,<br />
sailing and being outdoors.<br />
Claudia Seymour ’02<br />
has been working in eastern<br />
Democratic Republic<br />
of Congo (DRC) on issues<br />
relating to child protection<br />
since February 2006. When<br />
not in the DRC, she spends<br />
her time in London completing<br />
a Ph.D. in development<br />
studies at the University of<br />
London School of Oriental<br />
and African Studies.<br />
In August, Tejal Shah ’02<br />
began work with U.S. Senator<br />
Mark Udall (D-Colo.)<br />
on domestic energy issues, a<br />
one-year posting through the<br />
U.S. Department of State fellowship<br />
program for foreign<br />
service officers. She continues<br />
to be based in Washington,<br />
D.C.<br />
Svetlana Vassiliouk ’02<br />
has been living and working<br />
in Tokyo for nine years.<br />
In April, she accepted a<br />
permanent tenured position<br />
as senior assistant professor<br />
at the School of Global<br />
Japanese Studies of Meiji<br />
University, where she teaches<br />
undergraduate courses in<br />
international relations and<br />
politics.<br />
2003<br />
Sebastiana Gianci ’03 and<br />
her husband, Paul Lafornara,<br />
of Baltimore, Md., welcomed<br />
their son, Nikai Pax Victor,<br />
into the world in September<br />
2010.<br />
In June, David Quayat<br />
’03 moved to Toronto to join<br />
the law firm of Lenczner<br />
Slaght LLP, where he has a<br />
busy litigation practice.<br />
Gianluca Signorelli ’03<br />
lives in San Francisco and<br />
has worked at Rabobank,<br />
N.A. since April 2010 as<br />
head of renewable energy<br />
finance for California, focusing<br />
principally on solar,<br />
wind and bioenergy.<br />
In March 2010, Brant<br />
Silvers ’03 re-started his<br />
international public health<br />
consulting practice, Silvers<br />
Global Consulting. His<br />
clients include USAID, the<br />
President’s Emergency Plan<br />
for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR),<br />
the Office of the Global<br />
AIDS Coordinator and the<br />
WHAT WE’VE HeARD<br />
International Center for<br />
AIDS Care and Treatment<br />
at Columbia University’s<br />
Mailman School of Public<br />
Health. He lives in New York<br />
City with his wife, Gaylea,<br />
and two children, Abraham,<br />
7, and Madeleine, 3.<br />
In November 2010 Kevin<br />
Thurston ’03 assumed the<br />
role of investment adviser<br />
at UBS in Boston. He previously<br />
served as an adviser<br />
to the state treasurer in his<br />
home state of Maine.<br />
Since April 2007,<br />
Sebastian Vos ’03 has been<br />
living in Brussels, where he<br />
is a director at consultancy<br />
FIPRA International. He is<br />
married with two daughters<br />
and is president of the <strong>SAIS</strong><br />
alumni chapter in Belgium.<br />
2004<br />
Thora Arnorsdottir B’03, ’04<br />
lives in Iceland and has<br />
worked for RUV-Icelandic<br />
National Broadcasting<br />
Service Television since<br />
June 2004 as a senior news<br />
reporter and program editor.<br />
She has two children, Nina,<br />
3, and Halldor, 6.<br />
Marie Ewens Brown<br />
’04 and her husband had<br />
daughter Anna Marion<br />
in March 2010. Brown is<br />
working as an adviser to<br />
the U.S. executive director<br />
at the World Bank. She also<br />
handles development policy<br />
and Africa issues there and<br />
enjoys running into lots of<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong> alumni in the cafeteria.<br />
In February 2011,<br />
Elizabeth Githens Coyle<br />
B’03, ’04 married Douglass<br />
Coyle in New York City. She<br />
works as a math teacher for<br />
the New York City Department<br />
of Education. Right<br />
after graduating from <strong>SAIS</strong>,<br />
she worked for Goldman<br />
Sachs for four years in the<br />
company’s foundation and<br />
training group.<br />
In December 2009, Mark<br />
T. Fung ’04, Ph.D. ’06<br />
became a fellow at the Harvard<br />
University Asia Center,<br />
focusing on China’s financial<br />
system and U.S.-China<br />
relations, while serving as<br />
general counsel of a port<br />
and infrastructure holding<br />
company based in Hong<br />
Kong. He previously worked<br />
as general counsel of the<br />
China-Africa Development<br />
Fund in Beijing.<br />
In January 2011, Property<br />
23 hired Charles Joseph<br />
Kewish ’04 as its chief operating<br />
officer to strengthen<br />
the company’s senior team<br />
and manage its hyper<br />
growth. He is responsible for<br />
the turnkey real estate firm’s<br />
property management, sales<br />
management, training, investor<br />
success, customer support,<br />
IT systems and human<br />
resources. He works at the<br />
company’s Orem, Utah,<br />
office.<br />
Marianna Kozintseva ’04<br />
was hired by Morgan Stanley<br />
as a head of equity strategy<br />
for Emerging Europe, Middle<br />
East and Africa in August<br />
2010. She has relocated to<br />
London from New York for<br />
the position. Previously,<br />
Kozintseva worked as a<br />
senior strategist at JPMorgan<br />
Chase & Co. and Bear<br />
Stearns.<br />
In April, Robert Murray<br />
’04 spoke about social media<br />
marketing for authors at<br />
“How to Write, Publish and<br />
Market Your Book,” a writing<br />
and publishing seminar<br />
hosted by Open Door Publications.<br />
Murray is president<br />
of StyleMatters Writing Services,<br />
LLC in Philadelphia.<br />
In March Benjamin<br />
Orbach ’04 launched<br />
America’s Unofficial Ambassadors<br />
(AUA) at Creative<br />
Learning, a Washington,<br />
2011–2012 103
D.C.-based nonprofit. AUA<br />
sends American citizens on<br />
short-term volunteer assigments<br />
in the Muslim world,<br />
to help build partnerships<br />
in education, health and<br />
community needs. Orbach<br />
lives in New York City.<br />
Jason Sausto ’04 became<br />
president for greater China<br />
of consumer electronics<br />
manufacturing company<br />
Onkyo in 2008. Sausto<br />
currently splits his time<br />
between Shanghai and Hong<br />
Kong and looks forward to<br />
catching up with any fellow<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong> alumni as they pass<br />
through China.<br />
Tomicah Tillemann ’04,<br />
Ph.D. ’09 of Washington,<br />
D.C., was appointed by<br />
Hillary Clinton to serve as<br />
the senior adviser to the U.S.<br />
104 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
Secretary of State for civil<br />
society and emerging democracies,<br />
in October 2010. Previously,<br />
Tillemann worked<br />
as Clinton’s speechwriter. He<br />
and his wife, Sarah Beal<br />
Tillemann ’03, have three<br />
sons, ages 5, 3 and 1.<br />
2005<br />
Darlene Damm ’05 of Washington,<br />
D.C., has been working<br />
with Ashoka in the field<br />
of social entrepreneurship<br />
since 2007. Last summer she<br />
participated in a 10-week<br />
program at Singularity University<br />
in California’s Silicon<br />
Valley studying exponential<br />
technologies and their application<br />
to improving the lives<br />
of one billion people.<br />
Ajit Mohan ’05 published<br />
a piece in The Wall Street<br />
Journal in April titled “India<br />
Journal: Hazare Triumphs,<br />
but No Silver Bullets.” His<br />
work examined the effects of<br />
social activist Anna Hazare’s<br />
hunger fast unto death,<br />
which galvanized the public<br />
fight against government<br />
corruption. Mohan is a political<br />
and social commentator<br />
in New Delhi. He recently<br />
co-authored McKinsey<br />
Global Institute’s “India’s<br />
Urban Awakening: Building<br />
Inclusive Cities, Sustaining<br />
Economic Growth.”<br />
Michael Oko ’05 was<br />
hired as director of media<br />
relations at World Resources<br />
Institute in August 2010. He<br />
lives in Washington, D.C.<br />
Rebecca Patterson B’04,<br />
’05 has worked for J.P.<br />
A group of overseas and traveling <strong>SAIS</strong> alumni gathered in Uganda in February 2011 for a reunion on<br />
the thrilling whitewater descent of the Nile River at its source. Participants included Andrew Rhodes<br />
’05 and his wife, Megan, who are currently assigned to the U.S. Embassy in Kampala, Uganda;<br />
newlyweds Jessica Wolfendale ’05 and Keith Doxtater ’04, who have been working in Kisumu, Kenya,<br />
and recently moved to Juba, South Sudan; Adrienne Stone ’02, and husband, Andy Colburn, who live in<br />
Kampala with their new baby, Apolline; Katheryn Van Der Celen ’05 and Philip Van Der Celen ’05, who<br />
visited East Africa on their six-month round-the-world tour; and Nanda Kamat ’05, Jed Howbert B’04, ’05<br />
and Dan O’Neill ’05, who decided the timing was right for their own East African adventure and flew<br />
out from the United States to join the crowd.<br />
Morgan since 1997. In May,<br />
she became the chief markets<br />
strategist for J.P. Morgan<br />
Asset Management, based in<br />
New York City.<br />
In July, the Chicago<br />
Council on Global Affairs<br />
named 22 individuals from<br />
government, private and<br />
nonprofit sectors as “those<br />
who will help Chicago compete<br />
and thrive in the global<br />
era.” That list of emerging<br />
leaders included Girish Rishi<br />
’05, corporate vice president<br />
for Motorola Solutions.<br />
In September 2010, after<br />
five years on the job at the<br />
law firm White & Case LLP,<br />
James J. Shea JHU’02, B’04,<br />
’05 left his position as director<br />
of U.S. trade services to<br />
join the foreign service with<br />
the U.S. Department of State.<br />
He was confirmed as an<br />
economic officer in October<br />
2010 and in January 2011<br />
was posted in Monterrey,<br />
Mexico, where he will be for<br />
two years.<br />
Michael Wright N’02, ’05<br />
has been working as an<br />
associate attorney since<br />
March 2010 in the corporate<br />
department at Baker<br />
Hostetler LLP in Chicago.<br />
2006<br />
Ana Ariño ’06 has been living<br />
in New York City since<br />
July 2008 and working<br />
for the Boston Consulting<br />
Group since June.<br />
After five years at the<br />
World Bank in finance and<br />
private sector development,<br />
Doina Cebotari B’05, ’06<br />
returned to her home country<br />
of Moldova in March<br />
to work as adviser to the<br />
prime minister of Moldova<br />
on attracting foreign investment.<br />
She is growing professionally<br />
and learning about<br />
various sectors of the local<br />
and global economies.
A chance <strong>SAIS</strong> reunion<br />
took place in St. Petersburg,<br />
Russia, in June where five<br />
alumni just happened to be on<br />
business. The gathering included<br />
Phillip Cornell B’05,<br />
’06, Jonathan Dunn B’05, ’06,<br />
Miriam Elder B’05, ’06, Alice<br />
Faibishenko B’05, ’06 and<br />
Arminé Guledjian B’05, ’06.<br />
Payton Deeks ’06 recently<br />
caught up with fellow Southeast<br />
Asia Studies graduates Vi<br />
Than ’05 and Adam Welsh<br />
’06 in Canberra, Australia.<br />
Than and her family will<br />
soon be relocating to Thailand<br />
while Welsh is headed<br />
to Mongolia for a short-term<br />
assignment.<br />
James Gibney ’06, his<br />
wife, Anne, and their son live<br />
in Reston, Va. Since February<br />
2009, Gibney has been a<br />
manager with Capgemini in<br />
Washington, D.C., a global<br />
company that specializes in<br />
consulting, technology and<br />
outsourcing.<br />
Diana G. Iskelov JHU<br />
’05, ’06 graduated from the<br />
University of Pennsylvania’s<br />
Law School in June 2009. She<br />
now lives in New York City,<br />
where she has worked as a<br />
litigation associate at<br />
Sullivan & Cromwell LLP<br />
since November 2009.<br />
Adam Mendelson ’06<br />
recently moved from San<br />
Francisco to New York and<br />
is the director of development<br />
at CleanPath Ventures,<br />
a San Francisco-based solar<br />
investment fund. Mendelson<br />
left the SunPower Corporation<br />
in May where he held<br />
various positions related to<br />
project finance and largescale<br />
solar development. He<br />
continues to spend time with<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong> friends and colleagues<br />
in New York and attended the<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong> Energy Alumni happy<br />
hour in April.<br />
Since March 2010, Yugo<br />
Nakamura ’06 has headed<br />
Bloomberg’s Tokyo New<br />
Energy Finance office, which<br />
he personally set up upon<br />
arriving at the job. He covers<br />
energy and climate change<br />
policy in Japan.<br />
Eduard Pesendorfer<br />
B’05, ’06 has been working<br />
as chief of the Legislative<br />
Review Section of the Organization<br />
for Security and Cooperation<br />
in Europe mission<br />
in Kosovo since 2007. He<br />
reports that fellow alumni in<br />
Pristina helped to organize a<br />
trip for <strong>SAIS</strong> Conflict Management<br />
students to visit<br />
Kosovo in 2010.<br />
2007<br />
Nurul Izzah Anwar ’07 is<br />
a rising star in Malaysian<br />
politics. Though she does<br />
come from a distinguished<br />
political family (her mother<br />
is president of the People’s<br />
Justice Party, PKR, and her<br />
father was a former deputy<br />
prime minister of Malaysia),<br />
Anwar is blazing her own<br />
trail within the party and<br />
gaining recognition throughout<br />
Asia. Since 2008, she has<br />
served as the member of parliament<br />
for Lembah Pantai.<br />
In August 2010, Henry<br />
Baker JHU’98, B’06, ’07<br />
moved to Milan, his wife’s<br />
home country, from Washington,<br />
D.C. There, he works<br />
as staff writer and managing<br />
editor at TopLegal International,<br />
a pan-European law<br />
publication.<br />
Since November 2010,<br />
Kate Bateman ’07 had been<br />
working at the U.S. Embassy<br />
in Kabul on donor coordination<br />
and international partnerships.<br />
She has connected<br />
with many other graduates:<br />
Melissa Chadbourne ’09,<br />
Goranka Henegar ’06,<br />
Michelle Langdon B’07,<br />
’08, Bianca Jinga B’05, ’06<br />
and Rima Kohli B’03, ’04.<br />
WHAT WE’VE HeARD<br />
In January 2012, Bateman<br />
and her husband moved to<br />
southwest England for his<br />
assignment with NATO.<br />
Sarina Beges ’07 left the<br />
Synergos Institute in New<br />
York in October 2010, where<br />
she was managing a program<br />
supporting social entrepreneurs<br />
in the Arab world,<br />
to move with her husband<br />
to the San Francisco Bay<br />
Area. She became program<br />
manager at Stanford University’s<br />
Center on Democracy,<br />
Development and Rule of<br />
Law.<br />
Ilya Bourtman JHU’06,<br />
’07 was appointed as BP<br />
Russia’s head of external<br />
affairs in August 2010, based<br />
in Moscow. As a side project,<br />
he is working on developing<br />
a social networking application<br />
targeting people in the<br />
former Soviet Union.<br />
Matthew Cummins<br />
B’05, ’07 assumed the post<br />
of social policy specialist at<br />
UNICEF in New York City<br />
in July.<br />
John Robert Force ’07<br />
joined USAID-Serbia in<br />
July as a senior rule of law<br />
adviser in Belgrade. He was<br />
previously with USAID-<br />
Cambodia working on<br />
democracy and governance<br />
programs.<br />
Eric Jaffe ’07 is living in<br />
London and has been working<br />
as a research manager in<br />
the energy and industrials<br />
practice at Gerson Lehrman<br />
Group since October 2010.<br />
Alex Pascal ’07 married<br />
Amy Born in October 2010<br />
in Washington, D.C. They<br />
recently moved to New York<br />
City, where Pascal is a policy<br />
adviser to Susan Rice, U.S.<br />
permanent representative to<br />
the United Nations. They are<br />
enjoying all that New York<br />
has to offer and look forward<br />
to the hospitality of <strong>SAIS</strong><br />
friends around the world in<br />
the coming year.<br />
Caroline Poeschl ’07<br />
is pursuing a Ph.D. in<br />
international development<br />
at the London School of<br />
Economics.<br />
Jonathan P. Raviv JHU<br />
’06, ’07 moved back to New<br />
York City from Washington,<br />
D.C., in March, and is now<br />
covering aerospace and<br />
defense stocks for Citi.<br />
In October Caspar G.<br />
Schauseil B’06, ’07 completed<br />
his Ph.D. in Hamburg<br />
at Bauhaus Research School,<br />
in collaboration with Hamburg<br />
Media School. He will<br />
soon be moving to Berlin to<br />
begin a new job. His professional<br />
focus lies in mergers<br />
and aquisitions, media economics,<br />
and new business<br />
models for digital media and<br />
the printing industry.<br />
Cenk Sidar B’06, ’07<br />
resides in Fairfax, Va., with<br />
his wife, Jessica. He has<br />
managed a Washington,<br />
D.C.-based strategic advisory<br />
and research firm, Sidar<br />
Global Advisors, since January<br />
2009.<br />
Kiran Nichani Srivastava<br />
B’06, ’07 lives and works<br />
in Washington, D.C., as an<br />
associate with Booz Allen<br />
Hamilton in the company’s<br />
energy practice. She gave<br />
birth to a baby boy in February<br />
2011.<br />
In October 2009, George<br />
Turner B’06, ’07 became<br />
the head of the Westminster<br />
office of Simon Hughes MP,<br />
in the House of Commons.<br />
He lives in London.<br />
2008<br />
Gabo Arora B’07, ’08 works<br />
for Thomas Stelzer B’83,<br />
assistant secretary general<br />
for the U.N. Department of<br />
Economic and Social Affairs<br />
and the U.N. Secretariat.<br />
Arora returned to New York<br />
2011–2012 105
from Haiti in February 2011,<br />
where he was based with<br />
UNICEF as deputy coordinator<br />
of child protection working<br />
on relief efforts related to<br />
the earthquake and subsequent<br />
cholera epidemic.<br />
Cédric Crelo ’08 is based<br />
in Manila, Philippines. In<br />
July, he became an alternate<br />
executive director at the<br />
Asian Development Bank,<br />
representing Austria, Germany,<br />
Luxembourg, Turkey<br />
and the United Kingdom on<br />
the board of directors.<br />
In January 2010, Astari<br />
Mareska Daenuwy ’08<br />
joined the Indonesian foreign<br />
ministry, where she was<br />
assigned to work for three<br />
months at the Indonesian<br />
Permanent Mission to the<br />
U.N. and other international<br />
organizations in Geneva.<br />
She studied diplomacy at<br />
the Clingendael Institute of<br />
International Relations in<br />
The Hague from February to<br />
April and is now working at<br />
the office of the special staff<br />
of the president for international<br />
affairs in Jakarta.<br />
Neil Gibson ’08 relocated<br />
to Taipei in July to serve<br />
as a consular officer at the<br />
American Institute in Taiwan.He<br />
and his wife, Momo,<br />
welcomed their second child<br />
into the world in September<br />
2010.<br />
Marietta Grammenou ’08,<br />
a believer in the “clean<br />
energy revolution,” works in<br />
Brussels managing the Business<br />
Development Department<br />
of the French firm<br />
Ecotemis, which designs<br />
solar systems that address<br />
the needs of sustainable<br />
architecture, premium urban<br />
landscape and luxury markets.<br />
She is organizing the<br />
launch of a new product line<br />
of luxury solar furniture in<br />
Monaco; Prince Albert II is<br />
expected to attend.<br />
106 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
Daniel Kollman ’08<br />
traveled to Lima, Peru, in<br />
August to witness Florian<br />
Theus B’06, ’08 getting married.<br />
Kollman lives in Berlin<br />
and is an entrepreneur.<br />
Courtney Rickert<br />
McCaffrey ’08 co-authored<br />
an article in the January-<br />
February 2011 issue of<br />
Harvard Business Review<br />
titled “Investing in the Post-<br />
Recession World: Where<br />
Companies Should Go for<br />
Growth Amid Uncertainty.”<br />
She was married in June<br />
to Thomas McCaffrey and<br />
relocated two months<br />
later from New York to<br />
Washington, D.C.<br />
Kindra (Lakindra) Mohr<br />
’08 of Arlington, Va., graduated<br />
magna cum laude from<br />
Boston College Law School<br />
in December 2010. She<br />
joined the Anti-Corruption<br />
and Corporate Intelligence<br />
Practice Group at PricewaterhouseCoopers<br />
in July as<br />
an associate. The Journal of<br />
Haitian Studies has recently<br />
published her article, “Lessons<br />
Learned: An Analysis of<br />
Recent Rule-of-Law Reform<br />
Efforts in Haiti.”<br />
Philip Reiner ’08 saw<br />
some changes over 2011:<br />
a new home on Capitol<br />
Hill in Washington, D.C., a<br />
new position as director for<br />
Afghanistan and Pakistan at<br />
the National Security Council<br />
and a wedding celebration<br />
to Annie Gottbehuet in<br />
Santa Barbara, Calif. Reiner<br />
recently hosted a brunch to<br />
help build the <strong>SAIS</strong> Class<br />
Gift of 2008 Scholarship<br />
Fund.<br />
Sriyanee Semasinghe ’08<br />
was posted to the Permanent<br />
Mission of Sri Lanka to the<br />
U.N., effective in February<br />
2011. She lives and works in<br />
New York.<br />
Sanjay Srikantiah ’08<br />
returned from his work<br />
as an Emerging Markets<br />
Development Advisers<br />
Program Fellow in Almaty,<br />
Kazakhstan, and joined the<br />
U.S. Department of State in<br />
October 2009. Since June,<br />
he has been a senior budget<br />
analyst for the U.S. global<br />
AIDS coordinator and lives<br />
in Fairfax, Va.<br />
During a three-week trip<br />
to Argentina in February<br />
2011, Warren E. Wilhide Jr.<br />
’08 of West New York, N.J.,<br />
successfully climbed Aconcagua,<br />
which, at 22,841 feet,<br />
is the highest mountain in<br />
the Western Hemisphere.<br />
It was an amazing trip, and<br />
Wilhide reached the summit<br />
on Valentine’s Day.<br />
2009<br />
Elizabeth Palchik Allen ’09<br />
published an essay on Uganda’s<br />
elections in The New<br />
Republic in February 2011<br />
titled “Rapped Up: How<br />
Uganda’s Regime Harnessed<br />
Social Media to Keep Itself<br />
in Power.” Allen works at a<br />
think-tank, Advocates Coalition<br />
for Development and<br />
Environment, in Kampala.<br />
In March, Duza Baba ’09<br />
returned to Africa after 11<br />
years in the United States. He<br />
is in Liberia working as the<br />
health systems strengthening<br />
manager for the Clinton<br />
Health Access Initiative,<br />
supporting the Ministry of<br />
Health and Social Welfare’s<br />
reconstruction efforts. Baba<br />
enjoys engaging with current<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong> students and<br />
alumni interested in working<br />
in Africa, and periodically<br />
meets with alumni working<br />
in the region.<br />
Filippo Chiesa B’08, ’09<br />
is working on solar photovoltaic<br />
project development,<br />
execution and construction<br />
at AES Solar in Italy, a job he<br />
accepted in February 2010.<br />
Chiesa had previously consulted<br />
for the World Conservation<br />
Monitoring Center of<br />
the United Nations Environment<br />
Programme. He is also<br />
pursuing an executive master’s<br />
degree in finance from<br />
the LUISS Business School<br />
in Rome.<br />
Ana Heeren B’08, ’09<br />
and Christopher Cardaci<br />
’09 were engaged in Rio de<br />
Janeiro on January 6, 2011.<br />
Heeren works at PA Consulting<br />
Group in the global<br />
energy practice, and Cardaci<br />
works for control risks in the<br />
global services practice. They<br />
live in Washington, D.C.<br />
Benjamin Krause ’09 is<br />
working in Haiti as country<br />
director for J/P Haitian<br />
Relief Organization since<br />
January 2011.<br />
Angela R. Mazer B’08, ’09<br />
and Ryan S. Marshall B’08,<br />
’09, who met during Bologna<br />
Center Pre-Term in September<br />
2007 and have been<br />
together since, were married<br />
on April 16 in Switzerland.<br />
Both graduated in May 2009<br />
from the Conflict Management<br />
Program and are based<br />
in Khartoum, Sudan.<br />
Daniel Morris B’08,<br />
’09 wrote a piece titled<br />
“Redrawing the Map of<br />
Africa” for the The National<br />
Post in July. In August,<br />
Morris left the U.S. Department<br />
of the Treasury to join<br />
USAID as a foreign service<br />
officer. He currently lives in<br />
Washington, D.C.<br />
2010<br />
Rachel Beach B’09, ’10 is<br />
living and working in Portau-Prince,<br />
Haiti, for J/P<br />
Haitian Relief Organization<br />
as its returns and relocations<br />
project manager for an<br />
internally displaced persons<br />
camp. She has been at this<br />
position since June.
U.S. Army Majors Chad M. Pillai ’09 and James D. Cahill ’09,<br />
pictured here next to the flag of the U.S. Army chief of staff at<br />
the Pentagon, were appointed speechwriters to General Raymond<br />
Odierno in August.<br />
Aurora Carlson ’10 was<br />
hired as head of strategic<br />
research at Sino-Israel<br />
Global Network and academic<br />
Leadership in March.<br />
She lives in Jerusalem.<br />
Alexandra Fedorova<br />
B’09, ’10 and Selsah Pasali<br />
B’09, ’10 moved to Geneva<br />
in august. Pasali started a<br />
Ph.d. in development economics<br />
at the Graduate<br />
Institute in September.<br />
after completing his<br />
Ph.d. in International<br />
development at SaIS in<br />
June 2010, Saurabh Garg<br />
Ph.D. ’10 returned to India<br />
and is presently working<br />
as the commissioner-cumsecretary<br />
of the housing and<br />
Urban development department<br />
for the government<br />
of Orissa in Bhubaneswar.<br />
he handles issues related to<br />
urban development.<br />
Mahnaz Harrison ’10<br />
moved to tbilisi, Georgia,<br />
in September on a Fulbright<br />
scholarship to develop cancer<br />
program policy for the<br />
state government. She is<br />
there for 10 months, and her<br />
work will eventually inform<br />
cancer program policy for<br />
the United States at large.<br />
In august 2010, Romain<br />
Rigby N’10 became an<br />
investment analyst with<br />
Lloyd George Management<br />
in hong Kong, an emerging/<br />
frontier markets-focused<br />
equity management com-<br />
pany. he is looking forward<br />
to meeting any SaIS alumni<br />
in hong Kong.<br />
In May 2010, Stephanie<br />
Sheridan ’10 of Washington,<br />
d.C., founded the<br />
Institute for Policy analysis<br />
& Implementation, L3C<br />
(IPaI), a for-profit company<br />
that accepts philanthropic<br />
grants. IPaI serves to enable<br />
market integration in africa<br />
by offering organizations<br />
innovative partnerships and<br />
projects to further develop<br />
the concept of sustainability.<br />
Brian Norris Ph.D. ’10<br />
teaches comparative politics<br />
at the George Washington<br />
University in Washington,<br />
d.C. he and his wife,<br />
Jessica, welcomed their<br />
second daughter in September<br />
2010.<br />
Niyati Shah ’10 was<br />
awarded the randy<br />
Goldman Scholarship<br />
by Women in Film and<br />
video in November 2010.<br />
Shah has worked for the<br />
World Bank since May as a<br />
migration and remittances<br />
media/field consultant in<br />
Washington, d.C.<br />
Jerrod Vaughan B’09, ’10<br />
remains a senior economic<br />
analyst and special assistant<br />
to the president of the<br />
Federal reserve Bank of<br />
dallas. he and his wife,<br />
Shana, welcomed their first<br />
child, rowan elizabeth, on<br />
October 29, 2010.<br />
What We’ve heard<br />
2011<br />
Nick Borst N’09, ’11 started<br />
as a research analyst at<br />
the Peterson Institute for<br />
International economics in<br />
June. his research focuses<br />
on China’s financial system<br />
and trade policies, and he is<br />
editing the institute’s China<br />
Economic Watch blog. he is<br />
happy to be living in Washington,<br />
d.C.<br />
In January 2011, Tammie<br />
Harrison N’11 of Washington,<br />
d.C., was recently<br />
on the most popular dating<br />
show in China: “Fei Cheng<br />
Wu rao” (“If You are the<br />
One”). after being asked<br />
about her consumer habits<br />
and cooking skills, she was<br />
eventually paired with a<br />
tall Chinese scientist and<br />
afforded a dubious, if hilarious,<br />
15 minutes of fame.<br />
She published a piece on<br />
the experience in The Wall<br />
Street Journal titled “My Life<br />
as a Chinese dating-Game<br />
Star.”<br />
Eric Lee ’11 works in<br />
New York on Citi’s new<br />
global commodities team,<br />
where he researches oil markets<br />
and geopolitics, the Chinese<br />
economy and commodities<br />
and cross-asset strategy.<br />
he also moonlights as a<br />
musician, plans to play gigs<br />
around town over the next<br />
year and hopes to see fellow<br />
alumni out and about.<br />
Miho Matsubara ’11<br />
started a six month-<br />
fellowship at the Pacific<br />
Forum Center for Strategic<br />
International Studies (CSIS)<br />
in honolulu. her job brings<br />
her to asian cities such as<br />
Phnom Penh, Cambodia;<br />
taipei, taiwan; and Seoul,<br />
South Korea; almost every<br />
month. In July, the Pacific<br />
Forum CSIS allowed her<br />
to present on the asian<br />
economy at the annual asia<br />
economic Forum.<br />
In Memoriam<br />
Jacques Claude Ades ’53<br />
Janica Albers B’06, ’07<br />
Mario F. Alfano B’81, ’82<br />
James E. Ammerman B’61, ‘61<br />
Ronald Asmus ’81, Ph.D. ’93<br />
Gabriel Betancur-Mejia ’46<br />
Barbara Bowersox, faculty<br />
Fernando Cabezas ’69<br />
Ahmed A. Edoo ’86<br />
Kevin F. Fetherston ’75<br />
Betty Lou Hummel ’46<br />
George M. Humphrey ’61<br />
Richard G. Johnson ’47<br />
Milton Kovner ’52<br />
John Mallett ’49<br />
James D. McHale ’52<br />
Tetsuji Mochinaga ’90<br />
Joyce M. Munns ’64<br />
A.K. Sandy-Atangana ’71<br />
Hans W. Schoenberg<br />
B’56, ’56, Ph.D. ’68<br />
Joseph J. Sconce B’56, ’56<br />
Robert F. Skillings ’47<br />
Jack Steinger ’54<br />
Thomas R. Sykes B’63, ’63<br />
Micheline Toumayan,<br />
faculty<br />
Panayiotis J. Vatikiotis ’54<br />
Robert A. Wilson B’60, ’61<br />
Harold F. Radday ’75<br />
2011–2012 107
We extend our gratitude to each<br />
donor who made a contribution or<br />
commitment to the Paul H. Nitze School<br />
of Advanced International Studies and its centers<br />
during our fiscal year, July 1, 2010, through June<br />
30, 2011. Gifts and pledges received during the fall<br />
of 2011 will be acknowledged in the next issue of<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE. The donor lists are checked carefully<br />
each year; however, in the unfortunate event of an<br />
error, please notify us at 202.663.5641.<br />
Corporations, Foundations<br />
and organizations<br />
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Anonymous<br />
Freeman Foundation<br />
Hassenfeld Family<br />
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Korea Institute for<br />
International Economic<br />
Policy<br />
Samuel Pollard Foundation<br />
$500,000 to $999,999<br />
Smith Richardson Foundation<br />
$250,000 to $499,999<br />
Bill & Melinda Gates<br />
Foundation<br />
William & Flora Hewlett<br />
Foundation<br />
The Merrill Family<br />
Foundation<br />
Stavros S. Niarchos<br />
Foundation<br />
Telefonica Moviles S.A.<br />
UK Charitable Trust<br />
Zemurray Foundation<br />
$100,000 to $249,999<br />
Austrian Marshall Plan<br />
Foundation<br />
Robert Bosch Stiftung GmbH<br />
Lynde & Harry Bradley<br />
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Community Foundation<br />
for the National Capital<br />
Region<br />
Compagnia di San Paolo<br />
ExxonMobil Corporation<br />
Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund<br />
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The Hurford Foundation<br />
Korea Atomic Energy<br />
Research Institute<br />
Korea Institute of Finance<br />
The Henry Luce Foundation<br />
Inc.<br />
Jill McGovern & Steven<br />
Muller Fund<br />
Microsoft Corporation<br />
Rockefeller Brothers Fund<br />
Inc.<br />
Rumsfeld Foundation<br />
*Deceased ◊ Five-Year Consistent Donor<br />
108 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
Sarah Scaife Foundation<br />
J. T. Tai & Company<br />
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Fritz Thyssen Stiftung<br />
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American Chamber of<br />
Commerce to the European<br />
Union<br />
Banca D’Italia<br />
Blue Foundation<br />
W. P. Carey Foundation Inc.<br />
ENI S.p.A.<br />
The Forster Family<br />
Foundation<br />
Freeport-McMoRan Copper<br />
& Gold Inc.<br />
Goldman Sachs & Co.<br />
Calouste Gulbenkian<br />
Foundation<br />
Hirsch Family Foundation<br />
Homestead Foundation<br />
John D. & Catherine T.<br />
MacArthur Foundation<br />
The Harvey M. Meyerhoff<br />
Fund Inc.<br />
Joseph Meyerhoff Fund Inc.<br />
MOL Hungarian Oil & Gas<br />
PLC<br />
The Morningside Foundation<br />
M-N-D Offit Family Trust<br />
Victor M. Parachini Family<br />
Fund<br />
Morris S. Smith Foundation<br />
Vanguard Charitable<br />
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Verein der Freunde und<br />
Foerderer des Bolonga<br />
$25,000 to $49,999<br />
Assicurazioni Generali<br />
Bologna Fiere<br />
Carnegie Corporation of New<br />
York<br />
ENEL S.p.A.<br />
Fondazione del Monte di<br />
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Gale Foundation<br />
Philip L. Graham Fund<br />
Japan Foundation<br />
Lockheed Martin Corporation<br />
Marposs S.p.A.<br />
The Sunrise Foundation<br />
United States Indonesia<br />
Society<br />
Westinghouse Electric<br />
Company<br />
$10,000 to $24,999<br />
All Risks Limited<br />
The Asia Foundation<br />
Associazione Italo-Americana<br />
Austrian National Bank<br />
William R. & Wendyce H.<br />
Brody Fund<br />
Datalogic S.p.A.<br />
European-American Business<br />
Council<br />
Fisher Family Fund<br />
Lee & Juliet Folger Fund<br />
Freeport-McMoRan Copper<br />
& Gold Foundation<br />
German Marshall Fund of the<br />
United States<br />
GS Gives Annual Giving<br />
Fund<br />
The Fritz & Adelaide<br />
Kauffman Foundation Inc.<br />
Lauer Philanthropic<br />
Foundation<br />
Jacqueline & Marc Leland<br />
Foundation<br />
Deborah J. & Peter A.<br />
Magowan Foundation Inc.<br />
Mead Johnson Nutritional<br />
Group<br />
Mercedes-Benz of North<br />
America<br />
Joseph & Harvey Meyerhoff<br />
Family Charitable Funds<br />
Noble Group Limited<br />
Pacific Century Institute<br />
Paul, Hastings, Janofsky &<br />
Walker<br />
The Peter G. Peterson Fund<br />
Saudi Arabian Oil Company<br />
Silicon Valley Community<br />
Foundation<br />
Southern Star Shipping<br />
Company Inc.<br />
Tanaka Memorial Foundation<br />
Inc.<br />
Unindustria Bologna<br />
World Affairs Institute<br />
$5,000 to $9,999<br />
Almon Family Trust of 1994<br />
Associated Jewish Charities of<br />
Baltimore<br />
Autocraft Industrial Shanghai<br />
Ltd<br />
Cape Flattery Foundation<br />
Center for European Policy<br />
Analysis<br />
Chubb Group Insurance<br />
Companies<br />
William J. Clinton<br />
Foundation<br />
Council of Independent<br />
Colleges<br />
The Emily Davie & Joseph S.<br />
Kornfeld Foundation<br />
DirecTV Group Inc.<br />
David Earling & Maria Nicolo<br />
Family Fund<br />
Edison Electric Institute<br />
ExxonMobil Foundation<br />
GE Foundation<br />
Ginsburg-Stern Philanthropic<br />
Fund<br />
Intel Foundation<br />
Morgan & Judith McGrath<br />
Private Family Foundation<br />
Mitsubishi International<br />
Corp.<br />
Tupperware, Inc.<br />
S & K Vicinelli Charitable<br />
Fund<br />
$1,000 to $4,999<br />
AAV Charitable Lead Trust<br />
Accor Sa Support<br />
Robert N. Alfandre<br />
Foundation<br />
American Airlines<br />
American Endowment<br />
Foundation<br />
Amway China Co. Ltd.<br />
Associated Italian American<br />
Charities of Maryland Inc.<br />
Ayco Charitable Foundation<br />
The Bank of America<br />
Foundation<br />
Bell Family 1988 Trust<br />
T. Roland Berner Fund<br />
Blemaster Family Charitable<br />
Fund<br />
J.F. & S.S. Brown Family Fund<br />
Calvert Asset Managment<br />
Co. Inc.<br />
Chevron Corporation<br />
CM&F Group Inc.<br />
Community Foundation of<br />
Collier County<br />
Constellation Energy Group<br />
Foundation Inc.<br />
Crosby Consolidated Fund<br />
Deloitte & Touche Foundation<br />
Deloitte Global Services<br />
Limited<br />
Walt Disney Company<br />
Foundation<br />
Catherine Dolan & Richard<br />
Bierregaard Fund<br />
Ernst & Young Foundation<br />
Ferrari Consultancy<br />
FMC Corporation<br />
Freeport-McMoRan<br />
Foundation<br />
George Family Foundation<br />
The JJ Hamre Fund<br />
Homeland Security<br />
Endowment Inc.<br />
HotelMark Corporation<br />
E.B. Hubbard Fund<br />
Intuit Foundation<br />
The King Baudouin<br />
Foundation United States<br />
Long Island Community<br />
Foundation<br />
Helen C. Low Trust<br />
Maine Community<br />
Foundation<br />
Ellen Wills Martin<br />
Foundation<br />
Morgan Stanley Smith Barney<br />
National Health Resources<br />
Inc.<br />
NIS Financial LLC<br />
Elizabeth & Frank Odell<br />
Family Fund<br />
Peters Creek Fund<br />
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP<br />
Schwab Charitable Fund<br />
Richard W. & Mildred F.<br />
Steves Family Foundation<br />
Swiss Philanthropy<br />
Foundation<br />
Syngenta Crop Protection Inc.<br />
Sysco Corporation<br />
Translation Management Ltd.<br />
Washington Foundation for<br />
European Studies<br />
Wells Fargo Community<br />
Support Campaign<br />
Wells Fargo Foundation<br />
Dolores & Clifton Wharton<br />
Foundation<br />
Robert S. Willis Fund<br />
Xenos Consulting Ltd.<br />
Under $1,000<br />
Abbott Laboratories Fund<br />
America’s Charities<br />
American Express Company<br />
American Express PAC Match<br />
American International Group<br />
Inc. Matching Grants<br />
Program<br />
Aquila Fund<br />
ArcelorMittal USA<br />
Arcos Associates LLC<br />
AT&T Foundation<br />
Austrian Association of<br />
Hawaii<br />
AXA Foundation<br />
The Bank of New York Mellon<br />
Corp.<br />
Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi<br />
Ltd.<br />
Barclays Capital<br />
BlackRock Inc.<br />
The Boston Foundation<br />
Elenita E. Brodie Trust<br />
Cabana Cachaca LP<br />
Joseph & Rita Cardillo<br />
Revocable Trust<br />
Elizabeth Carter Fund<br />
The Chubb Corporation<br />
Citizens Charitable<br />
Foundation<br />
Computer Associates<br />
International Inc.<br />
Copulsky Giving Account<br />
Delta Squared Fund<br />
Diageo North America Inc.<br />
Educational Foundation Old<br />
Safed Inc.<br />
Law Office of Bart S. Fisher<br />
GenCorp Foundation Inc.<br />
Matthew Goodman Trust<br />
Google Inc.<br />
Tariq Husain Revocable Trust
IBM International Foundation<br />
Invest In Others Charitable<br />
Foundation<br />
David L. Jegen & Cynthia L.<br />
Greene Fund<br />
Peter Josten Trust<br />
Kantor Family Tzedakah<br />
Fund<br />
KC & JC Investment I LLC<br />
Kraft Foods Foundation<br />
Kutler Family Philanthropic<br />
Fund<br />
Lifson Law Offices<br />
The Levitties Foundation<br />
LN Communications<br />
Consultant<br />
Mao Foods Inc.<br />
Marsh & McLennan<br />
Companies Inc.<br />
Williams & Laurel Martin<br />
Fund<br />
The McGraw-Hill Companies<br />
Inc.<br />
MCI Management Center<br />
Innsbruck<br />
Morgan Stanley<br />
Stewart R. Mott Charitable<br />
Foundation<br />
Claire & Jack Nath Company<br />
Charitable Trust<br />
Northern Trust Company<br />
Charitable Trust<br />
W.W. Norton & Company<br />
Inc.<br />
Novartis US Foundation<br />
PNC Bank Foundation<br />
T. Rowe Price Program for<br />
Charitable Giving<br />
Radday Family Trust<br />
Raytheon Company<br />
Clay Resnick Foundation<br />
Rideout Family Trust<br />
Routledge, Taylor & Francis<br />
Group LLC<br />
Scherr Family Trust<br />
The Seattle Foundation<br />
Shikishima Engineering<br />
Corporation<br />
Simpson Investment<br />
Company<br />
Spaulding Family Trust<br />
Sun Trust Atlanta Foundation<br />
The Tubbs Family Trust<br />
UBS Warburg<br />
United Way of Central &<br />
Northeastern Connecticut<br />
The Universal Leaf<br />
Foundation<br />
Verizon Foundation<br />
J. H. Walton Family Fund<br />
Weeks Gift Fund<br />
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Advised Fund<br />
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Friends and supporters<br />
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Wilfrid L. Kohl<br />
Yoni Komorov<br />
Edward Kutler<br />
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Jennifer Kuzmuk<br />
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THANK YoU ... THANK YoU<br />
Student Matt Chitwood ’12 with Jeanne Barnett,<br />
Erna Brown and fellow student Jia He ’12 at <strong>SAIS</strong>’s<br />
annual Fellowship Reception in February 2011<br />
Hannah J. Ong<br />
Charles G. Owino<br />
Malcolm E. Peabody<br />
Pamela R. Peabody<br />
Lauren Pechter<br />
Christine M. Perry<br />
Sasha S. Polakow-Suransky<br />
Harry A. Poletes<br />
Timothy S. Quinn<br />
Ann K. Randolph<br />
Elizabeth B. Rasmussen<br />
Elizabeth Rembold<br />
Scott P. Rembold<br />
Jane M. Robbins<br />
Thomas Robertson<br />
Alex Rosen<br />
Janet L. Rosenblatt<br />
Joseph Rosenblatt<br />
Paula S. Rothenberg<br />
Susan B. Rubin<br />
Lovro Rudman<br />
Peter C. Salvatore<br />
Amiram Samin<br />
Dabney W. Schmitt<br />
Richard C. Schmitt<br />
Edward Schroeter<br />
Theresa G. Schwartzman<br />
Vanessa Sellers<br />
Larry Slesinger<br />
Keith R. Spalding ◊<br />
Yanti Spooner<br />
Thomas M. Stadler<br />
Kristen C. Stoever<br />
Martha M. Storey<br />
Wesley W. Stukenberg<br />
Salman Suhail<br />
Irene L. Szyliowicz<br />
George Taft<br />
Isabelle Talpain-Long<br />
Jeffrey Tang<br />
Susan P. Taylor<br />
Anne Tent<br />
Sally N. Thacher<br />
Alan B. Theis<br />
Jacqueline V. Thomas<br />
Jeanie D. Thomas<br />
James Townsend<br />
Johanna Tuominen<br />
Charles G. Twyman<br />
Kaarina Valtasaari<br />
Susan L. van Wagenberg<br />
Sylvia J. Vatuk<br />
David R. Veblen<br />
Mrs. J. H. Walton Jr.<br />
Grace Wang<br />
Benjamin Weber<br />
Catherine Weisbrod<br />
Lucien Weisbrod<br />
Jane E. Wells<br />
David Werthan<br />
Gisela Wild<br />
Sarah A. Wildman<br />
Rhoda M. Winkler<br />
Robert C. Winkler<br />
Joan D. Winship<br />
William M. Wise III<br />
Edward Wrong<br />
Ann Yen<br />
Anne B. Zill<br />
Fernando E. Zumbado<br />
Clarence Zuvekas Jr. ◊<br />
2011–2012 109
Why I<br />
Joined the<br />
Christian<br />
Herter<br />
Society<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong>—and especially<br />
the Strategic Studies<br />
Program—provided me<br />
the knowledge, context<br />
and essential contacts<br />
that have enabled me to have a<br />
successful career in and around<br />
national security. Because I<br />
received a generous scholarship,<br />
my wife and I believe that investing<br />
in the education of the next<br />
generation of leaders is both a<br />
duty and a privilege.”<br />
$1,000,000 and above<br />
Pamela P. Flaherty ’68 ◊<br />
Peter A. Flaherty B’67 ’68 ◊<br />
Alan G. Hassenfeld<br />
Sylvia G. Hassenfeld<br />
M. Gregg Smith ’67<br />
Benjamin Yeung<br />
Rhea Yeung<br />
$500,000 to $999,999<br />
Kevin J. Kinsella ’69<br />
Arbon C. Lang<br />
*Deceased ◊ Five-Year Consistent Donor<br />
110 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
—J. Michael Barrett ’01<br />
Principal, Diligent Innovations<br />
Catherine and J. Michael Barrett '01<br />
Christian Herter Society<br />
The Christian Herter Society is composed of supporters who<br />
contribute $1,000 or more to <strong>SAIS</strong> annually. The society is named<br />
in honor of <strong>SAIS</strong> co-founder Christian A. Herter, a diplomat, U.S.<br />
secretary of State and governor of Massachusetts. Members receive<br />
special <strong>SAIS</strong>-related benefits throughout the year.<br />
$250,000 to $499,999<br />
James Anderson B’81<br />
David H. Bernstein ◊<br />
Patricia Bernstein ◊<br />
John F. McGillian Jr. ◊<br />
Catherine L. Merrill-Williams ◊<br />
Douglas Merrill ◊<br />
Eleanor Merrill ◊<br />
Nancy Merrill ◊<br />
$100,000 to $249,999<br />
Mai V. Elliot<br />
Louis J. Forster ’83<br />
Robert J. Hildreth ’75 ◊<br />
F. Richard Hsu<br />
Jill E. McGovern ◊<br />
Aria Mehrabi ’98<br />
Steven Muller ◊<br />
L. Peter O’Hagan ’87 ◊<br />
Sarah B. O’Hagan ’86 ◊<br />
Kathleen M. Pike B’81<br />
$50,000 to $99,999<br />
Wm. Polk Carey<br />
Gerald L. Chan<br />
Ronald C. Chan<br />
Marco Dell’Aquila B’85 ’86 ◊<br />
Elizabeth D. Forster<br />
Peter C. Forster<br />
Laurence C. Franklin<br />
Sterling C. Franklin<br />
Wei Ching Kwong Franklin<br />
Bonita B. Furner B’66 ’66 ◊<br />
Lesia L. Haliv<br />
Laurence E. Hirsch ’05<br />
Thomas M. Kearney ’91<br />
Lee S. Kempler ’91 ◊<br />
Joseph E. Lipscomb ’91 ◊<br />
Paul A. Liu ’86<br />
Priscilla Mason<br />
Clare M. Munana<br />
Morris W. Offit ◊<br />
Nancy S. Offit ◊<br />
John V. Parachini B’87 ’90<br />
Lesley A. Parachini B’89 ’90<br />
Victor M. Parachini Jr.<br />
Stefano Possati ◊<br />
Paul E. Singer<br />
Robert S. Singer<br />
Laura Will<br />
$25,000 to $49,999<br />
Robert J. Abernethy ◊<br />
David G. Brown ◊<br />
Erna P. Brown ◊<br />
Robert C. Carr B’64 ’64<br />
Elena Coumantaros<br />
John G. Coumantaros<br />
Linda W. Filardi ’83<br />
David T. Fuhrmann ’82 ◊<br />
Marilyn J. Fuhrmann ◊<br />
Reinhold H. Geimer B’57<br />
John C. Graham ’79 ◊<br />
Martha M. Graham<br />
Leo J. Hindery Jr.<br />
Thomas Jetter B’83<br />
Judith McGrath<br />
Morgan T. McGrath B’82 ’83<br />
Harvey M. Meyerhoff<br />
Elizabeth S. Record<br />
Richard J.J. Sullivan Jr. ’74<br />
Gary M. Talarico ’83<br />
Antoine van Agtmael<br />
Enzo Viscusi ◊
$10,000 to $24,999<br />
J. Michael Barrett ’01<br />
Franklin M. Berger B’72 ’72<br />
Leslie W. Botjer ’68<br />
Robert D. Botjer ’67<br />
Wendyce H. Brody<br />
William R. Brody<br />
Vincent J. Broze ’71 ◊<br />
Laura Chen ◊<br />
Nicholas D. Cortezi B’87 ’08<br />
Susan R. Cullman ◊<br />
Georgia S. Derrico B’69<br />
Jane H. Drittel<br />
Peter M. Drittel ’84<br />
David W. Dupree ◊<br />
Jessica P. Einhorn ’70 ◊<br />
Robert J. Einhorn<br />
Henriette C. Feltham B’71<br />
Christine Fisher ◊<br />
Todd A. Fisher ’91 ◊<br />
Alan H. Fleischmann ’89 ◊<br />
Juliet Folger<br />
Lee M. Folger<br />
Martin E. Fraenkel B’83 ’84<br />
D. Cole Frates B’94 ’95<br />
Amjad A. Ghori ’86<br />
Paul Hastings<br />
Marijke M. Jurgens-Dupree ’92 ◊<br />
David T. Kenney ’64 ◊<br />
Helen Kenney ◊<br />
George Kikvadze ’02<br />
John J. Kirby Jr. ◊<br />
Jesper J. Koll B’84 ’86<br />
Kathy Matsui Koll ’90<br />
Jacqueline Leland<br />
Marc Leland<br />
Stephen O. Lesser B’63 ’63<br />
Babette Sonnenfeldt Lubben ’85 ◊<br />
Gary Lubben ◊<br />
Peter A. Magowan ’68<br />
Karen P. Maloney<br />
Katherine Maloney ’02<br />
Matthew W. Maloney ’05<br />
Robert F. Maloney ’70 ◊<br />
Nishaya Mangklapruk ’01<br />
Raffaello Marsili<br />
Deborah A. Medenica ’97<br />
Axel M. Neubohn B’63<br />
Naneen H. Neubohn B’63 ’64 ◊<br />
Amanda M. Offit ◊<br />
Daniel W. Offit N’95 ’95 ◊<br />
Ned S. Offit ’93 ◊<br />
Stefanie C. Offit ◊<br />
Peter G. Peterson<br />
Khanh N. Phan ’01<br />
R. Roderick Porter<br />
Francis C. Record ’75<br />
William P. Stedman Jr. ’47 ◊<br />
Michaela Sulke-Trezak B’90<br />
Dafna R. Tapiero ’92 ◊<br />
Kathleen H. Tesluk ’83<br />
Thomas B. Tesluk B’81 ’82<br />
Kate S. Tomlinson ’79 ◊<br />
Henric J. Van Weelden B’88 ’90<br />
Romano Volta<br />
Michael D. White ’76 ◊<br />
Susan L. White ◊<br />
$5,000 to $9,999<br />
Hareb M. Al-Darmaki B’75 ’76<br />
Grace M. Almon *<br />
Christopher C. Angell<br />
Jean B. Angell<br />
George C. Biddle ’88<br />
Leslie Biddle<br />
Michael S. Bosco B’87<br />
Frederick Z. Brown<br />
L. Headley Butler B’03 ’04 ◊<br />
Susan E. Carter ’83<br />
Dolly Chapin<br />
Jerry M. de St. Paer ’66<br />
Karen A. de St. Paer<br />
Betty Cole Dukert ◊<br />
Joseph Dukert B’56 ’93 ’05 ◊<br />
David Dunleavy<br />
David E. Earling B’90 ’91<br />
Anne W. Erni B’85 ’90<br />
Nicolas T. Erni<br />
Elinor K. Farquhar ◊<br />
Joachim Fels B’87<br />
Kim Foster ’80<br />
Judith W. Gilmore ’79 ◊<br />
Richard Gilmore B’66 ’67 ◊<br />
Robert S. Ginsburg B’59 ’60<br />
Juergen Glueckert B’62<br />
Patrick H. Harper B’68 ’69<br />
Roy A. Harrell Jr. ’60<br />
Peter Kessler B’71<br />
Susan F. Kessler B’71<br />
Jae Youl Kim ’93<br />
David H. Klingensmith ’74 ◊<br />
Joshua H. Landes<br />
W. Jeffrey Lawrence ’78<br />
Daniel S. Lipman B’78 ’79 ◊<br />
Godelieve J. Lowet B’83 B’84<br />
John B. Magee<br />
Susan B. Magee<br />
Eric D. Melby B’71 ’72 ’78 ◊<br />
Hope S. Miller ’46 ◊<br />
Maria Nicolo<br />
David P. Nolan<br />
Peter F. O’Brien B’03 ’04<br />
David A. Olive B’73 ’74<br />
Amy Rhodes<br />
Margaret E. Rhodes<br />
Daniel Rowland B’71 ’72<br />
J. Stapleton Roy<br />
Edmond B. Saran B’10<br />
David G. Schacht B’01 ’02<br />
Jay M. Schwamm ◊<br />
Barbara Schwitzer<br />
Allyson Slater ’08<br />
Matthew C. Sola B’85 ’86<br />
Clifford W. Stanley<br />
Mary M. Stanley<br />
Lily Y. Tanaka<br />
Susanne M. Thore B’85<br />
Homer Thrall Jr. ’50 ◊<br />
Abby R. Turk B’93 ’93<br />
David C. Unger<br />
Kajy Vicinelli<br />
Stephen Vicinelli<br />
Alison M. Von Klemperer B’86 ’89<br />
James A. Von Klemperer<br />
Carol Wasserman ◊<br />
Jack G. Wasserman B’64 ◊<br />
Scott W. Weyman ’82 ◊<br />
Kevin D. Widlansky ’05<br />
Bonnie S. Wilson B’67 ’67 ’71 ◊<br />
Edward T. Wilson ’68 ’72 ◊<br />
Cunlu Yan N’93<br />
Laurence G. Zuriff ’93<br />
$1,000 to $4,999<br />
Joseph Aiken<br />
Robert N. Alfandre ’51 ◊<br />
Dennis J. Amato B’68 ’68 ◊<br />
Sally S. Anderson ’64 ◊<br />
Anne E. Andreassen B’99 ’00<br />
Ole E. Andreassen ’01 ’06<br />
Armando Anfosso B’01 ’03<br />
Anonymous<br />
Joan M. Anway ’87<br />
Cresencio S. Arcos ’73<br />
Edward B. Baker Jr. ◊<br />
Stephanie Levinson Baker ’70 ◊<br />
Ulrich R. Baumgartner B’71<br />
Sarina Beges ’07<br />
Norton W. Bell<br />
Richard Bierregaard ◊<br />
Alexander A. Biner B’82 ’83<br />
Robert O. Blake ’47 ◊<br />
Sylvia W. Blake ◊<br />
C. Thomas Bleha<br />
Gary F. Blemaster ’73 ’99 ◊<br />
Jane D. Blemaster ◊<br />
Wolf I. Blitzer ’72<br />
Peter C. Bloch B’68 ’69<br />
Lee H. Bloom ◊<br />
Leonor T. Blum ’83 ◊<br />
William Bodde Jr. ’67 ◊<br />
Charles P. Bolton<br />
Gwen A. Bondi B’85 ’86 ◊<br />
John O. Boochever ’04<br />
Jacques Bouhet<br />
Katharina Bouhet<br />
Andrew R. Brackenbury B’71<br />
Elizabeth B. Bradley N’00<br />
Jacqueline V. Brady ’91<br />
Bryna Brennan ’92 ◊<br />
David L. Brinkley III ’83<br />
Joseph F. Brown<br />
James K. Bruton Jr. ’95 ◊<br />
Mey Bulgurlu B’05 ’06<br />
Irakli Burdiladze ’00<br />
Nicholas R. Burnett ’75 ’77 ◊<br />
Kay F. Butler<br />
Cesare Calari B’78 ’79<br />
Capucine Carrier B’89<br />
Vincent Cipollone B’01 ’01<br />
Anna R. Cochran ◊<br />
Samuel J. Cohen ’76<br />
Belle L. Cole ’56 ◊<br />
Jeffrey D. Colman<br />
John R. Cooper B’70 ’71<br />
Christopher D. Costa ’92<br />
Alastair Coutts B’03 B’04<br />
Sheppard Craige B’68 ’68<br />
Robert E. Cranley Jr.<br />
Shelley W. Cranley<br />
Wm. Patrick Cranley N’87<br />
Oliver S. Crosby ’47 ◊<br />
Simon Cruz ’82<br />
Jane C. Delfendahl B’90 ’91<br />
Warren J. Devalier B’68 ’69<br />
Mark W. Dewing-Hommes ’83<br />
Jessica A. Dodson B’01 ’02<br />
Catherine E. Dolan ’82 ◊<br />
THANK YoU ... THANK YoU<br />
N. Cinnamon Dornsife ’77<br />
Oliver K. Drews B’91 B’92<br />
Kristen Durkin ’94<br />
Patrick Durkin<br />
R. Russell Dyk ’98<br />
Christof Ebersberg B’77<br />
Henner Ehringhaus B’63 ’64<br />
David Ellwood B’71 ◊<br />
Andris Emanis<br />
Eme M. Essien ’99<br />
Maria A. Evans<br />
Tryfan Evans ’01<br />
Bernard T. Ferrari<br />
Abbe Fessenden ’64<br />
Martin D. Finnegan ’82<br />
John W. Franklin Jr. ’67 ◊<br />
Stefano Frascani B’99 ’00<br />
Wesley C. Fredericks Jr.<br />
Carla P. Freeman ‘90 ’99<br />
David M. Frey ’95 ◊<br />
Margaret H. Frondorf ’00<br />
Mark J. Frondorf<br />
Sampriti J. Ganguli ’01<br />
T.J. Gardeniers B’79 ’80<br />
Mark Garlinghouse N’91<br />
Jeffrey P. George ’01<br />
Frederick Gibbs ’99<br />
Bennet R. Goldberg B’77 ’78<br />
Raf Goovaerts B’95 ’96<br />
Cheryl C. Graczewski B’96 ’97<br />
Timothy J. Graczewski ’98<br />
Saverio Grazioli Venier B’03<br />
Donald P. Gregg<br />
Margaret C. Gregg<br />
Robert T. Grieves<br />
Olga Grkavac B’69 ’70 ◊<br />
Kenneth A. Guenther ’59<br />
Carine P. Gursky ’96<br />
Jason Gursky ’96<br />
Mark V. Hagerstrom ’80<br />
Elizabeth I. Hallinan N’09 ’09<br />
John J. Hamre ’76 ’78<br />
Julie P. Hamre<br />
Keith A. Hansen B’68 ’69<br />
Roger K. Hardon B’81 ’82 ◊<br />
Brooke J. Harris ’05<br />
Benjamin E. Hein B’93 ’94<br />
John C. Hellmann ’97<br />
Amari Hemmings<br />
Jacqueline L. Hengl B’68 ’69<br />
Kurt O. Hengl B’68 ’69<br />
Alan R. Henning B’85 ’86<br />
Jolynne Henning<br />
E. Hunterson Henrie II ’86 ◊<br />
Heidrun-Ute Hesse-Tincani B’71<br />
Carrie C. Hitt B’94 95<br />
Elizabeth B. Hubbard ’56 ◊<br />
Katherine S. Hunter ’88 ◊<br />
Kenneth H. Jarrett N’89 ◊<br />
Chunqing Jin N’88<br />
Jerry W. Johnson ’83<br />
Anne N. Jones-Dawson ’93 ◊<br />
Sarah L. Kaplan B’89 ’90<br />
Ali-Sevket Karaca B’91 ’92<br />
Roy J. Katzovicz<br />
Stephanie C. Katzovicz<br />
Lawrence Y. Kay B’80 ’81 ◊<br />
Geraldine P. Kelly B’80 ’81<br />
Karl D. Klauck<br />
John E. Kocjan ’78 ◊<br />
Taesun Kocjan ◊<br />
Tanya Konidaris ’11<br />
Candice Koo ’04<br />
Wilfred D. Koplowitz ’49 ◊<br />
Edward N. Krapels ’92<br />
Benjamin E. Krause ’09<br />
David R. Kyle ’79<br />
Lynne Foldessy Lambert B’67 ’67<br />
Ronald T. Lambert ◊<br />
Brian Landan ’00<br />
Anne A. LeBourgeois ’80<br />
Roger S. Leeds ’70 ’77 ◊<br />
Jennifer B. Lemaigre ’83 ◊<br />
Olivier E. Lemaigre ’91 ◊<br />
Jeremy Levine B’01 ’02<br />
John D. Lewis ’90<br />
Michael R. Liberman<br />
Michael B. Livanos ’74 ◊<br />
Dennis P. Lockhart ’71 ◊<br />
Nancy C. Loeb ’80<br />
Reuben M. Loewen ’02<br />
Rosalie P. Loewen ’02<br />
D. Thomas Longo Jr. B’68 ’69<br />
Helen Low<br />
Roger Lowenstein B’65<br />
Yunxia Ma N’87<br />
Edouard Maciejewski B’73<br />
Andrew MacKechnie B’63 ’63 ◊<br />
Ellen W. Martin<br />
Laurel K. Martin<br />
Williams S. Martin IV ’91<br />
Orlando D. Martino B’61 ’62<br />
Michael K. Masterson ’82<br />
Paul A. Matteucci ’80 ◊<br />
Susan E. Matteucci B’89 ’92<br />
Francis P. McGuire ’76<br />
Margaret J. McKelvey ’77<br />
John E. McLaughlin B’66 ’66<br />
Robert K. Meahl B’63 ’63<br />
Jennifer Meehan<br />
Eva H. Meigher B’56 ’57 ◊<br />
Mayagozel Meredova B’01 ’02<br />
Ellen K. Moran B’71 ’72<br />
Edward L. Morse B’66 ’66<br />
Mary L. Mortensen B’80 ’81<br />
Melissa G. Moye B’86 ’86<br />
Tuyen D. Nguyen ’02<br />
Elizabeth H. Odell<br />
Marsha M. Olive B’78 ’79 ◊<br />
Rozanne D. Oliver B’73 ’74<br />
Mary C. O’Neil B’97 ’98<br />
Jeffrey O’Rourke<br />
Gretchen A. Osgood *<br />
Nicholas C. Pano ’58<br />
Peter R. Pearce B’64<br />
Richard L. Peppers ’53 ◊<br />
Marco Piccarolo B’57<br />
Joanna M. Pineda ’91<br />
Alan A. Platt B’67 ’67<br />
Nicholas Platt ’59<br />
Russell Porter ’98<br />
Raymond Purcell B’71<br />
Catherine C. Redpath ’90<br />
John A. Redpath B’87 ’88<br />
Jennifer L. Reingold B’91 ’93<br />
Torun Reinhammar B’89<br />
Elisabeth Resch B’10 ’11<br />
Aldema Ridge<br />
Tom Ro B’01 ’02<br />
Joyce Robbins<br />
2011–2012 111
Kenneth X. Robbins<br />
Anne L. Rogers<br />
Peter J. Rogers<br />
Denise A. Rollins ’88 ◊<br />
Thomas J. Row Jr. B’79 ’80<br />
Nathalie M. Rubens ’93<br />
Arthur M. Rubin ’92<br />
Philip C. Rudder ’97<br />
Amela Sapcanin ’99<br />
Olivier N. Sarfati<br />
Laurence Schloesing-<br />
Colchester B’68<br />
Gaillard L. Schmidt ’71<br />
Claire Schneider<br />
Jonathan L. Schneider B’76 ’77<br />
Bruce D. Schulman ’99<br />
Norman J.T. Scott ’72 ◊<br />
Gianni W. Sellers B’81 ’82<br />
Sally A. Shelton-Colby B’67 ’68 ◊<br />
Drury R. Sherrod III B’66 ’67 ◊<br />
Jonathan Showe ’72<br />
Alicia Silva-Ritchie ’71 ◊<br />
Natasha J. Simes<br />
Christian B. Smekens B’91<br />
Robert A. Sperl ’71 ◊<br />
Harry C. Spies ’94 ◊<br />
Erich Spitaeller B’65 ’66<br />
Fiona E. Stewart B’03<br />
Brewer S. Stone ’86 ◊<br />
Ruth C. Swanson<br />
Marite Talbergs ’79<br />
William R. Tanzola ’95 ◊<br />
Karen P. Tcheyan ’80<br />
Nils O. Tcheyan ’80<br />
Erika B. Teoman B’82 ’87<br />
Hasan F. Teoman B’81<br />
Kay E. Terkhorn ◊<br />
Robert E. Terkhorn ’64 ◊<br />
Christa L. Thomas B’80 ’81<br />
James P. Thomas Jr. ’94<br />
Malcolm Thomson<br />
Amos Tincani B’72<br />
Matthew E. Tocks ’05 ◊<br />
Adrian D. Trevisan B’89 ’90 ◊<br />
Anne Elizabeth L. Trevisan ’91 ◊<br />
Elisabeth R. Turner ’94<br />
John Ulrich Jr. B’11<br />
Shin Umezu B’92 ’94<br />
James A. Upton B’91 ’92 ◊<br />
Robert F. Vandenplas B’64 ’65<br />
Margaret E. Vanderhye ’72<br />
Robert A. Vanderhye<br />
Brian J. Vasek B’10 ’11<br />
Gordon C. Vieth B’78 ’79<br />
Cynthia Villani<br />
Edmond D. Villani<br />
Virginia S. Volpe B’95 ’96<br />
James A. Von Klemperer<br />
Hans W. Vriens B’85<br />
Nicoletta Vuccino<br />
Barclay Ward ’61 ◊<br />
Joan S. Ward B’58 ’61 ◊<br />
Christopher W. Webster ’77 ◊<br />
Laura R. Weir B’92 ’93<br />
Barbara Z. Wertheimer B’61 ’61<br />
Clifton R. Wharton Jr. ’48<br />
Dolores M. Wharton<br />
Carmencita N.M. Whonder B’11<br />
Warren E. Wilhide Jr. ’08 ◊<br />
Rebecca S. Williams B’86 ’88 ◊<br />
*Deceased ◊ Five-Year Consistent Donor ✦ Christian Herter Society Member<br />
112 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
Rhys H. Williams B’86 ’87 ◊<br />
J. Michael Willingham B’71 ’73 ’94<br />
Robert S. Willis ’48 ◊<br />
Gary M. Wilson ’98 ◊<br />
Sherman B. Wilson B’71 ’72<br />
Jan J. Wlodarkiewicz ’59 ◊<br />
Chris Woolford<br />
Melody O. Woolford B’01 ’03<br />
Ann Wrampelmeier ’57 ◊<br />
Brooks Wrampelmeier ’77 ◊<br />
Rebecca L. Wright ’72<br />
Robert C. Wright ’73 ◊<br />
Penn Wyrough ’87<br />
Wei Yan N’87<br />
Pamela Yatsko ’88 N’89 ◊<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong> Alumni by Class<br />
We sincerely thank the <strong>SAIS</strong> alumni for<br />
their generosity during the 2010–11<br />
fiscal year. Participation rates are<br />
listed for each class. Donors contributing to <strong>SAIS</strong><br />
consistently for the past five years are signified with<br />
an open diamond, and members of the Christian<br />
Herter Society are denoted with a black diamond.<br />
sais Washington alumni<br />
1945: 25%<br />
Curt F. Beck<br />
James W. Morley ◊<br />
1946: 18%<br />
Betty L. Hummel * ◊<br />
Hope S. Miller ◊ ✦<br />
1947: 40%<br />
John E. Allen<br />
Robert O. Blake ◊ ✦<br />
Oliver S. Crosby ◊ ✦<br />
Elwood G. Dreyer ◊<br />
Earl M. Hyde Jr.<br />
Ruth K. Hyde<br />
Adaline R. Johnson<br />
Gordon D. King<br />
Clare E. Petty<br />
Robert F. Skillings * ◊<br />
William P. Stedman Jr. ◊ ✦<br />
1948: 29%<br />
Barbara Belle<br />
Evan Fotos<br />
Warren D. Hall Jr. ◊<br />
Roy V. Palmer<br />
Clifton R. Wharton Jr. ✦<br />
Robert S. Willis ◊<br />
J. Robert Wilson ◊<br />
1949: 24%<br />
Gordon H. Barrows ◊<br />
W. Kennedy Cromwell<br />
Peter W. Josten<br />
Wilfred D. Koplowitz ◊ ✦<br />
George F. Muller ◊<br />
Nancy H. Scoutt<br />
Marianne S. Simonoff ◊<br />
1950: 21%<br />
Kenneth H. Armstrong ◊<br />
Elwyn F. Chase Jr. ◊<br />
Lawrence G. Doty<br />
Francois Negrier<br />
Homer Thrall Jr. ◊ ✦<br />
1951: 37%<br />
Robert N. Alfandre ◊ ✦<br />
Joseph E. Banta ◊<br />
David Duberman ◊<br />
John R. Mills<br />
Dan J. Samuel<br />
Donald L. Snook ◊<br />
Wallace H. Spaulding ◊<br />
1952: 15%<br />
Robert L. Funseth ◊<br />
Thomas J. Houser<br />
Claude C. Noyes<br />
Marijane E. Peplow ◊<br />
1953: 33%<br />
Eleanor Granoff<br />
Frank J. Johnson ◊<br />
Leonard C. Kampf<br />
George B. Lambrakis ◊<br />
George L. Marling<br />
Richard L. Peppers ◊ ✦<br />
Richard Rueda Jr. ◊<br />
1954: 33%<br />
Samuel W. Lewis ◊<br />
Richard G. Long ◊<br />
Joan R. MacDonald ◊<br />
David G. Reese ◊<br />
A. Irwin Rubenstein ◊<br />
Khalida B. Showker<br />
Mary C. Tensel ◊<br />
1955: 22%<br />
Dirk F. Bollenback ◊<br />
Samuel C. Keiter<br />
Wingate Lloyd ◊<br />
Joseph S. Szyliowicz<br />
Ralph R. Westfall ◊<br />
1956: 25%<br />
Belle L. Cole ◊ ✦<br />
Elizabeth B. Hubbard ◊ ✦<br />
William M. Rideout Jr.<br />
Daniel P. Sullivan ◊<br />
Neda Walpole<br />
Donald E. Weatherbee ◊<br />
1957: 36%<br />
Edmund A. Bator ◊<br />
Michael P. Boerner<br />
William A. Douglas Jr.<br />
Alton L. Jenkens<br />
Oleg Jerschkowsky ◊<br />
Allen S. Johnson<br />
Mary Lee L. McIntyre<br />
Wilfried Mehring ◊<br />
Eva H. Meigher ◊ ✦<br />
Abe J. Moses ◊<br />
Robert M. Rodes ◊<br />
Mildred C. Vreeland<br />
Robert D. Ward<br />
Ann Wrampelmeier ◊ ✦<br />
1958: 31%<br />
Carol S. Akiyama ◊<br />
Joann M. Andrews<br />
Paul J. Glasoe<br />
David B. Hoffman<br />
Mary K. Huntington ◊<br />
Alfred M. Liveright ◊<br />
Richard W. Murphy<br />
Nicholas C. Pano ◊ ✦<br />
Sarah K. Stromayer<br />
Gaetano Zucconi ◊<br />
1959: 48%<br />
Anne M. Auchter<br />
Edmund L. Auchter<br />
John F. Emery<br />
Peter F. Geithner ◊<br />
Kenneth A. Guenther ✦<br />
Richard H. Howarth<br />
Marianne B. Kilby<br />
Peter Kilby<br />
Francis M. Kinnelly<br />
John A. Lepper ◊<br />
Marilyn J. Peterson<br />
Nicholas Platt ✦<br />
H. Lawrence Sandall ◊<br />
Lucille A. Stephenson<br />
Jan J. Wlodarkiewicz ◊ ✦<br />
1960: 33%<br />
Robert P. Armstrong ◊<br />
Steven S. Conner ◊<br />
William F. Eaton ◊<br />
Robert S. Ginsburg ✦<br />
Roy A. Harrell Jr. ◊ ✦<br />
Robert G. Hoag<br />
Kenneth A. Kurze ◊<br />
Joel G. Montague<br />
Robert Morrow<br />
Claudia W. Moyne<br />
John A. Rava<br />
Barbara C. Santoro<br />
Francis H. Thomas ◊<br />
1961: 26%<br />
Myra H. Barron ◊<br />
Lincoln S. Beaumont Jr.<br />
Donald F. Castor ◊<br />
Robert L. Chamberlain<br />
Robert J. Karrer Jr. ◊<br />
Gary L. Lent ◊<br />
Maury J. Lisann<br />
Ludmilla Ksensenko Murphy<br />
Thomas A. Schlenker ◊<br />
Barclay Ward ◊ ✦<br />
Joan S. Ward ◊ ✦<br />
Barbara Z. Wertheimer ◊ ✦<br />
1962: 30%<br />
Paul P. Blackburn III ◊<br />
Neboysha R. Brashich ◊<br />
Alexander J. De Grand<br />
Carmine Gorga ◊<br />
Isebill V. Gruhn ◊<br />
John D. Holm<br />
William I. Jones ◊<br />
Gibbs Macdaniel Jr.<br />
Orlando D. Martino ✦<br />
Nancy H. Paulson ◊<br />
Sone Son ◊
Carl Taylor<br />
Charles M. Vincent<br />
1963: 32%<br />
Madeleine K. Albright ◊<br />
Peter W. Bailey ◊<br />
Katherine S. Batts<br />
Peter J. Bertocci<br />
Charles A. Buchanan Jr.<br />
Elizabeth A. Carter ◊<br />
Lewis H. Diuguid<br />
Marston D. Hodgin ◊<br />
Brooke C. Holmes<br />
Robert W. Hull<br />
Stephen O. Lesser ◊ ✦<br />
Andrew MacKechnie ◊ ✦<br />
Robert K. Meahl ✦<br />
Robert L. Mott ◊<br />
Samuel S. Rea ◊<br />
Marilou M. Righini<br />
Leon M. Slawecki<br />
Gordon A. Tubbs ◊<br />
1964: 30%<br />
Sally S. Anderson ◊ ✦<br />
Richard J. Bentley<br />
James A. Berezin<br />
Robert C. Carr ✦<br />
Ellen G. Cole ◊<br />
Henner Ehringhaus ✦<br />
Abbe Fessenden ✦<br />
Gulcin B. Hamilton<br />
Daniel R. Headrick<br />
John J. Kadilis<br />
David T. Kenney ◊ ✦<br />
Marjorie W. Lundy<br />
Gretchen S. Maynes<br />
Howard Murad<br />
Naneen H. Neubohn ◊<br />
Russell E. Parta ◊<br />
John H. Strasburger ◊<br />
Robert E. Terkhorn ◊ ✦<br />
Charles H. Twining<br />
1965: 21%<br />
Donald E. Black ◊<br />
Elenita E. Brodie<br />
Chester A. Crocker<br />
Roger W. Fontaine<br />
Sung H. Hahm<br />
H. Richard Hurren<br />
L. Brewster Jackson II<br />
J. Hugh McFadden<br />
Julie F. Melton ◊<br />
Charles J. Micoleau<br />
Albert G. Miller ◊<br />
Richard C. Rogers ◊<br />
Robert F. Vandenplas ✦<br />
Anne C. Webb<br />
1966: 25%<br />
Andres Barreto ◊<br />
Herb A. Behrstock<br />
Dorothy J. Black<br />
W. Scott Butcher ◊<br />
Joan Ellen Corbett<br />
Jerry M. de St. Paer ✦<br />
Bonita B. Furner ◊ ✦<br />
Janice L. Goertz<br />
Allan M. Groves<br />
Richard J. Jones<br />
Sandy R. McKenzie ◊<br />
John E. McLaughlin ◊ ✦<br />
Jon B. McLin<br />
Marilyn A. Meyers ◊<br />
Edward L. Morse ✦<br />
Arthur D. Neiman<br />
Merle B. Opelz ◊<br />
A. James Panos<br />
Pedro N. Solares<br />
Erich Spitaeller ✦<br />
Samuel C. Townsend<br />
1967: 36%<br />
Charles S. Ahlgren<br />
William Bodde Jr. ◊ ✦<br />
Robert D. Botjer ✦<br />
Jay S. Brickman ◊<br />
Katharine Campbell<br />
James P. Collins Jr. ◊<br />
Theodore A. Delvoie<br />
David A. Erbe ◊<br />
John W. Franklin Jr. ◊ ✦<br />
Richard Gilmore ◊ ✦<br />
Dennis C. Goodman ◊<br />
Jacques J. Gorlin<br />
Richard E. Hecklinger<br />
Barbara Herzog<br />
Donald J. Huse ◊<br />
Lynne Foldessy Lambert ✦<br />
George E. Loudon<br />
Phyllis C. Machledt<br />
Wolfgang Mayer<br />
Philip W. Moeller<br />
Alain Y. Morvan<br />
Robert L. Nussbaumer ◊<br />
Alan A. Platt ✦<br />
John C. Pollock III ◊<br />
Stephen Rosenberg<br />
Christopher W. Ross ◊<br />
Drury R. Sherrod III ◊ ✦<br />
M. Gregg Smith ✦<br />
M. John Storey<br />
Candace J. Sullivan<br />
Sarah L. Timpson ◊<br />
Ann M. Watkins ◊<br />
James L. Whitely ◊<br />
Virginia J. Willard<br />
Bonnie S. Wilson ◊ ✦<br />
1968: 33%<br />
Dennis J. Amato ◊ ✦<br />
David E. Baker<br />
Bruce Benton<br />
John A. Bleyle<br />
Leslie W. Botjer ✦<br />
James C. Cason<br />
Richard E. Cohn<br />
Sheppard Craige ✦<br />
Morton R. Dworken Jr.<br />
Pamela P. Flaherty ◊ ✦<br />
Peter A. Flaherty ◊ ✦<br />
Mark German<br />
Grant T. Hammond ◊<br />
Stephen F. Hopkins<br />
Craig L. Hudson<br />
George M. Ingram Jr.<br />
Anne D. Jillson<br />
Margaret C. Jones ◊<br />
Ronald P. Loftus<br />
Peter A. Magowan ✦<br />
Joseph N. McBride<br />
W. Alan Messer<br />
Frank K. Mitchell<br />
David W. Paul<br />
Hans W. Schoenberg<br />
Sally A. Shelton-Colby ◊ ✦<br />
John G. Sommer ◊<br />
M. Thomas Spalding ◊<br />
Richard H. Stollenwerck ◊<br />
Roberto Toscano<br />
Michael H. Van Dusen<br />
Edward T. Wilson ◊ ✦<br />
Kathryn E. Young ◊<br />
1969: 23%<br />
Nancy Birdsall ◊<br />
Peter C. Bloch ✦<br />
Warren J. Devalier ✦<br />
Pirie M. Gall ◊<br />
Keith A. Hansen ✦<br />
Patrick H. Harper✦<br />
Jacqueline L. Hengl ✦<br />
Kurt O. Hengl ✦<br />
John D. Isaacs ◊<br />
Kevin J. Kinsella ✦<br />
Karin Lissakers<br />
D. Thomas Longo Jr. ✦<br />
Alfonso J. Lopez ◊<br />
Gerald P. McMahon ◊<br />
Frank J. Piason<br />
James F. Rafferty<br />
Clifford F. Ransom II ◊<br />
Erik M. Rasmussen<br />
Eric H. Smith<br />
Marcellus S. Snow<br />
Stephen H. Stull<br />
Lazare Tannenbaum<br />
Roxann A. Van Dusen<br />
1970: 19%<br />
Stephanie Levinson Baker ◊ ✦<br />
Dorie G. Behrstock<br />
Harry C. Blaney III<br />
Jessica P. Einhorn ◊ ✦<br />
Richard W. Erdman<br />
Olga Grkavac ◊ ✦<br />
Constance M. Hope<br />
Alice G. Kelley<br />
Michael H. Krepon<br />
Roger S. Leeds ◊ ✦<br />
Douglas W. Lister<br />
Jose M. Llados<br />
Robert F. Maloney ◊ ✦<br />
Shlomo Marom<br />
William J. Seigler III ◊<br />
Cynthia P. Sonstelie ◊<br />
Rufus T. Stevenson<br />
Maynard J. Toll Jr. ◊<br />
Carlo Trezza<br />
Charles G. Twyman<br />
Susan M. Vonsild<br />
James A. Winship<br />
1971: 22%<br />
Raymond V. Arnaudo<br />
Andy Batmanghelidj ◊<br />
Phylicia F. Bowman<br />
Vincent J. Broze ◊ ✦<br />
Mary W. Chaves<br />
THANK YoU ... THANK YoU<br />
CNN’s Anderson Cooper fielded questions in a<br />
students-only session in March about his experiences<br />
covering the Arab Spring of 2011.<br />
Judith A. Chubb<br />
John R. Cooper ◊ ✦<br />
Gussie L. Daniels III<br />
George L. Deyman<br />
Monica Gruder Drake<br />
Bart S. Fisher<br />
Christine B. Giangreco<br />
Philip J. Griffin<br />
Robert S. Hyams<br />
Jeffrey A. Katz<br />
Allen L. Keiswetter<br />
William N. Krauss<br />
Mark R. Kushner<br />
Dennis P. Lockhart ◊ ✦<br />
Lynn K. Mytelka<br />
Bruce S. Post<br />
Gaillard L. Schmidt ✦<br />
Emily R. Seigler<br />
Alicia Silva-Ritchie ◊ ✦<br />
Alan B. Smith<br />
Robert A. Sperl ◊ ✦<br />
Robert C. Tetro<br />
Jonathan G. Truslow<br />
John W. Varley<br />
1972: 25%<br />
Iain S. Baird ◊<br />
Franklin M. Berger ✦<br />
Ralph W. Bild<br />
Wolf I. Blitzer ✦<br />
William B. Broydick<br />
Richard P. Burns<br />
Linda S. Hearne<br />
Elaine A. Hubert ◊<br />
L. Oakley Johnson<br />
Eric J. Lapp<br />
James A. Larocco<br />
Charla McCracken ◊<br />
Elizabeth D. McKune<br />
Eric D. Melby ◊ ✦<br />
Ellen K. Moran ◊ ✦<br />
Arturo M. Ottolenghi<br />
Carol M. Reynolds ◊<br />
Teddy W. Roe<br />
Daniel Rowland ✦<br />
Malcolm B. Russell<br />
Norman J.T. Scott ◊ ✦<br />
Jonathan Showe ✦<br />
Jeffrey W. Stallings ◊<br />
Arthur Stein III<br />
Eve D. Trezza<br />
Margaret E. Vanderhye ✦<br />
Kusol Varophas<br />
David G. Wagner ◊<br />
James G. Wallar<br />
Sherman B. Wilson ✦<br />
Rebecca L. Wright ✦<br />
1973: 20%<br />
Raymond J. Ahearn<br />
Cresencio S. Arcos ✦<br />
John W. Bagnole<br />
Richard W. Bole<br />
Daria M. dePierre-Hollowell<br />
Mark C. Dorin<br />
T. Stephen Downes ◊<br />
Robert E. Gribbin III ◊<br />
Dalton A. Griffith<br />
Alexandra J. Grochol<br />
Lawrence M. Hannah<br />
P. Roff Johannson ◊<br />
Kenneth R. Johnston<br />
Corinne Lyman ◊<br />
Joan B. Mower ◊<br />
Douglas R. Norell<br />
Jack H. Nunn<br />
William P. Owen<br />
Patricia A. Revey<br />
Karl W. Robinson ◊<br />
Lynn B. Russo<br />
Thomas J. Russo<br />
Jeffrey J. Schott ◊<br />
Brooks E. Shelton ◊<br />
Martin F. Smith ◊<br />
Robert C. Wright ◊ ✦<br />
James V. Zimmerman ◊<br />
1974: 23%<br />
Ruben M. Barth<br />
Henry R. Berghoef ✦<br />
Aklog Birara<br />
John V. Brewer<br />
Karen S. Brown ◊<br />
Richard J. Caples ◊<br />
Theresa M. Chen ◊<br />
Tom Cramer<br />
Alan A. Foley ◊<br />
Donald J. Hasfurther<br />
2011–2012 113
Paul M. Holmes ◊<br />
Repps B. Hudson III<br />
Lee A. Kimball ◊<br />
David H. Klingensmith ◊ ✦<br />
Laurence J. Lasoff<br />
John Lenczowski ◊<br />
Michael B. Livanos ◊ ✦<br />
Donald E. Mathes<br />
J. Scott McCallum ◊<br />
David A. Olive ◊ ✦<br />
Rozanne D. Oliver ✦<br />
Francis F. Ruzicka<br />
John D. Semida<br />
Alan B. Sielen<br />
Richard J.J. Sullivan Jr. ✦<br />
Geert E. Van Brandt<br />
Lee Walker<br />
Kirk W. Watson<br />
Earl W. Yates<br />
1975: 20%<br />
William L. Barkas ◊<br />
Nicholas R. Burnett ◊ ✦<br />
Ira N. Glauber<br />
Andrew L. Goodman<br />
Robert J. Hildreth ◊ ✦<br />
David I. Hitchcock Jr. ◊<br />
Vicki J. Huddleston ◊<br />
Robert W. Jenkins<br />
Lloyd S. Kaufman ◊<br />
Alan Konefsky ◊<br />
Ana Maria T. Lomperis<br />
Timothy J. Lomperis<br />
Marion L. Mann<br />
Dane S. McGuire<br />
Douglas W. McMinn<br />
Robert A. Mertz<br />
Leo G. Michel<br />
Peggy J. Nelson ◊<br />
Carl A. Pryor<br />
Harold F. Radday<br />
Francis C. Record ✦<br />
Benjamin M. Rowland<br />
Charles Rubel<br />
Melhem D. Salman<br />
Maria Sanchez-Carlo<br />
Elizabeth C. Seastrum ◊<br />
Charles P. Spalding<br />
Bruce E. Stokes<br />
James E. Sulton Jr. ◊<br />
Peter L. Tropper<br />
Sandra J. Tropper<br />
Candace C. Weeks<br />
Richard S. Weeks<br />
1976: 16%<br />
Hareb M. Al-Darmaki ✦<br />
George R. Allin<br />
Katharine C. Brengle<br />
Martin G. Brennan<br />
Christopher W. Burdick ◊<br />
Samuel J. Cohen ✦<br />
Elizabeth I. Combier<br />
Stephen E. Eisenbraun ◊<br />
Gerald K. Fisher<br />
Pamela B. Gavin ◊<br />
Brian C. Gendreau<br />
John J. Hamre ✦<br />
Lisa A. Head ◊<br />
John D. Hoppe ◊<br />
*Deceased ◊ Five-Year Consistent Donor ✦ Christian Herter Society Member<br />
114 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
John F. Kordek ◊<br />
Paul M. Liebenson ◊<br />
Francis P. McGuire ✦<br />
Lane F. Miller<br />
Richard G. Payne<br />
Bennett Ramberg<br />
Marsha R. Runningen<br />
Robert C. Shufeldt<br />
Katherine M. Valyi<br />
Michael D. White ◊ ✦<br />
Robert D. Wurwarg ◊<br />
1977: 17%<br />
Joyce Bratich-Cherif<br />
Woodward G. Brenton<br />
Steven A. Dimoff<br />
N. Cinnamon Dornsife ✦<br />
Mark J. Fidelman<br />
Daniel Goure<br />
Katharine M. Hartley<br />
John K. Holmgren<br />
Michael B. Jones<br />
Timothy D. Kilbourn<br />
Deborah A. Lamb ◊<br />
Charles R. Lewis III<br />
Katherine L. Lupo<br />
Barry J. MacDonald ◊<br />
Margaret J. McKelvey ✦<br />
Anne E. McLaughlin-Gore<br />
Keith L. Oberg<br />
Srilal M. Perera<br />
James W. Peterson ◊<br />
Judith B. Prowda<br />
Jeffrey M. Ranney<br />
William F. Rodgers<br />
James A. Schear ◊<br />
Jonathan L. Schneider ✦<br />
Joanna R. Shelton ◊<br />
Robin J. Silver<br />
Philip N. Steffen<br />
James J. Tarrant III<br />
Christopher W. Webster ◊ ✦<br />
Brooks Wrampelmeier ◊ ✦<br />
1978: 12%<br />
Meenakshi N. Ahamed<br />
Christopher M. Bates ◊<br />
Janet L. Boudris ◊<br />
Linda H. Collins<br />
Gail L. Doeberl<br />
Melinda B. Fox<br />
Brenda J. Gannam<br />
Bennet R. Goldberg ✦<br />
David L. Haettenschwiller<br />
John E. Kocjan ◊ ✦<br />
Ellen B. Laipson ◊<br />
W. Jeffrey Lawrence ✦<br />
Cynthia M. Lifson<br />
Curtis N. Meeder ◊<br />
Renzo M. Morresi<br />
Clare M. Munana ✦<br />
Tawhid Nawaz<br />
Christopher S. Pfaff ◊<br />
Gregory V. Powell ◊<br />
Monique G. Van Nispen<br />
Marie C. Zehngebot ◊<br />
1979: 14%<br />
Cesare Calari ✦<br />
Barbara J. Calvert ◊<br />
Martha J. Dudenhoeffer ◊<br />
Douglas L. Faulkner<br />
Judith W. Gilmore ◊ ✦<br />
John C. Graham ◊ ✦<br />
John B. Greenman ◊<br />
Alain L. Grisay<br />
Bert D. Hammond<br />
David R. Kyle ✦<br />
Daniel S. Lipman ◊ ✦<br />
Ronald K. Lorentzen ◊<br />
Nancy J. McGaw<br />
Linda V. Moodie<br />
Jessica Mott<br />
Marsha M. Olive ◊ ✦<br />
Patrick B. Pexton<br />
Edmund F. Scherr<br />
R. Buford Sears ◊<br />
Stephen E. Stambaugh<br />
Marite Talbergs ✦<br />
Kate S. Tomlinson ◊ ✦<br />
Hilda H. Tsang<br />
Gordon C. Vieth ✦<br />
Orme Wilson III ◊<br />
1980: 16%<br />
Indira J. Crum<br />
Huong T. DiRocco<br />
Mark F. Eaton<br />
Kim Foster ✦<br />
T.J. Gardeniers ✦<br />
Todd R. Greentree<br />
Carol A. Grigsby ◊<br />
Mark V. Hagerstrom ✦<br />
Maria C. Ferran Jadick<br />
Seward L. Jones ◊<br />
Anne A. LeBourgeois ✦<br />
William J. Lessard Jr.<br />
Noah R. Levy ◊<br />
Eleanor Lew<br />
Nancy C. Loeb ✦<br />
Stephen R. Markscheid<br />
Paul A. Matteucci ◊ ✦<br />
Linda M. Mayer<br />
Claire R. Palmer<br />
Alissa O. Roston ◊<br />
Thomas J. Row Jr. ✦<br />
Therese E. Schoen<br />
David L. Shambaugh<br />
Cynthia Steele<br />
Cathryn T. Surgenor<br />
Karen P. Tcheyan ✦<br />
Nils O. Tcheyan ✦<br />
Dwight T. Wilson<br />
Stephen D. Wrage<br />
Dorthy J. Yang ◊<br />
Kyung B. Yoon<br />
1981: 16%<br />
James K. Bishop<br />
Peggy A. Clarke<br />
Anne K. Cusick<br />
Janet G. Francisco ◊<br />
James B. Gardiner III<br />
William S. Grueskin<br />
Thomas K. Hanshaw ◊<br />
J. Michael Houlahan ◊<br />
Dale E. Hughes ◊<br />
Cedric L. Joubert<br />
Lawrence Y. Kay ◊ ✦<br />
Geraldine P. Kelly ✦<br />
Anne T. Landman ◊<br />
Madge McKeithen<br />
Monique E. Merriam<br />
Elisabeth I. Millard<br />
Marcia E. Miller ◊<br />
Mary L. Mortensen ✦<br />
Wendy L. Roehrich-Hall<br />
Lars C. Rosdahl<br />
John K. Sakoh ◊<br />
Anthony T. Salvia<br />
Kathryn W. Sax<br />
Francesca P. Slesinger ◊<br />
Christine A. Stover-Romero<br />
Mary K. Sturvevant<br />
Christa L. Thomas ✦<br />
Victor A. Vockerodt<br />
Jacob Walles ◊<br />
William F. Wulsin<br />
1982: 18%<br />
David M. Arase<br />
Nancy Audain-Allen<br />
Alexei R. Bayer<br />
Simon Cruz ✦<br />
Catherine E. Dolan ◊ ✦<br />
Michael L. Ellis ◊<br />
Paul J. Fekete ◊<br />
Martin D. Finnegan ✦<br />
Rebecca P. Frailey<br />
David T. Fuhrmann ◊ ✦<br />
Mark E. Goebel<br />
Andrew N. Goldberg<br />
Robert O. Gurman ✦<br />
Roger K. Hardon ◊ ✦<br />
Leslie C. Hunter<br />
John E. Jankowski Jr.<br />
Carol Ann M. Kenny<br />
Patricia Krackov<br />
Jean R. Lange ◊<br />
Michael K. Masterson ✦<br />
Beatrice B. Meyerson<br />
Dominic K. Ntube<br />
Leslie S. Nucho ◊<br />
Lisette Nuñez<br />
Karin S. Rindal<br />
Gianni W. Sellers ◊ ✦<br />
Brent E. Shay<br />
Barbara M. Spalding ◊<br />
Martha Stein-Sochas<br />
Bart Stevens<br />
Taraneh Tavana<br />
Thomas B. Tesluk ◊ ✦<br />
Paul Valdetaro<br />
Hannes F. van Wagenberg<br />
Scott W. Weyman ◊ ✦<br />
Angelyn L. Whitehurst<br />
Kay A. Wilkie<br />
1983: 17%<br />
Ben W. Armfield<br />
Ann M. Beckman<br />
Alexander A. Biner ✦<br />
Leonor T. Blum ◊ ✦<br />
Marie-Claire J. Brien ◊<br />
David L. Brinkley III ✦<br />
John S. Butterworth<br />
Susan E. Carter ◊ ✦<br />
David L. Crum ◊<br />
Craig Daugherty<br />
Mark W. Dewing-Hommes ✦<br />
James W. Ellinthorpe ◊<br />
Jonathan W. Evans ◊<br />
Linda W. Filardi ✦<br />
Barbara A. Fliess<br />
Louis J. Forster ✦<br />
Jennifer Z. Galt<br />
Frances Gawel ◊<br />
Arlene E. Glotzer<br />
Gabriela Gold<br />
Ann S. Goldman<br />
John B. Ivie<br />
Jerry W. Johnson ✦<br />
Jean A. Kelly<br />
Andrew B. Koslow<br />
Desiree B. Leigh<br />
Jennifer B. Lemaigre ◊ ✦<br />
Celso E. Lopez ◊<br />
Eric W. Luftman ◊<br />
Jean S. Luning-Johnson<br />
Morgan T. McGrath ✦<br />
Jeffrey W. Mullaney<br />
Dean E. Murphy<br />
Brenda W. Newmann<br />
Chieko K. Otsuru<br />
Robert S. Palmer ◊<br />
Ann F. Pean<br />
David C. Richardson<br />
Jean M. Ricketts ◊<br />
John D. Rosin ◊<br />
Jerome V. Sauvage<br />
Ellen F. Stolfa<br />
Gary M. Talarico ✦<br />
Kathleen H. Tesluk ◊ ✦<br />
Brian C. Tobin<br />
Donald N. Van Duyn<br />
Young-Kwan Yoon<br />
1984: 13%<br />
Gregory S. Betsinger<br />
Patricia C. Carey<br />
Bernard T. Carreau<br />
Arnold E. DiLaura II<br />
Peter M. Drittel ✦<br />
James T. Dunne<br />
Mark J. Ellyne ◊<br />
Gregory G. Fergin ◊<br />
William R. Ford<br />
Martin E. Fraenkel ✦<br />
John P. Giacomini<br />
John P. Gildea<br />
Brad F. Glosserman<br />
Joseph Guadagno<br />
R. L. P. Johnson<br />
Cory T. Lefkowitz<br />
Letitia L. Michotte ◊<br />
Patricia J. Morris<br />
David W. Oliver<br />
Charlie Rast<br />
David B. Ray ◊<br />
Carolyn A. Sauvage-Mar<br />
Richard S. Shepard ◊<br />
Peter M. Sherwood<br />
Catherine L. Shimony<br />
David G. Staples<br />
Arthur N. Stern ◊<br />
Lisa R. Sytsma ◊
1985: 7%<br />
Eleanore K. Boyse<br />
Eugenio A. Diaz-Bonilla<br />
Hilary F. Esmonde-White<br />
Lawrence R. Fioretta<br />
Timothy F. Geithner<br />
Laura L. Guimond<br />
Rosalind Hamar<br />
Steven R. Kantor<br />
Elizabeth E. Keck ◊<br />
Hiroko O. Kulason<br />
Charlotte Leighton<br />
Bruce A. Lowry<br />
Babette Sonnenfeldt Lubben ◊ ✦<br />
Francis J. McHugh<br />
Bruce W. Morrison ◊<br />
Mary S. Pederson<br />
Shelley H. Richardson<br />
Harold J. Rose ◊<br />
James K. Walton<br />
Elizabeth K. Werner ◊<br />
Judith W. Wolfe ◊<br />
1986: 14%<br />
David N. Biette ◊<br />
Gwen A. Bondi ◊ ✦<br />
Christine B. Braun<br />
Jens J. Braun<br />
Marilyn A. Cangro-Belo<br />
Mary-Jane Deeb<br />
Marco Dell’Aquila ◊ ✦<br />
Carol E. Fiertz<br />
Randall S. Fiertz<br />
Leslie M. Fox<br />
James E. Gale<br />
Amjad A. Ghori ✦<br />
Victoria M. Griffith<br />
Alan R. Henning ✦<br />
E. Hunterson Henrie II ◊ ✦<br />
Craig S. Hevey<br />
Alan R. Hoffman<br />
Mary M. Dickens Johnson ◊<br />
Nils Johnson<br />
Lisa A. Keathley ◊<br />
Kurt J. Klingenberger ◊<br />
Jesper J. Koll ✦<br />
Janet E. Kyle ◊<br />
Paul A. Liu ✦<br />
Kanako Toda McPhail<br />
Melissa G. Moye ✦<br />
Sarah B. O’Hagan ◊<br />
Maureen E. Pettis<br />
Stephen L. Pignatiello ◊<br />
Kathleen P. Rahal<br />
Rhys W. Robinson<br />
Matthew W. Ryan ◊<br />
Barbara A. Salvatore<br />
Matthew C. Sola ✦<br />
Thomas W. Stoever Jr. ◊<br />
Brewer S. Stone ◊ ✦<br />
Sarah E. Veale<br />
Jennifer A. Woods<br />
1987: 11%<br />
Joan M. Anway ✦<br />
Jean E. Benedict ◊<br />
Mitchell P. Benedict ◊<br />
Amy M. Bliss<br />
Michael Braswell<br />
Kathleen A. Brion<br />
Dennis M. Britt<br />
Peter A. Burbank<br />
Craig I. Celniker ◊<br />
Janet L. Craswell<br />
Joanne H. Dann<br />
Sally Dore<br />
David R. Feltman<br />
Maurice A. Johnson<br />
Suzanne Justus<br />
Donna R. Kaplowitz<br />
Lisa A. Mammel<br />
L. Peter O'Hagan ◊ ✦<br />
Amir Pasic ◊<br />
Richard K. Perkins<br />
John A. Redpath ✦<br />
Dennis L. Richards ◊<br />
Glenwood Ross II<br />
Charlotte A. Ruhe<br />
Kristina Segulja<br />
Erika B. Teoman ✦<br />
Gale E. Thompson ◊<br />
Harrison M. Wadsworth III<br />
Rhys H. Williams ◊ ✦<br />
Penn Wyrough ✦<br />
1988: 13%<br />
William B. App<br />
Lynda K. Barrow<br />
George C. Biddle ✦<br />
Theresa S. Blandon<br />
Bernard P. Blouin<br />
Carla J. Chissell<br />
Craig A. Deare<br />
Rachel A. de la Vega<br />
Kim E. DiDonato-Murrell<br />
Eirik A. Evenhouse<br />
Brian Z. Gelfand<br />
Andrew S. Gilmour<br />
Matthew P. Goodman<br />
David L. Guthrie<br />
Timothy D. Hoyt<br />
Katherine S. Hunter ◊ ✦<br />
Carollyne Hutter<br />
Rosa Kim<br />
Elena Lazar ◊<br />
Philip C. Marchal<br />
Maureen H. Norton<br />
Sachiko Ohi<br />
Fernando E. Petrella<br />
Denise A. Rollins ◊ ✦<br />
Kathleen N. Schalch<br />
Taclan Suerdem<br />
Rebecca S. Williams ◊ ✦<br />
Lawrence J. Wippman ◊<br />
Eleanor L. Wright<br />
Pamela Yatsko ◊ ✦<br />
1989: 11%<br />
Robert G. Barnett ◊<br />
Keir B. Bonine<br />
Arthur D. Boyd Jr.<br />
Janet R. Chandler ◊<br />
Margaretha A.<br />
Dehandschutter<br />
Alan H. Fleischmann ◊ ✦<br />
Thomas A. Goffinet<br />
Helen C. Hammerschmidt<br />
Paul R. Hennemeyer<br />
Jeannine E. Johnson-Maia<br />
Louis H. Joseph<br />
Vinca S. LaFleur ◊<br />
Michelle D. Lore<br />
Bruce J. MacDonald<br />
Thomas G. Mahnken<br />
Alice M. Miller<br />
Ann R. Pifer<br />
Kathleen A. Poer<br />
Woodward C. Price<br />
Helene J. Rekkers<br />
Steven D. Shalowitz<br />
Sarah A. Stevens<br />
Christel Van den Eynden<br />
Alison M. Von Klemperer ✦<br />
Stephen V. Winthrop ◊<br />
Anthony M. Zamparutti<br />
1990: 11%<br />
Kelle A. Bevine<br />
Eugene D. Beye<br />
Susan H. Boyette<br />
Matthew I. Chanoff ◊<br />
Pietro del Bono<br />
Anne W. Erni ✦<br />
Leanne D. Galati<br />
Matthew R. Grund<br />
Margaret E. Hardon ◊<br />
Lynne L. Harris<br />
Sarah L. Kaplan ✦<br />
Karin L. Kizer<br />
Kathy Matsui Koll ✦<br />
John D. Lewis ✦<br />
Andrew A. Mack ◊<br />
Mark S. Mahaney<br />
Jeffery A. Malick ◊<br />
Donald H. McAllister Jr. ◊<br />
John V. Parachini ✦<br />
Lesley A. Parachini ✦<br />
Nicholas S. Pifer<br />
Yvette R. Pintar<br />
Catherine C. Redpath ✦<br />
K. Siobhan Reilly<br />
David Richter<br />
Francis M. Smyth<br />
Elizabeth E. Tolley ◊<br />
Adrian D. Trevisan ◊ ✦<br />
Henric J. Van Weelden ✦<br />
William D. Weeks Jr. ◊<br />
Timothy C. Yarling ◊<br />
1991: 15%<br />
Ellen L. Alderton<br />
Douglas C. Bayley ◊<br />
Jacqueline V. Brady ✦<br />
Kyle L. Brandon<br />
Marijan Cvjeticanin<br />
Leslie A. Delagran<br />
Jane C. Delfendahl ✦<br />
David A. Duckenfield<br />
David E. Earling ✦<br />
Mark G. Engman ◊<br />
Steven A. Fillipow<br />
Todd A. Fisher ◊ ✦<br />
Kathryn L. Gauthier ◊<br />
Eric L. Johnson<br />
Freeman E. Jones ◊<br />
Thomas M. Kearney ◊ ✦<br />
Lee S. Kempler ◊ ✦<br />
Feroz H. Khan<br />
Keith D. Klein ◊<br />
Nathaniel I. Land<br />
THANK YoU ... THANK YoU<br />
The 2011 Rostov Lecture in International Affairs<br />
featured then-chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff<br />
Admiral Mike Mullen, who spoke on “Perspective on<br />
the Global Security Environment” in March.<br />
Victoria K. Larson<br />
Olivier E. Lemaigre ◊ ✦<br />
Jeffrey B. Lilley<br />
Joseph E. Lipscomb ◊ ✦<br />
Williams S. Martin IV ◊ ✦<br />
Tanya Mazin<br />
Kristin O. McKissick ◊<br />
Kimberly M. Murphy ◊<br />
Warren P. Murphy ◊<br />
Ann P. O'Keeffe<br />
Beth M. O'Laughlin ◊<br />
David L. Peterson<br />
Patricia L. Petty ◊<br />
Joanna M. Pineda ✦<br />
Melanie A. Posey ◊<br />
Edith P. Quintrell<br />
Neal R. Rudge<br />
Ryoji Shiina ◊<br />
David C. Stifel<br />
Motoki Takahashi<br />
Landon Thomas Jr.<br />
Anne Elizabeth L. Trevisan ✦<br />
Mary L. Williamson ◊<br />
1992: 16%<br />
Miguel A. Barron<br />
Lane H. Blumenfeld ◊<br />
Bryna Brennan ◊ ✦<br />
Ann E. Bueche<br />
Amy L. Cantilina<br />
Christopher D. Costa ✦<br />
Laurence L. Delcoigne<br />
Peter A. Donat ◊<br />
Lawrence W. Dwight<br />
Jonathan T. Dworken<br />
Kim L. Erle<br />
Nina M. Gafni ◊<br />
Carl W. Gardiner III<br />
Barbara A. Glassman<br />
Bernard D. Gold<br />
James B. Hickey Jr.<br />
Daniel W. Hildreth ◊<br />
Idil H. Incekara<br />
Marijke M. Jurgens-Dupree ◊ ✦<br />
Michael D. Kaplowitz<br />
Ali-Sevket Karaca ✦<br />
Edward N. Krapels ✦<br />
Isabelle Krauss<br />
Matthew S. Levitties<br />
Thornton Matheson<br />
Susan E. Matteucci ◊ ✦<br />
Andrew W. Mayer ◊<br />
Kathleen M. Norman ◊<br />
Marcelle F. O’Connell<br />
David P. O’Keeffe<br />
Paul V. Oliva<br />
John E. Osborn<br />
Consuelo A. Ricart ✦<br />
Maryam S. Roberts<br />
James A. Rosen<br />
Arthur M. Rubin ◊ ✦<br />
David A. Schatsky<br />
Steven E. Sokol<br />
Dafna R. Tapiero ◊ ✦<br />
James A. Upton ◊ ✦<br />
Kurt G. Vandenberghe<br />
Milya Vered<br />
James C. Voorhees ◊<br />
1993: 17%<br />
David K. Adelman ◊<br />
Ladan Archin<br />
Gudmundur Audunsson<br />
Janet D. Balakian<br />
Eduardo B. Barbosa<br />
Raul A. Barrios<br />
Carla L. Boeckman<br />
Benoit J. Bosquet ◊<br />
Rachel Cardelle<br />
Elizabeth A. Corrigan<br />
Joseph M. Dukert ◊ ✦<br />
James A. Egan ◊<br />
Liliosa M. Evangelista ◊<br />
Claudia Fumo ◊<br />
Esteban Garcia de Motiloa<br />
Charles O. Gnaedinger<br />
Elizabeth J. Goldstein ◊<br />
Christopher J. Goncalves<br />
Witold J. Henisz ◊<br />
Catherine C. Jarmain<br />
Anne N. Jones-Dawson ◊ ✦<br />
Sumiko C. Kamiya ◊<br />
Michele L. Kelemen ◊<br />
Scott S. Kennedy<br />
2011–2012 115
Jae Youl Kim ✦<br />
J. Morgan Landy<br />
Christopher W. Loewald<br />
Ian S. MacNairn<br />
Kimberly D. Mahling-Clark<br />
Cynthia Marshall ◊<br />
Carlos M. Maxwell ◊<br />
Amy H. Medearis<br />
Victoria K. Mills<br />
Benjamin F. Nelson<br />
Ned S. Offit ◊ ✦<br />
Theresa A. Persico<br />
Terry A. Pratt<br />
Mark A. Quinn<br />
Laura B. Rawlings ◊<br />
Jennifer L. Reingold ✦<br />
Nathalie M. Rubens ✦<br />
Gwen M. Shtuhl<br />
Scott T. Stevens<br />
Dean C. Stodter<br />
Abby R. Turk ✦<br />
David B. Van Oppen<br />
Laura R. Weir ✦<br />
William D. Woolf<br />
Sindy Yeh<br />
Laurence G. Zuriff ✦<br />
1994: 15%<br />
Sara U. Aramendia<br />
Julia G. Baumgarten-Rozek<br />
David F. Bean<br />
Henry W. Bennett<br />
Stephanie Bertozzi<br />
Amanda C. Blakeley<br />
Pamela S. Chasek ◊<br />
Nomi J. Colton-Max ◊<br />
John V. Corona<br />
Kristen Durkin ✦<br />
Abigail Golden-Vazquez ◊<br />
Javier Gonzalez-Gancedo<br />
Benjamin E. Hein ✦<br />
Andrea B. Klein ◊<br />
Cynthia Lopez<br />
Elizabeth T. MacNairn<br />
William F. Markey III ◊<br />
Peter R. McCormick<br />
Eric O. Meyer<br />
Jeffrey T. Muller ◊<br />
Christian Nadeau<br />
Jan H. Panek<br />
Richard P. Price<br />
Theresa J. Rice<br />
Juliet M. Sampson<br />
Steven G. Shafer ◊<br />
Paul E. Smyke<br />
Harry C. Spies ◊ ✦<br />
Merril A. Springer<br />
James P. Thomas Jr. ✦<br />
Peter A. Thornton ◊<br />
Elisabeth R. Turner ✦<br />
Shin Umezu ✦<br />
Gero Verheyen<br />
Cynthia J. Wellington<br />
J. Michael Willingham ◊ ✦<br />
George T. Wood<br />
*Deceased ◊ Five-Year Consistent Donor ✦ Christian Herter Society Member<br />
116 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
1995: 11%<br />
William J. Aheron ◊<br />
Andrew D. Balfour<br />
James K. Bruton Jr. ◊ ✦<br />
John P. Chesen ◊<br />
Thomas P. Conroy ◊<br />
Eileen M. Fargis<br />
Steven B. Fine<br />
D. Cole Frates ✦<br />
David M. Frey ◊ ✦<br />
John Gaffney<br />
Amy L. Glover<br />
Susan B. Glucksman ◊<br />
Susannah L. Gold<br />
Carrie C. Hitt ✦<br />
Robert S. Kim<br />
Lars V. Larson<br />
Ellery S. Malkin<br />
Eric T. Mao<br />
Theresa Menders<br />
Julia H. Messitte<br />
Nicola Morris<br />
Daniel W. Offit ◊ ✦<br />
Don L. Pepper Jr.<br />
Bernardo J. Rico<br />
Alison T. Schafer ◊<br />
Matthew A. Scott-Hansen<br />
William R. Tanzola ◊ ✦<br />
Sheila J. Ward<br />
Scott W. Wilkerson<br />
Mary P. Yntema<br />
Alan J. Young<br />
1996: 11%<br />
Eden Abrahams<br />
James C. Berner<br />
Alvin D. Blake<br />
Katherine F. Buckley<br />
Charles W. Fowler III ◊<br />
Monica Garaitonandia<br />
Carl E. Garrett ◊<br />
Coralie Gevers ◊<br />
Sheri A. Goldenberg<br />
Raf Goovaerts ✦<br />
Virginia B. Gorsevski<br />
Carine P. Gursky ✦<br />
Jason Gursky ✦<br />
Robert J. Hawkins<br />
Jenny Hodgson<br />
Elisabeth J. King<br />
Olivier P. Knox<br />
Violane Konar-Leacy<br />
Stephen T. Loynd<br />
Mark T. Magee<br />
Terrence C. Markin ◊<br />
Dennis J. McAuliffe Jr.<br />
Maria E. Melendez<br />
Francesca Mercier<br />
Steven P. Michel<br />
Bruce S. Schlein<br />
Benjamin P. Sessions<br />
Martin C. Spicer<br />
Yuki Tatsumi<br />
Lynn M. Thomas ◊<br />
Virginia S. Volpe ✦<br />
Gizem Ozkulahci Weggemans<br />
Laura K. Williams<br />
Frederick Zilian Jr. ◊<br />
1997: 13%<br />
K. Kay Abe-Nagata<br />
Christine L. Abrams<br />
Christopher Barkidjija ◊<br />
Brian M. Bell<br />
Stanley J. Beltramea<br />
Michele C. Born ◊<br />
Heidi M. Brooks<br />
Andrew C. Browning<br />
Gabriel Cardona-Fox<br />
Ruslan V. Chilov<br />
William B. Comer III<br />
A. Heather Coyne<br />
Russell C. Crandall<br />
Cory V. Gnazzo<br />
Lara M. Goldmark<br />
Cheryl C. Graczewski ◊ ✦<br />
Fulton M. Gregg ◊<br />
Laurie M. Guzzinati<br />
John C. Hellmann ✦<br />
Rattany Hort<br />
Tim Huson<br />
Jennifer L. Kaukus<br />
Karissa T. Kovner ◊<br />
Deborah A. Medenica ✦<br />
Stephane B. Mercier<br />
Stephen A. Myrow ◊<br />
Carmen Niethammer<br />
Thomas R. Palumbo<br />
Turriago Perez<br />
William F. Pore<br />
Philip C. Rudder ◊ ✦<br />
Joseph C. Sharpe Jr.<br />
Chone Sophonpanich<br />
Alison A. Yonas<br />
1998: 12%<br />
Caitlin D. Bergin<br />
Tara Billingsley<br />
Gary Bland<br />
Scott S. Bloom<br />
Erin E. Braden ◊<br />
Paul Butler<br />
Benjamin C. Canavan<br />
Britta H. Crandall<br />
David G. Dayhoff<br />
R. Russel Dyk ✦<br />
Frederick H. Ehrenreich<br />
Timothy Graczewski ◊<br />
Jennifer A. Haefeli<br />
Denzel J. Hankinson<br />
Elizabeth Madigan Jost ◊ ✦<br />
Andrew Kales ◊<br />
Keith A. Krulak ◊<br />
Aria Mehrabi ✦<br />
Mary C. O’Neil ✦<br />
Susan S. Owen<br />
Charles L. Park ✦<br />
Traci A. Phillips<br />
Roderick Phimister<br />
Russell Porter ✦<br />
Diana H. Reilly<br />
Thomas Rodgers<br />
Clayton S. Rogers<br />
Edmund M. Ruffin<br />
Jozlyn Schroeder<br />
Jeffrey D. Sigal<br />
Jennifer L. Silberman<br />
Juergen P. Stein<br />
Michael Svetlik ◊<br />
Wendy J. Teleki<br />
Lynn M. Wagner<br />
Gary M. Wilson ◊ ✦<br />
1999: 12%<br />
Yoichiro Akabane<br />
Maria I. Barboza<br />
George Bindley-Taylor<br />
Gary F. Blemaster ◊ ✦<br />
Wynne Brown<br />
Bruce E. Campbell III ◊<br />
Ian A. Clements ◊<br />
John Denemark<br />
Stephen M. Dorst<br />
Eme M. Essien ✦<br />
Carla P. Freeman ✦<br />
Kelly A. George<br />
Frederick Gibbs ✦<br />
Cynthia L. Greene ◊<br />
Leslie M. Hand ◊<br />
Laurie G. Hopkins<br />
William H. Houston<br />
Emily Jeffers<br />
Michelle M. Jeong<br />
Aleksandar D. Jovovic ◊<br />
Ross S. Kaplan<br />
Jon Y. Lee<br />
Paul Linehan<br />
Roy B. Norton<br />
Michelle N. Patron<br />
Esben Pedersen<br />
Adrian B. Pidlusky<br />
Paul E. Poletes<br />
Michelle F. Quadt<br />
David Rovinsky<br />
Yvette Saint-Andre<br />
Amela Sapcanin ✦<br />
Margaret F. Schmitz<br />
Bruce D. Schulman ✦<br />
Marie-Line Sephocle<br />
Peter F. Taylor<br />
John F. Tent ◊<br />
Oksana L. Tiedt<br />
Justin C. Tyson<br />
2000: 9%<br />
Anne P. Alikonis<br />
Anne E. Andreassen ✦<br />
Irakli Burdiladze ✦<br />
Sarah P. Colon ◊<br />
Lorenzo Costantino<br />
Robert Creveling<br />
Eric Doviak<br />
Antoine R. Duvauchelle<br />
Stefano Frascani ✦<br />
Margaret H. Frondorf ✦<br />
Rachele Gianfranchi<br />
Anne Hassberger<br />
Kimberly R. Hill ◊<br />
Tariq Husain ◊<br />
Alexander C. Ruck Keene ◊<br />
Molly A. Kress<br />
Brian Landan ✦<br />
Lei Liu ◊<br />
John M. McInnis<br />
Eric T. Morhenn<br />
Mary R. Nash ◊<br />
Clay B. Resnick<br />
Catherine A. Tilford<br />
Olga L. Weber<br />
Andrew T. Wendling<br />
Henrik L. Weng<br />
Jennifer L. Weng<br />
2001: 9%<br />
Beverly F. Barrett<br />
J. Michael Barrett ✦<br />
Jasmin Chakeri<br />
Vincent Cipollone ✦<br />
Tryfan Evans ✦<br />
Claudio H. Felix<br />
Vanessa Friedman<br />
Sampriti J. Ganguli ✦<br />
Jeffrey P. George ✦<br />
Jennifer E. Hart<br />
Jostein Hoel<br />
Thea Jokhadze<br />
Christina Leb<br />
Nishaya Mangklapruk ✦<br />
Zeynep Kudatgobilik<br />
Meilman<br />
Khanh N. Phan ✦<br />
William F. Pompa Jr.<br />
Danica R. Starks<br />
Janice M. Starzyk<br />
Jonathan Starzyk<br />
Richard P. Stetson<br />
Blake Thorkelson<br />
Carina K. Van Vliet ◊<br />
Timothy M. Wickham<br />
2002: 17%<br />
Andre Aasrud ◊<br />
Patrick W. Bernstein<br />
Michael F. Brennan<br />
Jane M. Buchanan<br />
Caroline M. Burgess<br />
Karin J. Churchey<br />
Christa Clapp ◊<br />
William A. Clifford<br />
Hans R. Davies<br />
Josafat De Luna-Martinez<br />
Jessica A. Dodson ✦<br />
Paul R. Dozier<br />
Niclas During<br />
Gianluca Esposito<br />
Joy L. Frey<br />
Jesse Friedlander<br />
Samantha P. Davis Goldstone<br />
Kristin Greene<br />
Danya Greenfield<br />
Joanne Grossi<br />
Pepijn M. Helgers<br />
Daniel E. Ingber ◊<br />
Rachel Jarpe ◊<br />
Natasha Kapil<br />
George Kikvadze ✦<br />
Yoonhee Kim<br />
Shari L. Knoerzer<br />
Gregory S. Leong<br />
Jeremy Levine ✦<br />
Reuben M. Loewen ✦<br />
Rosalie P. Loewen ✦<br />
Johanna Lundberg<br />
Katherine Maloney ✦<br />
Mariana Manus<br />
Mayagozel Meredova ✦<br />
William S. Moore<br />
Christine A. Morfit ◊<br />
Victoria A. Nestor
Tuyen D. Nguyen ✦<br />
James D. O’Connor<br />
Luisa Palacios<br />
Kirsten M. Park<br />
David Peters<br />
Scott J. Pietan<br />
Fernando Ramirez<br />
Verena Ringler<br />
Tom Ro ✦<br />
Mimi Rumpeltin<br />
Ana Carolina San Martin<br />
David G. Schacht ✦<br />
Eminee E. Serter<br />
Asmaa Shalabi<br />
William Shield<br />
Kyle B. Stelma<br />
Adrienne M. Stone<br />
Jennifer P. Stork<br />
Elyse K. Stratton<br />
Eric Sundstrom<br />
David Vannier<br />
Martin G. Von Jungenfeld<br />
Christopher J. Wild<br />
Matthew P. Windrum<br />
2003: 9%<br />
Dagvin R. Anderson<br />
Armando Anfosso ✦<br />
Amelia F. Branczik<br />
Stephen R. Citarella<br />
Amanda L. Douglas<br />
Amanda Galton<br />
Laurie R. Goodman<br />
Ariel F. Ivanier<br />
Amber Rutland Jangha<br />
Robert F. Jenney<br />
Andrew W. Jones ◊<br />
Ah-Young Kim<br />
Deborah R. King<br />
Charalambos Konstantinidis<br />
Alla Kruglyak<br />
Afsheen Lebastchi<br />
Kristen M. Malinconico ◊<br />
Bruce Marsh<br />
Akiko P. Oncken ◊<br />
Evelyn W. Rumpeltin<br />
Seth M. Seifman<br />
John A. Somers<br />
Kevin Z. Thurston<br />
Makiko Toyoda<br />
Ye Min Tun<br />
Stefanie Weitz<br />
Melody O. Woolford ✦<br />
Jennifer Yang<br />
Matthew A. Zalosh ◊<br />
2004: 15%<br />
Ani M. Ahn<br />
Jennifer C. Arnold<br />
William O. Austin<br />
Marion P. Barker<br />
John O. Boochever ✦<br />
Edward W. Burnett<br />
L. Headley Butler ◊ ✦<br />
Carrie E. Callaghan<br />
Douglas H. Campbell ◊<br />
Alvin A. Carlos<br />
Charles C. Carter<br />
Elizabeth Case<br />
Sander K. Cohan<br />
Michelle L. Cohen<br />
Katherine S. Coleman<br />
Roman Didenko<br />
Jacquelyn M. Dille<br />
Gregor C. Feige<br />
Todd W. Fields<br />
Pichaya Fitts<br />
Thomas C. Flynn<br />
Blair Glencorse<br />
Johan Gott<br />
Julie D. Hackett<br />
Taskeen Hamidullah-Bahl<br />
Katherine Hill<br />
Michael E. Holscher<br />
Jessica M. Holzer<br />
Anqian Huang<br />
Caitlin Hughes<br />
Catherine P. Jones<br />
Eleanor T. Keppelman<br />
Mary E. Kissel<br />
Yoko Kitano<br />
Robert Murray<br />
Andrew T. Natenshon<br />
Thomas B. Nath ◊<br />
Caryn A. Nesmith<br />
Peter F. O’Brien ✦<br />
Benjamin Orbach<br />
Laura M. Peterson<br />
Grant E. Rissler<br />
Rachel Rochat ◊<br />
Nathan O. Simon ◊<br />
Jeremy B. Thompson<br />
Pier D. Tortola<br />
Sheila R. Ward<br />
Florence H. Wilson<br />
Jeffrey A. Zahka<br />
2005: 11%<br />
Greg Anderson<br />
Christina V. Balis<br />
Taryn B. Barkman<br />
Leo P. Buzzerio<br />
Pavlo Chernyshenko<br />
Alice B. Cheung<br />
Sin-Chang Chiu<br />
Myung H. Chung<br />
David R. Ciulla<br />
Lawrence Connell<br />
Azish Filabi<br />
Joost Gorter<br />
Lily L. Han<br />
Brooke J. Harris ✦<br />
Laurence E. Hirsch ◊ ✦<br />
Joshua L. Hirschel<br />
John E. Howbert<br />
Matthew D. Hughart<br />
Malaika M. Jeter<br />
Eirin Kallestad<br />
Sylvia S. Kane<br />
Mara E. Karlin<br />
Moritz Koch<br />
Maia K. Linask<br />
Alexandra C. Lonergan<br />
Matthew W. Maloney ✦<br />
David M. Moore<br />
Sarah Murphy<br />
Victor M. Oviedo<br />
Marc A. Parich<br />
Pornprom Petklai<br />
Manolis R. Priniotakis<br />
Benjamin L. Randol<br />
Alfred B. Ruel<br />
Jesse S. Sanders<br />
Ravi A. Satkalmi<br />
Marc Schleifer<br />
Elizabeth D. Shortino<br />
Richard Sloane<br />
Holly M. Smith<br />
Matthew E. Tocks ◊ ✦<br />
Richard L. Voliva III<br />
Erika S. Weisbrod<br />
Kevin D. Widlansky ✦<br />
Suzanne K. Wong<br />
Thomas T. Wong<br />
2006: 11%<br />
Natalie G. Ahn<br />
Ole E. Andreassen ✦<br />
Geoffrey A. August<br />
Anirbinna T. Bagchi<br />
Martin Bes<br />
Jane E. Bloom<br />
Bettina Boekle-Giuffrida<br />
Marta Bruska<br />
Mey Bulgurlu ✦<br />
Bryan K. Chapman<br />
Sladjana Cosic<br />
John F. Crawford<br />
Tam T. Dang<br />
Hester M. DeCasper<br />
John M. Denton III<br />
Jennifer J. Derstine<br />
Jonathan S. Dunn<br />
Joanna H. Ganson<br />
Stephen Grenier ◊<br />
Armine Guledjian<br />
Steven W. Kerrigan<br />
Caitlyn H. Kim<br />
Christopher M. Kuzmuk<br />
Kenneth M. Lam<br />
Kahlil Lozoraitis<br />
Christopher W. Maletz<br />
Cynthia A. Marks<br />
Daniel J. McCartney<br />
Adam N. Mendelson<br />
Ryan B. Ong ◊<br />
Linhua Pan<br />
Pablo Pardo<br />
Anna W. Ravvin<br />
Steven M. Riccardi<br />
Raquel R. Silva<br />
Michael D. Waldron<br />
Briana N. Wilson<br />
Joanna L. Wintrol<br />
2007: 13%<br />
Mirentxu V. Arrivillaga<br />
Catherine E. Bateman<br />
Sarina Beges ✦<br />
Daniel E. Birns<br />
Donna M. Brutkoski<br />
Alejandra Cervantes-Paras<br />
Jeffrey Chiang<br />
Amy E. Cloud ◊<br />
Matthew W. Cummins<br />
Karsten F. Daponte ◊<br />
Anthony J. Diaz<br />
Elizabeth C. Edmondson<br />
Acquania V. Escarne<br />
Adriana R. Fotino<br />
THANK YoU ... THANK YoU<br />
Hildy Simmons of the Freeman Foundation talked<br />
about the $1 million gift the foundation made in<br />
honor of <strong>SAIS</strong> alumnus R. Kendall Nottingham ’65 at<br />
the annual Fellowship Reception in February 2011.<br />
Sarah Glendon<br />
Peter G. Hart<br />
Paul Hastert<br />
Diana Hristova<br />
Eric S. Jaffe<br />
Andrew L. Kamons<br />
Fatima B. Kassam<br />
Erica L. Kaster ◊<br />
Jonathan G. Ketzner<br />
Christoph Koettl<br />
Daniel J. Lecce ◊<br />
Morgan B. Lewis<br />
Jay B. Lurie<br />
Joshua A. Marks<br />
Lauren S. McIntyre<br />
Grace P. Morgan<br />
Ivan E. Nuñez<br />
Hiroaki Oe<br />
Ian N. Parker<br />
Josselin Phan ◊<br />
Katherine J. Phillips<br />
Andrew T. Plieninger<br />
Jonathan P. Raviv<br />
Mark Reeve<br />
Melissa A. Rekas<br />
Kevin J. Riley<br />
Jennifer R. Rosenthal<br />
Junko Saito<br />
Erin E. Schenck<br />
Oriana R. Scherr<br />
Sarah E. Shapiro<br />
Shivangi Shrivastava ◊<br />
Cenk Sidar<br />
Casey C. Silva<br />
Liam L. Sullivan<br />
Jennifer G. Tranter<br />
Matteo Vaccani<br />
Partha Vasudev<br />
David M. Whitelaw ◊<br />
Holger P. Wilms ◊<br />
2008: 19%<br />
Lisa Sofia Alf<br />
Christine M. Arriola<br />
Tania Askins<br />
Rachel A. Bahn<br />
Jessica D. Baker<br />
Alec D. Barker<br />
Michelle L. Battat<br />
David Beffert<br />
Pierre Berard<br />
David Bowers<br />
Mark C. Brininstool<br />
Frances Z. Brown<br />
Alton V. Buland<br />
Scott M. Cantor<br />
Maria C. Carter<br />
Wendy L. Chan<br />
Sue Y. Chi<br />
Joseph F. Connelly III<br />
Nicholas D. Cortezi ✦<br />
Nadav Davidai<br />
George De La Roche<br />
Laura Demetris<br />
Andrew W. Duff<br />
Christopher J. Forster<br />
Holly M. Freedman<br />
Laura E. Freschi<br />
Cynthia Gears<br />
Patrick C. Gilman<br />
Karen M. Goldfarb<br />
Timothy M. Hess<br />
Michael Heydt<br />
Marcus E. Holmlund<br />
Emily S. Howells<br />
Yongyong Ji<br />
Plamen R. Kaloyanchev<br />
John D. Kenkel<br />
Kevin Kiernan<br />
Stephen M. Kiingi<br />
Murali M. Krishnan<br />
Dana Kupersmith<br />
Abigail C. Lackman<br />
Magda Lakhani<br />
Sheng Li<br />
2011–2012 117
Gary Loberg<br />
Alex M. Lok<br />
Arthur R. Lord<br />
Janine Mans<br />
Arash A. Massoudi<br />
Janak Mayer<br />
Kimberly McClain<br />
Boris Melnikov<br />
Christopher W. Meyer<br />
David G. Michaels<br />
Laura K. Muller<br />
Asako Nakao<br />
Elizabeth A. Nicoletti<br />
Lillian Norton<br />
Jang Ho Park<br />
Alexander J. Pascal<br />
Gabriel Pierard<br />
Philip J. Reiner<br />
Courtney M. Rickert<br />
Nathanial L. Rosenblatt<br />
Aaron Roth<br />
Sarah C. Rotman<br />
Alexander T. Ryan<br />
Aaron Sadusky<br />
Benjamin E. Schwartz<br />
Shin S. Shoji<br />
Jeanne C. Simon<br />
Allyson Slater ✦<br />
Elanor M. Sohnen<br />
Jonathan F. Taylor<br />
Kyle Teamey<br />
Nancy N. Tran<br />
Michael J. Tubman<br />
Sarah B. Underwood<br />
Anna Wallace<br />
Avital Wenger<br />
Warren E. Wilhide Jr. ✦<br />
Sergio D. Zabala<br />
2009: 14%<br />
Daisuke Abe<br />
Nathaniel P. Adams<br />
Pinsuda Alexander<br />
Kenneth N. Anye<br />
Scott M. Asack<br />
Inga H. Beie<br />
Umberto Boeri<br />
Michael A. Bogdan<br />
Sarah A. Bolka<br />
Ross S. Campbell<br />
Michael W. Casey Jr.<br />
Filippo Chiesa<br />
Jason S. Cohen<br />
Gary Conlon<br />
Robert H. Creason<br />
Reneta M. Dimitrova<br />
Anton Dolgopolov<br />
Rachel E. Dunsmoor<br />
Fadi Elsalameen<br />
Katherine M. Forsyth<br />
Ryan Gage<br />
Aart J. Geens<br />
Pablo A. Gonzalez<br />
Elizabeth I. Hallinan ✦<br />
Emily Harter<br />
Ana C. Heeren<br />
Roger D. Heinken<br />
Peter C. Hennessy<br />
Dara J. Iserson<br />
Todd M. Johnson<br />
*Deceased ◊ Five-Year Consistent Donor ✦ Christian Herter Society Member<br />
118 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
Adam K. Kettler<br />
Benjamin E. Krause ✦<br />
Chris J. Kucharski<br />
Sumir Lal<br />
Richard Lechowick<br />
Jeanny L. Lee<br />
Caroline R. Levington<br />
Victor D. Malca<br />
Michael Marriott<br />
Robert A. Miller<br />
Chad G. Miner<br />
Daniel A. Morris<br />
Jessica R. Morrison<br />
Henry G. Nuzum<br />
Adam M. Pechter<br />
Ronald Roach<br />
Carla Rojas<br />
Enrico Saltarelli<br />
Vera M. Sevrouk<br />
Anjali Sharan<br />
Pablo Thaler<br />
John F. Thorne<br />
Terence M. Toland<br />
Daniel E. Vecchi<br />
Ariella R. Viehe<br />
Kimberly R. Wattrick<br />
Alan R. Williford<br />
Victoria W. Wilson<br />
Jason H. Ye<br />
Benjamin D. Zinner<br />
Irene Zissimos<br />
Matthew Zlatnick<br />
2010: 11%<br />
Paul F. Alois<br />
Christopher E. Angell<br />
Daniel Balson<br />
Rachel W. Beach<br />
Richard E. Braakenburg<br />
Edward F. Branagan<br />
Jonathan W. Burks<br />
George R. Cahlik<br />
Elizabeth S. Cairns<br />
Kevin W. Carr<br />
Katherine A. Carson<br />
David R. Coffin<br />
Kevin W. Cross<br />
Lorenz Gollwitzer<br />
Paul Gomez<br />
Astrid R. Haas<br />
Halliday E. Hart<br />
Philipp E. Hochreiter<br />
Jamie W. Huckabay<br />
Suna Karakas<br />
Edward M. Kenney<br />
Susan P. Keppelman<br />
Dave Kidney<br />
Mark Konold<br />
Adam C. Kotkin<br />
Branislav Kralik<br />
Harrison T. Kurtz<br />
Herbert E. LePlatt<br />
Jill Macari<br />
Michael W. Manetta<br />
Merrill W. McDermott<br />
James H. McInerney<br />
Meghan E. Mercier<br />
Tracy Meyer<br />
Sebastian Muehlbauer<br />
Michael J. Murphy ✦<br />
Shannon L. O’Pray<br />
Anayo Osueke<br />
Koustubh Parulekar<br />
Daniel J. Pescatore<br />
Brian J. Prior<br />
David J. Rose<br />
Jean Rose<br />
Sarah E. Rowland<br />
Momoko Sato<br />
Gabriel A. Serrato<br />
Nadine K. Szablya<br />
Taylor C. Tinney<br />
Susann Tischendorf<br />
Kathleen Tse<br />
William P. Upshur<br />
Joshua Yau<br />
2011: 44%<br />
Scott Abrahams<br />
Spencer A. Abruzzese ◊<br />
Caroline Adenberger<br />
Alicia E. Adkins<br />
Maysam Ali<br />
Clare Allenson<br />
Sarah Austrin-Willis<br />
Caldwell Bailey<br />
Analisa R. Bala<br />
Jessica L. Bartos<br />
Alexis Below<br />
Kristin G. Beyard<br />
Thomas V. Bowen<br />
Ryan Brier<br />
Benjamin Bryan<br />
Travis Bryan<br />
Meghan Burland<br />
Stephen A. Byeff<br />
Geoffroy Cailloux<br />
Cordelia A. Chestnutt<br />
Bhavana Chilukuri<br />
Tiffany Chow<br />
Beau Cleland<br />
Lauren G. Cohen<br />
Whitney C. Cox<br />
Emilee M. Deutchman<br />
Izumi Devalier<br />
Brandon R. Dorman<br />
Stephen Doyle<br />
Kami Dozier<br />
Stephanie Eder<br />
Elizabeth Eiseman<br />
Hayat Essakkati<br />
Sarah Farnham<br />
Iris A. Ferguson<br />
Nikolay Filchev<br />
Nicole Firment<br />
Patrick W. Flanagan<br />
George S. Fleeson<br />
Meredith M. Gaffney<br />
Benjamin Gedan<br />
Yinuo Geng<br />
Karin Grabner<br />
Jarret Guajardo<br />
Nathan Hansen<br />
Mark Hanson<br />
Elizabeth T. Harrington<br />
Allison R. Hart<br />
Sean Healey<br />
Sarah E. Hexter<br />
Liesl K. Himmelberger<br />
Travis Hobbs<br />
Evan Hume<br />
Seiya Ishikawa<br />
Vassilena P. Ivanova<br />
John W. Jacobsen<br />
Kari L. Jaksa<br />
Cara Jones<br />
Theodore Kahn<br />
George P. Kalantzakis<br />
Joan Kato<br />
Daniel Z. Katz<br />
Mary R. Keller<br />
Jehan Khaleeli<br />
Tanya Konidaris ✦<br />
Kinga Krisko<br />
Lindsay A. La Forge<br />
Alexander J. Lanfried<br />
Tatia Lemondzhava<br />
James J. Lerch<br />
Rebekah E. Lipsky<br />
Nicolas Lizop<br />
Cara L. LoFaro<br />
Arif S. Lokhandwala<br />
Sophie Lu<br />
Philipp D. Lustenberger<br />
Robyn Wai Lim Mak<br />
Anthony Mansell<br />
Lani L. Marsden<br />
Antonio Martinez<br />
Peter G. McConaghy<br />
Emily McLeod<br />
Emily Rose McRae<br />
Andrew F. Meaux<br />
Emily Mendrala<br />
Maximilian L. Meran<br />
Karen K. Miller<br />
John Moran<br />
Christopher Morrill<br />
Catherine E. Morris<br />
Sebastian Morvan<br />
Maiko Nakagaki<br />
Dina Nawas<br />
Joshua R. Nickell<br />
Yuki Nishida<br />
Monika Noniewicz<br />
Marguerite A. Nowak<br />
Margaret O’Connor<br />
Daniel Palazov<br />
Kristen Pappas<br />
Kirsten Pfeiffer<br />
Steven A. Phillips<br />
Janelle Poldy<br />
Mridula S. Ramdarshan<br />
Elisabeth Resch ✦<br />
Jeremy Reyes<br />
Marcel V. Ricou<br />
Ashley Rogers<br />
Alicia M. Romano<br />
Theodros S. Roux<br />
Valentina Savioli<br />
Julia R. Schiff<br />
Daniel M. Schneiderman<br />
Vincent E. Schoeck Jr.<br />
Thilo M. Schroeter<br />
Davide Scigliuzzo<br />
Monica Sendor<br />
Jamie Shellenberger<br />
Ravi Singh<br />
Alexander J. Skinner<br />
Edward Slavis<br />
Raghavan Srinivasan<br />
Boyan Stanoev<br />
Michael Stanton-Geddes<br />
Moran Stern<br />
Meredith S. Street<br />
Raquel O. Tagarro<br />
Ehab Tawfik<br />
Antonio Timoner-Salvá<br />
William R. Torrey<br />
Mikela N.F. Trigilio<br />
Vinay S. Tripathi<br />
Robert van Eerd<br />
Angela R. Vannucci<br />
Brain J. Vasek ✦<br />
Karina Veras<br />
Stephan Vitvitsky<br />
Jonathan C. Vogan<br />
Timo von Koeningsmarck<br />
Abby E. Wakefield<br />
Mia Warner<br />
Andrew A. Whitworth<br />
Carmencita N.M. Whonder ✦<br />
Tina Wong<br />
Aaron A. Young<br />
Selma Zahirovic<br />
Kenneth D. Zoeller<br />
Bologna alumni<br />
Bologna Class of 1956<br />
Françoise Desmasures-Monat<br />
Joseph M. Dukert ◊ ✦<br />
Alton L. Jenkens<br />
Gianguido Lanzoni<br />
Mary Lee L. McIntyre<br />
Eva Haas Meigher ◊ ✦<br />
Hans W. Schoenberg *<br />
Robert D. Ward<br />
Bologna Class of 1957<br />
Reinhold H. Geimer ✦<br />
Anton Konrad<br />
Howard H. Muson<br />
Claude C. Noyes<br />
Marco Piccarolo ✦<br />
Gaetano Zucconi ◊<br />
Bologna Class of 1958<br />
Paul J. Glasoe<br />
David B. Hoffman<br />
Marianne B. Kilby<br />
Eugene J. Rosi<br />
Lucille A. Stephenson<br />
Joan S. Ward ◊ ✦<br />
Bologna Class of 1959<br />
Peter F. Geithner ◊<br />
Robert S. Ginsburg ✦<br />
Francis M. Kinnelly<br />
John A. Rava<br />
Marilou M. Righini<br />
Bologna Class of 1960<br />
Marc Bayot<br />
Robert L. Chamberlain<br />
Ludmilla K. Murphy<br />
Barbara C. Santoro<br />
Raffaele Santoro<br />
Robert van Straaten<br />
Robert S. Wood
Bologna Class of 1961<br />
Alexander J. De Grand<br />
T. Richard Fishbein<br />
Carmine Gorga ◊<br />
Orlando D. Martino ✦<br />
Hans Reichelt<br />
Barbara Z. Wertheimer ◊ ✦<br />
Bologna Class of 1962<br />
Katherine S. Batts<br />
Clarke N. Ellis ◊<br />
Juergen Glueckert ✦<br />
Brooke C. Holmes<br />
Klaus-Peter Wild<br />
Bologna Class of 1963<br />
Evert A. Alkema<br />
James A. Berezin<br />
Ellen G. Cole ◊<br />
Henner Ehringhaus ✦<br />
Daniel R. Headrick<br />
Stephen O. Lesser ◊ ✦<br />
Andrew MacKechnie ◊ ✦<br />
Robert K. Meahl ✦<br />
Axel M. Neubohn ◊ ✦<br />
Naneen H. Neubohn ◊ ✦<br />
William P. Owen<br />
Anna L. Pellanda<br />
Bologna Class of 1964<br />
Richard J. Bentley<br />
Robert C. Carr ✦<br />
Bart S. Fisher<br />
Robert W. Hull<br />
L. Brewster Jackson II<br />
Don K. Jones<br />
John J. Kadilis<br />
Marjorie W. Lundy ◊<br />
Robert L. Mott ◊<br />
Peter R. Pearce ✦<br />
Francesco Pettini<br />
Robert F. Vandenplas ✦<br />
Herman Warnier<br />
Jack G. Wasserman ◊ ✦<br />
Anne C. Webb<br />
Bologna Class of 1965<br />
Dorothy J. Black<br />
Joan Ellen Corbett<br />
Herwig J. Cornelis<br />
Herbert Geissler<br />
Sung H. Hahm<br />
Klaus Leven<br />
Roger Lowenstein<br />
J. Hugh McFadden<br />
Francois L. Meinier<br />
Heinz Opelz<br />
Merle B. Opelz ◊<br />
Erich Spitaeller ✦<br />
Herbert Traxl<br />
Denise Van Hentenrijik<br />
Bologna Class of 1966<br />
Bonita B. Furner ◊ ✦<br />
Richard Gilmore ◊ ✦<br />
Janice L. Goertz<br />
Allan M. Groves<br />
Craig L. Hudson<br />
H. Richard Hurren<br />
Richard J. Jones<br />
Bastiaan R. Korner<br />
Wolfgang Mayer<br />
John E. McLaughlin ◊ ✦<br />
Christopher Meyer<br />
Marilyn A. Meyers ◊<br />
Edward L. Morse ✦<br />
Arthur D. Neiman<br />
Stephen Rosenberg<br />
Peter P. Schwarz<br />
Drury R. Sherrod III ◊ ✦<br />
Pedro N. Solares<br />
M. John Storey<br />
Candace J. Sullivan<br />
Samuel C. Townsend<br />
Henricus Van der Vlugt ◊<br />
Ann M. Watkins ◊<br />
Bologna Class of 1967<br />
Charles S. Ahlgren<br />
Paul J. Avontroodt<br />
Willem A. Castelyns<br />
Richard E. Cohn<br />
Theodore A. Delvoie<br />
Peter A. Flaherty ◊ ✦<br />
George M. Ingram Jr.<br />
Anne D. Jillson<br />
Margaret C. Jones ◊<br />
Allen L. Keiswetter<br />
John F. Kordek ◊<br />
Bruno Lafuma<br />
Lynne F. Lambert ✦<br />
W. Alan Messer<br />
Alan A. Platt ✦<br />
Sally A. Shelton-Colby ◊ ✦<br />
Richard H. Stollenwerck ◊<br />
Roberto Toscano<br />
Bonnie S. Wilson ◊ ✦<br />
Bologna Class of 1968<br />
Dennis J. Amato ◊ ✦<br />
Peter C. Bloch ✦<br />
Sheppard Craige ✦<br />
Warren J. Devalier ✦<br />
Gunter Erker<br />
Keith A. Hansen ✦<br />
Patrick H. Harper ✦<br />
Jacqueline L. Hengl ✦<br />
Kurt O. Hengl ✦<br />
Stephen F. Hopkins<br />
John D. Isaacs ◊<br />
Karin Lissakers<br />
D. Thomas Longo Jr. ✦<br />
Frank J. Piason<br />
James F. Rafferty<br />
Andres Rigo-Sureda<br />
Laurence Schloesing-<br />
Colchester ✦<br />
Eric H. Smith<br />
Marcellus S. Snow<br />
Lazare Tannenbaum<br />
Bologna Class of 1969<br />
Leonardo Baroncelli<br />
Georgia S. Derrico ✦<br />
Olga Grkavac ◊ ✦<br />
Constance M. Hope<br />
Judith A. Ripps<br />
Herbert Traxler<br />
Carlo Trezza<br />
Bologna Class of 1970<br />
Raymond V. Arnaudo<br />
Dorie G. Behrstock<br />
Mary W. Chaves<br />
Barry Cohen<br />
John R. Cooper ◊ ✦<br />
George L. Deyman<br />
Monica Gruder Drake<br />
Christine B. Giangreco<br />
Paul-Marie Jacques<br />
Alice G. Kelley<br />
Mark R. Kushner<br />
Douglas W. Lister<br />
Jurgen H. Ranzmayer<br />
Aldo Siragusa<br />
Cynthia P. Sonstelie ◊<br />
Bologna Class of 1971<br />
Samir R. Abiad<br />
Ulrich R. Baumgartner ✦<br />
Andrew R. Brackenbury ✦<br />
William B. Broydick<br />
Judith A. Chubb<br />
David Ellwood ◊ ✦<br />
Richard W. Erdman<br />
Henriette C. Feltham ✦<br />
Heidrun-Ute Hesse-Tincani ✦<br />
Robert S. Hyams<br />
Peter Kessler ✦<br />
Susan F. Kessler ✦<br />
Eric J. Lapp<br />
Charla McCracken ◊<br />
Elizabeth D. McKune<br />
Eric D. Melby ◊ ✦<br />
Ellen K. Moran ◊ ✦<br />
Raymond Purcell ✦<br />
Daniel Rowland ✦<br />
Eve D. Trezza<br />
J. Michael Willingham ◊ ✦<br />
Sherman B. Wilson ✦<br />
Bologna Class of 1972<br />
Franklin M. Berger ✦<br />
Richard J. Caples ◊<br />
Daria M. dePierre-Hollowell<br />
Linda S. Hearne<br />
Douglas R. Norell<br />
Arturo M. Ottolenghi<br />
Charles C. Parlin<br />
Bonnie Potter<br />
Amos Tincani ✦<br />
Geert E. Van Brandt<br />
James V. Zimmerman ◊<br />
Hanns Zoellner<br />
Bologna Class of 1973<br />
Henry R. Berghoef ✦<br />
David J. Brooke<br />
Karen S. Brown ◊<br />
Theresa M. Chen ◊<br />
Donald J. Hasfurther<br />
Bianca Lattuada<br />
Edouard Maciejewski ✦<br />
David A. Olive ◊ ✦<br />
Rozanne D. Oliver ✦<br />
Francis F. Ruzicka<br />
John D. Semida<br />
Alan B. Sielen<br />
Bruce E. Stokes<br />
Joseph Vogten<br />
THANK YoU ... THANK YoU<br />
Professor Michael Mandelbaum and New York Times<br />
columnist Thomas L. Friedman, co-authors of That<br />
Used to Be Us, signed copies of their book after an<br />
event in September.<br />
Bologna Class of 1974<br />
William L. Barkas ◊<br />
Ruben M. Barth<br />
Robert S. Dean<br />
Alan A. Foley ◊<br />
John D. Hoppe ◊<br />
Michael B. Jones<br />
Valentina Jones-Wagner<br />
Lloyd S. Kaufman ◊<br />
Alan Konefsky ◊<br />
Marsha R. Runningen<br />
Elizabeth C. Seastrum ◊<br />
Peter L. Tropper<br />
Sandra J. Tropper<br />
Lee Walker<br />
Bologna Class of 1975<br />
Veronica Baruffati<br />
Joyce Bratich-Cherif<br />
Elizabeth I. Combier<br />
Hareb M. Al-Darmaki ✦<br />
Steven A. Dimoff<br />
Pamela B. Gavin ◊<br />
Robert W. Jenkins<br />
Bologna Class of 1976<br />
Katharine M. Hartley<br />
Deborah A. Lamb ◊<br />
Anne E. McLaughlin-Gore<br />
Renzo M. Morresi<br />
Christopher S. Pfaff ◊<br />
Judith B. Prowda<br />
Jeffrey M. Ranney<br />
Jonathan L. Schneider ✦<br />
Bologna Class of 1977<br />
Constantijn Bakker<br />
Linda H. Collins<br />
Christof Ebersberg ✦<br />
Javier Ergueta<br />
Mark J. Fidelman<br />
Bennet R. Goldberg ✦<br />
David L. Haettenschwiller<br />
Clare M. Munana ✦<br />
Gregory V. Powell ◊<br />
Bologna Class of 1978<br />
Cesare Calari ✦<br />
Alain L. Grisay<br />
Jennifer Innes<br />
Daniel S. Lipman ◊ ✦<br />
Ronald K. Lorentzen ◊<br />
Marsha M. Olive ◊ ✦<br />
Patrick B. Pexton<br />
John B. Rand<br />
Stephen E. Stambaugh<br />
Gordon C. Vieth ✦<br />
Bologna Class of 1979<br />
Barbara J. Calvert ◊<br />
T.J. Gardeniers ✦<br />
Noah R. Levy ◊<br />
Claire R. Palmer<br />
Thomas J. Row Jr. ✦<br />
Rosina Salerno<br />
Harlan M. Sender<br />
Hilda H. Tsang<br />
Bologna Class of 1980<br />
Leonard F. Besselink<br />
Peggy A. Clarke<br />
Anne K. Cusick<br />
Janet G. Francisco ◊<br />
William S. Grueskin<br />
Thomas K. Hanshaw ◊<br />
Lawrence Y. Kay ◊ ✦<br />
Geraldine P. Kelly ✦<br />
Mary L. Mortensen ✦<br />
Karin S. Rindal<br />
Wendy L. Roehrich-Hall<br />
Lars C. Rosdahl<br />
Hans-Markus Von Schnurbein<br />
Christa L. Thomas ✦<br />
Martin Westlake<br />
Bologna Class of 1981<br />
James Anderson ✦<br />
Alexei R. Bayer<br />
Bernard T. Carreau<br />
Michael L. Ellis ◊<br />
Mark E. Goebel<br />
Robert O. Gurman ✦<br />
Roger K. Hardon ◊ ✦<br />
2011–2012 119
John B. Ivie<br />
Carol Ann M. Kenny<br />
Dean E. Murphy<br />
Kathleen M. Pike<br />
Gianni W. Sellers ◊ ✦<br />
Louis C. Solimine<br />
Bart Stevens<br />
Hasan F. Teoman ✦<br />
Thomas B. Tesluk ◊ ✦<br />
Kay A. Wilkie<br />
Bologna Class of 1982<br />
Ann M. Beckman<br />
Michael C. Bergmeijer<br />
Alexander A. Biner ✦<br />
James T. Dunne<br />
Frances Gawel ◊<br />
Arlene E. Glotzer<br />
Jean A. Kelly<br />
Jean S. Luning-Johnson<br />
Morgan T. McGrath ✦<br />
Jeffrey W. Mullaney<br />
Brenda W. Newmann<br />
Ann F. Pean<br />
Harold J. Rose ◊<br />
John D. Rosin ◊<br />
Lisa R. Sytsma ◊<br />
Erika B. Teoman ✦<br />
Brian C. Tobin<br />
Bologna Class of 1983<br />
Gregory S. Betsinger<br />
Patricia C. Carey<br />
Martin E. Fraenkel ✦<br />
Richard P. Gildea<br />
Brad F. Glosserman<br />
Joseph Guadagno<br />
Thomas Jetter ✦<br />
Cory T. Lefkowitz<br />
Charlie Rast<br />
Catherine L. Shimony<br />
Arthur N. Stern ◊<br />
Ingrid Valentini-Wanka<br />
Christopher Yurkovsky ◊<br />
Bologna Class of 1984<br />
Lawrence R. Fioretta<br />
Laura L. Guimond<br />
Jesper J. Koll ✦<br />
Yoon-Young Lee<br />
Godelieve J. Lowet ✦<br />
Bruce A. Lowry<br />
Bruce W. Morrison<br />
Shelley H. Richardson<br />
Bologna Class of 1985<br />
Sandra L. Babcock<br />
Gwen A. Bondi ◊ ✦<br />
Michael Braswell<br />
Marco Dell’Aquila ◊ ✦<br />
Anne W. Erni ✦<br />
Victoria M. Griffith<br />
Craig S. Hevey<br />
Alan R. Henning ✦<br />
Alan R. Hoffman<br />
Nils Johnson<br />
Michelle D. Onello<br />
Rhys W. Robinson<br />
Barbara A. Salvatore<br />
Francis M. Smyth<br />
*Deceased ◊ Five-Year Consistent Donor ✦ Christian Herter Society Member<br />
120 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
Matthew C. Sola ✦<br />
Susanne M. Thore ✦<br />
Sarah E. Veale<br />
Hans W. Vriens ✦<br />
Bologna Class of 1986<br />
Amy M. Bliss<br />
Peter A. Burbank<br />
Sally Dore<br />
Carollyne Hutter<br />
Suzanne Justus<br />
Melissa G. Moye ✦<br />
Dennis L. Richards ◊<br />
Charlotte A. Ruhe<br />
Kristina Segulja<br />
Alison M. Von Klemperer ✦<br />
Harrison M. Wadsworth III<br />
Rebecca S. Williams ◊ ✦<br />
Rhys H. Williams ◊ ✦<br />
Bologna Class of 1987<br />
Lynda K. Barrow<br />
Michael S. Bosco ✦<br />
Nicholas D. Cortezi ✦<br />
Rachel A. de la Vega<br />
Kim E. DiDonato-Murrell<br />
Joachim Fels ✦<br />
Brian Z. Gelfand<br />
Jan H. Keppler<br />
Rosa Kim<br />
Philip C. Marchal<br />
Alice M. Miller<br />
John V. Parachini ✦<br />
Edmund M. Ruffin<br />
Miroslaw Stachowicz<br />
Richard M. Strean<br />
Emese Szontagh<br />
Lawrence J. Wippman ◊<br />
Bologna Class of 1988<br />
Karl-Olof Anderson<br />
Keir B. Bonine<br />
Arthur D. Boyd Jr.<br />
Margaretha A.Dehandschutter<br />
Thomas A. Goffinet<br />
Helen C. Hammerschmidt<br />
Jeannine E. Johnson-Maia<br />
Vinca S. LaFleur ◊<br />
Ann R. Pifer<br />
Helene J. Rekkers<br />
John A. Redpath ✦<br />
Christel Van den Eynden<br />
Henric J. Van Weelden ✦<br />
Anthony M. Zamparutti<br />
Bologna Class of 1989<br />
Kelle A. Bevine<br />
Susan H. Boyette<br />
Capucine Carrier ✦<br />
Pietro del Bono<br />
Leanne D. Galati<br />
Matthew R. Grund<br />
Ajay Kaisth<br />
Daniela Z. Kaisth<br />
Sarah L. Kaplan ✦<br />
Susan E. Matteucci ◊ ✦<br />
Georg Oberreiter<br />
Lesley A. Parachini ✦<br />
Yvette R. Pintar<br />
Torun Reinhammar ✦<br />
Adrian D. Trevisan ◊ ✦<br />
Judith M. van Walsum Panzar<br />
Timothy C. Yarling ◊<br />
Marta Costanzo Youth<br />
Bologna Class of 1990<br />
Ellen L. Alderton<br />
John B. Coates IV<br />
Marijan Cvjeticanin<br />
Laurence L. Delcoigne<br />
Jane C. Delfendahl ✦<br />
David E. Earling ✦<br />
Nina M. Gafni ◊<br />
Eric L. Johnson<br />
Asiye D. Jones<br />
Nathaniel I. Land<br />
Anne Martinez<br />
Tanya Mazin<br />
Kristin O. McKissick ◊<br />
Kimberly M. Murphy ◊<br />
Beth M. O'Laughlin ◊<br />
Andrea R. Petznek<br />
Sara K. Pinto<br />
Jens. A Ruyter<br />
Michaela Sulke-Trezak ✦<br />
Lynn M. Wagner<br />
Bologna Class of 1991<br />
Max S. Atanassov<br />
Miguel A. Barron<br />
Ann E. Bueche<br />
Carl W. Gardiner III<br />
Bernard D. Gold<br />
Idil H. Incekara<br />
Ali-Sevket Karaca ✦<br />
Isabelle Krauss<br />
Matthew S. Levitties<br />
Simone Mesner<br />
Marcelle F. O’Connell<br />
Paul V. Olivia<br />
Melanie A. Posey ◊<br />
Jennifer L. Reingold ✦<br />
David A. Schatsky<br />
Christian B. Smekens ✦<br />
Scott T. Stevens<br />
James A. Upton ◊ ✦<br />
Kurt G. Vandenberghe<br />
Milya Vered<br />
Bologna Class of 1992<br />
Gudmundur Audunsson<br />
Janet D. Balakian<br />
Julia G. Baumgarten-Rozek<br />
Oliver K. Drews ✦<br />
James A. Egan ◊<br />
Claudia Fumo ◊<br />
Esteban Garcia de Motiloa<br />
Charles O. Gnaedinger<br />
Elizabeth J. Goldstein ◊<br />
Christopher J. Goncalves<br />
Fatima D. Goncalves<br />
Anthony J. Harper<br />
Catherine C. Jarmain<br />
Lars V. Larson<br />
Christopher W. Loewald<br />
Kimberly D. Mahling-Clark<br />
Cynthia Marshall ◊<br />
Amy H. Medearis ◊<br />
Victoria K. Mills<br />
Terry A. Pratt<br />
Mark A. Quinn<br />
Annabel T. Sels<br />
Peter A. Thornton ◊<br />
Turgot A. Tokgoz<br />
Shin Umezu ✦<br />
Laura R. Weir ✦<br />
Bologna Class of 1993<br />
Andreas Altmann<br />
Andrew D. Balfour<br />
Stefano Bertozzi<br />
Amanda C. Blakeley<br />
Abigail Golden-Vazquez<br />
Benjamin E. Hein ✦<br />
Jan H. Panek<br />
Richard P. Price<br />
Theresa J. Rice<br />
Juliet M. Sampson<br />
Steven G. Shafer ◊<br />
Merril A. Springer<br />
Abby R. Turk ✦<br />
David B. Van Oppen<br />
Cynthia J. Wellington<br />
Bologna Class of 1994<br />
Calvin E. Blount Jr.<br />
D. Cole Frates ✦<br />
Carl E. Garrett ◊<br />
Susannah L. Gold<br />
Nathalie Goujon<br />
Andriana C. Gradea<br />
Monica N. Hertzman<br />
Carrie C. Hitt ✦<br />
Julia H. Messitte<br />
Matthew A. Scott-Hansen<br />
Martin C. Spicer<br />
Bologna Class of 1995<br />
Eden Abrahams<br />
Katherine F. Buckley<br />
Monica Garaitonandia<br />
Sheri A. Goldenberg<br />
Raf Goovaerts ✦<br />
Virginia B. Gorsevski<br />
Jenny Hodgson<br />
Bernd-Roland Killmann<br />
Elisabeth J. King<br />
Olivier P. Knox<br />
Stephen T. Loynd<br />
Dennis J. McAuliffe Jr.<br />
Francesca Mercier<br />
Andrei Popov<br />
Benjamin P. Sessions<br />
Virginia S. Volpe ✦<br />
Bologna Class of 1996<br />
Christine L. Abrams<br />
Benjamin C. Canavan<br />
Gabriel Cardona-Fox<br />
Cory V. Gnazzo<br />
Cheryl C. Graczewski ✦<br />
Laurie M. Guzzinati<br />
Karissa T. Kovner ◊<br />
Thomas R. Palumbo<br />
Charles L. Park ✦<br />
Turriago Perez<br />
Jeffrey D. Sigal<br />
Bologna Class of 1997<br />
Caitlin D. Bergin<br />
Tara Billingsley<br />
Scott S. Bloom<br />
David G. Dayhoff<br />
Cynthia L. Greene ◊<br />
Denzel J. Hankinson<br />
William H. Houston<br />
Elizabeth Madigan Jost ◊ ✦<br />
Mary C. O’Neil ✦<br />
Juergen P. Stein<br />
Alison A. Yonas<br />
Bologna Class of 1998<br />
Guusje K. Altes<br />
Ross Ciesla<br />
Stephen M. Dorst<br />
Eric Doviak<br />
Leslie M. Hand ◊<br />
Leslie G. Hopkins<br />
Michelle N. Patron<br />
Yvette Saint-Andre<br />
Robert A. Stowe<br />
Justin C. Tyson<br />
Arlinda Ymeraj<br />
Bologna Class of 1999<br />
Anne P. Alikonis<br />
Anne E. Andreassen ✦<br />
Christina V. Balis<br />
Lorenzo Costantino<br />
Antoine R. Duvauchelle<br />
Stefano Frascani ✦<br />
Rachele Gianfranchi<br />
Anne Hassberger<br />
Alexander C. Ruck Keene<br />
Carlotta Zucchini Leonardi<br />
Eric T. Morhenn<br />
Peter F. Taylor<br />
Nadege Volcy<br />
Olga L. Weber<br />
Henrik L. Weng<br />
Jennifer L. Weng<br />
Bologna Class of 2000<br />
Beverly F. Barrett<br />
Laura E. Forlano<br />
Vanessa Friedman<br />
Kristin Greene<br />
Emily Horgan<br />
Thea Jokhadze<br />
Zeynap Kudatgobilik<br />
Meilman<br />
Christina Leb<br />
William F. Pompa Jr.<br />
Danica R. Starks<br />
Janice M. Starzyk<br />
Jonathan Starzyk<br />
Carina K. Van Vliet ◊<br />
Christopher J. Wild<br />
Bologna Class of 2001<br />
Andre Aasrud ◊<br />
Armando Anfosso ✦<br />
Amelisa F. Branczik<br />
Jane M. Buchanan<br />
Karin J. Churchey<br />
Vincent Cipollone ✦<br />
Christa Clapp ◊<br />
Josafat De Luna-Martinez
Jessica A. Dodson ✦<br />
Niclas During<br />
Mathias Eikseth<br />
Gianluca Esposito<br />
Joy L. Frey<br />
Cynthia Gears<br />
Jenny Glueckert<br />
Samantha Davis Goldstone<br />
Jostein Hoel<br />
Daniel E. Ingber ◊<br />
Natasha Kapil<br />
Yoonhee Kim<br />
Jeremy Levine ✦<br />
Johanna Lundberg<br />
Anne Mardiste<br />
Mayagozel Meredova ✦<br />
Victoria A. Nestor<br />
Yuki J. Osuga<br />
Scott J. Pietan<br />
Fernando Ramirez<br />
Verena Ringler<br />
Tom Ro ✦<br />
Matthew J. Roberts<br />
Evelyn W. Rumpeltin<br />
Ana Carolina San Martin<br />
David G. Schacht ✦<br />
Emine E. Serter<br />
Asmaa Shalabi<br />
William Shield<br />
Elyse K. Stratton<br />
Eric Sundstrom<br />
David Vannier<br />
Martin G. Von Jungenfeld<br />
Matthew P. Windrum<br />
Melody O. Woolford ✦<br />
Bologna Class of 2002<br />
Roman Didenko<br />
Laurie R. Goodman<br />
Ariel F. Ivanier<br />
Robert F. Jenney<br />
Andrew W. Jones ◊<br />
Charalambos Konstantinidis<br />
Afsheen Lebastchi<br />
Kristen M. Malinconico ◊<br />
Mimi Rumpeltin<br />
Kevin Z. Thurston<br />
Stefanie Weitz<br />
Bologna Class of 2003<br />
Jennifer C. Arnold<br />
L. Headley Butler ◊ ✦<br />
Douglas H. Campbell ◊<br />
Charles C. Carter<br />
Pavlo Chernyshenko<br />
Sander K. Cohan<br />
Jacquelyn M. Dille<br />
Gregor C. Feige<br />
Blair Glencourse<br />
Johan Gott<br />
Julie D. Hackett<br />
Jessica M. Holzer<br />
Caitlin Hughes<br />
Catherine P. Jones<br />
Eleanor T. Keppelman<br />
Mary E. Kissel<br />
Andrew T. Natenshon<br />
Caryn A. Nesmith<br />
Peter F. O’Brien ✦<br />
Fiona E. Stewart ✦<br />
Pier D. Tortola<br />
Grant E. Rissler<br />
Sheila R. Ward<br />
Bologna Class of 2004<br />
Kristof A. Abbeloos ◊<br />
Miladin Bogetic<br />
David R. Ciulla<br />
Alastair Coutts ✦<br />
Joost Gorter<br />
Saverio Grazioli Venier ✦<br />
Joshua L. Hirschel<br />
John E. Howbert<br />
Matthew D. Hughart<br />
Eirin Kallestad<br />
Sylvia S. Kane<br />
Caitlyn H. Kim<br />
Moritz Koch<br />
Candice Koo ✦<br />
Kahlil Lozoraitis<br />
David M. Moore<br />
Victor M. Oviedo<br />
Alfred B. Ruel<br />
Marc Schleifer<br />
Bologna Class of 2005<br />
Geoffrey A. August<br />
Bettina Boekle-Giuffrida<br />
Marta Bruska<br />
Mey Bulgurlu ✦<br />
Sladjana Cosic<br />
Matthew W. Cummins<br />
Hester M. DeCasper<br />
Laura Demetris<br />
Jennifer J. Derstine<br />
Jonathan S. Dunn<br />
Azish Filabi<br />
Adriana R. Fotino<br />
Joanna H. Ganson<br />
Armine Guledjian<br />
Steven W. Kerrigan<br />
Christopher M. Kuzmuk<br />
Kenneth M. Lam<br />
Daniel J. McCartney<br />
Anna W. Ravvin<br />
Jennifer G. Tranter<br />
Partha Vasudev<br />
Michael D. Waldron<br />
Joanna L. Wintrol<br />
Bologna Class of 2006<br />
Alec D. Barker<br />
Daniel E. Birns<br />
Jane E. Bloom<br />
Donna M. Brutkoski<br />
Alejandra Cervantes-Paras<br />
Sue Y. Chi<br />
Amy E. Cloud ◊<br />
Andrew W. Duff<br />
Elizabeth C. Edmondson<br />
Acquania V. Escarne<br />
Reza Haidari<br />
Diana Hristova<br />
Fatima B. Kassam<br />
Susan Kaur<br />
Christoph Koettl<br />
Morgan B. Lewis<br />
Jay B. Lurie<br />
Sarah E. Shapiro<br />
Cenk Sidar<br />
Casey C. Silva<br />
Liam L. Sullivan<br />
Matteo Vaccani<br />
Holger P. Wilms<br />
Bologna Class of 2007<br />
Lisa Sofia Alf<br />
Rachel A. Bahn<br />
Jessica D. Baker<br />
Michelle L. Battat<br />
Alton V. Buland<br />
Scott M. Cantor<br />
Rachel E. Dunsmoor<br />
Holly M. Freedman<br />
Laura E. Freschi<br />
Karen M. Goldfarb<br />
Timothy M. Hess<br />
Michael Heydt<br />
Marcus E. Holmlund<br />
Emily S. Howells<br />
Plamen R. Kaloyanchev<br />
Kevin Kiernan<br />
Murali M. Krishnan<br />
Abigail C. Lackman<br />
Alex M. Lok<br />
Janine Mans<br />
Boris Melnikov<br />
Jonathan F. Taylor<br />
Michael J. Tubman<br />
Sarah B. Underwood<br />
Sergio D. Zabala<br />
Bologna Class of 2008<br />
Nathanial P. Adams<br />
Kenneth N. Anye<br />
Inga H. Beie<br />
Umberto Boeri<br />
Edward Branagan<br />
Michael W. Casey Jr.<br />
Ross S. Campbell<br />
Filippo Chiesa<br />
Michael Darling<br />
Reneta M. Dimitrova<br />
Aart J. Geens<br />
Emily Harter<br />
Ana C. Heeren<br />
Dara J. Iserson<br />
John W. Jacobsen<br />
Harald Langer<br />
Jeanny L. Lee<br />
Arash A. Massoudi<br />
Robert A. Miller<br />
Chad G. Miner<br />
Patricia Morales<br />
Daniel A. Morris<br />
Jessica R. Morrison<br />
Dawn Ortiz-Legg<br />
Carla Rojas<br />
Enrico Saltarelli<br />
Pablo Thaler<br />
Terence M. Toland<br />
Alan R. Williford<br />
Irene Zissimos<br />
Bologna Class of 2009<br />
Rachel W. Beach<br />
George R. Cahlik<br />
Elizabeth S. Cairns<br />
Lorenz Gollwitzer<br />
Morgan Fiumi<br />
THANK YoU ... THANK YoU<br />
Timothy Geithner ’85, U.S. secretary of the Treasury,<br />
spoke on "The Path Ahead for the U.S.-China<br />
Economic Relationship" in January 2011.<br />
Astrid R. Haas<br />
Halliday E. Hart<br />
Philipp E. Hochreiter<br />
Suna Karakas<br />
Edward M. Kenney<br />
Mark Konold<br />
Branislav Kralik<br />
Richard Lechowick<br />
Michael W. Manetta<br />
Merrill W. McDermott<br />
James H. McInerney<br />
Tracy Meyer<br />
Sebastian Muehlbauer<br />
Michael J. Murphy ✦<br />
Daniel J. Pescatore<br />
Jean Rose<br />
Susann Tischendorf<br />
Jonathan Vogan<br />
Bologna Class of 2010<br />
Alicia E. Adkins<br />
Adrienne R. Atkinson<br />
Analisa R. Bala<br />
Jessica L. Bartos<br />
Alexis Below<br />
Kristin G. Beyard<br />
Tom V. Bowen<br />
Travis Bryan<br />
Meghan Burland<br />
Stephen A. Byeff<br />
Geoffroy Cailloux<br />
Cordelia A. Chestnut<br />
Bhavana Chilukuri<br />
Whitney C. Cox<br />
Brandon R. Dorman<br />
Stephanie Eder<br />
Hayat Essakkati<br />
Iris A. Ferguson<br />
Patrick W. Flanagan<br />
George S. Fleeson<br />
Meredith M. Gaffney<br />
Yinuo Geng<br />
Robbert B. Gerardus van Eerd<br />
Karin Grabner<br />
Elizabeth T. Harrington<br />
Allison R. Hart<br />
Sarah E. Hexter<br />
Liesl K. Himmelberger<br />
Seiya Ishikawa<br />
Vassilena P. Ivanova<br />
George P. Kalantzakis<br />
Joan Kato<br />
Mary R. Keller<br />
Tatia Lemondzhava<br />
Rebekah E. Lipsky<br />
Cara L. LoFaro<br />
Arif S. Lokhandwala<br />
Philipp D. Lustenberger<br />
Anthony Mansell<br />
Peter G. McConaghy<br />
Emily R. McRae<br />
Andrew F. Meaux<br />
Maximilian L. Meran<br />
Karen K. Miller<br />
Christopher Morrill<br />
Catherine E. Morris<br />
Sebastian Morvan<br />
Maiko Nakagaki<br />
Joshua R. Nickell<br />
Yuki Nishida<br />
Monika Noniewicz<br />
Marguerite A. Nowak<br />
Daniel Palazov<br />
Steven A. Phillips<br />
Mridula S. Ramdarshan<br />
Elisabeth Resch ✦<br />
Marcel V. Ricou<br />
Alicia M. Romano<br />
Theodros S. Roux<br />
Edmond B. Saran ✦<br />
Valentina Savioli<br />
Daniel M. Schneiderman<br />
Vincent E. Schoeck Jr.<br />
Thilo M. Schroeter<br />
Davide Scigliuzzo<br />
Monica Sendor<br />
Jamie Shellenberger<br />
Ravi Singh<br />
Alexander J. Skinner<br />
Moran Stern<br />
Meredith S. Street<br />
Raquel O. Tagarro<br />
Antonio Timoner-Salva<br />
Bryan J. Vasek ✦<br />
Timo von Koeningsmarck<br />
Mia Warner<br />
2011–2012 121
Elizabeth C. Wente<br />
Andrew A. Whitworth<br />
Aaron A. Young<br />
Selma Zahirovic<br />
Kenneth D. Zoeller<br />
Bologna Class of 2011<br />
John Ulrich Jr. ✦<br />
nanjing alumni<br />
Nanjing Class of 1987<br />
Linda K. Austen<br />
Wm. Patrick Cranley ✦<br />
Pamela Y. Hill<br />
Yunxia Ma ✦<br />
George Rosen<br />
Wei Yan ✦<br />
Nanjing Class of 1988<br />
Loren E. Fauchier<br />
Mary L. Fay<br />
Louisa C. Greve<br />
Chunqing Jin ✦<br />
Michelle D. LeSourd<br />
Eric Politzer<br />
Leon M. Slawecki<br />
Mark R. Wallace<br />
Nanjing Class of 1989<br />
James A. Anderson<br />
George Crane<br />
Kenneth H. Jarrett ◊ ✦<br />
Pamela Yatsko ◊<br />
Nanjing Class of 1990<br />
Dennis Hickey<br />
James A. Winship<br />
Nanjing Class of 1991<br />
Mark Garlinghouse ◊ ✦<br />
Nanjing Class of 1992<br />
Donald F. Broda ◊<br />
Amy L. Cantilina<br />
Scott S. Kennedy<br />
Xiaofang E. Zhu<br />
Nanjing Class of 1993<br />
Mei Kong<br />
Shari E. Litow<br />
Tracy Y. Manty<br />
Helen McCabe ◊<br />
Cunlu Yan ✦<br />
Nanjing Class of 1994<br />
Jennifer Brooks<br />
Pierre F. Landry<br />
Andrew Ranson<br />
Helen Schneider<br />
Nanjing Class of 1995<br />
Anne H. Gotwals<br />
Daniel W. Offit ◊ ✦<br />
Emmie Taing<br />
Nanjing Class of 1996<br />
Karen Missaghian<br />
*Deceased ◊ Five-Year Consistent Donor ✦ Christian Herter Society Member<br />
122 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
Nanjing Class of 1997<br />
Malia K. Du Mont<br />
Steve Rozner<br />
Nanjing Class of 1998<br />
Marcie W. Ashford<br />
Wynne Brown<br />
Andrew L. Campbell<br />
Margaret K. Lewis<br />
Karen Richardson<br />
Nanjing Class of 1999<br />
Amanda L. Douglas<br />
Ann-Marie N. Padgett<br />
Nanjing Class of 2000<br />
Elizabeth B. Bradley ✦<br />
Nicole I. Genberg<br />
Alison D. Jones<br />
Andrew S. Kingsdale<br />
Laura M. Peterson<br />
Nanjing Class of 2001<br />
Thomas C. Flynn<br />
Andrew J. Green<br />
Ah-Young Kim<br />
Tong Li<br />
Nanjing Class of 2002<br />
Peter T. Bazos<br />
Peggy T. Lim<br />
Nanjing Class of 2004<br />
Joseph Casey<br />
Edward A. Dunn<br />
Mayuko Yoshida<br />
Nanjing Class of 2005<br />
Sara Gavryck-Ji<br />
Yongyong Ji<br />
Rooti Lewis<br />
Ryan B. Ong ◊<br />
Daniel J. Pescatore<br />
Thomas T. Wong<br />
Tiffany Zalis<br />
Nanjing Class of 2006<br />
James DeSantis<br />
Theodore Novak<br />
Troy Plaza<br />
Leslie Shieh<br />
Wai Yeung<br />
Nanjing Class of 2007<br />
Bennett Gillmar<br />
Nanjing Class of 2008<br />
Hee-Chan Kang<br />
Habin Zhou<br />
Nanjing Class of 2009<br />
Elizabeth I. Hallinan ✦<br />
Nanjing Class of 2010<br />
Jeffrey S. Chen<br />
Roy H. Eriksen<br />
Dana K. Fassler<br />
Taking Initiative for<br />
We thank you, our alumni and friends, who<br />
generously gave your time and energy to <strong>SAIS</strong><br />
events, to regional and international activities,<br />
to academic programs, and to our students during the<br />
last year. We deeply appreciate all you do in helping bring<br />
our global <strong>SAIS</strong> community together.<br />
Mary V. Abad B’04 ’04<br />
Robert J. Abernethy<br />
Eden Abrahams B’95 ’96<br />
Sam Abrams<br />
Paul F. Alois ’10<br />
Ryan Anderson ’10<br />
Andrew Y. Anderson-Sprecher<br />
N’06 ’08<br />
Armando Anfosso B’01 ’03<br />
Anita M. Antenucci B’93 ’94<br />
Arthur Araujo ’09<br />
James Armington ’96<br />
Raymond V. Arnaudo B’70 ’71<br />
Ethan R. Arnheim ’08<br />
Neus Arqués B’90 B’91<br />
Mirentxu V. Arrivillaga ’07<br />
Caroline Ashley ’89<br />
Efsane D. Askin ’93<br />
Tania Askins ’08<br />
Norbert Baas B’76<br />
Aaron M. Back N’06<br />
Rachel A. Bahn B’07 ’08<br />
Francesc Balcells-Forrellad<br />
B’95 ’96<br />
Alec D. Barker B’06 ’08<br />
Jeanne B. Barnett<br />
Shani Bar-or B’07 ’08<br />
J. Michael Barrett ’01<br />
Tiffany Basciano<br />
Francis Bassolino N’93<br />
Peter Bauman<br />
Jon S. Becker B’78 ’79<br />
Nina Beizai B’07 ’08<br />
Veronika Belenkaya B’10 ’11<br />
Bradford J. Bell ’99<br />
Blaine David Benedict<br />
David H. Bernstein<br />
Liana L. Bianchi ’06<br />
George Craig Biddle ’89<br />
Hans P. Black<br />
Daniel W. Bloemers B’09 ’10<br />
Jane E. Bloom B’06 ’06<br />
Susanna V. Blume ’10<br />
David Blumental<br />
Kwami N. Boadi ’09<br />
Nelli Bodrenko B’09 ’10<br />
Elizabeth Boughrum ’10<br />
Richard Braakenburg ’10<br />
Sara Bracceschi B’04 ’05<br />
E. Brantley Turner Bradley<br />
N’00<br />
Jennifer Brann B’02 ’03<br />
Joshua E. Brann B’02 ’03<br />
Jennifer Braswell B’98 ’03<br />
William R. Brody<br />
Anita F. Brownstein B’70 ’72<br />
John H. Brubaker B’05 ’06<br />
Richard Brubaker<br />
William I. Brustein B’70 ’71<br />
Ewen Buchanan ’95<br />
Edward Buckingham N’97<br />
Alton V. Buland B’07 ’08<br />
John S. Butterworth JHU’82 ’83<br />
Jase J.M. Cabrera B’09 ’10<br />
Nina Cai N’10<br />
Richard A. Cambridge B’72<br />
’72 ’79<br />
Angelo Capozzi B’86 ’87<br />
Wm. Polk Carey<br />
Douglas Carlston ’71<br />
Jonathan Cartu N’07<br />
John Cerone<br />
Sewell Chan<br />
Charles C. Chang ’96<br />
Darryl Chappell ’09<br />
Tzruya Chebach ’08<br />
Helen Cheng<br />
Tai-Heng Cheng<br />
Yekaterina Chertova B’09 ’10<br />
Filippo Chiesa B’08 ’09<br />
Bhavana Chilukuri B’10 ’11<br />
Daniel Y. Chiu ’90 ’00<br />
Christopher S. Chivvis ’97 ’04<br />
Akiko Cho B’99 ’00<br />
Mariola Chrostowska<br />
Priscilla A. Clapp<br />
Patricia A. Haas Cleveland<br />
B’78 ’78<br />
William A. Clifford ’91<br />
Amy E. Cloud B’06 ’07<br />
Seth Colby B’06 ’07<br />
Neil Conklin<br />
Doral S. Cooper B’71 ’72<br />
Rafael A. Cornejo ’04<br />
Christopher Costa ’92<br />
Douglas C. Coutts ’81<br />
John W. Creighton III ’88<br />
Devon Cross ’83<br />
Will Cudney<br />
Tiankai Cui ’87<br />
Susan R. Cullman<br />
Matthew W. Cummins B’05 ’07<br />
Astari Daenuwy ’08<br />
Federica Dal Bono B’97 ’98<br />
Paul J. Dalle-Molle ’81<br />
Melissa G. Dalton ’07<br />
Darlene M. Damm ’05<br />
Brittany Danisch B’01 ’02<br />
Nadav Davidai ’08<br />
David J. Davies N’98<br />
Phillip A. Davis B’88 ’89<br />
Jerry M. de St. Paer ’66<br />
Judith M. Dean<br />
Payton W. Deeks B’05 ’06<br />
Michael A. DeLucia Jr. B’94 ’95<br />
Laura Demetris B’05 ’08<br />
Jennifer J. Derstine B’05 ’06<br />
Anne F. Devero ’09<br />
Liliana Diaz ’09<br />
Ruben-Erik Diaz-Plaja B’05 ’06<br />
Joseph DiCenso<br />
Xinghao Ding<br />
Joshua H. Dominick N’04<br />
Giovanna Dore ’98<br />
David Dorson N’04<br />
Joseph W. Dougherty ’95<br />
Amanda L. Douglas N’99 ’03<br />
Peter M. Drittel ’84<br />
Wenjun Du N’10<br />
Nikki L. Duncan B’06 ’07<br />
Marc Dupont ’05<br />
Niclas During B’01 ’02<br />
Matthew Durnin<br />
David B. Ehrenthal ’88<br />
Donald W. Eiss B’75 ’75<br />
Danielle L. Ellingston ’03<br />
Claudia B. Engelman-Flisi<br />
B’71 ’72<br />
Asli C. Erdogan B’05 ’06<br />
Dave Erikson N’08<br />
Dennis I. Eucogco N’00 ’05<br />
Jenny Everett<br />
Todd S. Ewing ’92<br />
Alice B. Faibishenko B’05 ’06<br />
Tanja G. Faller B’06 ’07<br />
Desmond Fang N’06 ’08<br />
Andras Fehervary<br />
Claudio H.B. Felix ’01<br />
Ludovico Feoli<br />
Maria Fihl Vetting<br />
Linda W. Filardi ’83<br />
Emily Fintel B’01 ’02<br />
Nicole Firment ’11<br />
Todd A. Fisher ’91<br />
Pichaya Fitts ’04<br />
Pamela P. Flaherty ’68<br />
Peter A. Flaherty B’67 ’68<br />
Alan H. Fleischmann ’89<br />
Louis J. Forster ’83<br />
Vahid Fotuhi ’02<br />
Carla P. Freeman ’90 ’99<br />
Chas W. Freeman<br />
Joseph F. Freeman IV B’95 ’03<br />
Marcus V. Freitas ’98<br />
David M. Frey ’95<br />
Sven Friebe B’07 ’08<br />
William Frymoyer ’98<br />
David Fuhrmann ’82<br />
Paul G. Fuller B’03 ’04<br />
Frank J. Fusco B’07 ’08<br />
Meredith M. Gaffney B’10 ’11<br />
Rosemary D. Gallant N’87<br />
Erin K. Ganju ’92<br />
John A. Gans Jr. B’08 ’09
<strong>SAIS</strong><br />
Liqun Gao N’99<br />
Art Garby<br />
T.J. Gardeniers B’79 ’80<br />
Saul E. Garlick ’07<br />
Mark Garlinghouse N’91<br />
Felicity Gates<br />
Maria S. Gatta B’91 ’92<br />
Sara Gavryck-Ji N’05<br />
Matthew R. Genasci B’06 ’07<br />
Stacia D. George B’00 ’01<br />
Polina V. Gerasimova B’04 ’05<br />
Tracy H. Gerstle ’05<br />
Christine B. Giangreco B’70 ’71<br />
Richard Gilmore B’66 ’67<br />
Daniel R. Glickman<br />
Juergen Glueckert B’62<br />
Susannah L. Gold B’94 ’95<br />
Andrew N. Goldberg ’82<br />
Ira N. Goldman B’79 ’80<br />
Jonathan Gosier<br />
Johann Gott B’03 ’04<br />
Daniel Gould B’03<br />
Timothy J. Graczewski ’98<br />
J. Michael Graglia B’02 ’03<br />
John C. Graham ’79<br />
Scott Graham<br />
Kevin Gray<br />
Nelson M. Graves III B’82 ’83<br />
Cynthia L. Greene B’99 ’99<br />
Stephen Grenier ’06<br />
Seth Gurgel<br />
Robert O. Gurman B’81 ’82<br />
Carine P. Gursky ’96<br />
Min Tha Gyaw N’06<br />
Astrid R.N. Haas B’09 ’10<br />
Suzana Haddad B’02 ’03<br />
Julien Halfon B’03 ’03<br />
Elizabeth I. Hallinan N’09 ’09<br />
Cambria G. Hamburg ’09<br />
Tania N. Hamod ’08<br />
Christina L. Hannum ’04<br />
Deborah L. Harmon B’80<br />
Cynthia Hartley<br />
Nicholas Haslam B’06 ’07<br />
Malin N. Haugwitz ’97<br />
Kristzina Helg B’02 ’03<br />
Nathaniel M. Heller ’05<br />
Adam R. Hemphill B’05 ’06<br />
Zachary S. Henry ’02<br />
William J. Herter B’08 ’09<br />
Leslie A. Hess B’02 ’03<br />
Ludwig Heuse B’81 ’82<br />
Matthew L. Hildebrandt ’05<br />
Robert J. Hildreth ’75<br />
Laurence E. Hirsch ’05<br />
Quentin E. Hodgson ’01<br />
She Hongyu<br />
Meghan S. Houlihan N’06 ’10<br />
Donika Hristova ’09<br />
Kun Hsu N’06<br />
Tao Hsu N’97<br />
Annian Huang<br />
Gary Huang N’03<br />
Yanzhong Huang N’93<br />
Mark Huberty B’06 ’07<br />
Evan Hume ’11<br />
Tim Huson ’97<br />
Desiree H.P. Hwang ’07<br />
Joyce A. Ibrahim ’08<br />
Eric S. Jaffe ’07<br />
Robert F. Jenney B’02 ’03<br />
Rian Jensen ’09<br />
Anneke Jessen ’91<br />
Reuben T.C. Jessop ’90<br />
Yongyong Ji N’05 ’08<br />
Zhaojin Ji<br />
Min Jia N’06<br />
Linqi L. Jiang N’98<br />
Hui Jiang<br />
Chunqing Jin N’88<br />
Gordon E. Johnson<br />
Lindsey Johnson<br />
Peter E. Johnson B’06 ’07<br />
Ira B. Joseph ’89<br />
Aleksander D. Jovovic ’99<br />
Marijke Jurgens-Dupree ’92<br />
Aki Kachi ’09<br />
Matthew D. Kaczmarek ’09<br />
Ajay Kaisth B’89<br />
Thomas S. Kang B’07 ’08<br />
Noah C. Kanter ’10<br />
Hannah R. Kaplan B’07 ’08<br />
Suna Karakas B’09 ’10<br />
Mara Karlin ’05<br />
Gaafar Karrar Ahmed<br />
Heather R. Kauffman B’09 ’10<br />
Jennifer L. Kaukas ’97<br />
Krystle V. Kaul B’08 ’09<br />
Peter F. Kaznacheev B’01 ’02<br />
Thomas Keaney<br />
Kevin M. Keating ’02<br />
Elizabeth E. Keck ’85<br />
Douglas Keh B’90 ’91<br />
Erin M. Kelley ’10<br />
Geraldine P. Kelly B’80 ’81<br />
Lee S. Kempler ’91<br />
Dany Khy ’09<br />
Jin-Goon Kim N’93<br />
Kevin J. Kinsella ’69<br />
Felix Knidlberger B’05 ’06<br />
Shari L. Knoerzer ’02<br />
Elizabeth D. Knup<br />
Daniel Kollmann B’07 ’08<br />
Kelly Kong N’01<br />
Kelley Kornell<br />
Bastiaan R. Korner ’66<br />
Adam C. Kotkin ’10<br />
Jeffrey A. Kozlowicki B’05 ’06<br />
Holly Krueger<br />
Alla Kruglyak ’03<br />
Jan Krzewinski B’06 ’07<br />
David Kyle ’79<br />
George B. Lambrakis ’53<br />
Edith Laszlo B’96 ’97<br />
Kyle D. Latimer<br />
David Lea<br />
Anne Armour LeBourgeois ’80<br />
Susanna Lee<br />
Roger S. Leeds ’70 ’77<br />
Ralf J. Leiteritz-Sanin B’98 ’99<br />
Marc E. Leland<br />
Laurence Lemay ’08<br />
Josette Lewis<br />
Margaret K. Lewis N’98<br />
Baodong Li ’89<br />
Shou Li N’10<br />
Tong Li N’01<br />
Toby Lincoln<br />
Jan Lindemann ’88<br />
Joseph E. Lipscomb ’91<br />
A. Landon Loomis B’07 ’08<br />
Andrew C. Luedders B’90 ’91<br />
Johanna Lundberg B’01 ’02<br />
Jay B. Lurie B’06 ’07<br />
Dana M. Lutenegger N’11<br />
Natalie M. Lyon ’10<br />
Kurt A. Macleod ’96<br />
Rahul Madhavan<br />
Elizabeth Madigan Jost B’97 ’98<br />
Abby Davidson Maffei ’09<br />
Raimund Magis B’96 ’97<br />
Thomas Mahnken ‘89 ’97<br />
Christopher W. Maletz ’06<br />
Tabitha Mallory N’06 ’08<br />
Katherine Maloney ’02<br />
Evan Mangino ’07<br />
Cynthia A. Marks ’06<br />
Michael Marriott ’09<br />
Andreas Marschner B’00 ’01<br />
Daniel E. Mason-D’Croz ’10<br />
Maxwell O. Massa N’11<br />
Arash A. Massoudi B’08 ’09<br />
Alan Biorn Maybury-Lewis ’84<br />
Jacqueline Mazza B’83 ’84 ’98<br />
Joanne Caddy Mazza B’90<br />
Ian McAfee<br />
Terri L. McBride ’99<br />
Daniel J. McCartney B’05 ’06<br />
Kimberly McClain ’08<br />
Jonathan McClelland ’06<br />
Marla McClure<br />
John F. McGillian Jr.<br />
Jill E. McGovern<br />
Lauren McIntyre ’07<br />
John E. McLaughlin B’66 ’66<br />
Mandy J. McMahon ’08<br />
Robert C. McNally Jr. B’91 ’92<br />
James McNicholas<br />
Julie Mcpherson ’99<br />
Aria Mehrabi ’98<br />
Camilo Mendez ’00<br />
Edgar Luna Mendoza B’02 ’03<br />
Nicole E. Mendoza ’84<br />
Monique E. Merriam ’81<br />
Victor Mesalles B’65 ’66<br />
Bsrat Mezghebe ’08<br />
David G. Michaels ’08<br />
Kirsten A. Michener B’90 ’92<br />
Ranko Milic ’05<br />
Gloria Micklin<br />
Paul R. Miller III<br />
Robert A. Miller B’08 ’09<br />
Tom Milliken<br />
Chad G. Miner B’08 ’09<br />
Kenneth R. Monahan B’03 ’04<br />
Kathleen Monticello ’10<br />
David M. Moore B’04 ’05<br />
John Moran ’11<br />
Matthias C. Mordi ’10<br />
Megan K. Morris ’09<br />
Edward L. Morse B’66 ’66<br />
Melissa G. Moye B’86 ’86<br />
Anit Mukherjee ’05<br />
Steven Muller<br />
Richard Murphy ’58<br />
Patricia Mussi B’05 ’06<br />
Yugo Nakamura ’06<br />
Gisela Nauk B’00<br />
J. Michael Nehrbass ’96<br />
Thy M. Nguyen ’05<br />
THANK YoU ... THANK YoU<br />
Elizabeth Nicoletti ’08<br />
Juan Nuñez-Gallego B’05 ’05<br />
Henry Nuzum ’08<br />
Shoichiro Odagaki ’69<br />
Peter O’Driscoll<br />
Daniel W. Offit N’95 ’95<br />
Ned S. Offit ’93<br />
Erick S. Oh B’04 ’05<br />
L. Peter O’Hagan ’87<br />
Sarah B. O’Hagan ’86<br />
Beth M. O’Laughlin B’90 ’91<br />
Paul V. Oliva B’91 ’92<br />
Julia Oliver B’11<br />
Martin O’Malley<br />
Sandor Orban B’90<br />
Kristina Ortiz B’09 ’10<br />
Theodore G. Osius III ’89<br />
Anayo I. Osueke ’10<br />
Stefano Palombo B’07 ’08<br />
Vasiliki Paloympis N’10<br />
Elena Panaritis B’90 ’91<br />
Demetrio Papadimitriu B’00 ’01<br />
Marc A. Parich ’05<br />
Jason Park ’10<br />
Michelle N. Patron B’98 ’99<br />
Alexandra Patsi B’01 ’04<br />
David M. Perkal B’94 ’95<br />
Joshua Perlman N’95<br />
Michalis Persianis ’05<br />
Erik R. Peterson ’81<br />
Stefano Pettinato B’98 ’99<br />
Jeffrey K. Phillips B’08 ’09<br />
Katherine J. Phillips ’07<br />
Randal Phillips ’93<br />
R.M. Phimister ’98<br />
Domenica Piantedosi B’79 ’80<br />
Eric L. Picard B’93 ’94<br />
Kathleen M. Pike B’81<br />
Antonio Pineda-Ronzon<br />
B’98 ’99<br />
Andrew T. Plieninger ’07<br />
Shiva Polefka ’11<br />
J. Thitinan Pongsudhirak ’92<br />
Jason R. Potell B’10 ’11<br />
Robert F. Price ’94<br />
Charlotte Putney N’09<br />
Fang Qi N’08<br />
Li Qian N’08 ’08<br />
David Quayat ’03<br />
Juan C. Quiroz Penaloza<br />
B’03 ’04<br />
Paula Rabinowitz<br />
Francine Radler ’78<br />
Richard H.S. Raiford ’89<br />
Leela R. Ramnath ’08<br />
Anna W. Ravvin B’05 ’06<br />
Tonya M. Rawe ’08<br />
Francis C. Record S’76<br />
James D. Regan B’75 ’76<br />
Jean-Arthur Régibeau B’86<br />
Diana H. Reilly ’98<br />
Vincenzo Resta ’99<br />
Lenea M. Reuvers B’09 ’10<br />
Catherine Reynolds B’06 ’07<br />
Consuelo Ricart ’92<br />
Karen M. Richardson N’98<br />
Courtney M. Rickert ’08<br />
Philip S. Robertson Jr. ’97<br />
Rachel Rochat ’04<br />
Sara E. Rogge ’00<br />
Sara Elizabeth Rowland ’09<br />
Arthur Rubin ’92<br />
Justine Rubira B’03 ’04<br />
Axel Ruyter B’90<br />
Evan Ryan ’06<br />
Matthew W. Ryan ’86<br />
Mikhail V. Ryzhkov ’97<br />
Diana Salvemini B’07 ’08<br />
Eulalia Sanin ’00<br />
Edward J. Sappin ’05<br />
Arturo Sarukhán ’91<br />
Zara Sarzin B’03 ’04<br />
Frank Savage ’64<br />
Micah M. Savidge B’06 ’07<br />
Nina S. Sawyer ’08<br />
Jay Scanlan<br />
Nadia Schadlow-Murphy B’88<br />
’89 ’05<br />
Erin Schenck ’07<br />
Oriana Scherr ’07<br />
Marc Schleifer B’04 ’05<br />
Bruce S. Schlein ’96<br />
Daniel M. Schneiderman<br />
B’10 ’11<br />
Alexander Schratz B’07 ’08<br />
Barry J. Schumacher ’73<br />
Benjamin E. Schwartz ’08<br />
Bernard L. Schwartz<br />
Laura Seay<br />
Karen E. Seiger B’89 ’90<br />
Monica Sendor B’10 ’11<br />
Natalia D. Senmartin ’03<br />
Sarah E. Shapiro B’06 ’07<br />
Reginald S. Shaver ’00<br />
James J. Shea B’04 ’05<br />
David Bruce Shear ’82 N’87<br />
Nicholas S.F. Sheets N’03 ’05<br />
Sally A. Shelton-Colby B’67 ’68<br />
Jia Sheng<br />
Shi Yinhong<br />
Jonathan Showe ’72<br />
Edison U. Sian ’04<br />
Cenk Sidar B’06 ’07<br />
T. Hardy Simes N’06 ’07<br />
Hildy Simmons<br />
Jeanne C. Simon ’08<br />
David Skidmore<br />
Allyson Slater ’08<br />
Justin M. Sloan B’07 ’08<br />
Marylene L. Smeets ’93<br />
Nicholas Smith<br />
John A. Somers ’03<br />
Abraham Sorock N’10<br />
Christopher W. Southwick<br />
B’10 ’11<br />
Herman M.H. Speyart B’91 ’92<br />
Henry Spurling<br />
Kiran Srivastava<br />
Matt Stafford ’10<br />
Carlos Stagliano B’98 ’99<br />
Melanie R. Standish B’06 ’07<br />
Jeffrey R. Steele ’94<br />
Edward G. Steiner ’99<br />
Thomas Stelzer B’83<br />
Rachael Strieter ’07<br />
Ming Sun N’09<br />
Carmen C. Suro-Bredie B’72 ’72<br />
Widya Sutiyo ’04<br />
Thorunn Sveinbjarnardottir ’90<br />
Alison S. Symons ’01<br />
2011–2012 123
THANK YoU ... THANK YoU<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong> Volunteers (continued)<br />
Gary M. Talarico ’83<br />
Priscilla Tan N’10<br />
Jeffery Tang N’09 ’10<br />
Wynn Tanner N’08<br />
Nathaniel Taplin ’10<br />
Yoshio Tateyama ’85<br />
Sue A. Tay ’09<br />
David E. Taylor N’92<br />
Michelle Taylor B’05 ’06<br />
Peter F. Taylor B’99 ’99<br />
Thomas B. Tesluk B’81 ’82<br />
Christopher Testa B’08 ’09<br />
James D. Thom B’05 ’07<br />
James Thomas ’01<br />
Jennelle A. Thompson ’94<br />
Kevin Z. Thurston B’02 ’03<br />
Thomas Thurston<br />
Yves Tiberghian<br />
Patricia E. Tierney ’96<br />
Amos Tincani B’72<br />
Malini Tolat ’04<br />
Luke A. Tougas B’99 ’00<br />
Chuong Si Tran ’86<br />
Nancy N. Tran ’08<br />
Nikolaos E. Tsafos ’07<br />
Frank Tsai N’03<br />
Frederick H. Tsai ’07 ’08<br />
Joseph Tse<br />
Jonathan C. Tsentas N’07<br />
Michael J. Tubman B’07 ’08<br />
John B. Tucker ’89<br />
Mariano Turzi ’07 ’10<br />
Ryan S. Ulrich N’08 N’10<br />
Sarah B. Underwood B’07 ’08<br />
James A. Upton B’91 ’92<br />
Amit J. Urban N’10<br />
Catherine M. Valega B’95 ’96<br />
Antoine W. van Agtmael<br />
Lousewies van der Laan B’91<br />
Hans Van Geloven B’96 ’97<br />
Ted Varani<br />
Jeremy M. Ventuso B’08 ’09<br />
Gordon C. Vieth B’78 ’79<br />
Johanna T. Von Der Weppen<br />
B’09 ’10<br />
Sebastian F.A. Vos ’03<br />
Hans W. Vriens B’85<br />
Aleem Walji<br />
Boyong Wang B’01 ’02<br />
Grace Wang<br />
Barclay Ward ’61<br />
Leora S. Ward<br />
Amy S. Weiner N’08<br />
Atticus Weller ’98<br />
Avital Wenger ’08<br />
Bernard J. West ’04<br />
Thomas W. West B’04 ’05<br />
Shay H. Wester B’06 ’07<br />
Joseph E. Whalen B’07 ’08<br />
Jeremy C. Whipp B’08 ’09<br />
Joy M. Wiersum B’07 ’08<br />
Brittany E. Williams B’08 ’09<br />
Dawson Williams<br />
Alan R. Williford B’08 ’09<br />
Bryan Withall N’04<br />
Linda R. Wolin B’92 ’93<br />
Ting Hway Wong<br />
Douglas Woodring ’96<br />
Brooks Wrampelmeier ’77<br />
Daniel B. Wright N’94 ’95 ’05<br />
124 <strong>SAIS</strong>PHERE<br />
Michael P. Wright N’02 ’05<br />
Wu Ying<br />
Chen Xu<br />
Sahin Yaman B’96 ’97<br />
Cunlu Yan N’93<br />
Zhendai Yang N’99<br />
Yuan Yao B’07 ’08<br />
Jason Hee Ye ’09<br />
Christina M. Yeung B’00<br />
Jack Y. Yeung B’06 ’07<br />
Paul M. Yeung B’01 ’02<br />
Clayton Yeutter<br />
Jacob T. Young ’05<br />
Nathaniel H. Young B’05 ’06<br />
Gene Yu N’11<br />
Tiecheng Yuan 04<br />
Noah Zaring B’97 ’98<br />
Zhihai Zhai ’87<br />
Joan Zhang N’01<br />
Xiaoming Zhang<br />
Xiaoping Zhao N’02<br />
Zijuan Zhong N’09<br />
Lei Zhou N’03<br />
Alejandre Zamora<br />
Laurence Zuriff ’93<br />
Alfonso Zurita y de Borbón<br />
B’97 ’98<br />
We have attempted to<br />
include all volunteers. If we<br />
inadvertently omitted anyone,<br />
contact us at 202.663.5641,<br />
and we will include those<br />
individuals in the next issue.<br />
Voices of <strong>SAIS</strong><br />
Alumni<br />
Oral<br />
History<br />
Program<br />
Since 2008, the <strong>SAIS</strong> Oral History Program<br />
is continuing to rediscover bygone stories of<br />
alumni experiences, accomplishments and<br />
shared traditions through individual interviews<br />
that began with alumni from the earliest<br />
graduating classes.<br />
The handing down of history, class by class, strengthens the ties<br />
that bind the <strong>SAIS</strong> community. In London, George Lambrakis ’53<br />
was interviewed and subsequently gave a lecture at an alumni gathering<br />
in March. In April, many members of the <strong>SAIS</strong> class of 1961<br />
graciously agreed to have their stories recorded while visiting the<br />
Washington, D.C., campus for their 50th reunion.<br />
Oral history interviews are recorded and archived in digital audio<br />
and video formats. Please contact Jordi Izzard, alumni relations<br />
officer, at jizzard1@jhu.edu for an interview, or visit our Web page<br />
at www.sais-jhu.edu/oralhistory.
ALUMNI NEWS & NoTES<br />
2011–2012 125
“We are deeply grateful for<br />
what <strong>SAIS</strong> gave to us. We are<br />
giving back with a planned<br />
gift to do the same for some<br />
of today’s <strong>SAIS</strong> students—who<br />
most certainly will become<br />
tomorrow’s leaders. Our<br />
planned gift provides us with<br />
a continuing income stream.<br />
It’s a win-win situation for<br />
<strong>SAIS</strong> and for us.”<br />
——Richard Murphy ’58 and Ludmilla K. Murphy B’60, ’61<br />
Have your cake...<br />
Make a gift to <strong>SAIS</strong> now.<br />
Live well and give back to the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced<br />
International Studies with a Charitable Gift Annuity.<br />
Fund a Charitable Gift Annuity with a minimum gift of $10,000 (cash or<br />
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• Satisfaction of making a lasting contribution to the mission of <strong>SAIS</strong><br />
SAVE THE DATE<br />
for the <strong>SAIS</strong> Legacy Lunch: April 12, 2012
The <strong>SAIS</strong> Legacy Circle<br />
the sais legaCy CirCle<br />
Patricia J. Allred<br />
William B. Allred*<br />
David C. Almon ’53*<br />
Grace M. Almon*<br />
Anonymous<br />
C. Michael Armstrong<br />
Gordon H. Barrows ’49<br />
Mark C. Bauer ’79<br />
Herbert A. Behrstock ’66<br />
David H. Bernstein<br />
Roger C. Brewin III ’50*<br />
David L. Brinkley III ’83<br />
Frederick Z. Brown<br />
Jan Bryn ’52<br />
Sharon L. Camp ’69<br />
Timothy W. Childs ’61*<br />
Richard E. Cohn ’68<br />
Kay Diuguid<br />
Lewis H. Diuguid ’63<br />
Cynthia Paddock Doroghazi ’94<br />
George E. Dube B’56 ’56*<br />
Betty A. Dukert<br />
Joseph M. Dukert B’56 ’93 ’05<br />
William F. Eaton ’60<br />
Abbe Fessenden ’64<br />
Steven A. Fillipow ’91<br />
Frederick W. Flott ’47*<br />
Lila May Walkden Flounders ’47<br />
Evan Fotos ’48<br />
John W. Franklin Jr. ’67<br />
Bonita B. Furner B’66 ’66<br />
James W. Furner<br />
Robert S. Ginsburg B’59 ’60<br />
Jeremy D. Gorelick B’01 ’02<br />
Roy A. Harrell Jr. ’60<br />
Benjamin E. Hein B’93 ’94<br />
Christian A. Herter Jr.*<br />
Margel L. Highet B’85 ’86<br />
Frederick L. Holborn*<br />
*We honor the members of the Legacy Circle whose bequests have been realized.<br />
Elizabeth B. Hubbard ’56<br />
Betty Lou Hummel ’46*<br />
Earl E. Huyck ’48*<br />
Earl M. Hyde Jr. ’47<br />
Ruth K. Hyde ’47<br />
Henry P. Johnson B’57 ’57<br />
Margaret C. Jones B’67 ’68<br />
Robert H. Kleeb Jr. ’63*<br />
Gwyn E. Koepke ’99<br />
Mitchell L. Kornblit ’73<br />
Michael W. Kubiak ’80<br />
Lynne Foldessy Lambert B’67 ’67<br />
Manfred Landecker ’53 B’56 ’65*<br />
Arbon C. Lang<br />
Elise M. Lease*<br />
Roger S. Leeds ’70 ’77<br />
Stephen O. Lesser B’63 ’63<br />
Joann Lewinsohn ’54<br />
Stephen Low*<br />
Sue Low<br />
Harvey G. Marcy ’51*<br />
Priscilla Mason<br />
John F. McGillian Jr.<br />
Jill E. McGovern<br />
Morgan Thomas McGrath<br />
B’82 ’83<br />
Charles J. Micoleau ’65<br />
Charlotte M. Morehouse ’48*<br />
Jessica Mott ’79<br />
Steven Muller<br />
Dorothy P. Murphy<br />
Ludmilla Ksensenko Murphy<br />
B’60 ’61<br />
Miles W. Murphy*<br />
Richard W. Murphy ’58<br />
Paul H. Nitze*<br />
R. Kendall Nottingham ’65*<br />
Morris W. Offit<br />
John E. Osborn ’92<br />
Gretchen A. Osgood*<br />
David W. Paul ’68<br />
Michael W. Percopo*<br />
Miles M. Prescott ’51<br />
Erik M. Rasmussen ’69<br />
William A. Reinsch ’69<br />
Gloria A. Remy ’48<br />
Richard C. Rogers ’65<br />
John B. Root ’48*<br />
Donald S. Rothchild*<br />
William T. Salisbury ’67 ’72<br />
Mohinder P. Sambhi<br />
Fred H. Sanderson*<br />
Frank Savage ’64<br />
Thomas A. Schlenker ’61<br />
Jonathan L. Schneider B’76 ’77<br />
Jay M. Schwamm<br />
Sally A. Shelton-Colby B’67 ’68<br />
M. Gregg Smith ’67<br />
Robb E. Smith B’64 ’64*<br />
Helmut Sonnenfeldt<br />
Timothy E. Spence ’03<br />
William P. Stedman Jr. ’47<br />
Richard J.J. Sullivan Jr. ’74<br />
Elisabeth H. Whited ’49*<br />
Robert A. Wilson B’60 ’61*<br />
Jack J. Woods ’66<br />
The Legacy Circle is an honorary society of supporters who have named <strong>SAIS</strong> in Washington, D.C., the Bologna Center or the Hopkins-Nanjing<br />
Center in their estate plans. Legacy Circle members are securing <strong>SAIS</strong>’s continued standing as a premier institution of study in international<br />
relations by making a commitment of a bequest intention, funding a charitable gift annuity, designating a life insurance policy or Individual<br />
Retirement Account, or taking advantage of other planned-giving vehicles. Their gifts will have long-lasting impact and will be used to:<br />
n Provide excellent students with necessary financial aid<br />
n Attract and retain outstanding faculty<br />
n Expand and adapt program offerings to meet the challenges of a rapidly changing international environment<br />
For information about the Legacy Circle or to discuss a planned gift, please contact Spencer Abruzzese, associate director of development,<br />
at 202.663.5646 or spencera@jhu.edu.<br />
Receive income for life.<br />
Learn more<br />
John C. Jeppi<br />
The Johns Hopkins University<br />
Office of Gift Planning<br />
410-516-7954 or 800-548-1268<br />
giftplanning@jhu.edu<br />
Calculate your benefits<br />
Please visit giving.jhu.edu/giftplanning<br />
One-Life Charitable Gift Annuity Rates<br />
Age<br />
90<br />
85<br />
80<br />
75<br />
70<br />
65<br />
...and eat it too.<br />
Through<br />
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9.8%<br />
8.4%<br />
7.5%<br />
6.5%<br />
5.8%<br />
5.3%<br />
As of<br />
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9.0%<br />
7.8%<br />
6.8%<br />
5.8%<br />
5.1%<br />
4.7%<br />
Seek advice from a tax professional before entering into a gift annuity<br />
agreement. Johns Hopkins gift annuities are not available in all states.<br />
2011–2012 127
Show Your <strong>SAIS</strong> Pride<br />
Choose from a sais<br />
t-shirt, sweatshirt,<br />
ball cap, umbrella,<br />
coffee mug and<br />
many more items.<br />
to order, go to<br />
www.sais-jhu.edu/saisware
The Young and The old<br />
Demography anD generations in international relations<br />
winter-spring 2011 • Volume XXXi, number two<br />
Essays of Interest:<br />
Snowbirds and Water Coolers: How Aging Populations Can<br />
Drive Economic Growth<br />
Michael W. Hodin and Mark Hoffmann<br />
How Changes in Age Structure Can Impact Policy Making<br />
E. Hazel Denton<br />
Family Planning as an Economic Investment<br />
John Bongaarts and Steven W. Sinding<br />
Children at Risk: Family Planning and Human Trafficking<br />
in Northwest Cameroon<br />
Meg Dallet<br />
China’s New Talent Strategy: Impact on China’s<br />
Development and its Global Exchanges<br />
Huiyao Wang<br />
Looking Toward the Future in the Taiwan Strait:<br />
Generational Politics in Taiwan<br />
Shelley Rigger<br />
Statistics and International Relations: Why Data Collection<br />
Matters<br />
Aanchal Anand<br />
The Politics of Youth Bulge: From Islamic Activism to Democratic<br />
Reform in the Middle East and North Africa<br />
Leila Austin<br />
Youth in Africa: Rebels Without a Cause but Not Without Effect<br />
Stephen W. Smith<br />
Recent <strong>Issue</strong>s of Interest<br />
generations • Conservatism • new international players<br />
Cities • reengagement?<br />
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