1.5 kilometers Dr. Chris Hanning (UK) - Cape Cod Commission

Maritime Academy Turbine660 KWBlade Diameter 47 m (154’)Hub Height 50 m (164’)Total Height 73.5 m (241’)Blade Swept Area 1,735 m2Bog WindWareham, MABog Wind Turbines2.5 MWBlade Diameter 100 m (328’)Hub Height 102 m (335’)Total Height 150 m (492’)Blade Swept Area 7,854 m2Swept Area of Bog Wind is4.5 times that of MMAMMABoeing 747Zoning Board of AppealsNovember 10, 2010

Industrial Scale Wind TurbinesSize Comparison

Industrial Wind TurbinesScale of Components

New Generation Wind ProjectProposed Wind Turbine Locations

New Generation Wind ProjectConceptual Site Plan

New Generation Wind ProjectProximity of Residential Properties to Proposed Wind Turbines800’760’870’980’1,250’

New Generation WindExisting Residential Lots within Recommended Acoustical SetbackApprox. 264Existing Homeswithin 3,280 feetof Proposed NGWWind Turbines

II. Zoning Considerations

Zoning ConsiderationsA. NGW proposes to build 5 of the largest wind turbines ever seen in New England on landthat is zoned RESIDENTIAL. While the Bourne Zoning By-law allows this kind of use in thiszone, nowhere does it suggest or require such enormous turbines.B. In fact, the Bourne Zoning By-law requires a careful balancing:“The purpose of this section is to provide for the development and use of wind poweras an alternative energy source, while protecting public health, safety and welfare,preserving environmental, historic and scenic resources, controlling noise levels andpreventing electromagnetic interference.” [Section 3461]C. All special permits under the Bourne Zoning By-law (including this application) must meetanother balancing test:“Special Permits may be granted by the SPGA after demonstration by the applicantthat the proposed use will not have adverse effects which over-balance itsbeneficial effects for either the neighborhood or the Town, in view of the particularcharacteristics of the site and of the proposal in relation to that site.” [Section 1331]D. Further, the wind turbine by-law reads: “The Planning Board shall grant a Special Permitonly if it finds that the proposal complies with the provision of this By-law (includingallowed waivers and imposed restrictions), taking into consideration among otherthings….the location of the WECS in relation to ….dwellings.” [Section 3464].

Zoning Considerations (continued)E. The Commission’s DRI regulations (Section 7 – Findings) contain a similar balancing test.In order to approve the project, the Commission must find that:“The probable benefit from the proposed project is greater than the probable detriment”.F. The proposed turbine side is the subject of significant additional protective overlayprovisions:1. Bournedale District of Critical Planning Concern [DCPC]2. Flexible Resource Development [Bourne Zoning By-laws 2700]3. Bournedale Overlay District [Bourne Zoning By-laws 4300]4. Scenic Development District [Bourne Zoning By-laws 2230]5. Environmental Controls [Bourne Zoning By-laws 3400]The goals of these overlay protections are summarized in the DCPC Ordinance:“The protection of the Buzzards Bay and North Sagamore Water ResourceDistricts…natural resource interests….wellhead protection areas, rare wildlife habitat,wetlands and vernal pools…historic and archaeological resources, historiclandscapes, Native American ways and settlement areas, scenic roads, and thecharacter of this rural landscape…A purpose of the District shall be to protectagainst development which would negatively impact the resources…”

Zoning Considerations (continued)The Environmental Controls mentioned on the last slide [Section 3400 of theBourne Zoning By-laws] actually PREVENT this project:“Except for warning devices, temporary construction or maintenancework, parades, recreational activities, or other extraordinarycircumstances, no noise, ….(or) vibration….shall be perceptiblewithout instruments more than 100 feet beyond the boundary of a lot iforiginating in a Residence …(or) …Scenic Development District…Suchinterferences originating within a Business District shall not beperceptible more than 100 feet within a Residence or ScenicDevelopment District.”The proposed turbines emit noise and vibrations clearly perceptiblemore than 100 feet from, and 100 feet into, residential properties.

EnergyCape Cod CommissionRegional Policy Plan“To promote a healthy and sustainable economic, natural, built andsocial environment by reducing greenhouse gas emissions andenergy costs through design and construction practices thatincrease energy conservation, promote energy efficiency, andpromote self sufficiency through the use of locally distributedrenewable energy.”• E1.5 On-site Renewable Energy Generation“Except for mixed-use projects located in designated EconomicCenters as identified on the Regional Land Use Vision Map, nonresidentialcommercial development and redevelopment involvingnet new construction shall provide a minimum of 10 percent of abuilding’s projected annual (kWh) electrical demand through on-siterenewable energy generation.”

Comparison of Zoning ProvisionsAcoustical SetbacksA. Jackson, ME: adopted a wind turbine Bylaw that calls for an acoustical setback of 13times total turbine height. Would equal setback of 6,396 feet.B. Phillips, ME: a turbine Bylaw formula would result in a setback of 8,414 feet for a singleturbine the size of those proposed by NGW.C. Centerville Township, IL: adopted a Commercial Wind Energy System Bylaw requiring asetback of 10 times rotor diameter.D. Converse County, WY: just increased acoustical setback from 5.5 times total height to 10times total height. As a comparison, if the NGW turbines had to meet the new ConverseCounty setback, it would equal 4,920 feet.E. State of Minnesota: a setback of (10 times rotor diameter) is called for in “Public HealthImpacts of Wind Turbines”, prepared by the Minnesota Department of Health:Environmental Health Division, dated May 22, 2009.F. Falmouth, MA: Proposed modification of Falmouth Zoning Bylaw on Windmills: Section 240-166 D: “Distance to the nearest residence or district that allows single-family homes byright, shall be no less than ten (10) times the rotational diameter of the wind turbineblades”. This was drafted by the Chairs of the Falmouth Planning Board and the ZBA.

(Continued)Comparison of Zoning ProvisionsAcoustical SetbacksG. Wareham, MA: the developer of Bog Wind just reduced from 6 turbines to 2, and reducedthe size of the remaining 2 turbines to a size that provides a setback from residences of 10times rotor diameter.“We will be revising our proposed project based on listening to the various presentationsmade by Barry Cosgrove and his group at the Wareham ZBA in September, November,and March. We also based these revisions on lessons we learned at the various Wind WiseCape Cod information sessions held at Cape Cod Community College throughout thispast six months, as well as hearing Mark and Annie Cool, Neil and Elizabeth Anderson, Mr.Funfar, and others speak about their experiences with turbines recently constructed inFalmouth, MA”[letter from Bog Wind to the Wareham Zoning Board of Appeals dated April 12, 2011]

Bogwind Wind Power Cooperative ProjectWareham, Massachusetts

III. Noise Distress

Aerodynamic AmplitudeModulation (AAM) isImportant for the EvaluationofWind Turbine Noise.Presented ByMichael Bahtiarian, INCE Bd. CertNoise Control Engineering, Inc.June 6, 2011

Aerodynamic AmplitudeModulation (AAM) isImportant for the EvaluationofWind Turbine Noise.Presented ByMichael Bahtiarian, INCE Bd. CertNoise Control Engineering, Inc.June 6, 2011

Broadband Sound Analysis

Sample Studies, Papers and Articles on Wind Turbine Noise DisturbanceSample Studies, Papers and Articles Sample Studies, Papers and Articles on Wind Turbine NoiseDisturbance• Sadberge Parish Council, Noise from Wind Farms Revision 2.0on Wind Turbine Noise Disturbance• Probable Cause of Amplitude Modulation, Alistair Mackenzie• Wind Turbine Noise, An Independent Assessment, By Stephen Ambrose and RobertRand | Sep 10, 2010• Department For Business Enterprise & Regulatory Reform, Research intoAerodynamic Modulation of Wind Turbine Noise, University of Salford (UK) July 2007• The Measurement of Low Frequency Noise at three UK Wind Farms, Department ofTrade & Industry (DTI) Summary, 2006• NOISE-CON 2007 - Communicating the Noise Effects of Wind Farms toStakeholders, Oct. 22-24, 2007• Acoustic Ecology Institute Special Report: Wind Energy Noise Impacts, 11/17/2009• Dr. Christopher Hanning…on Sleep disturbance and wind turbine noise, June 2009• A Problem With Wind Power, Eric Rosenbloom• Noise annoyance from wind turbines: a review, Swedish Environmental ProtectionAgency, 08/2003• Acoustic Study of the Up-Island School District Wind Turbine (West Tisbury, Martha’sVineyard), December 2009

Sample Studies, Papers and Articles on Wind Turbine Noise DisturbanceSample Studies, Papers and Articles Sample Studies, Papers and Articles on Wind Turbine NoiseDisturbance• Wind Farm Noise and Regulations in the Eastern United States, Soysal and Soysal,September 2007 on Wind Turbine Noise Disturbance• Perception and annoyance due to wind turbine noise - a dope-response relationship,E. Pedersen and K. Persson Waye, 2004• Wind Turbine Noise: What Audiologists Should Know, J. Punch, R. James and D.Pabst, July/August 2010 Audiology Today• Amplitude Modulation of Wind Turbine Noise: A Review of the Evidence, DickBowdler• An Analysis of the Epidemiology and Related Evidence on the Health Effects of WindTurbines on Local Residents, Carl V. Phillips, July 3, 2010• Wind turbines - low level noise sources interfering with restoration, E. Pedersen andK. Persson Waye, 2008• Perspectives on Wind Turbine Noise, Frits van den Berg, Summer 2009• Wind Energy Industry Acknowledgement of Adverse Health Effects, The Society forWind Vigilance, January 2010• Wind Turbine Sound and Health Effects: An Expert Panel Review, December 2009

Key QuotesWind Turbine NoiseWind Turbine Noise, An Independent Assessment, By Stephen Ambrose and RobertRand | Sep 10, 2010“Currently there is no effective, reliable noise mitigation for wind turbines of this sizeother than shutdown. Therefore, at this time it appears appropriate that proposed windturbine sites should position wind turbines at least one mile away from residentialproperties and further for sites with more than one wind turbine. Smaller wind turbines(under one megawatt power rating) produce less noise than those currently beingmarketed and installed for grid power in Maine; these may be an option when distanceis an issue.”Department For Business Enterprise & Regulatory Reform, Research into AerodynamicModulation of Wind Turbine Noise, University of Salford (UK) July 2007“… ‘like a train that never gets there’, ‘distant helicopter’, ‘thudding’, ‘pulsating’,‘thumping’, ‘rhythmical beat’, and ‘beating’ could be indicative of AM.”(15)….According to Oerlemans and Lopez (2005) AM noise from wind turbines is notequally loud in all directions but is radiated primarily from the outer part of thedownward moving blade in the downward direction.” (35)

Key QuotesWind Turbine NoiseThe Measurement of Low Frequency Noise at three UK Wind Farms, Department of Trade& Industry (DTI) Summary, 2006“…when wind farm noise is at its most intrusive, it is this aerodynamic modulation whichgives rise to their complaints associated with the operation of the wind turbines.” (48)….This measured level of modulation is greater than that expected... In these specific,high modulation conditions, the application of a penalty for the character of the noisemay be appropriate. Apply a 5dB correction if ……the noise contains distinct impulses(bangs, clicks, clatters, or thumps); or the noise is irregular enough to attract attention;”(59)NOISE-CON 2007 - Communicating the Noise Effects of Wind Farms to Stakeholders,Oct. 22-24, 2007“As shown in Figure 1, for a given level of noise exposure, wind turbines were found toproduce higher levels of annoyance than transportation noise sources were found toproduce. The graph of Figure 1 also suggests that the percent of people highlyannoyed increases more rapidly if exposed to wind farm noise.” (5) ….44-percent ofthe respondents living from 800 feet to ¼ mile of the wind farm stated that the turbinesare ‘causing a problem with noise.’ From approximately ¼ mile to ½ mile from thewind farm, the percentage of respondents indicating a problem with noise increased to52-percent.” (7)

Key QuotesWind Turbine NoiseAcoustic Ecology Institute, Special Report: Wind Energy Noise Impacts, 11/17/2009“…it is clear that the current boom in wind farm development could well backfire, forboth the industry and a clean energy future, if the current generation turbines are sitedtoo close to residences.” (3) …it appears that noise can be a significant issue in at leastsome situations when turbines are within about a half mile of homes (roughly 800m),with some impacts apparent up to a mile away. Some acousticians and healthprofessionals are encouraging setbacks of as much as 1.5 miles (just over 2 km).” (3-4)…All too often, wind developers tell local planning boards that the turbines will beinaudible, which is rarely the case.”Dr. Christopher Hanning…on Sleep disturbance and wind turbine noise, June 2009“The sleep, because it is broken, is unrefreshing resulting in sleepiness, fatigue,headaches and poor memory and concentration (Martin 1997), many of the symptomsof “wind turbine syndrome”. Arousals may be caused by sound events as low as 32dB(A) and awakenings with events of 42dB(A) (Muzet and Miedema 2005), well withinthe measured noise levels of current ‘wind farms’ and the levels permitted by ETSU-R-97.” (6-7) ….In my expert opinion, from my knowledge of sleep physiology and areview of the available research, I have no doubt that wind turbine noise emissionscause sleep disturbance and ill health.” (17)

Key QuotesWind Turbine NoiseA Problem With Wind Power, Eric Rosenbloom“Only a gravelly “swishing” may be heard directly beneath the turbine, but fartheraway the resulting sound of several towers together has been described to be as loudas a motorcycle, like aircraft continually passing overhead, a “brick wrapped in atowel turning in a tumble drier,” “as if someone was mixing cement in the sky," "like atrain that never arrives." It is a relentless rumble like unceasing thunder from anapproaching storm.” (4)Noise annoyance from wind turbines: a review, Swedish Environmental ProtectionAgency, 08/2003“When listening to a wind turbine, one may distinguish broadB(A)nd noise and abeating noise…The beating noise is amplitude modulated, i.e. the sound pressure levelrises and falls with time. This noise is of interest for this review, as it seems to be moreannoying than a non-modulated noise at the same sound pressure level.” (9)Perception and annoyance due to wind turbine noise - a dope-response relationship,E. Pedersen and K. Persson Waye, 2004“Wind turbine noise was perceived by about 85% of the respondents even when thecalculated A-weighted SPL were as low as 35.0-37.5 dB. This could be due to thepresence of amplitude modulation in the noise, making it easy to detect and difficult tomask by ambient noise.” (3468)

Key QuotesWind Turbine NoiseAn Analysis of the Epidemiology and Related Evidence on the Health Effects of WindTurbines on Local Residents, Carl V. Phillips, July 3, 2010“There is ample scientific evidence to conclude that wind turbines cause serious healthproblems for some people living nearby. Some of the most compelling evidence insupport of this has been somewhat overlooked in previous analyses, including that theexisting evidence fits what is known as the case-crossover study design, one of themost useful studies in epidemiology, and the revealed preference (observed behavior)data of people leaving their homes, etc., which provides objective measures of whatwould otherwise be subjective phenomena……The various attempts to dismiss theevidence that supports point 2 appear to be based on a combination ofmisunderstanding of epidemiologic science and semantic games.”

Key QuotesWind Turbine NoiseWind Farm Noise Guideline, Noise Measurement Services Pty Ltd., March, 2011New Zealand“Wind has audible and sub-audible character. That is, measurement of wind sound willalways present sound levels in the audible, low-frequency and infrasonic frequencies.Adverse health effects are due to extreme psychological stress from environmentalnoise, particularly low frequency noise with symptoms of sleep disturbance, headache,tinnitus, ear pressure, dizziness, vertigo, nausea, visual blurring, tachycardia, irritability,problems with concentration and memory, and panic attack episodes associated withsensations of internal pulsations when awake or asleep. Sound in the low frequenciescan be heard at relatively lower levels of “loudness”. The research documented in thisGuideline indicates “ordinary” wind has a laminar or smooth infrasound and lowfrequencyflow pattern when analyzed over short periods of time. Wind farm activityappears to create a “pulsing” infrasound and low-frequency pattern…The hypothesesderived from professional research reported here is that wind farm noise has anadverse effect on susceptible individuals due to these pressure variations as well asaudible noise due to the wind turbines. These effects may be cumulative.”

Wind Shear & Wind Veer

Cause of Aerodynamic Modulation“Amplitude modulation of the aerodynamic noise at blade passingfrequency must be due to differences in the environments experienced bya turbine blade as the rotor turns…From rotational symmetry, the onlydifferences in a blade’s environment as it sweeps round are due to (a) thedirection of gravity, (b) the presence of the support tower and (c) the windvelocity profile across the rotor swept area.”

Sound Sources from Wind TurbinesAcoustic Photograph Analysis“The pattern shows…the vortex shedding from the blade on thedownstroke.”Source:Wind Farm Noise Guideline,Noise Measurement Services Pty Ltd., March, 2011

Acoustical SetbackRecommended Setbacks from Residential PropertiesRecommended SetbackExpert1.5 kilometers French Academy of Medicine1.5 kilometers UK Noise Association2.0 kilometers Dr. Nina Pierpont (NY State)1.6 kilometers Dr. Amanda Harry (UK)1.5 kilometers Dr. Chris Hanning (UK)1.5 kilometers Acoustic Ecology Institute (USA)2.0 kilometers Frey and Hadden (UK)International Symposium - Oct. 2010International Symposium - Oct. 2010

Literature from Rome Wind Turbine Noise Conference, April 2011Dr. Shepherd Critique of Current Noise Modeling• “…it should be noted than globally there has been a systemicfailure in the prediction of noise levels and sound characteristicsemanating from wind turbine installations.” (Shepherd, Witness Statement beforeEnvironmental Review Tribunal, 15.)• “…there is substantive international evidence showing that theseerrors are due to a lack of adequate methodology. Concern has,arguably, been nurtured by the lack of acknowledgementregarding the limitation of current methods.” (Shepherd, Witness Statement, 15.)• “…suffice to say that any noise contours based on existingmodels need to be extensively critiqued.” (Shepherd, Witness Statement, 15.)• “Indeed, drawing on my experiences in New Zealand, thedifferences between predicted noise levels presented duringsubmission periods and actual noise levels measured in the postcommissioningperiod leads me to have little faith in the currentmethodology.” (Shepherd, Witness Statement, 15.)

Literature from Rome Wind Turbine Noise Conference, April 2011Dr. Shepherd’s Opinions• “OPINION: Even at low noise levels wind turbines produceannoyance noise that can lead to serious health effects.” (Shepherd,Witness Statement before Environmental Review Tribunal, 15.)• “OPINION: Currently there is not a single credible research paperin the peer-reviewed literature stating that chronic wind turbinenoise is harmless to health. Contra to the assertion that windturbines have no health related effects, there is an emerging bodyof evidence informing us that under certain circumstances windturbine noise can have substantial physiological and psychologicalimpacts on individuals.” (Shepherd, Witness Statement, 35.)

Comparison of Bylaw ProvisionsIV. Expert Panel

Wind Turbine Sound and Health EffectsAn Expert Panel Review, December, 2009I. Dr. McCunney Presentation and Testimony• “The origin of this amplitude modulation is not fully understood. It was previouslyassumed that the modulation was caused when the blade went past the tower (giventhe tower disturbed the airflow), but it is now thought to be related to the difference inwind speed between the top and bottom of the rotation of a blade and directivity of theaerodynamic noise (Oerlemans and Schepers, 2009).In other words, the result of aerodynamic modulation is a perceivable fluctuation in thesound level of approximately once per second. The frequency content of thisfluctuating sound is typically between 500 Hz and 1,000 Hz, but can occur at higher andlower frequencies.” (3-5)• “Sounds from wind turbines were found to be more annoying than several otherenvironmental sources at comparable levels…The dominant quality of the sound was aswishing, the quality previously found to be the most annoying type.” (3-15)• “Response to wind turbine noise was significantly related to exposure expressed as A-weighted sound pressure levels dB. Among those who could hear wind turbine sound,annoyance with wind turbine noise was highly correlated to the sound characteristics;swishing, whistling, resounding and pulsating | throbbing (Pedersen, 2008).” (3-16)• “Wind speed at the hub height of a wind turbine at night may be up to twice as high asduring the day and may lead to annoyance from the amplitude modulated sound of thewind turbine (van den Berg, 2003)” (3-16)• “The main health effect of noise stress is disturbed sleep, which may lead to otherconsequences.” (4-3)

Comparison of Bylaw ProvisionsV. Pitch

Pitch versus Stall ControlVestas V-82 vs Nordex N-100• If Nordex had eliminated aerodynamic amplitude modulation noisewith newer controls and blade designs then we would have heardabout it all over the news.• “Whether pitch or stall control, it has not been shown that windturbine blades can maintain correct, optimal angle to the incomingwind with high wind shear and veer shear.” (Robert Rand Letter to Chris Seniedated June 13, 2011)Comparison of Nordex N-100 and Vestas V82 quoted sound power levels.10m wind speed, m/s 80m wind speed, m/s V82 Lw, dBA N‐100 Lw, dBA Difference, dBA3 4.1 101.1 96.8 ‐4.34 5.5 101.4 96.8 ‐2.65 6.8 101.6 101.1 ‐0.56 8.2 101.9 104.4 2.57 9.6 102.5 105.8 3.38 10.9 103.8 106 2.29 12.3 106.1 106 ‐0.110 13.7 108.4 106 ‐2.411 15 109.5 106 ‐3.512 16.4 109.5 106 ‐3.5

Comparison of Bylaw ProvisionsVI. Community SizedTurbines

Selecting a Community Wind TurbineA Scale Comparison

Community-Scale Wind TurbinesThe Woods Hole Research CenterFalmouth, MACountry GardenHyannis, MA

Alternative Turbine TypesQuietrevolution (QR5)QR5• Rotor: 5m High, 3m in Diameter• Total Height: 14m• Only 1 Moving Part• Maintenance limited to AnnualInspection• Eliminates Noise & Vibration• 7,500 kWh/year Energy OutputSource: http://www.quietrevolution.com/qr5-turbine.htm

New Generation WindConceptual Wind Turbine Layout Conforming to Proposed BylawQR5 or Equal(Typ.)Northwind 100or Equal (Typ.)

Comparison of Bylaw ProvisionsVII. Where Industrial SizedTurbines Have BeenInstalled

Where Have We Built Mega-Turbines – Population Density

New Generation Wind ProjectDeveloper’s Photo Simulation at Bournedale Elementary School

New Generation Wind ProjectDeveloper’s Photo Simulation at Bournedale Elementary School

Average Wind SpeedTown of Bourne, Massachusetts

Average Wind SpeedTown of Bourne, Massachusetts

Comparison of Bylaw ProvisionsVIII. A Sensible RenewableEnergy Plan

New Generation WindTestimony BeforeCape Cod CommissionHearing Sub-committeeJune 16, 2011CHRISTOPHER SENIESENIE & ASSOCIATES, P.C.

Comparison of Cape Area Wind TurbinesWind TurbineEquipmentBladeDia.(Meters)BladeDia.(Feet)NameplateOutput(kw/MW)HubHeight(Feet)TotalHeight(Blade Up)(Meters)TotalHeight(Blade Up)(Feet)BladeSweptArea(Sq Ft)BladeSweptArea(M2)Noise/ShadowSetback(10x RotorDia.)(Feet)SafetySetback“Clear Area”1.5x(hub+rotor)(Feet)Northwind 100(Woods Hole)Northwind21.069100 kw12150164689285Hull 1Vestas 4747.0154660 kw16473.524118,6751,7351,542477Mass MaritimeAcademyVestas 4747.0154660 kw16473.524118,6751,7351,542477Hull 2Vestas 8080.02621.80 MW23011036154,1105,0272,625738Falmouth 1Vestas 8282.02691.65 MW26212139756,8445,2812,690797New Class ofVery LargeTurbinesGE 2.5 xl, orSiemens2.3-101, orVestas V-100 x 1.8100 328 2.50 MW 328 150 492 84,540 7,854 3,281 984Meters to Feet1 = 3.2808399Square Meters to Square Feet1 = 10.7639104