NDMA Annual Report 2011 (26MB)

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Achievements, Challenges & Looking Aheadwww.ndma.gov.pkremained deficient in meeting the MIS needs ofdisaster management system. The iMMAPintervention remained inconclusive at the end of itsproject life with negligible value addition.4.2.7. Disaster Management at theCapitalThe Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT) has beenfacing the challenge of preparedness and responsemechanism for managing disasters. The Air Blueplane crash and frequent forest wildfires haveexposed the institutional weaknesses. Islamabadbeing located on the active fault line is exposed toearthquakes, thus necessitating mitigation andpreparedness measures. Absence of disastermanagement authority in Islamabad has been seenas an impediment to disaster response during theyear.4.2.8. Climate ChangeIn Pakistan, climate change raises concerns with itstremendous social, environmental and economicimpacts. Pakistan is frequently exposed to naturalhazards like floods, droughts and cyclones. Thesehazards when combined with the vulnerabilities inthe shape of poverty, exclusion, inappropriatepolicy decisions and actions make people moresusceptible to the impacts of hazards.Like other countries of the region, Pakistan is alsoexperiencing climate change, particularly a shift inmonsoon patterns. The frequency and intensity ofthe monsoons, coupled with geographic shiftcauses dual jeopardy in terms of forecasting theevents and developing response plans.The capacity of the government to cope with thesechallenges remains rather limited. The DRMinstitutions lack access to researches on climatechange impacts and plans on adaptation,mitigation, and disaster risk reduction.4.2.9. Nuclear, Biological andChemical DisastersNuclear disasters / accidents like Fukushima(Japan) have a long time effect on health of thepopulace, and biodiversity of the regions. Theseverity of these disasters entails putting in placestringent measures to protect the flora and fauna.The threat necessitates a crucial coordinationmechanism for managing such disasters. Being aspecialized subject, it needs special focus onreviewing the preparedness level and responseinfrastructure.4.2.10. District Level CapacityDespite notifications throughout the country,many districts still lack DDMAs to steer all disastermanagement activities across different sectors.Even the existing DDMAs lack human, materialand financial resources to undertake the disastermanagement activities. Though the DDMAs areheaded by the DCs / DCOs, there is no technicalhuman resource available to assist in disasterrelatedplanning and implementation.4.2.11. Camp Management and ReliefDistributionThe NDM Act entrusts the responsibility ofimplementing disaster response on the provincialgovernments. However, due to the limitedcapacity of the district governments, effective campmanagement and coordination functionsremained a major challenge. Documentation ofthe movement of flood affected people and relatedlogistics inventories have been a point of concern.This resulted in issues related to distribution ofrelief goods in the field.4.2.12. Response and ContingencyPlansThough some efforts put in the formulation ofindividual hazard-related response andcontingency plans in the past, there is a greaterneed of updating the same due to newerdimensions of disasters being faced in the country.Such plans generally take into account thehistorically recorded disaster scenarios and seemto have less relevance with surprises that needelaborate response. The monsoon floods of 2011have been a clear example of such surprise.52 Annual Report 2011Chapter 4
www.ndma.gov.pkResponding Achievements, to Disasters: Challenges A Year & Looking a Retrospect Ahead4.2.13. Land Use Planning &Building CodesLand use planning has remained a seriousconcern, especially with respect to digitization ofland records, demarcation of waterways, planningfor settlements along water bodies andenforcement of Provincial Canal and DrainageActs. The Floods 2010 and 2011 causeddevastation primarily due to lack of proper waterflows.Though the law provides for land zonation andbuilding codes for disaster managementinterventions, there remains a considerable lag onupdating these codes and subsequentenforcements. Limited engagement of the relevantinstitutions and their technical subsidiaries tends tointensify vulnerabilities of buildings andinfrastructure; thereby aggravating the disasterimpact.4.2.14. Disaster Response ForceDisaster Response Force is supposed to be themost vibrant mechanism for disaster response.Though NDMA is mandated under law toestablish a National Disaster Response Force; yetlack of financial resources has been majorimpediment in realizing this initiative.The model of Punjab Emergency Services (Rescue1122), being a good example of trained, structuredand well-equipped disaster response force needs tobe replicated in all other federating units.4.2.15. Early Warning SystemPakistan is vulnerable to all kinds of naturaldisasters, warranting strong multi-hazard earlywarning systems for timely information. Thesystem is not fully operational due to capacityconstraints. Early warning system, particularlyagainst flash floods / hill torrents, needs to bestrengthened. Although our short range weatherforecasting capability is quite impressive, however,there is a need to significantly enhance Pakistan'smedium and long-range weather forecastingcapability.Chapter 44.2.16. Mainstreaming DRRMainstreaming DRR into DevelopmentThough NDMA was able to convince the PlanningCommission of Pakistan for incorporating DRRchecklist into development planning, theenforcement thereof is yet to be seen. DisasterImpact Assessment (DIA), being an integral part ofany feasibility study of mega developmentinvestment has not been enforced in Pakistan. Thedesign flaws of Left Bank Outfall Drain,Mohammad Wala Bridge on river Chenab andbreaching sections under major railroad networksbear witness to the fact.Mainstreaming DRR into CurriculumDue to devolution of education sector to theprovinces, the function of curriculumdevelopment stands delegated to the provincialgovernments. The disaster themes needingintegration with the mainstream education systemhas become rather difficult. The NDMA isendeavoring to develop material for curriculumrevision, incorporating disaster perspective.Coordination for adoption of the revisions sorecommended would however, remains achallenge.Community-Based Disaster RiskManagementThe communities, by and large, do not haverequisite level of awareness about disaster-relatedissues and their management thereof. This wouldentail a mass-scale social mobilization andresource injection to organize, train and equipcommunities in potentially hazardous areas.Though the international community seemspoised to assist in this regard, the commitmentfrom the government in terms of resourceallocation could expedite the effort.4.2.17. Gender MainstreamingThe vulnerable groups of society needing specialcare and attention tend to be at the mercy of serviceAnnual Report 2011 12 53
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Annual Report2011National Disaster
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NDMA Annual Report 2011 (26MB)

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