SPACECRAFT PROPULSION - KTH

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- 13 -B) Propulsion Systems with externally supplied energy topropellant, comprising e.g. electric propulsion. The energy toproduce thrust is not stored in the propellant but has to besupplied from outside by an extra power source, e.g. nuclear,solar radiation receivers (solar cells) or batteries. These systemscontain:- Storage and feed system that stores and feeds the propellantto the thrusters to generate thrust.- Valves, piping which connects the propellant storage systemwith the thruster.- Electric control unit to operate electrically the valves andthrusters.- Electric power generator and power processing system.ElectricalPowerGeneratorPowerProcessingSystemControl Unit,Harness,Piping, etc.ElectricalThrusterAssemblyPlasma/Ion JetPropellantStorage andFeed SystemFigure 3: Schematic of Electrical Propulsion Systems
- 14 -According to Fig. 3 and with Eq. (16) the I ssp for electricpropulsion systems can be written:IsspmH / WItot mPSS mEl(22)with m El , to be added to the system mass with regard to chemicalpropulsion. The m El comprise the mass the electrical powergenerator, the power processing system and the electricalthrusters assembly which are proportional to the power to behandled by electric propulsion systems; see coloured box ofFig. 3.The following types of propulsion systems are part of systems withexternally supplied energy to propellant, i.e. electric propulsion:- Electrothermal systems (resistojet and arc-jets):Here thrust is produced by expansion of hot gas (which is heatedby electric current) in a nozzle.- Electromagnetic systems (magnetoplasmadynamic: MPD).- Electrostatic systems (ion engines: Kaufman, radio-frequency,field emission, stationary plasma):Here thrust is produced by acceleration of charged particles inelectric or magnetic fields to high expulsion velocities.More details about electric propulsion are presented in Chapters 4.3below.Eqs. (21) and (22) for I ssp of the various propulsion systems have incommon the same numerator, representing the total impulse
Page 6 and 7: -iv -Standard NotationsStandard not
Page 8 and 9: - 1 -1 INTRODUCTIONThis booklet sum
Page 10 and 11: - 3 -The main features of jet propu
Page 12: - 5 -This expresses that the spacec
Page 17 and 18: - 10 -3.2.3 Evaluation of Mass of P
Page 19: - 12 -With regard to the system-spe
Page 23 and 24: - 16 -Historically, chemical propul
Page 25 and 26: - 18 -gases leave the outlet of the
Page 27 and 28: - 20 -The vaporising liquid system
Page 30 and 31: - 23 -Further, for vaporising liqui
Page 32 and 33: - 25 -ConclusionAlthough of moderat
Page 34 and 35: G- 27 -4.2.3 MonopropellantMonoprop
Page 36 and 37: - 29 -System-specific Impulse, I ss
Page 38 and 39: - 31 -Table 4: Ranges of typical Pr
Page 40 and 41: - 33 -4.2.4 BipropellantBipropellan
Page 42 and 43: - 35 -management devices), propella
Page 44 and 45: - 37 -From Eq. (41) it is obvious t
Page 46 and 47: - 39 -4.2.5 General System Design C
Page 48 and 49: - 41 -System-specific Impulse, I ss
Page 50 and 51: - 43 -4.3 Electric Propulsion4.3.1
Page 52 and 53: - 45 -To the above described catego
Page 54 and 55: - 47 -4.3.2 Propulsion System Desig
Page 56 and 57: - 49 -Fig.17, has to be considered
Page 58 and 59: - 51 -The term of an optimal exhaus
Page 60 and 61: - 53 -resulting in a maximum value
Page 62 and 63: - 55 -Table 8 notes the differences
Page 64 and 65: - 57 -5 PROPULSION SYSTEMS SELECTIO
Page 66 and 67: - 59 -m PS/m S/C1,0I ssp=193 Ns/kg(
Page 68 and 69: - 61 -In considering the merits of
Page 70 and 71:
- 63 -Table 11: Survey: Typical Can
Page 72 and 73:
- 65 -6.1 Potential Improvement of
Page 74 and 75:
- 67 -6.2 Potential Improvement of
Page 76 and 77:
- 69 -6.3 New ApproachesNew approac
Page 78 and 79:
- 71 -Extensive research has been p
Page 80 and 81:
- 73 -8 MISSION SURVEILLANCE OFPROP
Page 82 and 83:
- 75 -[9 W. Inden; “Development R
Page 84:
Notes
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SPACECRAFT PROPULSION - KTH

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