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Taking a "Balanced" View of the Public InterestHalliday Report by J. Roberts and by A. von Hirsch in (2002) Punishment andSociety.111 D. Garland, The Culture of Control (2001), p. 132; see also C. Shearing,"Punishment and the Changing Face of Governance", (2001) Punishment andSociety 203, and P.O'Malley (ed.), Crime and the Risk Society (1998).112 A. von Hirsch, "Law and Order", in A. von Hirsch and A. Ashworth (eds),Principled Sentencing (2nd ed., Hart, 1998), p. 413.113 M. Koskenniemi, "The Effect of Rights on Political Culture", in P. Alston(ed.), The EU and Human Rights (Oxford U.P., 1999), p. 100.114 See www.parliament.uk/commons/selcom/hrhome.htm.115 e.g. in John Murray v. U.K. (1996) 22 E.H.R.R. 29, and in Saunders v. U.K. (1997)23 E.H.R.R. 313.116 See the discussion of Brown v. Stott and of Allen in Chap. 2, pp. 64-67, andabove, p. 116-117; although I have argued that the reasoning of the PrivyCouncil and House of Lords in these two cases is not faithful either to theHuman Rights Act or to the Convention, there remains the possibility that theStrasbourg Court will treat the Convention as a "living instrument" and willcarve out a new exception to reflect the fact that many Contracting Stateshave legislation similar to the British. See Sedley (above, n. 81) for theargument that the Strasbourg Court ought to take this approach.117 Discussed above, pp. 77-80.118 Doorson v. Netherlands (1996) 22 E.H.R.R. 330, para. 72; see also Van Mechelenv. Netherlands (1997).119 (2000) 30 E.H.R.R. 1.120 ibid., para. 61.121 cf. the decisions in Jasper v. U.K. (2000) 30 E.H.R.R. 441 and Pitt v. U.K. (2000)30 E.H.R.R. 480, in both of which the Court divided almost equally on theadequacy of counterbalancing procedures.122 C. Douzinas, "Justice and Human Rights in Postmodernity", in C. Gearty andA. Tomkins (eds), Understanding Human Rights (Pinter, 1996), pp. 129-130,discussed in Chap. 2, above, pp. 86-87.123 This adapts the theory of J. Braithwaite and P. Pettit, Not Just Deserts: aRepublican Theory of Criminal Justice (Oxford U.P., 1990); for criticism, see A.von Hirsch and A. Ashworth, "Not Not Just Deserts: a Response toBraithwaite and Pettit", (1992) 12 O.J.L.S. 83.124 See also A. Sanders and R. Young, Criminal Justice (2nd ed., Butterworths,2000), who argue (p. 52) that when human rights and other interests are beingcompared, the approach "that is likely to enhance freedom the most" shouldbe chosen, since the various conflicting considerations (human rights, protectingthe innocent, convicting the guilty, protecting victims, maintaining publicorder, etc.) should be seen "as means to achieving the overriding goal offreedom."125 Above, n. 91 and text thereat.126 K. Giinther, "The Legacies of Injustice and Fear: a European Approach toHuman Rights and their Effects on Political Culture", in P. Alston (ed.), TheEU and Human Rights (Oxford U.P., 1999); M. Loughlin, "Rights, Democracyand Law", in T. Campbell, K.D. Ewing and A. Tomkins (eds), Sceptical Essayson Human Rights (Oxford U.P., 2001).127 See, e.g. Rowe and Davis and Doorson, notes 117-118 above.128 See Emmerson and Ashworth, Human Rights and Criminal Justice (Sweet &Maxwell, 2001), Chap. 16.DEMO138
INDEXAcquittalprocedure for mistaken 38Adjudicationaccurateconstraints on pursuit of 9primary objective 7value of 6-9Anti-Terrorism, Crime andSecurity Act 2001certification under 108derogation from ECHR 128detention without trial under30Joint Committee on HumanRights criticism 109Anti-terrorist measuresresponse to 2Bailpublic interest considerations29-32, 42-43right to 13, 14, 30-31Bentham, Jeremyapproach of 7-9Burden of proofdefence, on 16-17Parliament, imposed by 17persuasive. See Evidentialburden of proofprosecution, on 14reversal 16-17, 63, 68, 85, 99,112Charter of Fundamental Rightsof the European Union 2000rights recognised by 81Communicationvalue of 10Companies Act 1985compulsory powers under 59Confessionsfalse 8categories 24Controlled Drugs (Penalties) Act1985penalties under 102Convictionsdefendants' previous 8referral to the Court of Appeal38wrongfuleffect of 112-113protection from 115Council of Europecrime policy recommendations109-110serious crime and humanrights 110Courtaccess rights 28-30, 42breach 53-55implied 63limitations on 63Court of Appealreferral of convictions to 38Crime and Disorder Act 1998anti-social behaviour orderunder 95Criminal Cases ReviewCommissionreferral of convictions 38
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THEKAMLYNHuman Rights, Serious Crim
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TABLE OF CONTENTSAcknowledgementsCo
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The Hamlyn Lectures1961 British Jus
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The Hamlyn Lectures1989 Protection
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The Hamlyn TrustProfessor N. Dawson
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Table of CasesBrown (Margaret) v. S
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Table of CasesLooseley [2001] UKHL
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Table of CasesVan Mechelen v. Nethe
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Why bother with Rights when Public
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Why bother with Rights ivhen Public
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Evaluating the Strasbourg and Briti
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Page 118 and 119: Taking a "Balanced" View of the Pub
Page 164 and 165: IndexCriminal Justice and Police Ac
Page 166 and 167: IndexFair trial rights—cont.curta
Page 168 and 169: IndexPublic interest—cont.fundame
Page 175 and 176: Does the United Kingdom StillHave a
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