secondary data review on the food security situation in the kyrgyz ...

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Crop production during the 2007/08 season 12 According to the National Statistics Committee (NCS), the total cropped area increasedby 2.8% in 2008 compared to 2007 13 . Total area sown on wheat (winter and spring) andbarley was estimated at 830,000 ha. During 2008, lack of water, hail storms, spring frost and locust infestation affected severalparts of the country and damaged the agricultural production. While the area sown towheat increased by over 30,000 ha, frost and a dry summer affected growth. Frost in Aprilalso caused damage to fruits, doffer and winter wheat crops in Chui and Talas oblasts, twomajor producing areas. The Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) estimated a combined spring and winter cereal harvest of1.502 million tons (including 0.784 tons of wheat). However, a WFP mission in August 2008estimated the harvest at 1.234 million tons (including 1.176 million tons of wheat). FAO forecasts the 2008 grain and pulse harvest at 1.5 million tons, 91% of the average2003-2007 and the second poor harvest in a row 14 . Based on an annual cereal per capita consumption of 250 kg wheat and 2.45 kg of rice, andaccounting for harvest losses and non-food uses, the cereal balance for 2008 calculated bythe WFP mission results in a requirement of 0.475 million tons of imports, including 0.469 ofwheat. The MoA’s estimates are of 0.575 million tons of wheat imports, while FAOestimates 0.300 million tons of wheat import requirements. Producer prices for wheat grain, milk and vegetables have increased over the periodJanuary-June 2008, compared to the same period of 2007. They have doubled for wheat,and increased by 1.4 times for milk and 1.3 for vegetables. On the other hand, potato priceshave decreased compared to 2007 (by about 30%) 15 . The food supply situation has been tense owing to high cereal prices and a ban onexports of wheat and vegetable oil from Kazakhstan during the final months of the 2007/08marketing year. However, the ban on wheat exports was lifted in September and accordingto FAO the country should not face difficulties in mobilizing its cereal import requirements.Given good harvests in Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan, and expectations for Kyrgyzstanitself, prices for wheat are expected to fall from the high levels of the summer. The World Bank and FAO have pledged US$4.45 million to purchase wheat (enough forabout 100,000 tons). For the next winter and next planting season, some of the main concerns are:o Poor wheat harvest in some areas has restricted the availability of wheat seeds.o Lack of hay and fodder for animals in areas when the drought in the spring of 2008affected pastures and crops.o High prices of fertilizer, rendering their already limited use all the more difficult.o Possible disruptions of irrigation due to the very low level of water in the mainreservoirs, particularly the Togtogul reservoir that covers 40% of the energy needs ofthe country. Daily electricity cuts have taken place in 2008 and are likely to increase in2009.o Electricity cuts may also affect the working schedules of wheat mills in remote areas,hence making it difficult for families to obtain flour.12 Regional Market Survey for the Central Asia Region – World Food Programme, Draft, September200813 Food Security Information Bulletin No.2/2008 – National Statistics Committee, Bishkek, 200814 FAO Global Information and Early Warning System (GIEWS), 17 September 200815 Food Security Information Bulletin of the Kyrgyz Republic, No.2/2008 – National Statistics Committee,Bishkek, 20089
Livestock The livestock sector suffered dramatic production decreases after the break up of theformer Soviet Union. Its recovery was slower than the crop sector. Sheep and goat numbersfell by 60% between 1991 and 1996 and currently represent 2.7 million heads. Cattlenumbers fell by 15% and represent 0.6 million heads. There are also horses (0.15 million) and yaks (9,000), as well as a small pig sub-sector andpoultry industry (0.5 million layers). Livestock is predominantly owned in households and peasant farmer units. As such,livestock numbers per unit are very small and easily managed. Winter carrying capacitylimits the number per holding and regulates summer grazing stocking rates 16 . An estimated 40,000 people are seasonal nomads. Spring-borne male calves are usually sold off the mountain ranges or fed with home-grownfodder and grain during winter and sold as fattened steers. Some households regularly buildup cattle herds to 2-3 milking cows in order to produce extra female followers to sell aftercalving as cow-calf couples in spring. Sheep and goat systems are seasonal, involving:o spring lambing;o transhumant mountain grazing (jylo) of the whole flock by family members or ingroups of flocks by village shepherds;o late summer/autumn weaning of male lambs for sale as slaughter stock or stores;o retention of around 50% of ewe-lambs to replace older ewes as breeding stockmembers;o sale of surplus ewe-lambs for slaughter, stores or breeding stock;o fattening of older, cull ewes at the household for eating or sale. Winter-carrying capacity determines the size of the household’s breeding flock which, inturn, depends on a variety of home-produced feeds including the poorer quality wheat,maize and barley grain, and by-products such as straw, stover and bran to supplement inbyegrazing and locally-produced meadow and lucerne hay. Around 25% of pasture has become more or less degraded, and more than 90% of theterritory of the country is prone to desertification 17 . The poultry sector has massively declined in the post-independence period. Out of 11poultry factories, only 4 were left. Livestock productivity is generally low (e.g., 75-80% lambing). However, productivity andoverall production of livestock products (milk, meat, eggs) in January-June 2008 increasedcompared with the corresponding period in 2007 18 . Cattle, sheep, goats and horses’ conditions observed during a WFP mission in August 2008were good. Transhumant patterns were normal in both the northern and southern grazingareas. Selling practices were following the traditional trends. Prices were firm and traders’ expectations were that the prices would remain firm until theregular annual sales began in September, as stock return from summer grazing, and whenprices usually fall. On state farms, sheep prices decreased in the past 2 years between January-March,suggesting increased sales or poorer quality animals in the long winter months.16 Regional Market Survey for the Central Asia Region – World Food Programme, Draft, September200817 Kyrgyz Republic: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Progress Report – International Monetary FundCountry Report No.04/200, July 200418 Food Security Information Bulletin of the Kyrgyz Republic, No.2/2008 – National Statistics Committee,Bishkek 200810
Page 1 and 2: SECONDARY DATA REVIEW ON THE FOOD S
Page 3 and 4: Food consumption, nutritional statu
Page 5 and 6: II - Demography and societyDemograp
Page 7 and 8: The country has gone through a diff
Page 9 and 10: for services and 47% for industry).
Page 11: The national food balance situation
Page 15 and 16: Energy policies do not seem to cont
Page 17 and 18: For the 2007/08 agricultural campai
Page 19 and 20: VI - Economic situation and poverty
Page 21 and 22: of its TACIS programme), UNDP, Isla
Page 23 and 24: 4% to 5% were noted. Extreme povert
Page 25 and 26: the poor were twice higher than of
Page 27 and 28: Unemployment rose to 8% in 2005. Ho
Page 29 and 30: Many young Kyrgyz workers find it m
Page 31 and 32: oRemittances contribute significant
Page 33 and 34: largest among the poor irrespective
Page 35 and 36: destination of products purchased i
Page 37 and 38: ooochildren under 16 years (and pup
Page 39 and 40: Nonetheless, the UMB programme rema
Page 41 and 42: The main difference between them ma
Page 43 and 44: At national level, per capita calor
Page 45 and 46: o19% of the population are both poo
Page 47 and 48: There is also a need to set up a re
Page 49 and 50: Initiation (anybreastfeeding)Exclus
Page 51 and 52: health insurance (in 2006) has enab
Page 53 and 54: low in Jalal-Abad, Naryn and Talas
Page 55 and 56: A continuing surge in consumer pric
Page 57 and 58: Overall producer price inflation wa
Page 59 and 60: However, faced with the risk of foo
Page 61 and 62: oofinancing a topping up of unit be
Page 63 and 64:
Fuel imports could be reduced by mo
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secondary data review on the food security situation in the kyrgyz ...

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