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Chapter Five: SimilarityI Complex Vector Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353I.1 Review of Factoring and Complex Numbers* . . . . . . . . . 354I.2 Complex Representations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356II Similarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358II.1 Definition and Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358II.2 Diagonalizability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360II.3 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364III Nilpotence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373III.1 Self-Composition* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373III.2 Strings* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377IV Jordan Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387IV.1 Polynomials of Maps and Matrices* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387IV.2 Jordan Canonical Form* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395Topic: Method of Powers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408Topic: Stable Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412Topic: Page Ranking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414Topic: <strong>Linear</strong> Recurrences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418AppendixPropositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1Quantifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3Techniques of Proof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4Sets, Functions, and Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6∗ Starred subsections are optional.

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