Baseline Study of Striga Control using IR Maize in Western Kenya

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Chapter 7Policy and Institutional IssuesPolicies and institutional arrangements play a key role in the development of the agriculturalsector. During the focus group discussion conducted during the survey, villagers were askedto provide information on services received from governmental and non-governmentalorganisations (NGOs) and to assess the effectiveness of government policies on agricultureand livelihoods.7.1 Awareness about governmental and non-governmental organisations and theiractivitiesMany villages were not aware of the activities of governmental and non-governmentalorganisations in their immediate environment. Out of 16 villages of Nyanza province, onlyfive were aware of the presence of government and non-government projects in theirimmediate environment. The awareness was better in Kisumu district compared to otherdistricts. For Western, less than half of the communities that participated in the village levelsurvey indicated that they were aware of the presence of governmental and non-governmentalorganisations in their immediate environment through the activities of their agencies (Figure7.1).Figure 7.1. Number of villages with government and non-governmental projects inwestern KenyaNumber of villages1614121086420NyanzaWesternGovernmentNGOThe types of programs/services provided by the government appear in Table 7.1. Ruralcommunities easily associate the government interventions to the construction of roads,supply of drinking water and agricultural projects. Unfortunately, these neededprograms/services are reaching out to only few rural communities. In Kisumu where access towater is a major bottleneck and drought an important farming constraint, there was norecorded program on the supply of drinking or irrigation water in the sampled villages.46
Table 7.1. Types of development programs/services sponsored by government (numberof villages)All Nyanza WesternN 32 16 16Supply of drinking water 7 3 4Irrigation water 1 1 0Roads 9 3 6Electricity 2 0 2Agricultural projects 7 1 6Build schools/educational infrastructure 4 1 3Pit latrines 0 0 0Health and sanitation 1 1 0Community capacity building for development 2 0 2N = Total number of villagesNGOs are expected to complement the government in supplying services to its population.Results in Table 7.2 however, show that NGOs do not do better than the government becausethe number of villages serviced is still very small. The beneficial effects of NGOs are feltessentially in the agricultural sector. Many NGOs are involved in capacity building andcommunity development. However, respondents could not easily single out this serviceprovided by NGOs, probably because it is often embedded into the agricultural projects.Table 7.2. Types of development programs/services sponsored by non-governmentalorganisations (number of villages)All Nyanza WesternN 32 16 16Supply of drinking water 5 1 4Irrigation water 0 0 0Roads 0 0 0Electricity 1 0 1Agricultural projects 9 4 5Build schools/educational infrastructure 0 0 0Pit latrines 2 0 2Health and sanitation 3 0 3Community capacity building for development 0 0 0N = Total number of villagesIn Western province, the ranking can be done on the districts that benefit from programssponsored by both governmental and non-governmental organisations in that decreasingnumber of villages: Vihiga (12), Bungoma (11), Busia (6) and Teso (6). The same analysismade for Nyanza resulted in the following decreasing ranking of districts: Kisumu (5), Siaya(4), Bondo (3) and Nyando (3).The above analysis shows that the coverage of development programs/services is better inWestern than in Nyanza. This difference in the coverage is likely to induce a bias in thedevelopment of the two provinces. Nyanza must attract NGOs and more governmentprograms in the future than what it has been able to achieve in the past.7.2 Level of awareness of government policies on agriculture and livelihoodsThe assessment of government policies considered the perceptions of rural communitiesabout the positive effects of those policies. Rural communities also listed what theyconsidered as failures by the government policies. On the positive side, villagers recognisedthat government policies have contributed to the development of basic infrastructure (roads,water supply and electricity), development of market and ease of access to the markets. Other47
Page 5 and 6: Acronyms and AbbreviationsAATF Afri
Page 7: control technologies. Promoting bot
Page 10 and 11: Figure 1.1. GIS maps showing sample
Page 12 and 13: ln(maizeoutput ) = β + β ln(Land
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 2Socioeconomic Characterist
Page 17 and 18: Figure 2.2. Major forms of financia
Page 19 and 20: Another interesting parameter on hu
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 3Crop Production and Produc
Page 23 and 24: Table 3.3. Seed use in NyanzaLong r
Page 25 and 26: Table 3.5. Crop productivity (kg/ha
Page 27 and 28: Chapter 4Striga and Striga Control
Page 29 and 30: N 402 400Uprooting (%) 82.3 86.0Bur
Page 31 and 32: of seed (Table 4.9). For the sustai
Page 33 and 34: Table 5.2. Household income in both
Page 35 and 36: Table 5.3. Logit model estimates of
Page 37 and 38: household members were used for thi
Page 39 and 40: nutritional status of children are
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 6Empirical Analysis of Maiz
Page 43 and 44: Land × Labour β 12-0.011 -0.385La
Page 45: 50-75 45 53 54 5475-100 29 18 25 24
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 8Conclusions and Recommenda
Page 51 and 52: promise for unlocking the maize pro
Page 53: Ray SC. 1985. Measurement and test

Baseline Study of Striga Control using IR Maize in Western Kenya

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