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226 SCIENTIFIC POSTER SESSION | FOYERSCIENTIFIC POSTER SESSION | FOYER227Free contributionTopic: African savannas biodiversity - past, present, futureDIVERSITY PATTERNS AND LEAF CHARACTERISTICS OFTERRESTRIAL FERNS ALONG AN ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT INECUADORTHE WEST AFRICAN VEGETATION DATABASELaura Salazar 1 , Michael Kessler 2 , Jürgen Kluge 2 , Jürgen Homeier 1 , DiegoTorres 3Marco Schmidt 1 , Thomas Janssen 2 , Adjima Thiombiano 4 , Brice Sinsin 5 ,Ali Mahamane 6 , Bienvenu Sambou 7 , Mipro Hien 8 , Karen Hahn 9 , AnneMette Lykke 3 , Georg Zizka 1WEDNESDAY | FOYER1Göttingen Universität, Göttingen, DE, inecotu@gmail.com, 2 University of Zürich,Zürich, CH, 3 Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, EcuadorIn this work, we are studying the changes in the diversity and abundance ofterrestrial fern species along an altitudinal gradient (500 m – 4000 m) on theeastern Andean slope (Reserva Biósfera Sumaco and Reserva Ecológica Antisana)in Ecuador. At each elevation level, three permanent plots (20 m x 20 m) wereestablished for the study. All terrestrial fern individuals were permanentlymarked and registered. Furthermore, of the most common species, maturefronds were sampled and dried to evaluate the average leaf-area/leaf-lengthratios, the specific leaf areas, and the foliar nutrient contents.We obtained a total of 3684 terrestrial fern individuals on the 21 study plots.Both the number of species and the number of individuals showed clearlyhump-shaped elevational patterns. This corresponds to the common patternof fern diversity in tropical mountains and to the pattern which we aim to studyin detail.1Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main, DE, mschmidt@senckenberg.de, 2 NationalBotanical Garden, Meise, be, 3 University of Aarhus, Aarhus, DK, 4 University ofOuagadougou, Ouagadougou, BF, 5 University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, BJ,6University Abdou Moumouni, Niamey, NE, 7 University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar,SN, 8 Polytechnical University of Bobo-Dioulasso, Bobo-Dioulasso, BF, 9 GoetheUniversity, Frankfurt am Main, DEThe West African Vegetation Database is an online database of vegetation datafor West Africa. It has been developed to foster digitization and exchange ofvegetation data in West Africa and at the same time ensure a safe long termdata storage. It includes simple species inventories, phytosociological anddendrometrical relevés. Data holders can chose between different data accessoptions (private, shared with selected users, public) to encourage data entryat an early stage. An offline database with synchronisation functions can bedownloaded for data entry during field work or under insufficient internetconnectivities.Wednesday WEDNESDAY 16:00 | FOYER | FoyergtöSociety for Tropical Ecology | Gesellschaft für Tropenökologie e.V. Status and future of tropical biodiversity | Frankfurt, 21 - 24 February 2011gtö
228 SCIENTIFIC POSTER SESSION | FOYERSCIENTIFIC POSTER SESSION | FOYER229Free contributionFRAGMENTATION-INDUCED EDGE EFFECTS ON THE TOP-DOWN-CONTROL OF INSECT HERBIVORES IN THE ATLANTIC FOREST OFNORTHEAST BRAZILTopic: Tropical Aquatic Ecosystems: Diversity, ecophysiological processesconservationTHE IMPORTANCE OF SURFACE WATER SALINITY FOR VEGETATIONCHANGES IN THE WESTERN PART OF THE LAGOON SYSTEM OFTHE CIÉNAGA GRANDE DE SANTA MARTA (CARIBBEAN COAST OFCOLOMBIA)Susanna Schmidt 1 , Christoph Dohm 1 , Inara Leal 2 , Rainer Wirth 1Marie-Luise Schnetter 1 , Marina Röderstein 2 , Laura Perdomo 3 , CarlosVillamil 41Department of Plant Ecology and Systematics, University of Kaiserslautern,Kaiserslautern, DE, susanna.schmidt@live.de, 2 Department of Botany,Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, BR1Bot. Institut I, Gießen, DE, marie.reinhard@t-online.de, 2 Goethestr. 3, Grebenau-Schwarz, DE, 4 INVEMAR, Santa Marta, Colombia, 5 INVEMAR, Santa Marta,ColombiaWEDNESDAY | FOYERRecent studies have shown that herbivores drastically benefit from tropicalforest edges. The release of herbivore populations from their natural enemies(i.e. top-down regulation) in edge habitats has been suggested as an underlyingmechanism but empirical evidence is scarce. We hypothesized that predationpressure is reduced along forest edges compared to in the forest interior due toadverse edge effects on forest-dwelling predators.We used the artificial caterpillar method (Koh & Menge 2006) to assess the bitemarks of predators on clay caterpillars as a measure for predation pressure oninsect herbivores in a large forest remnant of the Atlantic forest in NE-Brazil.Twenty caterpillars were placed at systematic intervals in eight and ten 400-m2plots in the forest interior and along the forest edge, respectively. After 72 hoursthe caterpillars were retrieved from the forest to count the predation marks andassign them to easy-to-identify predator categories.Preliminary findings suggest that overall predation in edge plots was lower(26%) than in the forest interior (34%). Most bite marks were from mandibles(e.g. ants, wasps), followed by bird beaks and negligible numbers of rodentteeth. While predation by mandibles was strongly reduced along the forestedge, bird predation tended to be unaffected, suggesting that differentpredator guilds are differentially influenced by edge effects. Additional goals ofthis ongoing study are to evaluate the influence of environmental factors (e.g.vegetation density) and compare the results with analogous studies conductedalong temperate forest edges in the North Palatine Hills.In the last fifty years, the lagoon system of the Ciénaga Grande de SantaMarta (Colombia) was exposed to changes to its hydrological system. Thegradual reduction of freshwater supply from 1960 to 1995 resulted in salinityincrease and the death of 286 km2 of mangrove forests. With the purpose ofrestoring the ecosystem and renewing the freshwater supply, from 1995 to1998 several channels between the Magdalena River and the lagoon systemwere re-opened. Due to the incoming freshwater, supported in some years byintense rainfall, surface water salinity decreased rapidly in the western part ofthe lagoon system. In 1999, at many sites this value was below 3 ‰. At thesame time and in the same area, soil water salinity in a depth of 40 cm rangedfrom 13 ‰ to 59 ‰. The very low surface water salinity allowed freshwaterplants to establish and spread. Among them was Typha domingensis (cattail)which, up until the year 2001, covered large parts of former mangrove areaswhere mangrove recovery was delayed. After some years of minor rainfall and areduction of freshwater supply by the channels, surface water salinity increasedand the cattail died. Thus, mangroves got a chance to extend their coverage. Inthe year 2009, surface water salinity ranged from 2.6 to 15.15 ‰ at distancesof 15 to 25 km from the Magdalena River. Parallel to the salinity increase, thecomposition of the vegetation changed. At 15 km from the Magdalena River,well grown trees of Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa were foundin periodically flooded sites and in shallow water while T. domingensis andother freshwater plants were still present in deeper water. In comparison, at 25km the vegetation consisted of mangroves and halophytic herbs.Wednesday WEDNESDAY 16:00 | FOYER | FoyergtöSociety for Tropical Ecology | Gesellschaft für Tropenökologie e.V. Status and future of tropical biodiversity | Frankfurt, 21 - 24 February 2011gtö
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PROGRAMME OVERVIEWMONDAY, 21 FEBRUA
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Page 127 and 128: 244 NOTESNOTES245. . . . . . . . .
Page 129 and 130: 248 GENERAL INFORMATIONGENERAL INFO
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