96 PARALLEL SESSION HALL H III | ECOLOGICAL NETWORKSPARALLEL SESSION HALL H III | ECOLOGICAL NETWORKS 97LONG-DISTANCE SEED DISPERSAL BY TRUMPETER HORNBILLS IN AFRAGMENTED LANDSCAPECORONAVIRAL ZOONOSES IN TROPICAL BATS: INTERACTIONSBETWEEN HOSTS AND THE ENVIRONMENTWEDNESDAY 11:45 Hall H IIIJohanna Lenz 1 , Wolfgang Fiedler 2 , Tanja Caprano 1 , Wolfgang Friedrichs 1 ,Bernhard H. Gaese 3 , Martin Wikelski 2 , Katrin Boehnig-Gaese 11Bik-F, Frankfurt am Main, DE, johanna.lenz@senckenberg.de, 2 Max-PlanckInstitute <strong>for</strong> Ornithology, Radolfzell, Germany, , 3 Institue <strong>for</strong> Cell Biology andNeuroscience, Frankfurt am Main, DELong-distance seed dispersal plays an important role <strong>for</strong> the exchange ofplant propagules and genes between populations especially in fragmentedlandscapes. Frugivorous birds and bats provide important ecosystem servicesby transporting the seeds of fleshy-fruited plants. So far, it has been assumedthat the seed dispersal kernels generated by these highly mobile animals areleptokurtic, with a peak close to the seed source, followed by a rapid decline and along tail, resulting in little dispersal between fragmented habitat patches. In ourstudy we investigated the movement and seed dispersal patterns of TrumpeterHornbills (Bycanistes bucinator) in a fragmented landscape at the East Coast ofSouth Africa. GPS data loggers provide high quality location data without anybias against recording long distance movements. The data, stored in the tag, canbe downloaded to a handheld base station through a radio link. We obtained<strong>for</strong> 22 individuals on average 19 days of movement data per individual, withthe locations recorded every 15 min. Together with data of gut passage timeswe calculated distributions of seed dispersal distances. To evaluate whetherseed dispersal distributions differed between habitat types, we calculatedseed dispersal distributions over time periods when birds moved either onlywithin large continuous <strong>for</strong>ests or exclusive in the agricultural landscape. Seeddispersal distributions differed considerably between those habitat types. Incontinuous <strong>for</strong>ests the seed dispersal distribution was unimodal, whereas <strong>for</strong>agricultural areas we found a bimodal pattern. Furthermore, maximum seeddispersal distances were much longer in agricultural areas than in <strong>for</strong>est. Theseresults show that landscape structure strongly influences the movementbehavior and thus the seed dispersal pattern of Trumpeter Hornbills. The highmobility, frequent long distance flights and the high abundance of these birdssuggest that Trumpeter Hornbills play an essential role <strong>for</strong> long-distance seeddispersal among fragmented <strong>for</strong>ests.Stefan Klose 1 , Christian Drosten 4 , Heather Baldwin 6 , Heather Baldwin 1 ,Samuel Oppong 3 , Yaw Adu-Sarkodie 3 , Augustina Annan 5 , EvansNkrumah 3 , Michael Owusu 3 , Olivia Agbenyega 3 , Elisabeth Kalko 1 ,Elisabeth Kalko 21Ulm University, Ulm, DE, stefan.klose@uni-ulm.de, 2 Smithsonian <strong>Tropical</strong>Research Institute, Panama City, Panama, 3 Kwame Nkrumah University of Scienceand Technology, Kumasi, GH, 4 University of Bonn, Institute of Virology, Bonn, DE,5Kumasi Collaborative Center <strong>for</strong> Research in <strong>Tropical</strong> Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, ,6Macquarie University, Sydney, AUCoronaviruses (CoV) in bats (Chiroptera) have been identified in the aftermathof an epidemic in Asia as causal agent <strong>for</strong> the severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS). First surveys implicate that bats are the likely origin and reservoir ofthe majority of coronaviruses. Overall, CoV are believed to cause a significantpercentage of the common colds in humans. Currently, we understand littleabout the way and the frequency how transmission of bat-borne virusesincluding CoV to humans may occur. In particular, maintenance and amplificationof viruses in bats has remained largely unexplored as well as our understandingof barriers (molecular, physiological, behavioural) against host switching andecological factors that might influence virus prevalence. Recently, severalGerman and Ghanaian institutions have <strong>for</strong>med a DFG-funded research clusterwith the aim to better understand key aspects of virus biology, bat host ecologyand human behaviour as determinants of coronaviral zoonoses in tropicalecosystems. In our presentation, we address ecological aspects of coronaviralzoonoses and ask how bats may serve as a source of epidemics <strong>for</strong> humansand livestock. Our approach to the species barrier comes from two sides: (1)the ecological entry barrier on the host side and (2) the less well-definedinternal (cellular) replication barrier. At present, we know very little about howcoronaviruses are maintained in their host populations, how host diversity andmobility environmental factors affect viruses and their ability to enter newhost species. Understanding the link between emerging wildlife diseases andthe ecology of their hosts is crucial <strong>for</strong> our ability to assess global risks arisingfrom increasingly pressured ecosystems with decline in species diversity andchanges in community composition. We assume that anthropogenic habitatmodifications, i.e., degradation and fragmentation are likely to affect health ofbat host populations with direct and indirect implications <strong>for</strong> virus mobility andentry pathways into hosts including dead-WEDNESDAY 12:00 Hall H IIIgtö<strong>Society</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>Tropical</strong> <strong>Ecology</strong> | Gesellschaft für Tropenökologie e.V. Status and future of tropical biodiversity | Frankfurt, 21 - 24 February 2011gtö
98 PARALLEL SESSION HALL H III | ECOLOGICAL NETWORKSPARALLEL SESSION HALL H III | ECOLOGICAL NETWORKS 99end hosts such as humans. In a multidisciplinary approach we have set out tocharacterise the propensity of reservoir-borne CoV to switch hosts into humansand livestock by studying bat host interactions within ecosystems ranging fromthe potential role of arthropods as vectors to exposure of humans to vectorsand hosts. In our presentation, we provide an overview of our approach, currentconsortium activities and first resultsA functional perspective on cross-continental communityconvergence: predicting diversity patterns and communitycomposition in tropical anuran amphibian assemblages based ontrait-environment relationshipsRaffael Ernst 1,2 , Gwendolyn Landburg 3 , Alexander Keller 4 , Frank Dziock 21Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, A. B.Meyer Building, 01109 Dresden, Germany; 2 Department of Biodiversity Dynamics,Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. AB1, Rothenburgstr. 12, 12165 Berlin, Germany;3Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Environmental Department, NationalZoological Collection of Suriname / Center <strong>for</strong> Environmental Research, Leysweg9, Paramaribo, Suriname; 4 University of Würzburg, Department of Bioin<strong>for</strong>matics,Biozentrum Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, GermanyWEDNESDAY 12:00 Hall H IIIThe diversity within species assemblages does not necessarily represent arandom sample with respect to species traits and habitat templets are thoughtto shape these trait communities. While phylogenetically driven patterns ofconvergent trait evolution have been investigated intensively in the past, largescalepatterns of trait-habitat relations and potential convergence or divergencein these relationships remain elusive. We investigated potential convergentspecies-trait-habitat relation patterns in a cross-continental comparisonbetween tropical anuran assemblages from three important tropical ecoregions(Guiana Shield, South America; Upper Guinea Forest Block, West Africa;Borneo Montane Rain Forests, South-East Asia). We assessed the role of universalvs. unique habitat templets in shaping local or global trait assemblages whendifferent assembly mechanisms are operating. Large (> 25.000 individuals of84 different species, recorded on 549 independent sampling units, during >850 hours of standardized acoustic and visual sampling) anuran amphibiandata sets, at both the regional and cross-continental scale were analysed,applying a combination of established RLQ and novel permutation modelbased multivariate fourth corner statistics to test <strong>for</strong> trait-habitat relationshipsat both scales and to test a set of hypotheses developed to uncover potentialconvergent patterns across large geographic scales in assemblages with largelyindependent phylogenetic histories.WEDNESDAY 12:15 Hall H IIISpecies assemblages in the three global regions under comparison did notfollow strictly neutral assembly rules with respect to species trait-environmentrelations. Rather we found distinct yet variable trait-habitat relations. Despite theexistence of convergent trait patterns, we did not find evidence <strong>for</strong> the existenceof a universal cross-continental trait-habitat relationship at the communitygtö<strong>Society</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>Tropical</strong> <strong>Ecology</strong> | Gesellschaft für Tropenökologie e.V. Status and future of tropical biodiversity | Frankfurt, 21 - 24 February 2011gtö