Causality between Energy Consumption and GDP: Evidence from ...

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Appendix BHigh-developmentcountries(According to the HDI):Mid-developmentcountries(According to the HDI):Low-developmentcountries(According to the HDI):Argentina Albania AngolaAustralia Algeria BeninAustria Bangladesh CameroonBahrain Bolivia Congo RepublicBelgium Brazil Cote d’IvoireBrunei Bulgaria EthiopiaCanada China HaitiChile Colombia KenyaCosta Rica Congo MozambiqueCuba Dominican Republic NepalCyprus Ecuador NigeriaCzech Republic Egypt PakistanDenmark El Salvador SenegalFinland Gabon TanzaniaFrance Ghana YemenGermany Guatemala ZambiaGreece Honduras ZimbabweHong KongHungaryIcelandIrelandIsraelItalyJapanKoreaKuwaitLuxembourgMaltaMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalQatarSingaporeSlovakiaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTrinidad and TobagoUnited Arab EmiratesUnited KingdomUnited StatesUruguayIndonesiaIndiaIranJamaicaJordanLebanonLibyaMalaysiaMoroccoMyanmarNicaraguaOmanPanamaParaguayPeruPhilippinesRomaniaSaudi ArabiaSri LankaSudanThailandTogoTunisiaTurkeyVenezuelaVietnamPage 26 of 58
Table 1: Summary of energy-output* causality studiesStudies Countries Methodology PeriodResultsEnergy → OutputOutput → Energy1. Kraft & Kraft (1978) USA Sims 1947-1974 - GNP→E2. Akarca & Long (1979) USA Granger 1/1973-3/1978E→Emp.(-) -(monthly)3. Yu & Hwang (1984) USA Sims, Granger:1. E ,GNP1947-1979--2. E, Employment1948-1979-Emp.→E (Sims)4. Yu & Choi (1985) -USA-UK-Poland-S.Korea-PhilippinesSims, Granger 1950-1976 -Gas→GNP-Liquid fuels→GNPE→GNP---GNP→E-5.Erol & Yu (1987) USA Sims :1/73-6/84 (monthly) - -6. Erol & Yu (1988) -Japan-West Germany-Italy-Canada-France-UK(E, Emp.)Granger, Sims 1950-19821952-19821950-19731950-19821950-19731950-19821952-19821950-19731950-19821950-19731950-19821950-19731950-19821950-1973E→GNP-------E→GNP----E→GNPGNP→EGNP→EGNP→EGNP→E-GNP→E--------Page 27 of 58
Page 1 and 2: SEEDSSurrey Energy EconomicsDiscuss
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Page 15 and 16: level of significance. 10 From this
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Page 25 and 26: ReferencesAbosedra, S., Baghestani,
Page 27 and 28: Hwang, D. B. K., Gum, B. (1992) The
Page 29: Appendix AOECD countries:Non-OECD c
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