Causality between Energy Consumption and GDP: Evidence from ...
Causality between Energy Consumption and GDP: Evidence from ...
Causality between Energy Consumption and GDP: Evidence from ...
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Table 6 continuedCountries Variables ADF TestADF Test ResultsLevel P-value* Lags** Difference P-value* Lags**Myanmar <strong>Energy</strong> -2.1106 0.5187 0 -5.1265 0.0003 0 I(1)<strong>GDP</strong> -3.2865 0.0907 3 -3.1263 0.0360 0 I(1)Nepal <strong>Energy</strong> -37.2393 0.0000 8 I(0)<strong>GDP</strong> -1.4462 0.8230 2 -6.0910 0.0000 1 I(1)Nicaragua <strong>Energy</strong> -1.5939 0.7706 0 -4.9256 0.0005 0 I(1)<strong>GDP</strong> -1.2128 0.8889 0 -4.4170 0.0017 0 I(1)Nigeria <strong>Energy</strong> -1.9567 0.5995 0 -5.9416 0.0000 0 I(1)<strong>GDP</strong> -3.2370 0.0994 0 -2.2479 0.1956 3 I(2)Oman <strong>Energy</strong> -3.7567 0.0347 1 -3.7900 0.0081 1 I(1)<strong>GDP</strong> -2.5363 0.3097 1 -4.1639 0.0032 0 I(1)Pakistan <strong>Energy</strong> -2.2679 0.4370 0 -5.0568 0.0003 0 I(1)<strong>GDP</strong> -0.6914 0.9643 0 -5.1313 0.0003 0 I(1)Panama <strong>Energy</strong> -0.9983 0.9288 0 -4.3358 0.0021 0 I(1)<strong>GDP</strong> -2.7627 0.2215 1 -3.8408 0.0070 0 I(1)Paraguay <strong>Energy</strong> -5.0084 0.0023 3 I(0)<strong>GDP</strong> -2.0002 0.5760 1 -1.3717 0.5779 5 I(2)Peru <strong>Energy</strong> -1.1880 0.8944 0 -4.2207 0.0027 0 I(1)<strong>GDP</strong> -2.6902 0.2476 1 -3.7254 0.0092 0 I(1)Philippines <strong>Energy</strong> -1.8425 0.6578 0 -5.0152 0.0004 0 I(1)<strong>GDP</strong> -3.0747 0.1315 1 -3.5294 0.0149 1 I(1)Qatar <strong>Energy</strong> -2.8476 0.1954 5 -6.6065 0.0000 0 I(1)<strong>GDP</strong> -0.5003 0.9776 0 -4.8321 0.0006 0 I(1)Romania <strong>Energy</strong> -2.2673 0.4368 1 -3.0639 0.0412 0 I(1)<strong>GDP</strong> -2.5804 0.2910 1 -2.1754 0.2190 0 I(2)Saudi Arabia <strong>Energy</strong> -1.3751 0.8470 0 -2.7857 0.0732 0 I(1)<strong>GDP</strong> -2.9177 0.1718 0 -4.0378 0.0043 0 I(1)Senegal <strong>Energy</strong> -1.5231 0.7979 0 -5.7903 0.0001 0 I(1)<strong>GDP</strong> -2.5050 0.3235 0 -5.7881 0.0001 1 I(1)Singapore <strong>Energy</strong> -1.6829 0.7330 0 -4.0632 0.0040 0 I(1)<strong>GDP</strong> -3.3648 0.0767 1 -4.9351 0.0005 1 I(1)Sri Lanka <strong>Energy</strong> -1.9090 0.6241 0 -6.6185 0.0000 0 I(1)<strong>GDP</strong> -1.2684 0.8751 1 -7.0105 0.0000 0 I(1)Page 43 of 58
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