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The European Fire AntMyrmica rubrain British ColumbiaRob Higgins Ph.D.

lood levels of vitamin D (which can beachieved through supplementation) may helpfight off winter colds and flu by activatingantimicrobial peptides that attack bacteria,viruses and fungi, thereby boosting the body’sown immune defense system. 7In a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trialpublished in the journal Epidemiology andInfection, researchers showed that vitamin Dsupplementation had a protective effect againstcolds and flus. 7 The study involved 208 Afro-Caribbean post-menopausal women, a group thatis particularly at risk of vitamin D deficiency dueto their dark skin pigmentation (individuals withdark skin make less vitamin D with sun exposurecompared to those with lighter skin). 7 During thisthree-year study, half of the women received avitamin D supplement (800 IU daily for the firsttwo years; increased to 2,000 IU daily in the lastyear of the study), while the other half received aplacebo. Over the three-year period, those whotook the vitamin D supplements had a 70 percentreduction in colds and flu, compared to thosewho were taking the placebo. 7Jamieson Zinc Lozenges with Vitamins C & Dand Echinacea, provide zinc in the form of zincgluconate, which has been shown in clinicalstudies to reduce the severity and duration of thecommon cold. 1,2 They are specially formulatedwith vitamins C & D and Echinacea to enhanceimmune system functioning, and help to restoreand maintain optimal health. 3,4 Jamieson ZincLozenges with Vitamins C & D and Echinaceadissolve quickly in the mouth and are thusabsorbed more effectively than other forms,providing quick relief of cold and flu symptoms.Jamieson Zinc Lozenges with Vitamins C & Dand Echinacea are formulated from naturalsources and are pharmaceutically tested toguarantee full potency and absolute clinicalpurity.What makes Zinc Lozenges with Vitamins C &D and Echinacea from Jamieson Laboratoriesdifferent ……and why does that difference meanbetter?1) Provides zinc in the form of zinc gluconate, which hasbeen shown in clinical studies to reduce the severityand duration of the common cold. 1,22) Specially formulated with vitamins C and D toenhance immune system functioning, and help restoreand maintain optimal health. 3,43) Natural honey lemon flavour4) Dissolve quickly in the mouth and are thus absorbedmore effectively than other forms, providing quickrelief of cold and flu symptoms.5) Manufactured according to the 360 Pure protocol,which involves a minimum of 360 quality-control teststhat guarantee traceability and reliability of rawmaterials, product safety, full potency and absoluteclinical purity.INGREDIENT INFORMATIONAvailable as 30 lozenges.Each lozenge contains:Zinc (Zinc gluconate)………………….10 mgVitamin C……………………………..100 mg(Ascorbic Acid, Sodium Ascorbate)Vitamin D3................................2.5 mcg/100 IU(Cholecalciferol)Echinacea (3:1 extract)….…………….…8 mg(Echinacea angustifolia, root)Equivalent to 24 mg raw herb, standardized to 4%echinacosides.Astragalus (8:1) extract..............................1 mg(Astragalus mebranaceous, root)Equivalent to 8 mg of raw herbChamomile (1:4) extract…..…………......1 mg(Matricaria recutita/chamomilla, flower)Equivalent to 4 mg of raw herbPeppermint Leaf…………………………1 mg(Mentha piperita, leaf)Ginger ………………………….………..1 mg(Zingiber officinale, root)EXCIPIENTSSorbitol, Citric Acid, Natural Flavours (Honey Lemon,Red Raspberry), Vegetable Magnesium Stearate, Silica,Sucralose.For Accidental Overdose (such as child ingesting formula)Dial 911, 0 for operator assistance or call your nearest Poison Control Centre.For Professional Use OnlyThe information contained here has been accumulated from many sources.Indications are not intended as cures, they are simply a guideline to be used at your professional discretion.For more information please visit www.jamiesonvitamins.com or call 1-800-265-5088 to speak to a Consumer Affairs representative.08/24/12

DIRECTIONSAdults: Take at first sign of cold, flu or sorethroat. Take before eating, a few hours before orafter taking other medications. Dissolve lozengesslowly in the mouth.Children 4+ years: Maximum of 1 lozenge dailyChildren 9+ years: Maximum of 2 lozenges dailyAdults 19+ years: Maximum of 5 lozenges dailyStore between 15°-25°C, away from children.INDICATED BENEFITS• Helps boost the immune system’s virusfighting power.• Helps reduce the duration and severity of thesymptoms associated with the common cold.NUTRIENT INTERACTIONSDrug InteractionsDoxycycline, Minocycline, Tetracyclinehydrochloride - zinc may reduce effectiveness.Take zinc at least two hours after ingesting thesemedications.Nutrient DepletionsZinc supplementation can cause a copperdeficiency. Zinc intakes of 150 to 450 mg perday have been associated with low copper status,altered iron function, reduced immune function,and reduced levels of high-density lipoproteins.It is advised to keep your zinc intake below theselevels.Too much iron and calcium can decrease theabsorption of zinc in the body. Take one to twohours apart.Diuretics, ethambutol, penicillamine, sodiumvalproate – zinc intake in much of the elderlypopulation may be sub-optimal and, ifcompounded with certain drugs, can lead to mildor even moderate zinc deficiency.Alcohol decreases the absorption of zinc andincreases loss of zinc in urine.Diarrhea causes zinc loss. Those who have hadgastrointestinal surgery or who have digestive disordersthat result in malabsorption, such as Sprue, Crohn’sDisease and Short Bowel Syndrome, may lack zinc.Supportive InteractionsCopper, Calcium, Phosphorus and Vitamin B6 all increasethe absorption and effect of zinc.WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONSZinc supplementation can cause a copper deficiency.Consult a health care practitioner if you are pregnant orbreastfeeding, or if symptoms persist or worsen. Consult ahealth care practitioner prior to use if you are takingimmunosuppressants or if you have an immune disorder ora progressive systemic disease such as tuberculosis,leukosis, collagenosis, multiple sclerosis, AIDS, and /orHIV infection. Do not use if you are allergic to plants ofthe Asteraceae/Compositae/Daisy family. Hypersensitivity(e.g allergy) has been known to occur, in which case,discontinue use.TOXICITY, ADVERSE REACTIONS & SIDEEFFECTSNone known when taken as directed, although occasionalnausea may be experienced if lozenges are taken on anempty stomach.Echinacea should not be used on an indefinite, continuousbasis. Echinacea is well tolerated by most people and itsuse is usually without side effect. Do not use if you havean allergy to Asteraceae/Compositae (daisy) family.REFERENCES1. Klaus-Helge, I.B.S., Lothar, R. (2003). Zinc-AlteredImmune Function. The American Society forNutritional Science. Nutritional Science. Journal ofNutrition, 133: 145S-1456S.2. Bogden, J.D., Oleske, J.M., Lavenhar, M.A., Munves,E.M., Kemp, F.W., Bruening, K.S., Holding, K.J.,Denny, T.N., Guarino, M.A., Holland, B.K. (1990).Effects of one year of supplementation with zinc andother micronutrients on cellular immunity in theFor Accidental Overdose (such as child ingesting formula)Dial 911, 0 for operator assistance or call your nearest Poison Control Centre.For Professional Use OnlyThe information contained here has been accumulated from many sources.Indications are not intended as cures, they are simply a guideline to be used at your professional discretion.For more information please visit www.jamiesonvitamins.com or call 1-800-265-5088 to speak to a Consumer Affairs representative.08/24/12

elderly. Journal of American College ofNutrition, 9(3): 214-225.3. Susan, R., Marshall, G.D. Vitamin C Effecton Immune System: Study presented at the60th Anniversary Meeting of the AmericanAcademy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology(AAAAI).4. Altamirano-Dimas, M., Hudson, J.B.,Cochrane, D., Nelson, C., Arnason, J.T.(2007). Modulation of immune response geneexpression by Echinacea extracts. CanadianJournal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 85(11):1091-8.5. Armas, L.A., Hollis B.W., Heaney, R.P.(2004). Vitamin D2 Is Much Less Effectivethan Vitamin D3 in Humans. The Journal ofClinical Endocrinology & Metabolism,89(11): 5387-5391.6. Mistretta, V.I., Delanaye, P., Chapelle, J.P.,Souberbielle, C., Cavalier, E. (2008).Vitamin D2 or vitamin D3? Rev MedInterne, 29(10):815-20.7. Aloia, J.F. (2007). Epidemic influenza andvitamin D. Epidemiology and Infection, 135:1095-1096.For Accidental Overdose (such as child ingesting formula)Dial 911, 0 for operator assistance or call your nearest Poison Control Centre.For Professional Use OnlyThe information contained here has been accumulated from many sources.Indications are not intended as cures, they are simply a guideline to be used at your professional discretion.For more information please visit www.jamiesonvitamins.com or call 1-800-265-5088 to speak to a Consumer Affairs representative.08/24/12